5G Ecosystem The digital haven of opportunities September 2019 - Deloitte
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5G Ecosystem The digital haven of opportunities September 2019
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities ii
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Contents
Foreword03
Message from CII 04
5G commercial launch in India: Are we ready? 05
• National Digital Communications Policy (NDCP) lays the foundation
for next generation 05
• Movement/transition of data traffic to 4G 06
• Regulatory endeavour for 5G spectrum allocation 06
• Progress made on policy front to prepare for a 5G future 08
• Efforts to have an indigenous 5G technology 09
• Mega cloud push will accelerate change in India’s infrastructure 09
Encircling the seamless – what is the 5G ecosystem? 10
• Handset manufacturers geared up for 5G 10
• Equipment manufacturers - Key for new business opportunities 12
• Infrastructure providers - Expanding the network footprint 13
• Mobile network operators - Supporting the 5G ecosystem 14
• Rise of application/software providers 22
Digital transformation across industry verticals – no one wants
to be left behind 24
• Manufacturing 25
• Media and entertainment 26
• Automotive 27
• Government 28
Current 5G ecosystem in India 29
Conclusion 31
Glossary of terms 32
About Confederation of India Industry 33
Acknowledgements 34
Contacts 34
References 35
01
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities 02
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Foreword
5G will be a game changer for India with the potential to create significant social and
economic impact. As the 5G ecosystem develops in the country, telcos are expected
to focus beyond connectivity towards collaboration across the telecom value chain
and cross-sector, leading to the creation of new business models and innovation.
India is making giant strides towards cross-sector convergence, spearheading digital
transformation across industries.
As the nation prepares for the launch of 5G, favourable regulatory policies to
develop digital infrastructure are expected to drive investments to fuel the growth
of 5G ecosystem. With basic connectivity solutions already in store, more advanced
capabilities with cloud, mobile edge computing, complex-converged automation,
IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and augmented and virtual reality, are expected to
enable industries to drive efficiencies and unlock the full economic potential of 5G.
Investments are being made for the impending arrival of 5G as much in the telecom
sector as other industries, such as manufacturing, healthcare, government, and
Sathish Gopalaiah retail.
Partner
Leader, Telecommunications The adoption of these above-mentioned capabilities, along with next-generation
Deloitte India hyper-scale solutions, will not only cause a paradigm shift from traditional services to
Everything-as-a-Service (XaaS) but also challenge the existing boundaries of Quality-
of-Service (QoS), and personalisation and overall customer experience.
This report presents a view on the following:
• Progress made thus far to make 5G a reality in India
• Ever-evolving 5G ecosystem and the rise of new value chain players
• Telecom value chain and cross-sector player preparations to embrace 5G
• Key considerations in facilitating the commercial launch of 5G in India during 2020
Policy roadmap addressing the spectrum, infrastructural, and business challenges,
favourable investment climate, indigenous technology development, and customised
use cases in the Indian context will help in the timely adoption of 5G in India, realising
the industrial internet and digital aspirations across the connected society.
We hope that you find this report insightful and enriching!
03
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Message from CII
5G has the potential to transform our economy. It will enable wireless broadband
services to be provided at gigabit speeds, and offer low latency and high reliability to
support new types of applications, connecting devices and objects through internet
of thing (IoT). It will fuel the development of innovative business models across
multiple sectors ranging from transport, health, and manufacturing to logistics,
energy, and media and entertainment.
It is an opportunity for operators to move beyond connectivity and collaborate
across sectors such as finance, transport, retail, and health to deliver new and better
services. It is also an opportunity for industry, society, and individuals to advance
their digital ambitions, using 5G as a catalyst for innovation. 5G will naturally evolve
from existing 4G networks and it will mark an inflection point in the future of
communications, bringing instantaneous high-powered connectivity to billions of
devices. It will enable machines to communicate without human intervention in an
IoT environment capable of driving a near-endless array of services.
Umang Das
Chairman Although 5G will engage a new generation of consumers attracted by innovative
CII Telecom Convergence services and seamless connectivity, new demands will be placed on finite spectrum
Summit’19 resources. We will need greater bandwidth to meet the speed and capacity
requirements of an increasingly connected society. Operators must be prepared
to meet the challenges of a network designed for both people and machines.
Governments and service providers must also be ready to meet demands in the
future.
This transformation is not waiting for the launch of 5G. Many digital changes to our
society are already underway, using existing networks. However, what additional
5G brings here is the speed, reliability, and spread they will need to reach their full
potential in the future. We know where we want to go and how to get there. However,
we cannot take our foot off the pedal. We need the continued commitment of
industry players, policy makers, and national authorities to complete this journey.
The success of 5G depends on the adoption of common global standards to ensure
that all parties can begin using 5G as a platform for innovation soon at the lowest
possible cost. We should work closely with members and players across the
ecosystem to define the technologies, identify spectrum bands and develop business
models and policy initiatives that will bring 5G to life. Through industry collaboration,
we can ensure that 5G becomes an evolutionary change with a revolutionary impact.
04
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
5G commercial launch in India:
Are we ready?
In the previous convergence summit held in 2018, CII and National Digital Communications Policy (NDCP) lays the
Deloitte released first in the series of the thought leadership foundation for next generation
on 5G, ‘5G – The catalyst of digital revolution in India’. As we move forward, India aspires to unlock the digital
The thought leadership discussed various aspects of the value chain with the recently announced NDCP and 5G India
technology, its impact on various industry stakeholders, 2020 forum with an emphasis on timely development of 5G
India’s preparedness, use cases that could transform various infrastructure.
industries and society, and implementation challenges. Last
year same time, India was planning to launch 5G in line with The policy sets directions to lay foundations for the 5G
the global commercial launch. ecosystem to:
• Enhance the digital communication sector’s contribution to
While the global commercial launch of 5G has been seen in
India’s GDP to 8%1
countries such as the U.S., Korea, and the U.K., 5G launch in
• Propel India to become one of the top 50 nations on the
India is slated for 2020.
