ONTARIO HEALTH PROMOTION SUMMER SCHOOL JUNE 25- 29, 2006 WORKSHOP SUMMARIES PRESENTERS' BIOGRAPHIES - "HEALTH PROMOTION IN ACTION" - University of ...
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ONTARIO HEALTH PROMOTION SUMMER SCHOOL JUNE 25- 29, 2006 «HEALTH PROMOTION IN ACTION» BMO INSTITUTE FOR LEARNING, TORONTO WORKSHOP SUMMARIES & PRESENTERS’ BIOGRAPHIES 1
PRESCHOOL (OPTIONAL) WHO PARTICIPATES? PRE-REGISTERED HPSS PARTICIPANTS PRESCHOOL SESSION (OPTIONAL) «Health Promotion 101» Sunday, June 25, 10:30 a.m.- 12:30 Suzanne Jackson, PhD, Director Centre for Health Promotion, University of Toronto SUMMARY: This workshop is designed for those who need a basic introduction to the field of health promotion as it is understood in Canada. The major concepts, definitions, distinguishing features, and strategies will be presented and discussed within an historical context. Examples will be presented that apply to community and agency work in Ontario. In addition handouts and other resources will be available for those who wish more information. PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Suzanne Jackson is the Director of the Centre for Health Promotion at the University of Toronto. She has conducted research in community capacity indicators, economic evaluation in health promotion, empowerment indicators, indicators of health promotion for international use, and community systems. She specializes in participatory planning, research and evaluation consultations with grassroots community groups and community health organizations. Suzanne has worked in health promotion research for almost ten years in Canada and internationally and she has eleven years accumulated experience working in the public sector for the Ontario Ministry of Health and the Toronto Department of Public Health. Suzanne received her PhD from the School of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Waterloo. She has been President of the Ontario Public Health Association, vice-president of the Canadian Public Health Association and chair of the Board of Directors of ICA Canada (a community development and facilitated group decision-making organization). She has been invited to speak on health promotion topics in various parts of Canada, USA, Jakarta, Australia, Mexico, Colombia, Germany, and Brazil. 2
PRESCHOOL SESSION (OPTIONAL) «Evaluation 101» Sunday, June 25, 1:30 - 5:00 p.m. Josie d’Avernas, President Health Promotion Consulting, Inc. SUMMARY: Designed for newcomers to the field and those who require a refresher, this workshop provides an introduction to general concepts in evaluation in health promotion. PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Josie d’Avernas is President of Health Promotion Consulting, a Kitchener-based consulting company specializing in training, research and evaluation in health promotion. Josie has worked in various aspects of tobacco control programming and evaluation for over 20 years. One of her major projects is working with the Program Training and Consultation Centre, a resource centre of the Ontario Tobacco Strategy formed in 1993 and funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Josie has a Master of Science degree in Health Studies from the University of Waterloo. She has planned and delivered numerous workshops at the community level, and has done presentations and training sessions at the provincial, national and international level. PRESCHOOL SESSION (OPTIONAL) «Developing Health Sunday, June 25, Promotion Policies» 1:30 - 5:00 p.m. Nancy Dubois , The Health Communication Unit, Health Promotion Consultation Centre for Health Promotion, University of Toronto SUMMARY: Policies define and support particular values and behaviours. "If implemented well, policy can profoundly influence the way people live and the choices that they make. In terms of health promotion, policies should make healthier choices easier, and unhealthy ones more difficult." A significant aspect of policy is that it is long-lasting and difficult to change, once in place. This workshop is intended for public and community health practitioners with an interest in policy as a strategy for bringing about health promoting change. It will provide a practical, ‘hands-on’ orientation to the process of developing and implementing health-promoting policies. Topics addressed in the workshop will be addressed via the “Policy Roadmap” framework and will include: assessing the need for policy, building support for policy among key stakeholder groups, and writing policies. Through a combination of lectures, examples and a short small group exercise, the workshop will address the development of community-wide policies (e.g., active transportation supports), as well as the development of policies for specific settings, such as workplaces and schools. 3
By the end of the workshop, participants should be able to: understand the purpose of policy as a health promotion strategy apply a practical model of policy development based on identified community health needs and stakeholder involvement set policy goals and objectives identify strategies to influence decision-makers in the policy development process. PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Nancy Dubois brings to THCU over twenty years of experience as a trainer and group facilitator, most often with community-based groups or organizational teams interested in various aspects of health promotion. In addition to her consulting role with THCU, Nancy provides on-going consultation services to the Ontario Ministry of Health Promotion and is very involved in developing the Best Practices in Chronic Disease Prevention system with the Public Health Agency of Canada. She teaches in the Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Sciences at York University, is a board member of the national Coalition for Active Living and represents them on the Steering Committee of the Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance of Canada, for whom she also chairs the Evaluation Committee. Nancy is also a board member with the Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute. She has enjoyed working internationally in Finland, Chile, and Pisa but spends most of her time traveling across Ontario and Canada working with community groups. Scotland, a small rural Southwestern Ontario town in the heart of tobacco country, is home for Nancy. 4
