Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
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Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
Critères de recherche utilisés pour générer la liste :
Tri Tri par date
Mot-clé "négociation tarifaire"
14 Résultat(s) trouvé(s)
Date de création : 12-07-2022State of play of EU-Australia FTA talks
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 02-12-2020
Auteur BINDER Krisztina
Domaine politique Commerce international
Mot-clé accord commercial (UE) | accord de libre-échange | accès au marché | Australie | commerce international | négociation
d'accord (UE) | négociation internationale | négociation tarifaire | petites et moyennes entreprises
Résumé In May 2018, the Council authorised the Commission to negotiate a free trade agreement (FTA) with Australia.
Negotiations were officially launched in June 2018. Between July 2018 and September 2020, eight negotiation rounds
took place. The first chapter of the prospective EU-Australia FTA, concluded at the technical level, is on small and
medium-sized enterprises. The ninth negotiation round started on 30 November 2020.
En bref EN
Multilateralism in international trade: Reforming the WTO
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 22-10-2018
Auteur HARTE RODERICK EDWARD NOEL
Domaine politique Commerce international
Mot-clé commerce international | négociation tarifaire | Organisation mondiale du commerce | politique commerciale commune
| protectionnisme | relation commerciale | relation multilatérale | États-Unis
Résumé Since its establishment in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has embodied the multilateral trading system.
Despite successes in some areas, including the effective settlement of numerous trade disputes and the conclusion of
new multilateral trade agreements, the WTO currently faces serious challenges to its legitimacy and its effective
functioning. Of particular concern is the US blockage of new appointments to the WTO’s Appellate Body (AB), which
fulfils a key role in the WTO dispute settlement system. This impasse could soon paralyse the practical enforcement of
multilateral trade rules, which would undermine the rules-based system. In addition, certain countries’ contentious
trade practices cannot be addressed under existing WTO rules, and rules on transparency are not fully complied with.
The WTO has also had limited success in adding new issues to its trade agenda, and the 2001 Doha round was
inconclusive. This has led many countries to pursue their own trade agreements outside the WTO’s multilateral
framework. The EU is a key supporter of the multilateral trading system and seeks to address the challenges that the
WTO faces. In September 2018, the Commission published a concept paper on WTO reform, in particular in the areas
of rule-making, regular work and transparency, and dispute settlement. Other countries have also been working on
WTO reform, sometimes together with the EU. A meeting of 13 WTO members, including the EU, to discuss reform
proposals is due to take place in Canada on 24 and 25 October 2018. The European Parliament strongly supports the
multilateral trading system and has expressed its support for efforts to reform the WTO. Parliament’s International
Trade Committee is currently drafting an own-initiative report on the matter. This is a further update of a briefing
published in December 2017.
Briefing EN
How to include ’Mode 5’ services commitments in bilateral free trade agreements and at multilateral
stage?
Type de publication
Étude
Date11-07-2018
Auteur externeMs Marina FOLTEA
Domaine politiqueCommerce international
Mot-cléaccord de libre-échange | biens et services | commerce électronique | conséquence économique | GATS | Internet des
objets | libération des échanges | nouvelle technologie | négociation tarifaire | Organisation mondiale du commerce |
politique commerciale commune | prestation de services | secteur tertiaire | valeur en douane
Résumé Mode 5 refers to services which are incorporated into goods which are then traded across international borders. Unlike
traditional services, Mode 5 services are not subject to the existing international trade regime under the WTO General
Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Rather, they are subject to trade rules under the framework that governs
trade in goods. As a consequence, trade in Mode 5 services is not fully liberalised, even though liberalisation would be
in the best interest of international trade and the European Union. This report explores different avenues for including
Mode 5 service commitments in multilateral trade agreements and free trade agreements, analyzing benefits and
associated challenges. The broad conclusion is that while it may be possible to pursue Mode 5 options at the
multilateral level, the most viable immediate strategy would consist in including such commitments in free trade
agreements between the EU and its trading partners.
Étude EN
12-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 1International Agreements in Progress - EU-Japan trade agreement: a driver for closer cooperation beyond
trade
Type de publication Briefing
Date 09-07-2018
Auteur BINDER Krisztina
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Commerce international
Mot-clé accord commercial (UE) | analyse économique | commerce international | entrave non tarifaire | investissement
étranger | Japon | modes alternatifs de résolution des conflits | négociation d'accord (UE) | négociation tarifaire |
protection des données
Résumé Negotiations on an EU-Japan trade agreement were officially launched in March 2013. Following the political
agreement in principle reached in July 2017, a final accord on the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA)
was announced in December 2017. On 18 April 2018, the European Commission proposed to the Council of the
European Union to sign and conclude the agreement. The Commission expects that the EU-Japan EPA can be signed
in July 2018, and aims to have the agreement come into effect before the end of its mandate in 2019, following
approval by the Council and the European Parliament. The EU-Japan EPA will establish a free trade area with a
combined market of around 640 million consumers that accounts for roughly a third of the world's gross domestic
product (GDP). The 2016 Trade Sustainability Impact Assessment (Trade SIA) of the agreement indicated that EU
exports to Japan could rise by up to 34 %, and according to a more recent Commission estimate, European companies
would save up to €1 billion in customs duties per year as a result of the EU-Japan EPA. In addition to exploiting the
untapped potential of bilateral trade, the agreement is also of strategic importance, conveying a strong message of the
parties' commitment to promoting a free and fair trading system based on rules, and to reject trade protectionism.