ICT development index of International Telecommunication
Union (ITU)2
Figure 1: Goals to deliver a 5G-ready future3
Connectivity Investment for Strengthen Build capability
goals innovation infrastructure setup to deliver
• Create a roadmap for • Attract investments of • Set up fibre first initiative • Establish a centre of
emerging technologies US$ 100 billion in digital fiberisation of at least excellence for spectrum
– 5G, AI, IoT, robotics, communications sector 60% of telecom towers management, security,
cloud, and M2M and next-generation
• Create innovation-led • Establish a national
networks
• Encourage the use of start-ups in the digital grid with common
open APIs for emerging communications sector service ducts and utility • Promote and create a
technologies corridors fund for R&D in new
• Create globally
technologies for start-
• Adequate licensed and recognised IPRs in India • Set up common RoW
ups and entrepreneurs
unlicensed spectrum for with standardisation of
• Increase contribution to
IoT/M2M services cost and timeline • Promote innovation by
the global value chain
fostering the intellectual
• Ensure the availability of • Encourage and facilitate
• Move towards Industry property rights regime
spectrum for 5G in 6 sharing • Provide financial
GHz bands • Develop standard incentive to develop SEPs
• Establish a global hub for
essential patents (SEPs)
• Enhance backhaul cloud computing, content • Simplify the process for
capacity to support next- hosting, and delivery obtaining experimental
generation networks licences and establishing
• Simplify the licensing and
regulatory sandboxes
• Review industry practice regulatory framework
• Promote design-led
for traffic prioritisation (security, data centres,
manufacturing and
for 5G-enabled and content delivery
strict compliance to
applications and services networks)
preferential market
access requirement
05
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Movement/transition of data traffic to 4G
With 750 million unique subscribers, India has cemented its place as the world’s second-largest smartphone market. 4
Figure 2: Transition of data traffic in India across five years over technologies Data usage/volume (in billion GB) 5
100%
90%
80%
0.35
70% 0.70 2.77
60% 16.42
40.30
50%
40%
30%
0.34 1.22
20% 0.47
10% 3.18
5.65
0.47
0% 0.42 0.44
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
2G 3G 4G
The year 2018 saw users consume more data in a single month compared with the total data consumed over a period of
five months in 2016.
• The continued increase in 4G data consumption has been fueled by the migration of data users from 2G and 3G to 4G. The
total volume of wireless data usage increased from 20.09 billion GB in 2017 to 46.40 billion GB in 2018 at a growth rate of
131%.
• 4G data traffic increased by 132%, whereas 3G data traffic saw a de-growth of 1% (YoY).
• 99.7% of the total data traffic, carried over mobile networks in December 2018, was driven by 3G and 4G technology users.
• 4G (LTE) traffic contributed a major part i.e., 86.85% of the total data traffic with a volume of 40.30 billion GB in 2018.
• 4G data consumption has been driven by an increase in 4G device penetration, heavy discounts and offers from telecom
operators and OEMs, and a growing digital ecosystem.
Regulatory endeavour for 5G spectrum allocation
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) had convened a workshop “Enabling 5G in India” in May 2019.6 The workshop
gave an opportunity to stakeholders to present and align their considerations for the timely implementation of 5G in India.7
A need for a more harmonised spectrum and moving to higher frequency bands for capacity fulfilment requirements were
identified as key enablers.
India is finalising spectrum across the 600MHz, 1.4GHz, 2.6GHz, 4.8GHz, 26GHz, 31GHz, 47GHz, and E and V bands (for
microwave – access backhaul traffic). Consensus over these bands will be further shared at the World Radiocommunication
Conference 2019 (WRC-19) convened by ITU in October 2019.8
06
Table 1: Global comparator: 5G deployment progress9 (illustrative list)
5G Commercial Commercial South Korea Commercial Commercial Commercial EE launched Vodafone/Huawei Verizon began rolling
commercial deployment deployment yet to Telecom, KT, and deployment yet to deployment yet to deployment yet to the 5G network launched the 5G out its 5G services
deployment yet to be be implemented LG Uplus launched be implemented be implemented be implemented in six cities network in 15 major in Chicago and
implemented the world's first (London, Cardiff, Spanish cities on 15 Minneapolis on
nationwide 5G Edinburgh, Belfast, June 2019 3 April 2019
services in March Birmingham, and
maturity level
2019 Manchester) on 30
May 2019
5G partial Partial Sri Lanka's Dialog South Korea China to roll out 5G NTT DoCoMo 5G MegaFon The UK operator Orange plans to AT&T rolled out mobile
deployment deployment Axiata and TRCSL Telecom and nationwide (40 plans to launch 5G tested in Russia EE plans to launch 5G in Spain in 5G service in 12 US
yet to be completed 5G Korea Telecom cities) 5G coverage services at venues World Cup 2018 launch 5G (in 2019 cities in December
implemented transmission using showcased 5G by 1 October 2019 of the 2020 Tokyo London, Cardiff, 2018
commercial grade service at the Olympic and Russian mobile Edinburgh, Belfast,
base stations and 2018 Olympic Huawei claimed Paralympic Games operators are Birmingham, and Sprint/Nokia/
end-user devices Winter Games in the world's first set to launch Manchester) on 30 Qualcomm completed
in December 2018 PyeongChang 5G hardware for commercial 5G May 2019 the world's first
the automotive networks in 2020 over-the-air 5G data
industry (22 April Vodafone UK transmission using 2.5
2019) plans to release GHz on its commercial
5G in the Lake network in January
District and 2019
Cornwall in 2019
5G test/ Bharti A successful field South Korea 5G China Mobile/ NTT DoCoMo/ MegaFon/Huawei 5G Centre for Vodafone Spain Qualcomm
trials Airtel and test of the pre-5G Telecom, along ZTE completed Huawei tested 5G cellular Communication launched 5G trials Technologies tested