OPENING AND CLOSING SESSIONS WHO PARTICIPATES? ALL HPSS 2006 PARTICIPANTS ABORIGINAL OPENING AND CLOSING CEREMONIES Jan Kahehti:io Longboat, Elder, Traditional Teacher, Herbalist, Keeper of Indigenous Knowledge Ann Wilson, (Bebaamijiwebiik), Elder/Grandmother Fred Kelly, Kizhebowse Mukwaa – Kind Walking Bear, Lynx Clan, Midewe’in- The Sacred Law and Medicine Society, Elder Monday, June 26, 9:00 - 10:30 a.m. and Thursday, June 29, 1:30-3:00 p.m. ORIGINAL PEOPLES' CEREMONIES The Opening and Closing is done in a traditional Anishnawbek manner. It is Ceremony. We generally have four sacred medicines that are burned: tobacco, cedar, sage and sweet grass. This particular ceremony is as old as time. All original Nations have their own ways to do this. It is not acceptable to consider one ‘way’ better than another.Instead, all ceremonies are highly regarded and respected for their sacred nature. Anishnawbek Way brings a holistic approach that integrates spiritual, physical, mental and emotional aspects of ourselves and the world around us. Through the process of opening and closing, we literally explore what surrounds us and what is inside us. We want to ensure that we are gathering everything we need to carry out the tasks ahead. It is to help bring the body, mind and spirit of each of us together. Ceremony also reminds of us how we are to behave in a balanced manner for the benefit of ourselves and generations that will follow. We welcome everyone to join in ceremony as we open the Health Promotion Summer School. ELDERS’ BIOGRAPHIES: Jan Kahehti:io is the mother of three daughters, one son and ten grandchildren. She is the keeper of Earth Healing Herb Gardens and Retreat Centre at Six Nations. During her life she has experienced the many losses of our values, culture, language and traditional healing arts and medicines. For most of her life, Jan has worked in education and the healing arts to bring back what she has experienced in loss. She has focused on the `power of the Good Mind` to bring about well-being in her life and now teaches in her community and in learning institutions around the country. Jan Kahehti:io believes our ancestors have left us a great legacy of knowledge in how to have `good well-being`. Our responsibility is to go back and pick up the pieces that we have left along our journey of 500 years. 5
Jan Kahehti:io presently services First Nation communities in Indigenous practices of Healing and Well-being. . Elder/Grandmother Ann Wilson (Bebaamijiwebiik) is a member of the Awaazisii (Bullhead) Clan and is from the Rainy River First Nation. She is a mother, grandmother and great- grandmother. As well, she is an Auntie, Awe’e and friend to many whom she is close to. Ann was born in her Rainy River First Nation’s home in the 1920’s. Her mother, grandmother and extended family ensured she learned her language, traditions and culture. As a child her traditional upbringing was interrupted for a short period to attend Residential School in Fort Frances. True to her clan, she was determined to hold her language, traditions and culture close when told to let it go. She maintained these teachings and returned home bilingual and stronger. As a married woman and mother, she lived on the trap line, learning the habits of the animals and the dominant society. During her mid-life, Bebaamijiwebiik recorded the stories of her elders and continues today to pass their teachings on. Currently, Ann works with students in the Seven Generations Education Institute Masters of Indigenous Philosophy and Knowledge where she addresses many groups wanting to hear her teachings. She has traveled extensively throughout Canada and the United States to share her knowledge and teachings. As a wise grandmother who held on to her Way of Life, she has been asked to speak about the Way of Life for the Anishinaabe by many organizations and committee members. Such organizations include: the Ontario Native Women’s Association, Ontario Federation of Indian Friendship Centres, Health Canada, the Mic’maq Nation of Nova Scotia, Algoma University, North Shore Tribal Council Health Program, Native Mental Health Conference 2004. Ann has truly learned the value and importance of a balanced lifestyle. She ensures that the body, mind, heart and soul all work together to keep the spirit strong as Anishinaabe. Elder Fred Kelly is a member of the Ojibways of Onigaming and a citizen of the Anishinaabe Nation in Treate #3. He is a member of Midewe ‘in, the Sacred Law and Medicine Society of the Anishinaabe and is a practitioner of all traditions and customs. He is a custodian of Sacred Law and has been called upon to conduct healing and other ceremonies across Canada, in the United States, Mexico, Japan, Argentina and ost recently in Israel. He is head of Nimishomis-Nokomis Traditional Healing Group, a consortium of spiritual Healers and Elders that combines traditional healing and western medical practices. Fred is fluent in the Anishinaabe and English languages and is a sought-after resources person on the history and cultures of indigenous nations of the western hemisphere. With forty-nine years of service to the original peoples of Turtle Island, he is also an experienced executive, political leader and an exceptional communicator who has been a guest speaker at numerous functions; colleges and universities; and television and radio in Canada and the U.S. He has served as Chief of his own community; Grand Chief of the Anishinaabe Nation in Treaty #3; and Ontario Regional Director of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. And he has and continues to function as personal advisor to First National leadership in Canada most notably Phil Fontaine, National Chief o the Assembly of First Nations; Angus Toulouse, Regional Chief for the Chiefs in Ontario; Stan Beardy of the Nishnawbe-Aski Nation; and Arnold Gardner, Grand Chief of Grand Council Treaty #3. In 1965 he led a march in Kenora, Ontario that has 6
become to be known as the birth of the indigenous civil rights movement in Canada. He played a prominent role in the constitutional negotiation s that led to the recognition of Aboriginal and Treaty rights in the Canadian Constitution of 1982. Fred is a consensus builder and among other activities, he successfully enjoined Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Harvard University and Motorola into a Partnership for Excellence in Education, a major overhaul of Onigaming’s education system focusing on Governance, Leadership, Technology Infusion, and Effective Schools Correlates. He is also a practitioner of traditional methods in conflict resolution including mediation and other cultural strategic intervention approaches. He will be a special guest presenter at the Vienna Conference for Mediation in May 2006. He has worked with many Tribes and First Nations on nation building, constitutional and governance renewal. He has served as the principal advisor for the Anishinaabe Nation in Treaty #3 that is seeking to restore its government and jurisdiction based on Sacred Law, Traditional Constitution, and its Treaty with the Crown in right of Canada. He has been the proprietor of a successful consultancy in strategic planning and management, negotiation and policy development and corporate governance for over thirty years. He was the principal advisor on the establishment of Bimose Tribal Council, Kenora Chiefs Advisory, Anishinaabeg of Kabapikotawangag Resources Council, and numerous other Aboriginal institutions in Economic Development and Education. He developed the strategic plan for Treaty Implementation for the Assembly of First Nations. He also developed a comprehensive strategic plan for the Chiefs in Ontario that incorporated the revitalization of nationhood and Pre-contact Treaties among the indigenous nations in Ontario. He is also an Elder Advisor to the United Tribes and First National of the Great Lakes on water and environmental protection of the Great Lakes Basin. 7
