Liquid Courage: Alcohol & Hazing - Susie Bruce, M.Ed. Director, Gordie Center University of Virginia
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Gordie Bailey
Liquid Courage:
Alcohol & Hazing
Susie Bruce, M.Ed.
Director, Gordie Center
University of Virginia
Gordie’s Story
BAC = .328
Gordie’s death was
entirely
preventable
Zach Dunlevy George Desdunes Bea Castro Noah Domingo Carson Starkey
“There wasn't a single alcohol death before
1940. Now, it's one of the most major [causes
of hazing-related deaths].
5
--- Hank Newer
Since September 2004:
- 76 deaths from hazing
- 50 (66%) were alcohol-
related
Adam Oakes Hank Nuwer, “As Campus Life Resumes, So Does Concern Over Hazing”. NPR, 4 May 2021 "Hazing deaths on American college Stone Foltz
campuses remain far too common". The Economist. 13 October 2017. https://www.hanknuwer.com/
What do staff/ advisors need to know about student drinking?
69% of students witnessed unhealthy
alcohol use in the past year.
National College Student Bystander Intervention Study Data Summary Report (2020). WITH US Center for Bystander Intervention at Cal Poly. N=4,063
“Acts of unhealthy alcohol use/misuse”
witnessed by college students.
Binge drinking 71%
Drinking games 68%
Vomiting from alcohol use 66%
Using other drugs with alcohol 55%
Blackouts 52%
Passing out 35%
Physical risk taking by intoxicated persons 27%
Drinking as part of a group initiation 25%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Percent of students reponding yes
National College Student Bystander Intervention Study Data Summary Report (2020). WITH US Center for Bystander Intervention at Cal Poly. N=2,790
33% of full-time college students (ages 18 to 22) reported hazardous drinking in the past month vs. 28% of same age peers SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Table 6.21B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Gender: Percentages, 2018 and 2019.
Student-Athlete Alcohol Use:
Past Year by NCAA Division
Division I Division II Division III
86
85
84
82 83
Percent of student-athletes
82
81
80
82
79
78
76
78
75
74 74
72
70
68
2009 2013 2017
NCAA National Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2009, 2013, 2017Student-Athlete Use in the Last Year by Race/Ethnicity (2017)
Alcohol Marijuana
90%
83%
80% 78%
72% 72% 71%
70% 67%
59% 60%
% of Student-Athletes
60%
50%
40%
30% 26% 28%
24% 25% 24% 24% 23%
20%
20%
10%
0%
American Indian Asian or Asian Black or African Hispanic or Native Hawaiian White Multiracial Other
or Alaska Native American American Latino or Pacific
Islander
NCAA National Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2017 2017 NCAA National Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-AthletesWhich groups are at greater risk? Students who are: - young (< 20 years of age) - affiliated with fraternities/ sororities are more likely to visit the emergency department with alcohol intoxication. Ngo DA, Ait-Daoud N, Rege SV, Ding C, Gallion L, Davis S. et al. (2018). Differentials and trends in emergency department visits due to alcohol intoxication and co-occurring conditions among students in a U.S. public university. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 183: 89-95
What do students need to know about alcohol?
Alcohol’s Impact
5 drinks in 3 hours
200 lb male = 0.05 BAC
120 lb female = 0.14 BAC
©2014-2021 Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia and its Gordie Center. This image or any portion thereof may not be
reproduced without written permission.
On average, it takes nearly 3
hours for most people
to eliminate the alcohol in 2
drinks.
©2014-2021 Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia and its Gordie Center. This image or any portion thereof may not be reproduced without written permission.The Anticipatory Response
Tolerance is
SituationalNew environment =
no anticipatory response
Tolerance is
SituationalAlcohol and hazing
“Participating in a drinking game” was the most
frequently reported hazing behavior among college
students (26%).
Tied for third was “drinking large
amounts of alcohol to the point
of getting sick or passing out.”
(12%)
Allan, E.J. and Madden, M. (2008) Hazing
in View: College Students at RiskHazing Behavior: Participation in drinking games
Varsity athletics 54%
Social fraternity or sorority 53%
Club sport 41%
Intramural team 28%
Service fraternity or sorority 26%
Performing arts group 23%
Recreation club 20%
Academic club 10%
Honor society 5%
Allan, E.J. and Madden, M. (2008) Hazing
in View: College Students at Risk 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%26% of college
students witnessed
hazing in the past
year.