Huawei have LTE Advanced Pro with Samsung, testing the world’s demonstrated networks via TV Systems Research in Madrid, Valencia, first 5G mobile
successfully technology was Nokia, Ericsson, first pre-5G mobile internet channel "Russia (Huawei, Fujitsu, Seville, and Barcelona connection with a
conducted conducted Samsung, Intel, massive MIMO speed of 3.6 Gbps 24" EE, Aircom, in June 2018 connection speed of 1
India’s first and Rohde base station in the world's first BT, Samsung, Gbit/s
5G network & Schwarz, large-scale public MTS/Nokia and Telefonica,
trial under a completed a 5G network test of 5G Ericsson tested 5G Vodafone, Verizon (with Cisco,
test setup field trial in Chengdu, China at the World Cup Aeroflex, and Ericsson, Nokia,
soccer games in Rohde and Qualcomm, Samsung)
Vodafone, The 5G NTT Russia in 2018 Schwarz) conducted 5G testing
Samsung, Jio, DoCoMo/Nokia conducted 5G in "sandboxes" (small
and BSNL are trial of real-time A 5G trial testing at Surrey testing areas)
said to be transmission of 8K were done by University
in talks for of 48 Gbps video Rostelecom with AT&T/Ericsson
conducting was held on May Ericsson in St. conducted 5G trials/
5G trials soon 19 2016 Petersburg and testing
with Nokia in
Skolkovo
5G research Ericsson sets Sri Lanka Telecom 5G forum IMT 2020, a 5G The Ministry of Megafon, 5G Centre for Telefonica and AT&T, T-Mobile, and
up a centre and Dialog Axiata established promotion group, Internal Affairs and Rostelecom, MTS, Communication ZTE Corporation Sprint, along with
of excellence undertake 5G to develop 5G was formulated Communication, and Vimpelcom Systems Research established 5G testing Nokia, Ericsson,
(CoE) and research standards with supported by 5G commenced 5G focused on labs Google, and Facebook,
incubation private- and Mobile Promotion research accelerating 5G commenced R&D on
centre with a public- sector Forum, started field implementation 5G technologies
5G test bed at participation, trials in 2017
IIT Delhi including South
Korea Telecom,
Korea Telecom,
and LG
COUNTRIES India Sri Lanka South Korea China Japan Russia United Kingdom Spain United States
07
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Progress has been made on policy front to prepare for a 5G future
Figure 3: Policy landscape to steer the growth of digital revolution10
National Digital Communications Policy 2018
Draft Cloud Computing Policy
National Manufacturing Policy
Policy
landscape
Electronics Development Fund
Preferential Market Access (PMA)
(EDF) policy
National Digital Communications Policy 2018
Promotes fiberisation Promotes effective Aims to set up 10 Establishes a
and establishing global use of the E and V million Wi-Fi hotspots comprehensive data
hub for cloud computing spectrum bands and by 2022 across the rural protection regime for
promulgation of 5G and urban areas digital communications
networks
Draft Cloud Computing Policy
Mandates the localisation of Promotes the identification of 20 Recommends the development
data generated in India locations for data centre setup of a “national cloud strategy”
Electronics Development Fund (EDF) and National Manufacturing Policy
Provides companies risk capital The government of India R&D incentives and capital
to develop new technologies in provides a capital subsidy of up subsidy for promoting
electronics and IT to 25% for 10 years manufacturing
Preferential Market Access (PMA)
Provides OEM competitive advantages in Incentivising private operators to buy domestic
government bids and receiving tax benefits telecom products
085G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Efforts to have an indigenous 5G technology Mega cloud push will accelerate change in India’s
ITU plans to setup its first innovation centre in India. Ten Indian infrastructure
academic institutions are expected to join ITU; the number The Indian data centre market is slated to grow at a CAGR of
is expected to increase to about 40 institutions in the near about 9% to reach about ~US$ 4 billion by 2018−2024.12
future.11 Through such initiatives, India is expected to drive A key growth driver for data centre is the need for mega cloud
inclusive growth to strengthen its R&D capabilities, generate environments, which have become commonplace for deploying
more Intellectual Property (IP), and drive the growth of automation, AI, and machine learning (ML) for driving multiple
indigenous manufacturers. use cases for 5G service across industries.
The government’s ‘Make in India’ campaign aims to establish Market entry by new players, and investment across new
India as a global manufacturing hub by bringing telecom hyper-scale and edge facilities against the backdrop of land,
equipment, chip, and smartphone manufacturing to the power, water cooling, fibre availability, and data localisation are
country. This will further help make 5G an indigenous expected to shape the dynamics of the market over the next
technology. three years. India's data localisation bill, known as the Personal
Data Protection Bill, is also likely to play a key role in increasing
the number of data centres in the country.
Figure 4: Cloud computing spend13
400 8
CAGR 16.5% pa
7.2
350 7
Cloud spending – Global (US$ billion)
345
Cloud spending – India (US$ billion)
300 6
250 5
200 4
CAGR 30% pa
187
150 3
2.5
100 2
50 1
0 0
Year 2018 Year 2022
Cloud spending - Global Cloud spending - India
095G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Encircling the seamless – what is
the 5G ecosystem?
5G technology is expected to give a plethora of opportunities to telecom value chain players willing to increase investments
in infrastructure to meet demands for 5G use cases. As 5G technology will be initially built on existing 4G infrastructure (i.e.,
non-standalone deployments), service providers and other value chain players can work on an incremental basis as a part of
the 5G evolutionary process. Telcos are constantly innovating to minimise cost and improve time to market for delivering 5G
service offerings. There are multiple cases of partnerships across the value chain to innovate solutions for 5G deployment,
which leads to the growth of new business models.