OPENING AND CLOSING PLENARY SESSIONS OPENING PLENARY SESSION «Creating Health Where We Live – Monday, June 26, Healthy Buildings in Healthy Communities 11:00 a.m.- 12:30 p.m. in a Healthy World » Trevor Hancock, Public Health Physician and Independent Health Promotion Consultant SUMMARY: Based on the fact that we spend 90% of our lives indoors, 80% of us live in urbanized settings, and we live 100% of the time on the Earth. I will explore settings approach (physical place + social space), understanding links to national and international setting, including the WHO Commission, and Aboriginal perspectives. The session will be illustrated with examples and stories illustrating broader social transformation and that change is possible KEY ELEMENTS OF PRESENTATION • Healthy Buildings: Homes; Schools; Workplaces; Care facilities; • Healthy Communities: Neighbourhoods • Cities: urban form; transportation; energy use • Healthy World: climate change; pollution and ecotoxicity; resource depletion; loss of biodiversity and species extinction • Societal Transformation: reforming governance; re-inventing capitalism; re-thinking values PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Dr. Trevor Hancock is a public health physician and health promotion consultant who has worked for local communities, municipal, provincial and national governments, health care organizations and the World Health Organization. . His main areas of interest are health promotion, healthy cities/communities, healthy public policy, environmental health, health policy and planning, and health futurism. He is currently a Public Health Consultant at the Ministry of Health in British Columbia, where he is working to implement core programs in public health, to increase preventive services in primary care, to foster a population health promotion approach, and to develop a comprehensive self-care strategy. He has recently been appointed to the Knowledge Network on Urban Settings (part of the new WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health), is co-chair of the new Population Health Promotion Expert Group of the Public Health Network of Canada, and is a member of the National Advisory Group for the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. He has been actively involved in the public health movement in Canada, having been on the Board of Directors of the Ontario Public Health Association for a number of years, serving as President in 1986/7. Honours he has received include Honourary Life Membership in the Canadian Public Health Association (1990); Canadian Vice-President of the American Public Health Association (1991-2); an Honourary Award from the US Healthy Cities and Communities Coalition (1998); Life Membership in the Ontario Public Health Association (1999), appointment as a Regents Lecturer at the School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley (2000) and the President’s Award, Public Health Association of BC (2004). His major work in recent years has been in the area of healthy cities/communities, an area he helped to pioneer. He has consulted to healthy city/community projects in several countries (notably Sweden and the USA) as well as in Toronto and across Canada. He was the principal consultant for the Healthy 8
Toronto 2000 project; a consultant to the Canadian and the WHO Europe Healthy Cities Projects; the founding Chair of the Ontario Healthy Communities Coalition; a member of the judges panel for the Healthcare Forum’s “Healthier Communities Award" for four years, and a member of the Advisory Committee for the (Ontario) Trillium Foundation's "Caring Communities Award" for three years. He has recently helped to re-establish the BC Healthy Communities Initiative. Dr. Hancock is particularly interested in the health implications of public policy in non-health fields, and in what he calls healthy public policy. In 1984 he organized "Beyond Health Care" – the first major conference ever held on healthy public policy, and in 1986 led a CPHA study tour on the topic to the Nordic countries. He currently chairs the BC Population Health Network. In recent years his views on the place of hospitals in their community and their role with respect to health promotion and healthy communities has led to consulting work with hospitals and to a number of articles and speeches on the topic. In partnership with Claude Halpin, he established Planetree Canada to further develop the concept of healthy and health-promoting hospitals. He is a founder of the Canadian Coalition for Green Health Care and authored a major report on environmentally responsible health care in Canada. Dr Hancock also has a longstanding interest in health and the environment, in the "conserver society" concept and the health and political implications of sustainable development. In 1989, he organized a national conference on health, environment and economy and continues to work to bring together the themes of health and sustainable development. He is a founder of the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment and chaired the Board from 1993 - 2003. CLOSING PLENARY SESSION « Return to the Walkable City » Thursday, June 29, 1:30 - 3:00 p.m. Ken Greenberg, Architect and Urban Designer SUMMARY: In the post-war decades we transformed our cities to suit the automobile and in the process lost the art and the habit of walking. A movement is now underway to make our cities walkable once again. PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Architect and Urban Designer Ken Greenberg has played a leading role on a broad range of assignments in highly diverse urban settings in North America, and Europe. Much of his work focuses on the rejuvenation of downtowns, waterfronts, neighborhoods, and campus master planning. His projects include the award-winning Saint Paul on the Mississippi Development Framework, the Brooklyn Bridge Park on the East River in New York, the East River waterfront in Lower Manhattan, the Fan Pier in Boston, the Southwest and Southeast Waterfronts in Washington, D.C., the Vision Plan for Washington D.C., Kendall Square and North Point/Lechmere Square in Cambridge, the Downtown Hartford Economic and Urban Design Action Strategy and the Downtown Master Plan for Fort Lauderdale. In each city, with each project, his strategic, consensus-building approach has led to coordinated planning and a renewed focus on urban design. Current efforts include an interim role as Chief Planner at the BRA (Boston Redevelopment Authority) for the City of Boston including oversight of the Crossroads Initiative which builds on the 'Big Dig' and the Rose Kennedy Greenway; implementing the Master Plan for the renewal of Regent Park, a major public housing project in Toronto; the implementation of the Convention District Master Plan in San Juan, P.R., the preparation of a Strategic Framework for Midtown Detroit surrounding the Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University; the preparation of a Master Plan for the NoMA District (North of Massachusetts Avenue) of 9
