MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI

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MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
Picture: Sony                                    From Technologies to Market

          MicroLED
           Displays:
         Global Trends &
        Opportunities for
         Equipment and
        Material Suppliers

                                                       SEMICON EUROPA
                             Jean-Christophe ELOY - CEO - Yole Développement
                                                                         © 2017
MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
AGENDA

  • Presentation of Yole Développement - From Technologies to Market

  • What Are MicroLED Displays?

  • MicroLED Challenges

  • MicroLED Competitive Landscape

  • MicroLED Applications

  • Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers

  • Conclusion

                                                            ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   2
MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
Presentation of Yole
          Développement
From Technologies to Market

                ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   3
MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
A GROUP OF COMPANIES

                                     M&A operations
                                      Due diligences
                                      www.yolefinance.com

                               Innovation & Business maker
                                       www.bmorpho.com

                                Manufacturing costs analysis
        Market, technology   Teardown and reverse engineering
          and strategy             Cost simulation tools
                                       www.systemplus.fr
           consulting

             www.yole.fr                IP analysis
                                    Patent assessment
                                       www.knowmade.fr

                                   Test & Measurement
                                         Expertise
                                  Research & Innovation
                                         www.piseo.fr
                                                            ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   4
MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
DISPLAY ACTIVITIES: RECENT REPORTS
                                 Available:

Off the shelf
reports and
  custom
  analysis.

                         Visit: www.i-micronews.com
                                                      ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   5
MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
DISPLAY ACTIVITIES: COST MODELING,TEAR DOWN ANALYSIS AND REVERSE COSTING

   Cost
Simulation
  Tools

                                                            ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   6
MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
What Are MicroLED
          Displays?

          ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   7
MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
LCD VS EMISSIVE DISPLAYS

                                                                                                        LCD
                                                                                         Light is generated by an LED
   LCD                                                                                   backlight and goes through a
                                                                   (transistor matrix)
                                                                                         matrix of liquid crystal “light
                                                                                          switches” and colour filters
                                                                                           constituting the individual
                                                                                                    subpixel.

                                                   Encapsulation                                   Emissive

                                                                                          Each sub-pixel is a tiny light
    Emissive                                                                             emitter which brightness can
  (e.g: OLED)                                                                              be individually controlled

                 Illustrations: Ignis Technology
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MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
WHAT IS A MicroLED DISPLAY?

  Self emitting displays (just like OLED) that use individual, small LED chips as the emitters.

                                                       Sorting and Pick and place + hybridization/connection to the transistor matrix that
        Red, Green, Blue LED   Chip singulation
                                                                                   controls individual pixels
              Epiwafers

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MicroLED Displays: Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers - SEMI
POTENTIAL MICROLED BENEFITS

   • Low power consumption.                                                          Large video
                                                                                       displays

   • Perfect black + high brightness =
     High Dynamic Range (contrast).                    Smartwatches
                                                       and wearables                               Sony
                                                                                                                              TV

   • Wide color gamut.
                                                                                                                                 LG

   • Long lifetime, environmental stability.   Virtual reality
                                                                Apple
                                                                                                                                 Smartphones

   • High Resolution/Pixel density.
   • Fast refresh rates.                               Oculus
                                                                                                                                            Samsung

                                                                                                                               Laptops and
   • Wide viewing angles.                          Augmented/Mixed
                                                       Reality
                                                                        MicroLED TV prototype (Sony, CES 2012)                 convertibles

   • Curved/flexible backplanes.                                                                                                          HP
                                                            Microsoft    Automotive                       Tablets

   • Integration of sensors within the                                      HUD

     display front-plane.
                                                                               BMW                          Acer

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SO,THIS IS IT?

        Do we have
          the best
           display
        technology
            ever?

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Challenges

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MICROLED DISPLAY MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES
    While very promising in terms of performance, there are still multiple manufacturing challenges
    that need to be addressed to enable cost effective, high volume manufacturing of µLED Displays.