Figure 5: Telecom value chain players across 5G ecosystem14
Electrical
Radio Network Application
3 5 6
Component Wireless device Infrastructure
manufacturers manufacturers providers
1 2
Service/
4 application End users
Wireless chipset providers
manufacturers/ Network equipment Mobile network
handset manufacturers operators
manufacturers
Policy and standards framework
1. Handset manufacturers geared up for 5G
According
to a Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) report, a device ecosystem should consist of phones, hotspots,
indoor CPE, outdoor CPE, modules, dongles/adapters, and USB terminals, (collectively known as form factors). Until June 2019,
GSA has identified 13 such form factors, 39 vendors with available or forthcoming 5G devices, 90 announced devices,
25 phones, 7 hotspots, and 23 CPE devices.15
105G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Figure 6: Upcoming and existing device ecosystem (Illustrative list)16
Phone • Samsung Galaxy S10 5G • Oppo R15
>10
• LG V50 THINQ • Samsung Galaxy Fold
• Huawei Mate X • Huawei Mate 20 x 5G
• Xiaomi Mi Mix 3 • One Plus 7 Pro 5G
>15
• ZTE Axon 10 Pro • Nokia 10
CPE
• Fibocom FG100 • Inseega R1000
8
• Huawei 5G CPE 2.0 (mmWave) • Nokia Fastmile 5G Gateway
• Huawei 5G CPE 2.0 (Sub-6Ghz) • Samsung SFG-D0100
• Huawei 5G CPE Win
15
• Huawei 5G CPE Pro
Hotspot
3 • HTC 5G Hub (US bands)
• HTC 5G hub (Europe & Asia bands)
• Netgear Nighthawk M5 Fusion
4 MR5000
Module
4 • Fibocom FG100
• Huawei MH5000
• SIMCom Wireless SIM8200-EA-M2
16 • SIMCom Wireless SIM8200G
Dongle
1
• Motorola 5G Moto Mod (only on Verizon)
1
Commercially available To be launched
115G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
The Indian telecom industry's major players, including • Innovation in semiconductors used for developing
JioPhone, Foxconn, HTC, Huawei, Lava, and Google, have 5G technologies
formed The Mobile Association (TMA) that works towards Semiconductor manufacturers are innovating solutions
developing the 5G device ecosystem.17 for 5G networks that can be used with 4G technology as
well. With the launch of 5G, China, Japan, South Korea,
2. Equipment manufacturers - Key for new business and Taiwan are becoming hotspots for semiconductors,
opportunities serving global clients.18 China remains one of the largest
consumers in the semiconductor market. Companies
• Advancements in network Infrastructure
such as Samsung and Huawei are creating their own
Telecom equipment manufacturers are focusing on
chips through their subsidiaries Samsung Austin
cloud solutions such as Cloud RAN (or CRAN) and
Semiconductor and HiSilicon, respectively.
Virtual-RAN, which involves the virtualisation of Radio
Access Network (RAN).
• Driving partnership projects
The value proposition of 5G lies in fast data connectivity
• Scalable 5G – flexible business opportunities
and new business opportunities that will be enabled by
To achieve economies of scale and smoothly transition
it. To realise new business opportunities, collaboration
to 5G, equipment manufacturers are coming up with
among players across the telecom value chain is
solutions related to 5G spectrum sharing and 5G carrier
imperative. Examples of collaborators already in play are
aggregation.
provided:
Table 2: Innovation through collaborations19 (Illustrative list)
Reason for collaboration Participating entities Examples
Development of next-generation hardware Network transformation providers and • Ericsson and Intel
management platforms semiconductor manufacturers • Nokia and Intel
5G MoU – to operate 5G in the market Network transformation providers and • Ericsson, along with multiple service
telecom service providers providers, such as Bharti Airtel,
T-Mobile, and Zain
• Huawei, along with China Telecom, and
China Mobile
Accelerate innovation and digital Multiple telecom equipment • Ericsson and Cisco
transformation manufacturers and solution providers
Develop 5G business models Telecom service providers and 5G • Orange and Dell
technology solution providers
Cloud computing enabled 5G for scalable Telecom service providers or equipment • AT&T and Microsoft
solutions manufacturers and cloud solution • Nokia and AWS
providers
• Rise of IoT platforms and IoT device ecosystems
The number of connected IoT devices is forecast to increase at a 10% CAGR between 2018 and 2025. By the end of 2021, this
number would exceed other device connections (phones, tablets, PCs, etc.). By 2025, the number of IoT connections will reach
~25 billion with smart building and smart home leading the way. 20
125G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Figure 7: Growth of IoT connections by 202521
30 Industrial
Consumer 1.5 25.2
25 0.7 0.3 0.2
0.8
1.6
5
20
0.5 0.3
15 0.7 Consumer IoT – 11.5 billion connections
1.3
3.2 Industrial IoT - 13.7 billion connections
10 9.1
5 Consumer IoT – 5.5 billion connections
Industrial IoT – 3.6 billion connections
0
2018 2025
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3. Infrastructure providers - expanding the network As emerging technologies, such as 5G, IoT, and smart
footprint cities, will drive massive growth in data transactions, a
5G networks will need a network of small cells with 5G robust infrastructure would be required to keep systems
antennae placed throughout the city, compared with operational by providing uninterrupted power supply.
the huge, geographically dispersed cell towers of the
LTE technology. Infrastructure costs for the network Most of this additional infrastructure will likely be built with
footprint could be grouped under the following four small cells that use lamp posts, utility phones, or other
areas: similar-sized structures that can host smaller, less obtrusive
• Upgrades to the traditional network radios required to build a densified network. Tower and
Infrastructure Providers Association (TAIPA) is also targeting to
• Addition of new macro sites
deploy diesel-free sites using efficient solutions, such as Li-ion
• Creation of the new 5G layer
batteries, advanced VRLA batteries, simple power panels, fuel
• Addition of small cells cells, outdoor sites, free cooling units, and solar cooling units.22
135G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
4. Mobile network operators - supporting the 5G ecosystem
New technologies being adopted by telcos for radio, core, and transport network
To facilitate smooth roll out of 5G, operators need to identify the deployment approach effectively using existing investments
and best supporting their own business strategies. Telcos/TSPs are making investments in several new technologies to
achieve a 5G-ready status:
Figure 8: Enhancements across networks to meet 5G requirements (Illustrative list)23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Radio
Market highlights
Cloud RAN
5G
The global cloud radio
access network (C-RAN)
market is expected to
RAN solutions in the cloud
provide high scalability to Technologies
reach ~ US$ 14 billion by address varying demand
2022, at ~21% of CAGR for capacity using powerful
over 2019−2022. Expected new capabilities, such as AI
growth drivers: reduced (for real-time optimisation)
costs, improved energy and edge cloud (to improve
efficiency, spectrum subscriber experience. Transport
utilisation among others.