Washington D.C.; work with the City of Toronto and the Province of Ontario on the integration of Ontario Place and Exhibition Place, the implementation of the Harbourfront Master Plan and Plans for the new FilmPort (Toronto Film Studios complex) on the Toronto Waterfront.. Ken Greenberg continues to play a role as strategic advisor to Saint Paul, Hartford and Columbus, Ohio. SERIES 1, 2 and 3 WHO PARTICIPATES? ALL HPSS 2006 PARTICIPANTS – SERIES IS SELECTED AT REGISTRATION. NB: An integrated set of workshops and lectures will be offered within each series. Participants are advised NOT to consider attending workshops within different series. SERIES 1 THE MEDICINE WHEEL - ABORIGINAL CURRICULUM SERIES 1: GENERAL SESSION 1 (Introduction) « Medicine Wheel: Models and Theories: Monday, June 26, Four stages of growth and development: 1:30 - 3:00 p.m. Birth to Elder » Jan Kahehti:io Longboat, Earth Healing Herb Farm and Retreat Centre Elder, Traditional Teacher, Herbalist, Keeper of Indigenous Knowledge SUMMARY: The workshop will focus on the cultural teachings of the male and female from Birth to Elder. PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Jan Kahehti:io is the mother of three daughters, one son and ten grandchildren. She is the keeper of Earth Healing Herb Gardens and Retreat Centre at Six Nations. During her life she has experienced the many losses of our values, culture, language and traditional healing arts nad medicines. For most of her life, Jan has worked in education and the healing arts to bring back what she has experienced in loss. She has focused on the `power of the Good Mind` to bring about well-being in her life and now teaches in her community and in learning institutions around the country. Jan Kahehti:io believes our ancestors have left us a great legacy of knowledge in how to have `good well-being`. Our responsibility is to go back and pick up the pieces that we have left along our journey of 500 years. Jan Kahehti:io presently services First Nation communities in Indigenous practices of Healing and Well-being. 10
SERIES 1: GENERAL SESSION 2 (Emotional) «Pimatiziwin -- Walking a Good Way of Life Tuesday, June 27, A First Nation Perspective 9:00-10:30 a.m. Relating to Well-Being» Dave Courchene, Jr. Neeghani Aki Innini (Leading Earth Man) Anishnabe Nation, Eagle Clan SUMMARY: Balancing the four elements of our nature needs to be qualified in a model. Dave Courchene’s presentation will qualify a holistic approach to balance in life using an Indigenous perspective. BIOGRAPHY: In 1967, Dave Courchene was invited to be one of 10 Aboriginal youth who would carry the torch to the Pan American Games. After running the torch over 800 km in 10 days from Minnesota, the final runner Dave Courchene was stopped outside the door to the Winnipeg Stadium, and the torch was taken from him. Instead of being given a place of honour, the 10 young runners were taken to a small restaurant across the street, where they watched on TV as a White runner lit the Flame for the Pan Am Games. Thirty years later, in 1999, when the Pan Am Games returned to Winnipeg, Dave Courchene and other original runners were asked to return. This time they carried the torch into the stadium, where they passed it to a young Aboriginal runner who ignited the Flame. This event was symbolic of the spirit of survival, strength and perseverance of Aboriginal people. Although they have endured many generations of deep suffering and hardship because they were displaced from their connection to the land and traditional spiritual way of life, Aboriginal people have survived. Aboriginal people are now are returning to and being acknowledged for their original role as leaders and peacemakers. Dave Courchene (Nii Gaani Aki Inini) carries out ceremonies and gives teachings to respect life and the earth, and offers an Aboriginal perspective on various issues at world gatherings in Brazil, Japan, Israel, the Philippines, the USA and Canada. He is also spiritual advisor to the well- known Canadian documentary series The Sharing Circle, and co-creator of the 2003 Parent's Choice Gold Award-winning children's TV program, Tipi Tales. A son of former Manitoba Grand Chief Dave Courchene Sr., he learned at an early age the responsibilities of leadership from a long line of leaders and chiefs of his people. Dave sought a vision that led him to his present quest to bring healing to young people of the world by giving them hope based on the prophecies of the Elders. Dave Courchene has worked for the past 25 years toward the fulfillment of a vision - the Turtle Lodge. The Turtle Lodge is a sacred environment where young people are being reintroduced to a way of life, based on natural and spiritual laws, that has worked for and sustained Aboriginal people for thousands of years. The Turtle Lodge also offers workshops for organizations and government to learn the truth about the history, and the traditional spiritual and land-based way of life of Aboriginal people. The raising of the Turtle Lodge building in 2002 and 2003 by a group of committed and gifted volunteers working together on a labour of love, is a testament to the survival of an ancient way of life. "It is our belief that Indigenous People have an equal contribution to make toward 11
the survival of humanity and also offer a new direction that mankind will have to consider if there is to be a future for the Earth and the generations yet to come. This belief is premised on peace and brotherhood for all peoples of the world." -- Nii Gaani Aki Inini SERIES 1: GENERAL SESSION 3 (Physical) «Anishnaabe Kweg (Aboriginal Women) Tuesday, June 27, Water Project» 11:00 a.m.– 12:30 p.m. Ghislaine Goudreau, Native Human Services, Health Promoter School of Social Work, and member of the Laurentian University (Sudbury) Waabishki Mkwaa Singers SUMMARY: As part of the Sudbury Children's Water Festival, several Aboriginal women set out on a journey carrying a container of water around Lake Ramsey. They undertook this project to fulfill their role as caretakers of the water and to pass on the message of the importance of looking after water to the public and, most importantly, the children. Two Anishnaabe Kweg (Aboriginal women) will share how they involved the Aboriginal community in the project and describe the media attention that it generated. They will also share Aboriginal teachings about the water and ways to keep it sacred. PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Ghislaine Goudreau is a member of the Algonquin of Pikwàkanagàn. She works as a Health Promoter at the Sudbury & District Health Unit. Ghislaine recently completed her Master of Science Degree in Health Promotion through the University of Alberta, via distance education. The title of her thesis