Knowledge Organiser 1 - Kettering Buccleuch Academy
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United Learning Kettering Buccleuch Academy
® The best in everyone TM
2020-2021
Y9
Knowledge
Organiser 1
MID-YEAR ASSESSMENTS
September 2020 to January 2021
Name:
Tutor Group:
Tutor & Room:
“If you are not willing to learn, no one can help you.
If you are determined to learn, no one can stop you.” 1
Contents Your Knowledge Organiser You MUST bring your
Knowledge Organiser and Self-
Quizzing Book to EVERY lesson
1. Your Knowledge Organiser and Self-Quizzing Book 23. History The Causes of WW1
and Self-Quizzing Book and place it on your desk at
the beginning of each lesson.
2. How do I complete Knowledge Organiser homeworks? 24. History Reasons for Germany’s surrender
You MUST keep all of your
3. Literacy Fundamentals 25. IT Critical Success Factor United Learning Kettering Buccleuch Academy Knowledge Organisers Knowledge Organisers and
® The best in everyoneTM 2020 - 2021
4. Literacy Fundamentals 26. IT The Project Life Cycle Knowledge Organisers contain critical, Self-Quizzing Books because
fundamental knowledge that you MUST the fundamental knowledge
5. Whole Academy Reading - To Kill a Mockingbird 27. Literacy Up-levelling your writing
Y9
Knowledge required in Year 9 will also be
Organiser 1 know in order to be successful in Year 9
6. Whole Academy Reading - To Kill a Mockingbird 28. Literacy High-frequency words required in years 10 and 11.
MID-YEAR ASSESSMENTS and subsequent years.
7. Whole Academy Reading - To Kill a Mockingbird 29. Mathematics Place value, Square numbers etc... September 2020 to January 2021
Name:
They will help you recap, revisit and revise Knowledge Organisers are
8. Whole Academy Reading - To Kill a Mockingbird 30. Mathematics Rounding to significant figures Tutor Group:
NOT a replacement for revision
Tutor & Room:
what you have learnt in lessons in order
9. Art The formal elements, colour theory etc… 31. Mathematics Compound Measures to move the knowledge within from your guides but they include the
10. Art Key Terms 32. Music Film Music and Musical Theatre
PB
“If you are not willing to learn, no one can help you.
If you are determined to learn, no one can stop you.” 1 short-term memory to long-term memory. fundamental knowledge that
ALL students in Year 9 require.
11. Drama Commedia Dell’Arte 33. Music Fusions
12. Drama Keywords 34. PE Cardiorespiratory System
13. English The Literary Timeline 35. PE Muscoskeletal System
14. English Of Mice and Men 36. PRE Creation Self-Quizzing Book
15. English The Crucible 37. PRE Evil and Suffering This is the book that all Knowledge
16. English Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche 38. Science Reactivity 9CR Organiser homework is to be
completed in.
17. French Structures, sentence starters, tenses… 39. Science Matter 9PM1
18. French Key vocab per module 40. Science Forces in Action 9PM You must follow the simple rules as
19. Geography Climate Change 41. Science Plants, Photosynthesis and Respiration 9BP & 9BB to how they are to be used.
20. Geography Newly Emerging Economies 42. Spanish Structures, sentence starters, tenses…
21. German Structures, sentence starters, tenses… 43. Spanish Key vocab per module
22. German Key vocab per module
2 1
How do I complete Knowledge Organiser homeworks? Can I write in paragraphs? I am proud of my work because... Can I use different sentence types?
The TIPTOP rule • I have written clearly so that my reader Simple sentences: Contains a subject and a verb and
You will be set a MINIMUM of 2 Knowledge Organiser homeworks in every subject each half term can understand my writing easily. can contain an object.
You move onto a new paragraph when you • I have checked my spelling and • Sarah likes to read in the library.
change Time, Place, Topic or Person. • Tom enjoys reading at home.
corrected any errors.
• I have used full sentences with a subject Compound sentences: Joins two simple sentences
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 1. I always start an essay with an introduction
which addresses the question.
and a verb. using the connectives: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
• I have used correct punctuation and • Sarah likes to read in the library but Tom
Check SMHW and identify what words/ Write today’s date and the title from your Write out the keywords/definitions/facts you grammar. prefers to read at home.
2. I finish an essay with a conclusion to
definitions/facts you have been asked to Knowledge Organiser. have been set from SMHW in FULL. summarise the main points of my argument • I have paragraphed my work using TIPTOP.
learn. and to address the question again. Complex sentences: A complex sentence contains
• My writing is suitable for the person I am a conjunction such as because, since, after, although,
3. I use connectives in each paragraph to link writing for. or when.
my ideas and to put them in a logical order. • Because Robert felt tired, he only studied for
an hour.