[Second] edition. The 'International Agreements in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the
process, from initial discussions through to ratification. To view earlier editions of this briefing, please see: PE 589.828,
7 october 2016.
Briefing EN
Protectionism and international diplomacy
Type de publicationÉtude
Date 25-06-2018
Auteur externe Ms Kamala DAWAR
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Commerce international
Mot-clé Chine | commerce international | dénonciation d'accord | géopolitique | mondialisation | négociation tarifaire |
Organisation mondiale du commerce | politique commerciale | politique commerciale commune | protectionnisme |
relation commerciale | retrait de l’UE | Royaume-Uni | réforme institutionnelle | situation de l'Union européenne |
situation économique | États-Unis
Résumé Just three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall signifying the end of Cold War aggression and the ascendancy of
international liberalism, the world faces even greater uncertainty. In every region of the world, geopolitical shifts are
taking place that have brought offensive trade agendas to the fore. The US has withdrawn from underwriting the post-
World War Two international economic and foreign policy architecture, instead proposing to build a wall between itself
and neighbouring Mexico, imposing unilateral tariff increases while refusing to negotiate new international agreements.
In Europe, the project of ever greater integration has been attacked by Brexit, as well as other populist sentiment
against the perceived power of EU institutions and the forces of globalisation.
The breakdown of the western coalition advocating global governance has left a power vacuum that other key players
such as China are forced to respond to. These current tectonic shifts in power and foreign policy positions impact on
every country and every individual in the early 21st century. While many governments strive to maintain international
cooperation and further integration, it is an unpredictable era. For trade policy has established itself firmly within the
arena of high foreign diplomacy and as a result, traditional assumptions and adherence to international norms can no
longer be assumed in such a state of political and economic flux. Yet when trade policy becomes a tool of diplomacy
and foreign policy, sound economic reasoning can be lost to political decision making.
This report shines a spotlight on the rise of protectionism in the 21st century. It examines the diplomatic dynamics
behind economic nationalism and its attack on the established liberal international institutions that were created after
the second World War to settle disputes without recourse to war. Before focusing on the US, UK, EU and China, the
first chapter centers on the threat to economic integration and cooperation in promoting sustainable development
through the multilateral rules-based system established under the World Trade Organization.
Étude EN
L’Union européenne et l’Organisation mondiale du commerce
Type de publication Fiches thématiques sur l’UE
Date 01-09-2017
Auteur MENDONCA Susana
Domaine politique Commerce international
Mot-clé accord commercial (UE) | arbitrage commercial international | compétence de l'UE | libération des échanges |
négociation tarifaire | Organisation mondiale du commerce | politique commerciale commune | rôle international de
l'UE
Résumé L’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) œuvre pour garantir un système commercial multilatéral fondé sur des
règles. Malgré l’impasse dans laquelle se trouve le cycle de Doha pour le développement, des moyens de répondre
aux nouveaux défis en matière de commerce mondial sont actuellement à l’étude. L’accord sur la facilitation des
échanges de 2013 ouvre la voie à une évolution des règles commerciales de l’OMC. Dans les termes du traité de
Lisbonne, le Parlement légifère conjointement avec le Conseil et joue un rôle important dans l’examen de la politique
commerciale internationale, notamment l’action de l’Union au sein de l’OMC.
Fiches thématiques sur BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, HR, IT, LV, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV
l’UE
12-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 2Research for AGRI Committee - The Interactions between the EU's External Action and the Common
Agricultural Policy
Type de publicationÉtude
Date 07-07-2016
Auteur externe Alan SWINBANK (School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, the UK)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Planification
Mot-clé accord de libre-échange | agriculture durable | aide au développement | aide à l'agriculture | convention ACP-UE |
différend commercial | GATT | négociation tarifaire | Organisation mondiale du commerce | politique agricole commune
| politique commerciale commune | politique européenne de voisinage | préférences généralisées | rapport agriculture-
commerce | réduction des émissions de gaz | échange agricole | élargissement de l'UE
Résumé The CAP has been strongly influenced by the EU’s External Actions. The various Enlargements, and trade policies to
favour its neighbours to both the East and South, and for its former colonies, have left their mark. However it is
external pressures through the GATT/WTO that have had the most defining effect. Current pressures stem from a new
generation of Free Trade agreements, the need to reduce agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions, and to respond to
Brexit.