is "Exploring the Connection between Aboriginal Women's Hand Drumming and Health Promotion (Mino-Bimaadiziwin). Ghislaine believes in building on the strengths of the Aboriginal community and practices traditional ways as a way of maintaining her culture and promoting wholistic health. She has been a member of the Aboriginal women's hand-drumming circle, the Waabishki Mkwaa Singers, for seven years. One of Ghislaine's proudest accomplishments was being the Aboriginal Committee Chairperson for the 1999 (HPSS) Health Promotion Summer School in Sudbury where an Aboriginal stream was introduced for the first time. SERIES 1: GENERAL SESSION 4 (Mental) «Addressing Mental Health Needs Wednesday, June 28, in Aboriginal Communities» 9:00-10:30 a.m. Cornelia Wieman, M.D., FRCPC Canada’s first female Aboriginal psychiatrist SUMMARY: There are many factors, both historical & contemporary, that are related to the current mental health status of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada. Suicide, particularly for youth, is an issue of primary concern. Contemporary indigenous identity and its relation to suicide will be discussed. Community-based and national initiatives, including new emerging research into suicide prevention, that are directed toward reducing and preventing suicide in the Aboriginal population will be described. It is hoped that participants may also share information they have regarding community-based endeavors or local ‘success stories’ of suicide prevention programs. 12
PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Cornelia Wieman is Canada’s first female Aboriginal psychiatrist. She is a member of the Little Grand Rapids First Nation (Anishnawbe) in Manitoba. She attained an Honours Bachelor of Science degree (Kinesiology - 1988) and a Master of Science degree (Biomechanics – 1991), both from the University of Waterloo. She graduated from the medical school at McMaster University in Hamilton in 1993. She completed her specialty training in psychiatry in 1998 at McMaster University. From 1997–2005, Dr. Wieman practiced as a consultant psychiatrist with Six Nations Mental Health Services, a community mental health clinic based on the Six Nations of the Grand River Territory. In July 2004, she joined the University of Toronto as Co-Director of the Indigenous Health Research Development Program (IHRDP) and as Assistant Professor in the Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine. She continues to hold an academic appointment as an Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences at McMaster University. She is a co-investigator on several research initiatives funded through the Institute of Aboriginal Peoples’ Health (IAPH), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) including the National Network for Aboriginal Mental Health Research (NNAMHR) and a New Emerging Team (Suicide NET) investigating aspects of suicide in Aboriginal populations. Her clinical, academic & research interests include Aboriginal health and mental health issues including HIV/AIDS, Aboriginal health care policy and Aboriginal health workforce development. From 2000-2004, Dr. Wieman was the Director of the Native Students Health Sciences Program for the Faculty of Health Sciences at McMaster. She served as the Acting Director of Emergency Psychiatry Services for the Hamilton-Wentworth Region during 2000-2001. She continues to provide independent consulting services to various F/P/T agencies (government & NGOs) involved in the delivery of health services to Aboriginal communities. She travels widely, speaking about relevant Aboriginal health and mental health issues in order to advocate for the improved health status of the Indigenous Peoples of this country. In 2001, she was appointed to the Suicide Prevention Advisory Group jointly by the Federal Minister of Health and the Assembly of First Nations National Chief. From 2002-2005, she served as a Member and Deputy Chair of Health Canada’s Research Ethics Board. In 2003, she was appointed as a Member of the Drug Utilization Evaluation Advisory Committee for the Non-Insured Health Benefits Program, First Nations & Inuit Health Branch. She takes a special interest in Aboriginal youth and tries to encourage them to achieve their dreams. She has worked with Creative Wellness Solutions since 2002 as part of their ACT NOW Role Model Program for First Nations. She has also participated in many activities of the National Aboriginal Achievement Foundation including the Blueprint for the Future Career Fairs, the Taking Pulse Initiative and the Annual Suncor Energy Foundation Luncheons for Youth. Since 2002, she has worked with leaders from the Six Nations community on the Vision 2020 Strategy, an Ontario-wide proposal to train more Aboriginal physicians in this province. 13
Dr. Wieman has won numerous research scholarships and awards, including a National Aboriginal Achievement Award that recognized her career achievement in the area of medicine (1998). She was one of only two recipients in North America of an Association of Women Psychiatrists Wyeth-Ayerst Fellowship (1998). She was the inaugural recipient of the University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Alumni Achievement Award (2002). Her work and experiences have been featured in the media, including CBC radio & TV, the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network, and TV Ontario. SERIES 1: GENERAL SESSION 5 (Spiritual) « The Sacred Four in Traditional Therapy and Thursday, June 29, Wellness- 9:00-10:30 a.m. Ganaandawe Bimaadiziwin – Minwaadagitowin » Fred Kelly, Kizhebowse Mukwaa – Kind Walking Bear, Lynx Clan, Midewe’in- The Sacred Law and Medicine Society, Elder SUMMARY: To the Anishinaabe people, the source of all life in creation is the Great Spirit. Stored within the knowledge of sacred elders, traditional doctors and midwives, therapists and herbalists is humanity’s lifeline to the time when people lived in harmony with nature’s authority conferred by the Creator. The Anishinaabe thrived through their sacred relationship with the land and the environment – the plants, the forest, the waters, the mountains, the soil, and the wetlands of the four earths, the four skies and the four winds. With the four pipes and four drums, the four spiritualities and the four lodges, the Anishinaabe developed their health sciences, medicines and therapies. And thus, they came to understand living the wholeness and wellness of life that is practiced to this day. PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Elder Fred Kelly is a member of the Ojibways of Onigaming and a citizen of the Anishinaabe Nation in Treate #3. He is a member of Midewe ‘in, the Sacred Law and Medicine Society of the Anishinaabe and is a practitioner of all traditions and customs. He is a custodian of Sacred Law and has been called upon to conduct healing and other ceremonies across Canada, in the United States, Mexico, Japan, Argentina and ost recently in Israel. He is head of Nimishomis-Nokomis Traditional Healing Group, a