Political and Media Discourses of Illegal Immigration in Ireland
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Politische Diskurse | Political Discourse |1
Burroughs
Elaine Burroughs
Political and Media
Political and Media Discourses of
Illegal Immigration in Ireland
Discourses of Illegal
Immigration in Ireland
ISBN 978-3-8487-2082-8
1
Nomos
BUC_Burroughs_2082-8.indd 1 01.07.15 08:54http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993
Das Konzept Diskurs steht heute im Zentrum vieler sozial- und geistes-
wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten, die sich für die Konstruktion sozialer Reali-
tät durch sprachlich-symbolische Praktiken interessieren. Während die
Diskursforschung in den 1980er-Jahren noch ein Nischen-Dasein friste-
te, ist sie seither zu einem zentralen Bestandteil zahlreicher Disziplinen
geworden. Diese Reihe bietet ein Forum für Forscherinnen und For-
scher, die sich insbesondere mit der politischen Funktion von Diskursen
auseinandersetzen, wie etwa mit der Beziehung zwischen Diskurs und
Macht, mit sozialen/politischen Grenzziehungen, Exklusionsmechanis-
men, Identitätskonstruktionen oder mit der Schaffung von (Un)Möglich-
keitsräumen für politisches Handeln. Die Reihe ist offen für Monogra-
phien, Sammelbände und Dissertationen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen,
die in deutscher oder englischer Sprache verfasst sind. Alle Beiträge
durchlaufen ein anonymes Peer-Review-Verfahren.
Schriftenreihe
Politische Diskurse | Political Discourse
herausgegeben von
Eva Herschinger, Judith Renner, Alexander Spencer
Band 1
BUT_Burroughs_2082-8.indd 2 02.07.15 11:42http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993
Elaine Burroughs
Political and Media
Discourses of Illegal
Immigration in Ireland
Nomos
BUT_Burroughs_2082-8.indd 3 02.07.15 11:42http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993
Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the
Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data
is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de
a.t.: Maynooth, Univ., Diss., 2012
ISBN 978-3-8487-2082-8 (Print)
978-3-8452-6472-1 (ePDF)
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-3-8487-2082-8 (Print)
978-3-8452-6472-1 (ePDF)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Burroughs, Elaine
Political and Media Discourses of Illegal Immigration in Ireland
Elaine Burroughs
298 p.
Includes bibliographic references.
ISBN 978-3-8487-2082-8 (Print)
978-3-8452-6472-1 (ePDF)
1. Edition 2015
© Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, Germany 2015. Printed and bound in Germany.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system,
without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Under § 54 of the German
Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to
“Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort”, Munich.
No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refrain-
ing from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Nomos
or the author.
BUT_Burroughs_2082-8.indd 4 02.07.15 11:42http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993
Table of Contents
List of Figures 15
List of Tables 17
Chapter 1: Framing Illegal Immigration in Ireland 19
1.1 Illegal Immigration in the International and
European Contexts 20
1.2 Illegal Immigration in the Irish Context 23
1.2.1 The Nature of Illegal Immigration in Ireland 26
1.2.2 The Extent of Illegal Immigration in Ireland 30
1.2.3 Defining Illegal Immigration 32
1.3 Key Aims of this Book 35
1.4 Chapter Contents 37
Chapter 2: A Foucauldian Approach to Power and Discourse 39
2.1 The Functioning of Power through Discursive
Ideologies 41
2.2 Foucault’s Understanding of Power 43
2.3 The Production of Subjectivities 46
2.4 The Nation State and National Identity 47
2.5 Texts and Discourses 50
2.6 Foucault’s Understanding of Discourses 51
2.7 The Role of Discourses 52
Chapter 3: A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach to Analysing
Institutional Discourses 59
3.1 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) 60
3.1.1 The Principles and Aims of CDA 64
3.1.2 Critiquing CDA 67
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Table of Contents
