Predation on the lizard Coleodactylus meridionalis (Boulenger, 1888) and on the rain frog Pristimantis sp. by Ctenidae spiders in humid highland ...
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Herpetology Notes, volume 14: 625-627 (2021) (published online on 07 April 2021) Predation on the lizard Coleodactylus meridionalis (Boulenger, 1888) and on the rain frog Pristimantis sp. by Ctenidae spiders in humid highland forests of the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil Antônio E. Moura-Filho1, Kalyl S. Serra2, Daniel Cassiano-Lima2,3, Célio Moura-Neto4, Jober F. Sobczak1,*, German A. Villanueva-Bonilla5, and Diva M. Borges-Nojosa6 Predation involves the use of an organism as a food Collection of the Butantan Institute (IBSP 213025) resource, either totally or fragmented (Townsend et and the vertebrates in the Collection of Herpetology al., 2007), being an important ecological factor for the of the UFC (CHUFC). The first record of predation of regulation of the various populations (Odum and Barrett, the lizard C. meridionalis occurred on 26 July 2015, 2007). Reports of predatory vertebrates by invertebrates at 07:49 h, in a rainforest dense vegetation area in are not uncommon (e.g., Bauer, 1990; Menin et al., Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) Monte 2005; Manzanilla et al., 2008), and references about Alegre (3.945319oS, 38.609495oW, 500 m elevation), spiders using reptiles and amphibians prey constitute located in Aratanha Mountain, Pacatuba municipality, a large part of these records (Maffei, 2010; Moura and State of Ceará, Brazil. The lizard was foraging and it Azevedo, 2011). The present article brings two new was captured by a spider Ancylometes rufus (Fig. 1). contributions of predation records by spiders: (1) the The second predation record of this lizard occurred lizard Coleodactylus meridionalis (Boulenger, 1888) on 21 April 2018, at 08:53 h, in Hotel Remanso (Lacertilia, Sphaerodactylidae) being preyed upon (4.244123oS, 38.929771oW, 840 m elevation), in the by Ancylometes rufus (Walckenaer, 183) and Ctenus Baturité Mountain, Pacoti municipality, Ceará (Fig. 2). rectipes (Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) both spiders of The lizard fled from us and was captured by Ctenus the family Ctenidae; and (2) the anuran Pristimantis rectipes (Fig. 3). The predation of Pristimantis occurred sp. (gr. ramagii) by C. rectipes, which is the first on 26 July 2015, at 20:30 h., also in RPPN Monte report of the predation of anurans by this species of Alegre (400 m elevation), in a shrub vegetation. When spider. The invertebrates were deposited in the Spider we arrived the amphibian had already been captured by a spider Ctenus rectipes and was partially digested (Fig. 1 Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza - ICEN, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro- Brasileira, Rod. CE 060, Acarape, Ceará, Brazil. 2 Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. 3 Museu de História Natural do Ceará Professor Dias da Rocha, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Pacoti, Ceará, Brazil. 4 Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras de Iguatu, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Iguatu, Ceará 63502-253, Brazil. 5 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil. 6 Universidade Federal do Ceará, Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia da Ufc, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Figure 1. Coleodactylus meridionalis being predated by * Corresponding author. E-mail: jobczak@unilab.edu.br Ancylometes rufus in RPPN Monte Alegre. Photo taken by © 2021 by Herpetology Notes. Open Access by CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Jober F. Sobczak.