Furthermore But Meanwhile Can I spell familiar words accurately? • Although the rain had stopped, the pitch was still
Whereas Since Nonetheless water-logged.
Nevertheless Yet However • Paul enjoys Music, however, he is more
Common contractions proficient in Art.
Alternatively Therefore Although
Consequently Besides Moreover We must use an apostrophe to replace any letter(s)
we have left out. Homophones
11 o’clock How’s They’d Where’ll I have checked that I have not mixed up my
Have I used the correct grammar? Aren’t I’d They’ll Where’s homophones.
Can’t I’ll They’re Who’d Affect/effect One/won
STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6 I am aware that I must use language that is
Couldn’t I’m Wasn’t Who’ll Bare/bear Passed/past
appropriate to my reader.
Cover the definitions in your SELF-QUIZZING Cover up ALL the definitions/facts and Check your answers and correct where Didn’t Isn’t We’d Who’s Brake/break Peace/piece
BOOK, apart from the first. Read it, Cover it, write them out from memory in your required. Repeat Steps 4 to 6 until you are • No slang that lesson was bangin’ Doesn’t It’d We’ll Why’d Buy/by Practice (n)/practise (v)
Say it in your head, check it… REPEAT until SELF-QUIZZING BOOK. confident. • No informal language I’m gonna do my
Don’t It’ll We’re Why’ll For/four Read/red
confident. homework now
Hadn’t It’s Weren’t Why’s Flour/flower Sea/see
You will be tested on the words/definitions/ Other things to consider: Hasn’t Mightn’t What’d Won’t Grate/great Sight/site
facts as a starter activity in your lesson on
I am clear about the purpose of this
the day that the homework is due. Haven’t Mustn’t What’ll Wouldn’t Hair/hare Son/sun
piece of writing
He’d Shan’t What’s You’d Hole/whole To/too/two
I know who my audience is
This will be completed in your normal He’ll She’d When’d You’ll Hour/our Wait/weight
I will use a suitable layout and text type
exercise book and you will mark it in class. He’s She’ll When’ll You’re Knight/night Weak/week
How’d She’s When’s Know/no Wear/where
Literacy Fundamentals
How’ll Shouldn’t Where’d Meat/meet
1 of 2
2 3
Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville, Black people were originally brought from Africa to America during the 1
Alabama, a sleepy small town similar in many ways to Maycomb, centuries. They were forcibly transported across the Atlantic in slave ship
Whole
the setting Academy Reading
of T o Kill a Mockingbird . Like Atticus Finch, the father and sold as slaves to work on sugar and cotton plantations in the Caribbe
Basics:
• Every sentence must start with a capital letter.
Can I use punctuation? Apostrophe for Possession
(To show that something belongs to another)
1 of 4
of Scout, the narrator and protagonist of T o Kill a Mockingbird,
Lee’s father was a lawyer. Lee maintains that To Kill a Mockingbird
To Kill a Mockingbird - Context
states of north America. They had no rights and were seen by their white
• Every sentence must finish with some form of
The Apostrophe
If a single thing/person owns anything,
than animals or machines. Even after the abolition of slavery in 1865, bla
I always aim to use apostrophes correctly. was intended to portray not her own childhood home but rather a almost powerless. White people had too much to lose to allow black peo
punctuation: .?! add an apostrophe + ‘s’.
nonspecific Southern town. Harper
“PeopleLee
are people anywhere you put American slavery
• Proper nouns need capital letters. These are There are two main reasons why we use apostrophes: for • The dog’s bone was equal: black people had the worst of everything while white people
unique people, places or things e.g. there are possession and to replace a letter or letters • The boy’s homework them,” she declared in a 1961 interview.
Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville, laws
Black operated
people between
were originally 1877
brought from- Africa
the mid 1960s.during the 17th, 18th
to America
many cities so ‘city’ doesn’t take a capital • Jones’s bakery To Kill a Mockingbird - Context
and 19th centuries. They were forcibly transported across the Atlantic in slave ships
Note: Apostrophes are NEVER used to denote plurals Alabama, a Lee
sleepy small town similar in many ways to slavery (in which many died) and sold as slaves to work on sugar and cotton plantations in
letter. However there is only one London, • Yesterday’s lesson Harper American
therefore it takes a capital letter. Maycomb, the setting of To Kill a Mockingbird. Like Atticus theSuch
Caribbeanwas andthe the
hatredsouthernof black
states of people by white
north America. Theypeople - especially
had no rights and during t
Indicates that a sentence has
However, if it is plural (more than one), an Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville,
• When writing titles of works such as books, films Full stop . finished apostrophe comes after the ‘s’. Finch, the father of Scout, the narrator and protagonist ofBlack people were originally
Alabama, a sleepy small town similar in many ways to Maycomb,
were seen
the
brought
1930s,
from white
by their Africa to
when
Americaas
owners
money
during
littlethe
was more17th,than
tight
18thanimals
for
and 19th or machines. Even after
everyone - that it was common for
centuries. They were forcibly
the transported
abolition across the
of slavery in Atlantic in slave people
1865, black ships (in which
weremanystill died)
almost powerless. White
or plays: To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee’s
the setting of T o Kill father .was
a Mockingbird a lawyer.