3.2 Historical Argumentation Analysis
(Topoi Analysis) 70
3.3 Analysing Institutional Texts 77
3.3.1 Parliamentary Texts 78
3.3.2 Newsprint Media Texts 82
3.3.3 The Discursive Links Between the
Parliament and Newsprint Media 84
3.4 Research Design 87
3.4.1 How the Institutional Data was Gathered and
Organized 88
3.4.2 The Number of Texts Identified from the
Institutions 91
3.4.3 The Interview Data 99
Chapter 4: Irish Parliamentary Texts 105
4.1 The Irish Nation State and Parliament 108
4.2 Parliamentary Findings 111
4.3 The Control Topos 114
4.3.1 Illegal Immigration into Ireland must be
Prevented and Controlled 116
4.3.2 The Irish Government’s controlling of illegal
immigration is too restrictive. 124
4.3.3 US Immigration Policies are too Restrictive 125
4.4 The Economy Topos 127
4.4.1 Illegal Immigrants have a Negative Impact
on the Economy (2003-2004) 129
4.4.2 Illegal Immigrants/Undocumented Irish
Migrants benefit the Economy (2005-2007) 132
4.4.3 Illegal Immigrants have a negative impact
on the Economy (2008-2009) 134
4.5 The Humanitarian Topos 137
4.5.1 The Protection of Illegal Immigrants’
Human Rights 139
4.5.2 The Protection of those Smuggled/
Trafficked 140
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Table of Contents
4.5.3 The Provision of Humanitarian Rights for
the Undocumented Irish in the US 141
4.6 The Danger Topos 142
4.6.1 Illegal Immigrants are Criminals and
Involved in Fraudulent Activities 144
4.6.2 The Irish Border Required Protection from
Dangerous Illegal Immigrants 145
4.7 The Culture Topos 149
4.7.1 The Undocumented Irish are Culturally
Desirable 150
4.7.2 Illegal Immigrants in Ireland are Culturally
Desirable 152
4.8 Representations of Illegal Immigrants in Irish
Parliamentary Texts 153
Chapter 5: Irish Newsprint Media Texts 159
5.1 Newsprint Media Findings 160
5.2 The Control Topos 162
5.2.1 Justifying the Prevention and Control Illegal
Immigration in Ireland 163
5.2.2 Representing European Control Measures
are the Standard for Ireland to Follow 168
5.2.3 Control Measures in Ireland are too
Restrictive and Regularizations are
Suggested 171
5.2.4 US Immigration Policies Should be
Amended for the Undocumented Irish 171
5.3 The Danger Topos 172
5.3.1 Illegal Immigrants are Criminals and
Dangerous 174
5.3.2 Illegal Immigrants are a Threat to National
Security 176
5.3.3 Illegal Immigrants Carry Diseases 178
5.4 The Humanitarian Topos 178
5.4.1 Travelling by Dangerous Methods,
Detention, and Deportation. 180
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Table of Contents
5.4.2 Humanitarian Assistance in Ireland 182
5.4.3 Humanitarian Assistance in the US 183
5.5 The Economy Topos 184
5.5.1 Illegal Immigrants Exploit the Welfare/
Asylum System 186
5.5.2 The Expense of Deportations 188
5.5.3 The Undocumented Irish Contribute to the
US Economy 189
5.6 The Culture Topos 189
5.6.1 Non-EU Migrants are Deceitful People 191
5.6.2 Irish Immigration Laws are Insufficient
against Undesirable Illegal Immigrants 193
5.6.3 The Undocumented Irish are Desirable
People 194
5.7 Representations of Illegal Immigrants in Irish
Newsprint Media Texts 196
Chapter 6: Discursive Representations of Illegal Immigrants 201
6.1 Overall Findings from the Institutional Texts 202
6.2 The Control Topos 206
6.3 The Danger Topos 218
6.4 The Humanitarian Topos 223
6.5 The Economy Topos 227
6.6 The Culture Topos 234
6.7 Additional Discursive Aspects 238
6.7.1 The Linguistic Interrelations of the Five
Topoi 238
6.7.2 Denials and Justifications of Racism 239
6.7.3 The (Mis)Use of Terminology 241
6.7.4 Discourses of National Identity 242
Chapter 7: The Function of Ideological Discourses 245
7.1 Theoretically Framing Illegal Immigration 245
7.1.1 Governance through the Nation State
Rationale 248
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Table of Contents
7.1.2 The Maintenance of Inequality 250
7.1.3 Legitimized Expressions of Racism 250
7.2 Contribution to Knowledge 253
7.3 Suggestions for Future Research 256
7.4 A Summary of the Chapters 257
7.5 A Solution to Illegal Immigration? 258
7.6 The Lived Experience of Illegal Immigration 260
Bibliography 263
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