626 Antônio E. Moura-Filho et al. recent cases of endemism reported (Borges-Nojosa and Caramaschi, 2003; Castro et al., 2019). They are typically covered with relict forest vegetation from adjacent humid forests (Andrade-Lima, 1982; Santos et al., 2007). In the state of Ceará the ‘brejos’ are considered ‘areas of highest priority’ because they represent the ancient link between the Amazon and the Atlantic forests, two of the most biodiverse regions of the world. Acknowledgements. KSS is grateful to FUNCAP for scientific initiation grants. We are grateful to L. C. Cunha for allow the work at RPPN Monte Alegre, and for the support given during the Figure 2. Ctenus sp. preying on Coleodactylus meridionalis in field work. D. M. Borges-Nojosa thanks the CNPq for granting Hotel Remanso, Pacoti. Photo taken by Jober F. Sobczak. her a research fellowship (Process No. PQ 311961/2016-9) Also, we were financially supported by Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Hymenoptera Parasitoides (HYMPAR- CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), FUNCAP– BPI proc. BP3-00139- 2). Spider species of the genus Ctenus are nocturnal 00186.01.00/18 (to JFS.). predators and litter foragers (Jocqué and Dippenaar- Schoeman, 2006), and predation of lizards such as C. References meridionalis by this spider are known (Oliveira et al., 2017), but only in other states. Although there are other Amaral, L.C., Castanheira, P.deS., Carvalho-e-Silva, S.P. de, Baptista, R.L.C. (2015): Predation on the tropical bullfrog species of Ctenus feeding on amphibians (Amaral et al., Adenomera marmorata (Anura: Leptodatylidae) by the 2015), this is the first record of amphibian predation by wandering spider Ctenusornatus (Araneae: Ctenidae) in C. rectipes. Predation of reptiles by spiders are a well- southeaster Brazil. Herpetology Notes 8: 329–330. known phenomenon (McCormick and Polis, 1982; Zug Andrade-Lima, D. (1982): Present day forest refuges in Northeastern et al., 2001). Bauer (1990), when reviewing several Brazil. In: Biological Diversification in the Tropics, p. 463–512. works of predation on Gekkota, pointed out that the Prance, G.T. Ed., New York, USA, Columbia University Press. diminutive size and nocturnal habit make these animals Bauer, A.M. (1990): Gekkonid lizards as prey of invertebrates and predators of vertebrates. Herpetological Review 21: 83–87. more susceptible to predation by arachnids. Pacatuba Borges-Nojosa, D.M., Caramaschi, U. (2003): Composição e análise Mountain and Massif of Baturité are also known as comparativa da diversidade e das afinidades biogeográficas dos “brejo-de-altitude” (altitudinal humid forests), and lagartos e anfisbenídeos (Squamata) dos Brejos Nordestinos. present relevant interest for biological research, due In: Ecologia e Conservação da Caatinga, p. 463-512. Leal, I.R., to the isolation of the ombrophilous species, and the Tabarelli, M., Silva, J.M. Eds., Recife, Brazil, UFPE. Castro, D.P., Rodrigues, J.F., Borges-Leite, M.J., Lima, D.C., Borges-Nojosa, D.M. (2019): Anuran diversity indicates that caatinga Relictual Neotropical Forests are more related to Atlantic Forest than to the Amazon. PeerJ 6: 1–16. Manzanilla, O.V., Manzanilla J.P., Steines, F. (2008): Dos casos de anurofagia por Santinezia curvipes (Roewer, 1916) (Opiliones: Cranaidae). Bol. Soc. Entomológica Aragonesa 42: 317–319. Jocqué, R., Dippernaar-Schoeman, A.S. (2006): Spider Families of the World. Tervuren, Belgium. Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale Press. McCormick, S., Polis, G.A. (1982): Arthropods that prey on vertebrates. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 57: 29–58. Maffei, F., Ubaid, F.K., Jim, J. (2010): Predation of herps by spider (Araneae) in Brazilian Cerrado. Herpetology Notes 3: 167–170. Menin, M., Rodrigues, D.J., Azevedo, C.S. (2005): Predation on amphibians by spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) in the Neotropical Figure 3. Pristimantis sp (gr. ramagii) being predated by region. Phyllomedusa 4: 39–47. Ctenus rectipes in RPPN Monte Alegre. Photo taken by Jober Moura, M.R., Azevedo, L.P. (2011): Observation of predation of F. Sobczak. the giant spider Ancylometesrufus (Walckenaer, 1837) (Araneae,
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