Core
Market Highlights
Software Defined Network Function
The deployment of 5G or Small cell Networking (SDN) Virutalisation (NFV) The network function
multimode small cells is virtualisation market
While serving a much SDN architecture, along with The concept of NFV
expected to cross the one is expected to see 42%
smaller geographical area Path Computation Engine decouples software from
million mark in 2020 and growth to reach US$ 70
than a macro cell, small Protocol (PCEP) capability, hardware. Using this
further increase steeply billion by 2024.
cells increase network can be used in 5G networks technology, it is expected
to reach 5.2 million in
coverage, capacity, and to facilitate ways to automate that network administrators Expected growth
2025. The total installed
quality of service to deliver optimised paths and do not need to invest in high- drivers: Significant capex
base count of 5G small
dense coverage and high- network redundancy from priced, proprietary hardware and opex reduction
cell in 2025 is predicted
capacity network required a centralised control plane to set up a service chain of opportunity, increasing
to be 13.1 million.
by 5G. and circumnavigating major network-connected devices. data centres and cloud
Expected growth drivers:
outages by determining Instead, they create virtual services, adoption of IoT
increasing data uptake,
optimal data flows in real network functions that can
rising high bandwidth
time. be installed in a few days or a
required applications, and
week instead of months.
increasing urbanisation
Massive MIMO Network slicing Mobile Edge Computing The global edge
Valued at US$ 1.05 (MEC) computing market
billion in 2017, the global MIMO uses a combination Networking slicing is a
fundamental building is expected to reach
massive MIMO market of advanced antennas with MEC is a network architecture
block of 5G core networks, US$ 6.96 billion over
is expected to expand a large number of steerable that supports computing and
enabling operators to 2018−2024, growing at a
at a CAGR of more than ports to significantly storage at the edge of the
rapidly create custom CAGR of 34%.
39% from 2018 to 2026 increase the number network, i.e., closer to users,
services by segregating thereby lowering low latency
to reach US$ 20.85 of transmission points.
traffic and delivering specific
billion. Expected growth This increases spectral essential for delivering
sets of KPIs for each of
drivers: 4.5G technology, efficiency and network mission critical and massive
them. These independent
improved SNR (signal to capacity, and delivers IoT device ecosystem. Edge
network instances enable
noise ratio), link reliability, faster data throughput. service-specific service technology can be invaluable
expected launch of 5G level agreement (SLA) for the process of machine
needs for connectivity, learning, automation, and big
mobility, capacity, security, data applications.
redundancy, and QoS/QoE.
5G network deployments are primarily service-based architectures (SBA) providing a modular framework where all functions are
deployed through open software on generic hardware rather than proprietary hardware-software combination. This is both a
significant advantage over legacy wireless networks and a source of vulnerability, as software is more easily subject to malicious
attacks exploiting weaknesses. Due to these vulnerabilities, along with the transition to edge clouds, end-to-end security from the
mobile core to the edge is a pre-requisite.
145G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Figure 9: Security challenges and mitigations28
5G security concerns 5G security resolutions
Resilience
DDoS to potential
threats
System
vulnerabilities
Identity
Phishing management
Privacy
and assurance
malware
Recurring
security
Data loss & & threat
inadequate data evaluation
back-up Negligence & Communication
insider threat security
Deloitte is assisting government and private sector players build telecom infrastructure. It is offering assistance in the following
areas: network capex prioritisation, network planning, detailed project report, investment estimations, design and bill of
quantities development, and project management to meet connectivity requirements. Deloitte has also been involved in data
centre design and implementation, security operation centre (SOC) development, etc., in the telecom infrastructure space.
Deloitte’s engagements also span across robotics process automation, big data analytics, AI and ML design, and
implementation for telecom and cross-sector players.
5G spectrum bands
To provide diversified 5G use cases, operators will need spectrum across three frequency ranges − below 1 GHz, 1 - 6 GHz, and
above 6 GHz. The 3.5GHz band has been identified as the primary band in many countries as it is expected to be harmonised.
Operators would need to use multiple combinations of bands to provide a wide variety of uses cases as there is a trade-off among
coverage, capacity, and latency for each band.
Figure 10: Key characteristics across spectrum bands (illustrative)29
Low band Mid band High band
< 1 GHz 1–6 GHz 24–40 GHz
• Ubiquitous coverage (outside-in • High capacity • Ultra high broadband speed
Characteristics and deep indoor) • Low latency • Extremely low latency
• Wide coverage
Suitable area of application • Rural areas • Urban and sub-urban areas • Dense urban areas
• mMTC • eMBB • eMBB
Use case category • eMBB • URLLC
• mMTC
• TV broadcasting • Environmental monitoring • Industrial IOT
• Multimedia services • Smart cities • Fixed wireless access
Use case • Voice services • Mission critical services – • High-definition cloud gaming
security and safety • Real-time augmented reality
• Critical IoT applications service
• New Zealand • Japan • China • Ireland • China
• India • UK • South Korea • UK • South Korea
Countries supporting • Canada • Spain • India • Spain • India
different bands • Mexico • South Africa • Brazil • China • Brazil
• Albania • Australia • France • Italy • Hong kong
155G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
In India, the regulator has harmonised 700 MHz band and will have to increase infrastructure spending to cope with
identified 3.5 GHz band for IMT service. 30,31 Telecom service increasing traffic.
providers plan for 4G and 5G deployments in line with the
spectrum roll out and the regulator’s harmonisation plans.
In the Indian context, both the strategies are being seen to
be deployed by telcos. While Reliance Jio focuses on a lean-in
Investment requirements for 5G deployment
strategy, other telcos seem to be having a more conservative
Cost and investments related to traditional 2G, 3G, and 4G outlook. With debt-laden financials, telecom service providers
networks, unlike those for 5G, are likely to differ over time (TSPs) are in dilemma to meet the capital needs of network
and would depend on local conditions. Operators have expansion. Private telcos are now attempting to monetise on
at least two options. The first involves a lean-in strategy the fibre opportunity through fiberco and towerco separations,
in which they prioritise 5G investments in anticipation of thereby trying to deleverage a big chunk of their (overall) debt
accelerating commercial prospects. The second involves and making themselves asset-light. Fund raising is also for the
a more conservative method in which they delay 5G need to expand 4G networks and make them 5G ready. Hence,
investments as long as possible while existing networks the network expansion is already underway to expand 4G
are upgraded. Even if operators delay 5G investments, they networks and lay the foundation for 5G in the near future.