                                                              Color
                                                            Conversion
                                    Light
                                                                                        Backplane
                               extraction and
                                                                                       hybridization
                                beam shaping

                    Massively
                   Parallel and                                                                              Defect
                 High Accuracy                                                                             Management
                 Pick and Place                                                                             & Testing
                  Technologies

                  LED
              Technology
                                                          LED                                                     Supply Chain
            (epitaxy, chips)                            µDisplays

                                  Multiple challenges need to be tackled to enable the µLED display opportunity

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MICROLED DISPLAY ASSEMBLY

                4K Display (TV, smartphone…): 24.9 million µLED chips

  • Traditional pick and place equipment
    ~ 1000 hours  41 days…
  • Small chip handling (
DEFECT MANAGEMENT

       µLED Yield              Transfer Yield

                              Die not properly
      Epitaxy + chip        picked or placed, or           Combined
      manufacturing:
                       X
                            faulty connection to   =       Defect Rate
    dead or dim µLED               the TFT:                 (in ppm)
           pixel.             missing, dead, or
                             “always-on” pixels.

         99.9%                       99.9%                       20 ppm
         99.99%                     99.99%                       2 ppm
        99.999%                     99.999%                      0.2 ppm

            Most high-end displays are guarantied zero defects
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SUPPLY CHAIN
                                 Large scale µLED displays manufacturing?
                          Bringing together disparate technologies and industries.

          LED Makers                                                          Display Makers

                                        Cultural and technology       • TFT backplanes + LCD/OLED
  • LED epitaxy.
                                                 chasm                  frontplanes
  • Small diameter wafers 4” to 6”
                                                                      • Large substrates (1 to 10 m2)
  • Cleanroom class 10,000 at
                                                                      • Clean room class 100 -1000
    best
                                                                      • Semi-finished products (panels)
  • Produce components / chips
                                                                      • Typical fab CapEx for large
  • Fab CapEx
Competitive Landscape

            ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   17
MICROLED PLAYERS - A LOT OF SMART PEOPLE WORKING ON IT

Increasing activity from all types of companies: display makers, LED makers, semiconductor companies, start ups…

                                                                                                   Patent activity in the field of MicroLED
                             300                              1,570+ patents (500+ patent families*), including 680+ granted patents and 690+ pending patent applications

                                           Patents
                             250           Patent families
                                           Granted patents                                                                                                                                                                         Note: Due to the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   delay between the
    Number of applications

                                                     CREE                       Kansas State University                                                                                                                            filing of patents and
                             200                                                  US6410940 (granted)                                            The second wave of patent filings                                                 the publications by
                                             US6410942 (granted)
                                                                                 GaN microdisk LED with                                          combined to an increase of patent                                                 patent         offices,
                                       Arrays of interconnected LEDs
                                                                                   12µmdiameter and                                                 extensions worldwide is an                                                     usually 18 months,
                                          with individual sizes of less                                                                                                                        Extension of
                                                                                       50µmpitch                                                   indication of the technology
                                         than 30 µm. The purpose of                                                                                                                           priority patents                     the               data
                                                                                                                                                             maturity
                             150        the invention was to improve                                                                                                                                                               corresponding       to
                                           light extraction per unit                                                                                                                                                               the year 2015 and
                                                    surface                                                                                                                                                                        2016 may not be
                                                                                                                                                                                                     105
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   complete         since
                                                                                                                                                                    CAGR
                             100                                                                                         First wave                       48%       2009-2014
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   most patents filed
                                                                                                                    of patent extensions                                                                         87                during these years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   are not published
                                                                                                                                                                                            64                                     yet.
                                                                                                                                                                                     56
                                                                                                                        Extension of
                              50                                                                                                                                                                                         37
                                                                                         Innovation                    priority patents                                    32
                                                                                                                                                                   31
                                                                                           triggers
                                                                                                                       14        13       11               15
                                                                                    8         8        6      6                                    10
                                                                           3
                               0
                                   1996     1997     1998      1999      2000     2001      2002     2003    2004     2005      2006      2007    2008    2009    2010    2011       2012   2013    2014         2015   2016

                                                                                                                    Year of application
                                   *  A patent family is a set of patents filed in multiple countries by a
                                   common inventor(s) to protect a single invention.                                                                                                                        ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays      18
Applications

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HOW DO WE FORECAST?
  • Performance, features
  • Technology requirements
  • Cost requirements
  • Incumbent technologies

                              For each application: SWOT analysis  applications
                                   roadmap  adoptions rates  forecast

                                                             ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   20
SMARTWATCHES: THE LOW HANGING FRUIT?