71% said alcohol
rituals were
involved.
National College Student Bystander Intervention Study Data
Summary Report (2020). WITH US Center for Bystander
Intervention at Cal Poly. N = 3.041, N=789National College Student Bystander Intervention Study Data Summary Report (2020). WITH US Center for Bystander Intervention at Cal Poly.
A person cannot consent when intoxicated.
Even small amounts of alcohol impair judgment .. increasing the chances students will engage in risky behaviors they would never do when sober.
Intoxication increases the power differential between hazers and those being hazed.
Alcohol use can heighten anxiety about the unknown aspects of hazing.
Liquid Courage Current group members may use alcohol to reduce feelings of guilt or shame for engaging in or allowing hazing activities.
Students have limited knowledge of: • standard drink measures • situational tolerance • signs of overdose Alcohol use: • Impacts consent • impairs judgment • increases risk of physical & emotional harm. • increases power differential • increases anxiety • perceived to decrease guilt or shame for hazers
Prevention Toolbox
Bystander Intervention
believe students should say or do something when fellow students engage in unhealthy alcohol use.
How students help in alcohol situations:
Stayed with an intoxicated student to make sure they were ok 64%
Helped them get home safely 60%
Periodically checked on a passed out/vomiting student to make sure they
were ok 56%
Took care of a student sick from alcohol use 42%
Intervened to keep them from using more drugs or alcohol 32%
Got other peers to keep them from harming themselves or others 20%
Used the "BACCHUS maneuver" so they wouldn't choke on their vomit 13%
Put a backpack on them so they couldn't roll over 7% This is DANGEROUS and should be discouraged
Told an authority (parent, resident advisor, police, coach, etc.) 4%
Got medical attention: thought they had alcohol poisoning 4%
0%
National College Student Bystander Intervention Study Data Summary Report (2020). WITH US Center for Bystander Intervention at Cal10%
Poly. N=2,790 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%What makes it hard to intervene in alcohol situations? Responses of 537 college students
52% of students encountered a “severely intoxicated” student.
12% got help.
41% “thought about calling 911 or taking the student to the ER, but did not.”
Not sure the student was sick enough 52%
I sought help in other ways 26%
Someone else called 21%
I didn't want to get the student in trouble 12%
I didn't want to attract police attention 9%
I was unsure what to do 7%
I didn't think it was my place 7%
I didn't want to get an organization in trouble 4%
I didn't want to get myself in trouble 3%
2008 UVA Health Behaviors Survey, n=1017 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%l4 Mentimeter
ec
BREATHING
UNRESPONSIVE
to pinching or shaking B is irregular, slow,
shallow, or has stopped
PUKING
while
p s SKIN
is blue, cold,
passed out or clammy
*UNSURE? * I• See even one?
Save a life.
Call Poison Control
Watch on DYouTube
·-800- Call 911!
'
PUBS signs of overdose
•
DBAC can continue to rise
even after someone
passes out.Pledge to Check
• Check for PUBS signs
• Call 911 if even ONE sign is
present
• Encourage others to learn PUBS
Be a voice for someone who may
not have one.
©2014-2021 Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia and its Gordie Center.
This image or any portion thereof may not be reproduced without written permission.Impact of Coordinated
PUBS Campaign:
https://youtu.be/2t_Whr3hDH0
44% of incoming freshmen knew
PUBS signs in August.
85% of freshmen knew PUBS
©2014-2021 Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia and its Gordie Center.
This image or any portion thereof may not be reproduced without written permission.
signs in October.
Source: UVA Alcohol-Wise data (2014) collected pre-matriculation and 8 weeks after semester began. N = 3,282Medical Amnesty
Policies (MAP)
% of students who would be more
willing to call for help if campus had
a MAP
National College Student Bystander Intervention Study Data Summary Report (2020). WITH US Center for Bystander Intervention at Cal Poly. N=2,631Medical Amnesty Impact
Implementing a MAP
does NOT increase:
• drinking or
• problems from
drinking.
Students are MORE likely
to contact RAs in the
event of an emergency.
Haas, et. al., Evaluating the Effectiveness of a
Medical Amnesty Policy Change on College
Students' Alcohol Consumption, Physiological
Consequences, and Helping Behaviors. J Stud
Alcohol Drugs. 2018 Jul;79(4):523-531.#1 reason
students
help:
It's the
right thing
to do
Step UP! Bystander Intervention Program Pilot Survey
(2006).20% off till
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