Figure 11: Network infrastructure transformation of telco-fiberco separation (illustrative list) 32, 33, 34, 35
Net debt: ~US$ 15.65 billion Net debt: ~US$ 16.44 billion Net debt: ~ US$ 22.06 billion
Towers: Bharti Infratel Towers: Bharti Infratel Towers: 220,000
and Indus merger (163,000 and Indus merger (163,000 Fibre: 300,000 route KMs
towers) towers)
Fibre: 246,000 route KMs Fibre: 156,000 route KMs
Bharti Airtel Vodafone Idea Limited Reliance Jio
Bharti Airtel is in the last stages The segregation of fibre assets The transfer of control of
of transferring its optical fibre sets the stage for VIL to engage assets has been done to
cable network to its wholly in active discussions with two InvITs – Digital Fibre
owned subsidiary, Telesonic potential buyers, which could Infrastructure Trust and Tower
Networks Ltd, by way of a culminate in a fast-track hive- Infrastructure Trust, which is
Network slump sale. off of the fibre business. set up by a wholly owned unit
infrastructure VIL’s fibre network asset has of Reliance Industries (RIL).
transformation The objective of this been estimated to be US$
of telcos transaction is to have a truly 0.43−0.45 billion. Incremental capex related to
- fiberco independent fiberco with ability network infrastructure will also
separation to monetise the fibre assets be made by InvITs, which will
and also avoid duplication of reduce Jio’s capex intensity and
capex. strengthen its balance sheet.
Bharti Airtel and Vodafone
Idea Limited are likely to
announce their optic fibre
combined entity, which will be
an Infrastructure Investment
Trust (InvIT).
Deloitte has been assisting telcos in the innovative structuring of hived off businesses such as Investment Infrastructure Trust
as part of tower and fibre assets separation. This helps drive investments in infrastructure. The company is also helping telcos
in separating business plan development for valuation, asset valuation, potential operating model, plan for monetisation, and
separation advisory.
165G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Partnerships and alliances for monetisation LTE-A and 5G being underlying technologies for end-to-
end connectivity.
5G monetisation can be tricky and many service providers
are struggling with how to monetise 5G use cases. Effective
2) Rise of content partnership among telcos and CDN/
monetisation of 5G use cases among other things, demands
OTT players
agile, low-latency high-performance networks and supporting
To boost revenues, there has been a significant upswing in
systems based on modern software methodologies.
partnerships between telcos and CDN/OTT players in India
and globally to provide exclusive video content, games,
New business models are seen to be evolving with cross-sector music, etc., to former’s subscriber. Moreover, content
partnerships to provide IoT services to retail and enterprise providers are promoting their platforms aggressively
customers. To meet the demand for high quality-of-service through a two-pronged strategy.
and high-definition content, telecom service providers are
a. Allow
initial free usage to enable customer to
partnering with content data network (CDN) and over-the-top
experience platforms and content consumption.
(OTT) players.
b. Incremental premium fees at a later stage after
1) Offering end-to-end IoT solution to enterprise and
consumer behaviour is in favour.
retail consumers
Telcos are partnering with IoT device OEMs to offer end-
to-end solutions to enterprise and retail consumers, with
Figure 12: Business models evolving through cross-sector alliances and partnerships (illustrative list) 36, 37
Content Partnership between End-to-end IoT solution to
TELCOs and CDN/OTT players Enterprise and Retail consumers
Global 5G-enabled smart office solution
• AT&T acquired Time Warner and HBO to bring premium SK Telecoms partnered with Samsung and Cisco to provide a
content direct to consumer distribution (D2C) using high- 5G-based smart office solution offering customised mobile
speed networks to provide differentiated, high-quality, enterprise phones, collaboration solutions, mobile-oriented
mobile-first entertainment experience to customers. business environments, and 5G network services per client
• Verizon acquired AOL and Yahoo, and combined Yahoo’s requirements.
internet assets with AOL’s business to create Oath, an
integrated AOL-Yahoo operation, to enhance their capabilities
in content provision and drive data business growth
PoS (point-of-sale) machines (unorganised sectors)
• British Telecom (BT) signed a deal with Amazon to have Amazon
Reliance Jio bundled Jio Mobile PoS device with Reliance Jio
Prime Video app available via the UK telco TV set-top boxes.
mobile 4G network services to connect the unorganised retail
• Telefonica and Netflix formed a global partnership to integrate
industry to its 4G network. Reliance’s subscribers can use the
Netflix’s service into Telefonica’s TV and video platforms
service to order supplies.
across Europe and Latin America.
• France based Orange, established its own original content
services to create content, which it makes available on a
wholesale basis and not just to its own customers.
Connected cars
India MG Motor partnered with Cisco, Microsoft, and Unlimit to come
• Vodafone Idea partnered with digital content provider SonyLIV up with their first internet car with the advanced connectivity
to provide access to SonyLIV exclusive digital content across system, which is a complete integrated solution that combines
all genres to Vodafone Idea subscribers. Vodafone Idea also hardware, software, connectivity services, and applications with
collaborated with OTT player ZEE5 to offer a content portfolio the first of its kind machine-to-machine sim.
of ZEE5 to Vodafone Idea subscribers.
• Airtel and Netflix formed a strategic partnership wherein
select Airtel postpaid and broadband subscribers received
free subscription of Netflix for three months and Airtel
postpaid subscribers can pay for Netflix in their Airtel bills. Surveillance in commercial and residential buildings
• Reliance Jio picked up a significant stake in home-grown Telcos in India are partnering with CCTV OEMs like CP Plus and
content providers, such as Eros International and AltBalaji, in Kent CamEye to provide surveillance services which are now
content sharing deals. an important compliance for every residential and commercial
• DTH operator Tata Sky partnered with Amazon to launch a buildings from security point-of-view.
platform ‘Tata Sky Binge’, which aggregates digital contents
from multiple apps.
175G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
Innovative products and services (cloud-based on generic hardware that allows greater flexibility. This
infrastructure enabling micro-services) is expected to significantly reduce time-to-market and
deployment cost as systems are configured on generic
For the effective monetisation of business models revolving
hardware using a high degree of automation. This helps
around 5G network, telcos would need to act as an
further reduce costs and ensure faster resolution of
intermediary to enable 5G network connectivity, agile network
issues.
infrastructure, and different types of bundled service offerings.