           Cost
       Small amount of pixels +
             high PPI = low cost

        Technology
                   Getting there

       Performance
     Differentiating improvement
           in power consumption.

       Supply Chain
                                                                Doug Marshall
      ~low volumes / low capex

                                       ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   21
AUGMENTED / MIXED REALITY: A POTENTIAL KILLER APP

            Performance
     Only technology that could deliver the
     high brightness required for outdoor
     applications.

              Technology
       CMOS integration / hybridization
       Color conversions issues

               Cost
     Need
WHAT’S HAPPENING IN THE SHORT TERM?
    2017                          2018                          2019                    2020                              2021

                                         Set up supply chain.
       Finalize technology                Manufacturing of             Test and    First high volume       More high volume
          development                         dedicated                ramp up    consumer products       consumer products ?
                                              equipment

            Remaining technical and manufacturing                                       Niche product only (where µLED
           challenges prove to difficult to overcome.                                 performance are highly differentiating)

               µLED remain too expensive & difficult to manufacture
                  for high volume consumer applications, and or
                                                                                         Crash and burn: no µLEDs displays?
                  incumbent technology keep improving too fast

                                                                                                           ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   23
Opportunities for
Equipment and Material
             Suppliers

            ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   24
REMAINING ROADBLOCKS
                                                  MicroLED chip
                       Epitaxy                                                    Assembly Technologies:           Defect Management                          Others
                                                   architecture:

                 • Need improved         • Many applications require            • Efficiency of massively pick   • Systematic pixel                       • Color
                   wavelength              µLED die size below 10 µm,             & place (P&P) processes          redundancy could increase                conversion:
Technology

                   homogeneity vs          as low as 2 µm. At those sizes,        decrease for larger displays     cost and is not feasible in              need high
                   current                 efficiency is only 1-10% vs. up to     with low pixel densities.        displays with high pixel                 flux
                   standards.              70% for traditional LEDs. At         • Challenging to manipulate        density.                                 resistant
                 • Requires lower          those levels, µLED can’t deliver       die size below 10µm which      • Individual pixel repair is               QDs
                   epi-defects:            on one of their key promises:          are required in most             challenging, can be costly               and/or
                   cleaner substrates.     lower energy consumption.              applications.                    and is not doable with                   nano-
                                                                                                                   monolithic µLED arrays.                  phosphors.

                 • Need improved          • The LED industry's existing         • Challenging alignment and      • Need to develop
                   clean rooms and          infrastructure and                    positioning accuracy             specific testing and
 Manufacturing

                   reactor                  equipment are not                     requirements.                    laser repair tools.
                   cleanliness.             suitable for µLED: requires         • Equipment not available        • Need to develop
                 • Improving                better clean rooms (class             commercially.                    specific electrode
                   homogeneity might        100 or better) + high                                                  deposition tools to
                   require single           resolution lithography                                                 individually connect
                   wafer reactors.          tools (steppers vs mask                                                pixels.
                                            aligners)

                                                                                                                                    ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   25
Conclusion

 ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   26
CONCLUSIONS
                                                                                      Large video
 • MicroLED is inherently more complex                                                  displays

   than OLED and LCD.
                                                        Smartwatches                                                         TV
 • MicroLED won’t      completely    displace           and wearables                               Sony

   OLED and LCD.
                                                                                                                                LG

 • MicroLED could end up dominating a few                        Apple
                                                                                                                               Smartphones
                                                Virtual reality
   niches: wearable,AR/MR/HUD
 • MicroLED could compete with OLED on                                                                                                     Samsung
   the very high end of the market in various           Oculus
                                                                                                                             Laptops and
   other applications…                              Augmented/Mixed      MicroLED TV prototype (Sony, CES 2012)              convertibles
                                                        Reality

 • …or not.
                                                                                                                                        HP
                                                             Microsoft    Automotive                       Tablets
 • In any case, several opportunities among                                  HUD

   the supply chain for equipment and
   material suppliers                                                           BMW                         Acer

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Thank You!

Visit us at booth B1-1434
                       ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays   28
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