Étude EN, PL
Importance économique du commerce des services: Document de référence pour les négociations en
vue d'un accord sur le commerce des services (ACS)
Type de publication
Analyse approfondie
Date18-02-2015
AuteurSCHOELLMANN Wilhelm
Domaine politiqueCommerce international
Mot-cléentrave non tarifaire | exportation (UE) | GATS | importation (UE) | libre prestation de services | méthode statistique |
négociation tarifaire | politique commerciale commune | statistique commerciale | statistique économique | échange
commercial
Résumé Cinquante-et-un membres de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) (Australie, Canada, Chili, Taipei chinois,
Colombie, Costa Rica, Hong Kong, Islande, Israël, Japon, Liechtenstein, Mexique, Nouvelle-Zélande, Norvège,
Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Pérou, Corée du Sud, Suisse, Turquie, États-Unis et Union européenne avec ses 28
États membres) tentent, depuis mars 2013, de sortir de l'impasse dans laquelle se trouve le cycle de Doha en ce qui
concerne la libéralisation du commerce des services. Ces pays représentent, ensemble, plus de deux tiers du
commerce mondial des services.
Le secteur des services représente plus de 70 % du PIB de l’Union européenne et d’autres économies développées,
ainsi qu'une part importante du PIB des économies émergentes. Le secteur est également le principal employeur dans
l’Union et d’autres économies avancées. Or, le commerce des services, en proportion du total des échanges
internationaux, se situe bien en deçà de l'importance qu'il revêt dans l’activité économique en général.
La part des services dans l'ensemble des échanges est faible notamment en raison de leur nature peu échangeable,
de la sous-estimation, dans les statistiques, de leur importance dans l'ensemble des échanges, dans la balance des
paiements, et des obstacles à leur commerce.
Les responsables politiques prennent des mesures en matière de commerce des services afin de renforcer la
protection des consommateurs, de lutter contre les défaillances du marché et d'assurer une position favorable en
actions. Dans le même temps, les obstacles au commerce imposés par les gouvernements peuvent réduire l’efficacité
et l’éventail des services fournis. Étant donné que les services sont indispensables pour assurer le bon fonctionnement
de l’économie et qu'ils jouent un rôle de plus en plus important dans la facilitation des échanges internationaux de
marchandises, les restrictions imposées à leur commerce peuvent réduire la compétitivité internationale d'une
économie.
Le calcul des droits de douane équivalents pour les mesures non tarifaires et la compilation des indices sur le
caractère restrictif des échanges de services permettent de comparer les mesures non tarifaires entre les pays et
servent de référence pour les gouvernements et les négociateurs lorsque ceux-ci envisagent de renégocier le cadre
régissant le commerce international des services.
Analyse approfondie DE, EN, FR
The European Union’s Trade Policy, Five Years After the Lisbon Treaty
Type de publicationAnalyse approfondie
Date 03-03-2014
Auteur BENDINI Roberto
Domaine politique Commerce international
Mot-clé accord (UE) | accès au marché | contrat public | libération des échanges | négociation tarifaire | politique commerciale
commune | politique d'investissement | préférences généralisées | relation commerciale | traité de Lisbonne |
transparence du processus décisionnel
Résumé Despite the global economic crisis of 2008 and the spectacular rise of new emerging powers, the European Union (EU)
remains one of the world's leading economies.
The EU's trade policy has fundamentally changed in recent years. One of the founding and most influential members of
the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the EU has been compelled to acknowledge that the multilateral approach that it
had adopted for many years has not yielded genuine progress. In response, the EU launched a new strategy to
combine its multilateral approach with renewed efforts to forge bilateral trade deals.
The traditionally technocratic approach of the EU’s trade policy was radically changed by the entry into force of the
Lisbon Treaty in 2009; with this treaty, the Commission lost its unilateral control in the domain, while the European
Parliament gained an important voice.
Analyse approfondie EN
12-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 3WTO Back on Track After Bali
Type de publication Briefing
Date 11-12-2013
Auteur BENDINI Roberto
Domaine politique Commerce international
Mot-clé accord commercial | accès au marché | commerce international | contingent tarifaire | marché de services | négociation
tarifaire | pays moins développé | produit originaire | simplification des formalités | échange agricole
Résumé An agreement on trade reached through the World Trade Organisation in Bali will likely reduce global trading costs by
10-15 %. Red tape is likely to be substantially reduced. While the deal includes some new provisions on agriculture,
the issue remains a thorny one among negotiating parties. The package also includes concessions on market access
for developing countries. The Bali ministerial meeting marked good progress, but there remains much to be done
before the WTO can conclude the Doha Development Round. The global trading system has changed since the Doha
round was initiated, and this should be taken into account.