Telcos are also seen realising the importance of picking the • Telcos are expected to evaluate benefits of transitioning
right partner and systems for such network transformation. their existing network for 5G deployment vis-a-vis
greenfield deployment of 5G network to keep up with
• Telcos will have to transit to a micro-service model
market competition.
(instead of a traditional monolithic model), which
is expected to have multiple benefits, such as rapid • Telcos are looking forward to introduce innovative products
deployment, autonomy of application offering lower and services through cross-sector collaboration with OEMs,
capex and opex, agility, dynamic extendibility, and service software vendors, and cross-sector partners. In the 5G era,
scalability through the deployment of cloud-based the B2B2C business model is likely to be more prevalent
infrastructure. with telcos providing connectivity, platform, analytics, and
AI, IoT, and AR-VR solutions across sectors.
• Telcos will have to upgrade or migrate their networks to
modern day systems, which are more software-driven,
185G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
1920
Figure 13: Innovative products and services in the 5G era (illustrative list) 38
Sector Use cases Market Network feature Services Examples
opportunity requirements
Entertainment Infotainment The global • Enhanced • Consumer – 180 • In the US, Verizon demonstrated a multi-user VR experience using a
services connected mobile degree and 360 360 degree camera that transmitted over a 5G system.
on public automotive broadband degree videos, VR • In the US, AT&T enables its customers to capture their 3D AR
transport infotainment • Ultra-low game streaming, and holograms and view them in real time.
immersive system market is latency AR non-time sensitive
• In Finland, Telia uses 5G to provide 3G VR transmissions of a football
event forecast to reach performance advertising overlay
match in Telia 5G Arena.
experience US$ 53.28 billion by • Industry – Real-time
• In Japan, NTT DOCOMO introduced first 360-degree 8K 3D VR
for public 2026. AR content overlay,
system for live video streaming for upcoming sporting events, such
spaces (rise and holographic
as Rugby World Cup, Tokyo Summer Olympics, and nationwide
of AR and VR
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
solutions
cultural events, such as Shogatsu, Setsubun, and celebrating
content)
emperor’s birthday.
Immersive The video game • Increased cell • AR/VR applications • In Australia, Optus provides 5G wireless services to customers (using
experience segment is expected capacity • Video and music fixed wireless access).
for homes to spearhead the • Deep indoor streaming • France Televisions provides 5G ultra-HD broadcast to its customers.
Online entire AR and VR coverage • Over-the-top gaming • Orange Romania conducted trials with CISCO and Samsung using
interactive market, reaching
• Low latency for • Cloud-based mmWave technology for 5G to offer 5G experience to consumers.
gaming a valuation of US$
delay sensitive environments for small • In South Korea, LG U Plus Corp is set to release cloud-based virtual
217.26 billion by the
applications, offices reality (VR) gaming service in 2019, taking advantage of its low-
end of 2025.
such as VR latency 5G network.
• Ultra-HD broadcast
Automotive Connected The global • Ultra-low • Locations services • O2 UK will provide spectrum to a government-funded project for
vehicle connected car latency • GPS testing 5G-enabled connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV)
market was valued • High reliability technologies using 2.3GHz and 3.4GHz airwaves.
• Infotainment
at US$ 63.02 • American automotive giant Ford is building its own LTE/5G network
• Mission critical • Truck platooning/
billion in 2017. It is to test connected cars in a private environment in Dearborn
services management as a
projected to reach (Michigan, US), operating across 3.5GHz CBRS band and using
• Security service
US$ 225.15 billion equipment from Ericsson, Juniper, and Dell.
by 2025, registering
• Samsung has signed an MoU with Korea Transportation Safety
a CAGR of 17.1%
Authority (KOTSA) to collaborate on autonomous driving innovation.
from 2018 to 2025.
• Airtel has identified the auto sector as a focus area and is building
platforms through partnerships for connected cars. The telco has
started talks with several automakers for potential partnerships. It
is also exploring alliances with global telecom operators to provider
IoT solutions to their auto customers in India.
• India’s telecom operator Vodafone Idea has signed an exclusive
partnership agreement with Hyundai AutoEver India, a subsidiary of
Hyundai Motor Group, for the roll out of connected car services with
Hyundai Blue Link technology. The tie-up will enable Hyundai cars
(starting with its recently launched SUV Hyundai VENUE) to offer
‘advanced connected car functionality’. The partnership will see
Hyundai deploy a connected solution in the Indian market with the
integration of eSIMS with voice, 3G/4G data, SMS, etc.Sector Use cases Market Network feature Services Examples
opportunity requirements
Healthcare Tele- The global • Ultra-low • Wireless tele-surgery • A successful surgery was carried out at a hospital in China using
medicine telemedicine market latency • 5G-enabled medical equipment through images, which were transmitted using
Location- will expand from • High reliability ambulances 5G technologies in collaboration with Huawei, China Mobile, and
based its current US$ 38.3 Chinese PLA General Hospital.
• Security • Wireless service
services billion valuation to • The Spanish government worked with Vodafone, Juniper Networks,
robots
US$ 130.5 billion emergency equipment provider Corpuls, satellite provider Hispasat,
by 2025. The research and innovation centre i2cat, and IT company Informatica
teleconsultation El Corte Ingles to bring out 5G-enabled ambulance to serve medical
service market is emergency systems to respond to health emergencies.
expected to grow at
a CAGR of 18.9%.
Manufacturing Automation The size of the • Ultra-low • Tracking of critical • Engineering company Worcester Bosch, UK, is testing 5G for
global factory latency equipment and improved factory output. It is expected to examine how it can
automation market • High reliability monitoring output of provide help across preventative maintenance using IoT sensors
is expected to reach manufacturing lines and data analytics to predict failure, re configuration, and real-
• Security
US$ 368.37 billion • Remote maintenance time analysis, to steering a machine's movements from a remote
in 2025, from US$ of equipment location. Tech companies involved includes Huawei, O2, and BT.
190.88 billion in • AT&T and Samsung, US, plan to partner on a 5G "Innovation Zone"
2017, growing at a to test how 5G will affect manufacturing.
CAGR of 8.8% from
2018 to 2025.