consortium of spiritual Healers and Elders that combines traditional healing and western medical practices. Fred is fluent in the Anishinaabe and English languages and is a sought-after resources person on the history and cultures of indigenous nations of the western hemisphere. With forty-nine years of service to the original peoples of Turtle Island, he is also an experienced executive, political leader and an exceptional communicator who has been a guest speaker at numerous functions; colleges and universities; and television and radio in Canada and the U.S. He has served as Chief of his own community; Grand Chief of the Anishinaabe Nation in Treaty #3; and Ontario Regional Director of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. And he has and continues to function as personal advisor to First National leadership in Canada most notably Phil Fontaine, National Chief o the Assembly of First Nations; Angus Toulouse, Regional Chief for the Chiefs in Ontario; Stan Beardy of the Nishnawbe-Aski Nation; and Arnold Gardner, Grand Chief of Grand Council Treaty #3. In 1965 he led a march in Kenora, Ontario that has become to be known as the birth of the indigenous civil rights movement in Canada. He played a prominent role in the constitutional negotiation s that led to the recognition of Aboriginal and Treaty rights in the Canadian Constitution of 1982. 14
Fred is a consensus builder and among other activities, he successfully enjoined Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Harvard University and Motorola into a Partnership for Excellence in Education, a major overhaul of Onigaming’s education system focusing on Governance, Leadership, Technology Infusion, and Effective Schools Correlates. He is also a practitioner of traditional methods in conflict resolution including mediation and other cultural strategic intervention approaches. He will be a special guest presenter at the Vienna Conference for Mediation in May 2006. He has worked with many Tribes and First Nations on nation building, constitutional and governance renewal. He has served as the principal advisor for the Anishinaabe Nation in Treaty #3 that is seeking to restore its government and jurisdiction based on Sacred Law, Traditional Constitution, and its Treaty with the Crown in right of Canada. He has been the proprietor of a successful consultancy in strategic planning and management, negotiation and policy development and corporate governance for over thirty years. He was the principal advisor on the establishment of Bimose Tribal Council, Kenora Chiefs Advisory, Anishinaabeg of Kabapikotawangag Resources Council, and numerous other Aboriginal institutions in Economic Development and Education. He developed the strategic plan for Treaty Implementation for the Assembly of First Nations. He also developed a comprehensive strategic plan for the Chiefs in Ontario that incorporated the revitalization of nationhood and Pre-contact Treaties among the indigenous nations in Ontario. He is also an Elder Advisor to the United Tribes and First National of the Great Lakes on water and environmental protection of the Great Lakes Basin. SERIES 1: GENERAL SESSION 6 «Medicine Wheel: Wrap-up: Thursday, June 29, Circle of Life Teachings» 11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Jan Kahehti:io Longboat, Earth Healing Herb Farm and Retreat Centre Elder, Traditional Teacher, Herbalist, Keeper of Indigenous Knowledge SUMMARY: The workshop will focus on the natural doctors for optimum wellbeing. PRESENTER’S BIOGRAPHY: Jan Kahehti:io Longboat-Mohawk Nation, Turtle Clan, Six Nations of the Grand River Territory. She is presently Keeper of Earth Healing Herb Farm and Retreat on Six Nations. Kahehti:io is a Teacher, Herbalist, Healer, Keeper of the old ways. She travels extensively to share her Indigenous Knowledge of «Now, Now, Now» and how the Now continues to sustain the Seven Generations to come. 15
SERIES 2: PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE « Santé, environnement et Le lundi, 26 juin, 13 h 30 – 17 h pensée systémique » Charles Antoine Rouyer, BA, MES, Journaliste spécialisé en santé Hygeia Healthy Communication saine Inc. et environnement SOMMAIRE : La Charte d’Ottawa (OMS, 1986) et sa démarche socio écologique de promotion de la santé incarne le mode de pensée systémique, une tournure d’esprit qui 20 ans plus tard est certes encore marginale, mais qui est toutefois davantage répandue et acceptée de nos jours. Promouvoir la santé, c’est-à-dire améliorer la qualité de vie en créant des milieux physiques et sociaux favorables à la santé, implique d’appliquer ce mode de pensée systémique, multidisciplinaire, multidimensionnelle et interactive. Cela implique aussi de pouvoir traduire cette pensée concrètement et pouvoir la communiquer aux décideurs, pour des politiques publiques saines. SURVOL Cet atelier présentera : - les principaux concepts de promotion de la santé dans la perspective de la pensée systémique et de la communication ; - divers exemples pratiques de création de milieux physiques et sociaux favorables à la santé, à l’échelle locale, régionale, nationale et internationale (qualité de l’air, qualité de l’eau; diversité et intégration culturelle; logement; écotourisme, ecodesign et consommation durable, investissements socialement responsables.) POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS (Cliquer sur les hyperliens) . «Santé urbaine et villes-santé», Ch.-A. Rouyer, Réseau canadien de la santé . «Triangles of Health», Ch.-A. Rouyer, Ascent Magazine (en anglais) . «Les bourses du futur», Ch.-A. Rouyer, Conseiller.ca RESSOURCES GÉNÉRALES (Cliquer sur les hyperliens) . Promotion de la santé, Réseau canadien de la santé . Déterminants de la santé, Réseau canadien de la santé . Qu’est-ce qui détermine la santé?, Agence de santé publique du Canada . Santé de l’environnement et milieu du travail, Santé Canada BIOGRAPHIE : Charles-Antoine Rouyer est journaliste spécialisé en santé et environnement. Il est également chargé de cours au Collège Glendon, Université York (Communication, Health & Environment, Programme d’Études sur l’environnement et la santé – http://glendon.yorku.ca/carouyer.) 16