Briefing EN
Modernisation des instruments de défense commerciale : première évaluation de l'analyse d'impact de la
Commission européenne
Type de publication Briefing
Date 14-10-2013
Auteur BALLON Elke
Domaine politique Commerce international | Évaluation de l''impact ex ante
Mot-clé clause de sauvegarde | clause sociale | commerce international | coopération commerciale | mesure antidumping |
négociation tarifaire | Organisation mondiale du commerce | politique commerciale commune | restriction à
l'importation | étude d'impact
Résumé La présente note a pour objectif de fournir une première analyse des points forts et des faiblesses de l'analyse
d'impact (AI) de la Commission européenne accompagnant sa proposition relative à un règlement du Parlement
européen et du Conseil modifiant le règlement (CE) n° 1225/2009 du Conseil relatif à la défense contre les
importations qui font l'objet d'un dumping de la part de pays non membres de la Communauté européenne et le
règlement (CE) n° 597/2009 du Conseil relatif à la défense contre les importations qui font l'objet de subventions de la
part de pays non membres de la Communauté européenne (COM(2013) 192 final). Cette proposition a été présentée
le 10 avril 2013 et vise à moderniser la politique de défense commerciale de l'Union européenne afin de la rendre apte
à affronter les nouveaux défis qui se font jour dans le domaine du commerce international.
Il s'agit de déterminer si l'analyse d'impact respecte les principaux critères établis dans les lignes directrices de la
Commission concernant l'analyse d'impact et les autres paramètres définis par le Parlement européen dans son guide
pratique des analyses d'impact. Elle n'a pas vocation à examiner le contenu de la proposition. La présente note est
élaborée à des fins d'information et de mise en contexte afin d'offrir une assistance plus large aux commissions
parlementaires et aux députés dans leurs travaux.
Briefing DE, EN, FR
Proceedings of the Workshop on "Towards a Reform of the EU's Trade Defence Instruments (TDI)?"
Type de publication Analyse approfondie
Date 08-08-2013
Auteur externe Edwin VERMULST (World Trade Institute, Bern, Switzerland , IELPO, Barcelona, Spain) and Jacques BOURGEOIS
(College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium)
Domaine politique Commerce international | Protection des consommateurs
Mot-clé clause de sauvegarde | clause sociale | commerce international | coopération commerciale | division internationale du
travail | mesure antidumping | négociation tarifaire | Organisation mondiale du commerce | politique commerciale
commune | restriction à l'importation
Résumé Proceedings of the workshop on "Towards a Reform of the EU's Trade Defence Instruments (TDI)?", held on 18
December 2012 in Brussels.
Analyse approfondie EN
12-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 4Trade and Economic Relations with Japan : Assessing the Hurdles to the FTA
Type de publicationAnalyse approfondie
Date 26-06-2012
Auteur ARMANOVICA Marika
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Commerce international
Mot-clé accord de libre-échange | balance commerciale | investissement public | Japon | négociation tarifaire | situation
économique | séisme
Résumé Japan's recent economic performance is generally described as unattractive, particularly when compared to its growth
twenty years ago. Yet perhaps the glass is half-full rather than half-empty: the Japanese economy still ranks third in
the world after the US and China, living standards are high, and the country has recovered well from the 2011
earthquake, given the scale of the disaster.
Yet Japan faces tremendous challenges, including economic stagnation, a high fiscal deficit and an ageing population.
The 2011 catastrophe undermined the revitalisation programme that had been launched, although it also created a
sense of urgency to move forward with reforms.
Opening the country to competition from the outside is integral to its rebirth strategy, and the free trade agreement
(FTA) with the EU would contribute to that opening. Though consultations on the ambition of the accord have been
finalised, its success is uncertain. A number of stakeholders in the EU are sceptical of the benefits and of Japan's
readiness to implement commitments, especially on non-tariff barriers. Yet others believe that if Europe postpones the
process at a moment when it faces economic slowdown, the delay will send a negative signal to a country that is an
important trade partner and investor.
Analyse approfondie EN
The EU and the WTO Dispute Settlement Procedure as Applied to Agriculture
Type de publication Étude
Date 01-01-2000
Auteur externe O'Connor and Company, Brussels
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Commerce international
Mot-clé arbitrage commercial international | différend commercial | négociation tarifaire | Organe de règlement des différends |
organisation internationale | politique agricole commune | règlement intérieur | échange agricole
Résumé This report examines the impact of the WTO dispute settlement system on the CAP. Other WTO Agreements (in
particular the agreement on agriculture, the agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and
the agreement on technical barriers to trade) have more direct impact on the CAP. These agreements have set out the
Community's main negotiated commitments in this sector. The dispute settlement procedure merely interprets and
clarifies these commitments and their implementation.
Étude EN
12-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 5You can also read