Smart Grid Automation In India, the energy • Ultra-low • Real-time fault • Nokia, ABB, and Kalmar have conducted industrial trials for
and metering market latency management 5G technology to support time-critical applications, along with
management is about US$ 0.34 • High reliability • Power control enhancing protection and efficiency across smart electricity grid.
billion. It is expected
• Security • Load forecasting
to grow at a CAGR
• Smart metering
of 8−10 percent
over the next 4−5
years.
Defense Drones The drone market • Ultra-low • Surveillance services • In South Korea, SK Telecom signed agreements with drone
is expected to grow latency • Public protection and manufacturer DJI in June 2018 to cooperate for the R&D of
at a CAGR of 20.5% • High reliability disaster relief 5G-connected drones.
from US$ 14.1
• Security • Remote imaging
billion in 2018 to
US$ 43.1 billion in
2024.
Retail Robots and Global retail sales • Ultra-low • Inventory • AT&T Foundry is testing 5G connectivity using Badger Technologies’
augmented were projected to latency management robots, which identify out-of-stock, mispriced, or misplaced
reality reach about US$ • High reliability • Large interactive inventory, and store hazards, enabling retailers to improve
28 trillion by 2020, touchscreens operational efficiencies.
up from ~US$ 22 displaying products
trillion in 2016.
• Virtual dressing rooms
21
5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities5G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
5. Rise of application/software providers entry barriers for new players. This will lead to a shift in
paradigm, where the main value propositions will be in
5G is seen catalysing significant changes in the
software solutions and the business model will be OPEX-
telecommunications infrastructure by increasing the
oriented.
adoption of open source software, non-proprietary
hardware, and encouraging multi-vendor collaboration
Downstream
application scenarios with a mature
to build programmable software-defined infrastructure
technology and a high economic value are likely to be
capable of delivering critical services.
given priority in the implementation of 5G network. More
technical barriers are expected to be broken down over
These services could be delivered over 5G infrastructure
time. As a result, 5G-based downstream applications will
with minimal hardware and software to be owned.
cater to new emerging use case scenarios, creating higher
Future networks, increasingly relying on software, are
economic value.
expected to accelerate the pace of innovation and lower
Figure 14: Application implementation timeline (estimated) 39
Intelligent power
distribution Life scenarios
system Remote
Smart traffic
maintenance and
Economic value of application scenario
control system
inspection robots
Remote equipment
Agricultural High speed railways operating system
drones communication and
Sophisticated tele-
entertainment
AR/VR Commercial vehicle surgery
immersive platooning
Connected
entertainment Production
homes Assisted tele-
scenarios
surgery
L2 intelligent
Outdoor logistics
driving
Logistics robots
drones
L3 intelligent L4 intelligent L5 intelligent
Mobile HD driving driving driving
AR/VR based
monitoring
education and
shopping
4K/8K HD
Short term Mid term Long term
High videos
(Present–2022) (2022–2026) (2026–2030)
Technical difficulty of application scenario Smart Smart Smart
Easy
life production city
225G Ecosystem | The digital haven of opportunities
The planned rollout of 5G wireless technology by telcos globally a) Need
more lab trials to resolve interoperability issues
offers at least US$ 10 billion business over the next six years among different ecosystems
to India’s information technology (IT) services companies.
b) SLA
delivery of 99.999% service uptime may not be
This new technology spend by telecom firms on software and
guaranteed considering limited maturity
services could bring more than US$ 1.1 billion in incremental
revenue over the next three years for the country’s five largest c) Security
and privacy concerns considering dependency on
companies − Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Infosys Ltd, HCL another company
Technologies Ltd, Wipro Ltd, and Tech Mahindra Ltd.40 d) Government
and regulatory organisation’s stand on XaaS
is still unknown
The XaaS model has some detriments that mobility and
e) Workforce has to be reskilled with new technologies
enterprise service providers have to consider:
Figure 15: XaaS models (illustrative) 41, 42
Unified Content-as-a- Network-as-a- Data Protection-as- Data Lake-as-a-
Communication-as-a- Service (CaaS) Service (NaaS) a-Service (DPaaS) Service (DLaaS)
Service (UCaaS)
This model offers Content-as-a-Service Virtual network DPaaS enables A data lake is
different types of is one of the fastest- infrastructure through organisations to secure a centralised
communication growing services network slicing their data for long-term repository that allows
solutions to enterprise in XaaS categories. feature can be used retention requirements organisations to
customers. These CaaS would help by incumbent service and helps with quick store structured and
solutions are hosted organisations manage provider to deliver recovery to avoid unstructured data at
on service provider’s data repositories and a virtual wide area business interruption. any scale, enabling
or vendor’s cloud optimise application network for new different types of
infrastructure. agility. enterprise or service analytics (such as
• VoIP (voice-over- provider companies. big data processing,
internet protocol) real-time analytics,
and machine learning
• IM (instant
for effective decision-
messaging)
making).
• Chat box and
video conferencing
services
Use cases (Illustrative)
Microsoft, Cisco, and Worldwide content Communication service Solution providers, Various technology
Avaya offer unified services software providers (CSPs) have such as Hitachi giants, such as
communication revenue totalled been deploying a range Vantara, provide Amazon and Google,
service on cloud ~US$ 10.7 billion in of new software-based data protection- offer data lake as
to serve end-to- 2018, an increase of virtual networking as-a-service, which a service. Google
end enterprise 11.7% from 2017. At services. Operators includes recovery Cloud Platform
communications. present, top vendors such as AT&T offers copy, long-term include BigQuery, a
The market spend in content services SD-WAN services retention, and serverless, managed
across Global Unified are Microsoft, based on VMware disaster recovery. data warehouse
Communication will OpenText, and IBM (formerly VeloCloud), The market for security offering; allows
increase at a 2.6% with a combined with POP-based software increased customers to address
CAGR to reach US$ 46.4 share of 40.7% in gateways to improve annually to about 9.7% a wide range of
billion by 2023. 2018, whereas Hyland, performance and in 2018, touching US$ use cases (from
Google, and Alfresco scalability, along with 36.3 billion in revenue the traditional data
Software had the simplifying migration. (attributing to an warehouse to data
highest growth with increase in demand science use cases)
43.8%, 26.8%, and for data security-as-a- by integrating ML
23.3%, respectively. service offerings). capabilities in BigQuery
ML, and integrating
them in Cloud
Dataflow.
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