Charles-Antoine Rouyer est journaliste indépendant depuis plus de 15 ans et a collaboré à différents titres en presse écrite, radio, télévision et sur Internet (Le Devoir, Libération, L’Express de Toronto, Objectif Conseiller, Canadian Architect, Corporate Knights, Ascent; la radio de Radio-Canada et de CBC ; la chaîne TfO, CBC Television ; le Réseau canadien de la santé). Charles-Antoine Rouyer est titulaire d’une maîtrise en Études de l’environnement en Hygiène du milieu urbain et journalisme (MES - Master of Environmental Studies, Urban Environmental Health Journalism) de l’Université York à Toronto. Il possède un B.A. spécialisé en Économie (mineur en psychologie) du Collège Glendon, Université York et a suivi divers cours en journalisme à Ryerson Polytechnic University (formation continue). SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE Petit groupe francophone Le mardi 27 juin, 9 h – 10 h 30 Comité francophone SOMMAIRE : La session "petit groupe" offre l'opportunité de discuter des réalités des milieux respectifs des participantes et participants, d'échanger au sujet des besoins et de la mise en oeuvre des apprentissages quant à la création d'environnements physiques et sociaux favorables à la santé. SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE « Promotion de la santé : Le mardi 27 juin, 11 h – 12 h 30 la bonne communication est essentielle » André Picard, journaliste Globe & Mail SOMMAIRE : Promotion de la santé: La bonne communication est essentielle. Les canadiens et canadiennes dépendent largement des médias pour l’information relié à leur santé. Mais les médias donnent-ils l’heure juste? Y a t’il trop d’emphase sur les ‘miracles’ et trop peu sur les stratégies de santé publique? André Picard, journaliste au Globe and Mail, mène une discussion interactive, et offre des conseils pour mieux communiquer votre message santé. BIOGRAPHIE : Un des meilleurs rédacteurs canadiens dans le domaine des affaires publiques, André Picard travaille pour le journal The Globe and Mail depuis 1987, où il cumule actuellement les fonctions de journaliste scientifique et de chef du bureau de Québec à Montréal. Il est également l'auteur de nombreux succès de librairie, dont les suivants : CRITICAL CARE: Canadian Nurses Speak For Change; THE GIFT OF DEATH: Confronting Canada's Tainted Blood Tragedy et A CALL TO ALMS: The New Face of Charity in Canada. M. Picard a reçu de nombreux hommages et s’est vu décerner plusieurs prix pour ses travaux, entre autres, le Prix Médias de l’Association des infirmières et infirmiers du Canada pour l’excellence en 2000 et 2001, le Prix Michener de journalisme en reconnaissance de services méritoires rendus au public, le Prix pour la recherche sur les politiques au Canada, le Prix des sciences et de la société ainsi que la Bourse Atkinson en matière d’affaires publiques. Il a été trois fois finaliste au Concours canadien de journalisme, finaliste au Prix de la Société québécoise pour la promotion de la littérature de langue anglaise - catégorie études et essais et proposé comme lauréat du Prix Gordon Montador – catégorie affaires publiques. M. Picard a également été honoré par la Société canadienne de l’ouïe. M. Picard vit à Montréal. 17
SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE « Les notions de santé et de bien-être au sein Le mardi 27 juin, 13 h 30 – 15 h des collectivités viables » Véronique Jampierre, Vivre en ville, le regroupement québécois pour directrice de développement le développement urbain, villageois et rural viable SOMMAIRE : Étroitement liée à la notion de viabilité, la santé fait partie des principales préoccupations de Vivre en Ville en tant qu’organisme prônant les principes du développement durable appliqués à l’aménagement du territoire et l’urbanisme. Au même titre que la protection de l'environnement, chaque projet de Vivre en Ville intègre dans ses objectifs l'amélioration du bien-être et l'accès à un environnement sain pour tous. Les questions de santé environnementale concernent notamment la qualité des habitats, de l'air, de l'eau des sols et de l'environnement sonore. La santé et le bien-être dépendent également d'un juste équilibre psychologique favorisé par la recherche d’une plus grande équité sociale. À titre d'exemple, en initiant le projet Calend'AIR, Vivre en Ville répondait à un besoin d'information du grand public sur les interrelations entre la qualité de l'air intérieur des bâtiments et la santé des individus. Fréquemment en contact avec la population dans le cadre d'un programme d'intervention à domicile en efficacité énergétique, les intervenants de Vivre en Ville ont souligné la récurrence des problèmes de santé liés à la mauvaise qualité de l'air des logements visités (moisissures, infiltrations d'air, sur-isolation, etc.). Aussi, le Calend'AIR a permis d’expliquer ces liens de cause à effets et de donner des conseils simples pour y pallier concrètement au quotidien. Indirectement, les autres projets de Vivre en Ville en faveur du développement des transports alternatifs à l'automobile, des toitures végétales ou de jardinage écologique induisent également une amélioration de la santé de chacun. DESCRIPTION DE L’ORGANISME : Vivre en ville est un organisme d’intérêt public qui a vu le jour en 1994. La portée de son action est nationale tout en étant fortement implantée dans sa communauté. Vivre en ville est une coalition d'individus et d'organismes qui s'attarde à la promotion du développement durable et dont la présence est essentielle à l'échange d'idées et l'élaboration de solutions novatrices. Vivre en ville souhaite renforcer la qualité de vie en milieu urbain par l'application des principes de développement urbain viable de façon à rendre celui-ci plus attrayant et à faire en sorte qu'il réponde à une gamme plus étendue de besoins et de clientèles. Vivre en ville poursuit son action par la sensibilisation de la population et des décideurs publics, par sa participation à des colloques, à des audiences ou à des consultations publiques, ainsi que par la réalisation de projets d'amélioration de la qualité de vie inspirés d’expériences internationales mais appliqués tant à l'échelle des quartiers urbains, des villages, que des milieux ruraux. 18
SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE BOÎTES À OUTILS (an anglais) Boîtes à outils – Séries A (en anglais) Le mardi 27 juin, 15 h 30 – 17 h REMARQUE : Les personnes qui participeront à la série 2 (programme francophone) se joindront aux autres participants à l’École d’été. Tous les participants doivent inscrire leur premier et second choix sur le formulaire d’inscription. (Pour consulter les descriptions détaillées de la Série A des séances « Boîte à outils », voir la section BOÎTE À OUTILS ci-dessous). SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE « Le Reseau CORPS : Le mercredi 28 juin, 9 h – 10 h 30 À votre service en français! » Anne Meloche, présidente, Réseau CORPS Comité des services en français Hélène McCuaig, consultante, Réseau CORPS Comité des services en français Mario Corbeil, Centre de ressources Meilleur départ SOMMAIRE : Les professionnelles et professionnels en promotion de la santé ont de multiples besoins afin de rejoindre leurs clientèles francophones, autant sur le plan de la communication que sur le plan stratégique. Le Réseau CORPS (Centres ontariens de ressources en promotion de la santé) est en mesure de soutenir les intervenantes et intervenants ainsi que les organismes afin d’offrir des services de qualité aux collectivités. Venez explorer la panoplie de ressources offertes par le Réseau et les stratégies qui visent à développer les capacités en français des organisations faisant partie du Réseau CORPS. Suite à cette session, les participantes et participants pourront : 1. Identifier la mission du Réseau CORPS et ses associations-membres; 2. Explorer les ressources offertes par le Réseau et ses membres; 3. Adapter des ressources pour répondre aux particularités de leur collectivité; 4. Adapter les processus menant à l’amélioration de leur capacité d’offrir des services en français et 5. Découvrir les organismes-clés qui desservent la francophonie en Ontario et au Canada. BIOGRAPHIES : Hélène McCuaig I.A., B.Sc. Inf., M. Ed. (en cours) Professionnelle bilingue avec plus de 20 ans d'expérience dans l'éducation de la santé, œuvrant dans le développement, la réalisation et l’évaluation de nouveaux programmes. Animatrice d'ateliers, de présentations de groupes variés et développement des ressources complémentaires. Formation en gestion des professionnels avec différents niveaux d'éducation. Anne Meloche : Madame Meloche œuvre dans le domaine de la promotion de la santé depuis 10 ans. Elle travaille présentement comme agente de projets au sein du Centre de formation et de consultation (CFC). Le CFC est un centre de ressources de la Stratégie ontarienne de lutte 19
contre le tabac. Elle a œuvré en matière de prévention, protection et cessation du tabac au niveau local, municipal, provincial et international. Elle est aussi consultante indépendante en matière d’abandon du tabac. Madame Meloche agit comme présidente du Comité des services en français du Réseau des Centres ontariens de ressources pour la promotion de la santé. Dans ce rôle, elle participe au développement des capacités de service en français des associations-membres. Mario Corbeil : Maîtrise en santé communautaire et Baccalauréat en nutrition avec quinze15 années d'expérience dans les domaines de la santé et des services sociaux (organismes gouvernementaux - santé publique, CLSC au Québec, ministères variés); fondation privée et organisme en développement international. Intérêt et expertise dans les domaines suivants: services à la petite enfance et maternité; intervention en milieu de la pauvreté et clientèles vulnérables; sécurité alimentaire; développement communautaire; économie sociale; etc. SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE « VIE ACTIVE 2010 : la stratégie en matière du Le mercredi 28 juin, 11h – 12 h 30 sport et de l’activité physique de l’Ontario » Jean- Serge (JS) Bidal, Direction des sports et des loisirs Conseiller en politiques Ministère de la Promotion de la santé de l’Ontario SOMMAIRE : L’impact d’un mode de vie sédentaire sur notre système de santé est troublant. Selon des estimations effectuées en 2001, le fardeau économique associé à la sédentarité est évalué à 1,8 milliard de dollars en dépenses directes et à 1,6 milliard de dollars en dépenses indirectes. De toute évidence, il est grand temps de prendre les mesures qui s’imposent pour réduire la sédentarité. VIE ACTIVE 2010 est la stratégie adoptée par l’Ontario pour encourager l’activité physique et sportive. Élaborée en consultation avec des groupes d’intérêt de toute la province, la stratégie VIE ACTIVE 2010 précise les principales approches stratégiques qui vont nous permettre d’offrir davantage de programmes d’activité physique et sportive dans la collectivité. VIE ACTIVE 2010 est une ambitieuse entreprise. Le Canada se prépare à accueillir les Jeux olympiques d’hiver de 2010 et nous voulons faire en sorte que les athlètes ontariens aient toutes les chances d’entrer dans la compétition au plus haut niveau possible. Il faudra consolider le système sportif dans la collectivité et prendre les mesures nécessaires pour mettre toutes les chances du côté de nos athlètes. Nous avons en outre fixé pour l'an 2010 un objectif tout aussi ambitieux en matière d'activité physique. Grâce à diverses initiatives éducatives et promotionnelles, et à une augmentation des occasions et possibilités d’activité physique au sein des collectivités, nous avons tracé la route pour porter à 55 % le niveau d’activité physique d’ici la fin de la présente décennie. 20
BIOGRAPHIE : Jean-Serge Bidal s’est joint à la fonction publique au mois de mai 2005. Il occupe présentement le poste de conseiller en politiques à la direction des sports et des loisirs, au sein du Ministère de la Promotion de la santé. Avec le Ministère, Jean-Serge participe à plusieurs des programmes et des initiatives de la stratégie VIE ACTIVE 2010, dont le Fonds Collectivités actives, le programme de l’utilisation communautaire des locaux scolaires, et le programme Sport pour tous. De plus, il participe présentement aux efforts de la province en matière de la Politique d’accueil des événements internationaux de sports amateurs, ainsi que le développent du dossier de l’infrastructure municipale et provinciale pour les loisirs et les sports communautaires, ainsi que pour le sport amateur d’Ontario. Avant ce poste, il était Vice-président du développement stratégique pour la compagnie canadienne True Gravity Sports and Entertainment, s’occupant des divisions de représentation d’athlète, dont Mélanie Turgeon, Ben Cahoon, Jennifer Botterill, Stéphanie Dubois, et Pat Quinn, de gestion d’événement dont la Coupe Vanier, et de consultation stratégique pour des organisations tels l’Association des officiels de la ligues nationale de hockey, le temple de la renommée du baseball canadiens et RONA. Jean-Serge a aussi évolué en tant que Directeur des opérations commerciales et du développement pour la fédération de surf des neiges du Canada. Ses responsabilités incluaient les interactions avec les gouvernements, les commanditaires/partenaires, les télédiffuseurs, le comité olympique canadien, ainsi que le bon fonctionnement de la fédération. Son entrée dans le monde du travail commença avec les Expos de Montréal en tant que Coordonnateur des opérations du stade. Jean-Serge possède un baccalauréat spécialisé en commerce avec une spécialisation en administration des sports, de l’Université Laurentienne. Natif de Sudbury, Jean-Serge et sa femme Chantal habite présentement à Whitby. SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE BOÎTES À OUTILS (an anglais) « Boîte à outils – Séries B (en anglais) Le mercredi 28 juin, 13 h 30 – 15 h REMARQUE : Les personnes qui participeront à la série 2 (programme francophone) se joindront aux autres participants à l’École d’été. Tous les participants doivent inscrire leur premier et second choix sur le formulaire d’inscription. (Pour consulter les descriptions détaillées de la Série A des séances « Boîte à outils », voir la section BOÎTE À OUTILS ci-dessous). SÉRIES 2 : PROGRAMME FRANCOPHONE ATELIERS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT PERSONNEL (an anglais) « Séances de développement personnel Le mercredi 28 juin, 15 h 30 – 17 h (en anglais) REMARQUE : Les personnes qui participeront à la série 2 (programme francophone) se joindront aux autres participants à l’École d’été. Tous les participants doivent inscrire leur premier et second choix sur le formulaire d’inscription. (Pour consulter les descriptions détaillées de la Série A des séances « Boîte à outils », voir la section ATELIERS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT PERSONNEL ci-dessous). 21
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