Like Atticus Lee
Finch, the maintains
father
• Capitalise the first word
Indicates a slight pause in a
• The dogs’ bones
of a
Scout, the narrator and protagonist of T o to
Kill portray
a Mockingbird,
lynched
and sold as slaves to work
people on sugar and
had or
too hanged
cotton
much to by
plantations
lose to a mob
in the
allow well
Caribbean
black into
and
people the
the southern
any 20th
rights. century
Nothing was - so there
equal: was go
sentence, separates clauses in • The boys’ homework that To Kill Mockingbird was intended not her states
ownof north America. They had no rights and were seen by their white owners as little more
• Capitalise any main/important words Comma , a complex sentence and items • Joneses’ bakeries (lots of Jones families)
childhood
Lee’s father was a lawyer. Lee maintains that To Kill a Mockingbird than animals or machines. sit
black outside
Even after thethe
people had thejail
abolition ofto
worst of protect
slavery in 1865, Tom
everything whileRobinson
black people were still before his trial. In the 1930s,
white people had the best. Jim
was home but
intended to rather
portray not heraown
non-specific
childhood home Southern
but rather a town. Crowpeople
almost powerless. White laws had
operated
too muchbetween 1877black
to lose to allow - thepeople
mid 1960s.
any rights. Nothing
• Don’t capitalise minor words such as in a list • Many websites’ content is educational
“People nonspecific
are people anywhere
Southern you
town. “People are put
peoplethem,”
anywhereshe declared
you put population of Southern towns were black, they had no vote and could no
was equal: black people had the worst of everything while white people had the best. Jim Crow
‘and’, ‘of’ or ‘the’ e.g. The Sound of Music,
Question mark ? Goes at the end of a question
them,” she declared in a 1961 interview.
in a 1961 interview. Such
laws operated between policy
was
1877 of
midsegregation
the
- the 1960s. of blackmeant
hatred people that
by black
white people
people had to during
- especially have the
their own sch
The Wizard of Oz, Harry Potter and the Great Depression of the 1930s, when money was tight for everyone - that it was
Goblet of Fire Goes at the end of a dramatic
There/their/they’re their own football teams, even their own cemeteries. In the novel, Scout
Such was the hatredcommon
of black people by white
for black people -to
people especially during the
be lynched Great Depression
or hanged by a mob of well into the 20th
Exclamation
• When writing speech:
mark
! sentence to show surprise or Note: special care must be taken over the use of with Aunt Alexandra for attending Calpurnia’s church. Tom Robinson’s fr
the 1930s, when money was tight for everyone - that it was common for black people to be
century - so there was good reason for Atticus to sit outside the jail to protect Tom
lynched or hanged by a mob well into the 20th century - so there was good reason for Atticus to
shock there, their and they’re as they sound the same but
Go to a new line when a different
are used quite differently: the courthouse after the whites and have to sit up in the balcony, away f
sit outside the jail toRobinson
protect Tom before
Robinsonhisbefore
trial. In
histhe
trial.1930s, although
In the 1930s, 50%50%
although of of
the thepopulation of Southern
person speaks e.g. “Good morning” said Shows that letter(s) have been population of Southern towns were
towns wereblack, they
black, they hadhad no and
no vote vote and
could notcould not marry
marry whites. The whites. The policy of
Apostrophe ‘ left out or indicates possession • There shows position Your seat is over there
the Headteacher. policy of segregation segregation meant
meant that black peoplethat black
had to people
have their own had totheir
schools, have owntheir own schools, their own
churches,
• Their shows that ‘they’ own something Their blazers their own football teams, even their
churches, theirown
owncemeteries.
footballInteams,
the novel, Scout
even andown
their Jem get into trouble In the novel, Scout
cemeteries.
“It’s the afternoon!” replied the student. Indicate direct speech, the
are navy blue with Aunt Alexandraand for attending
Jem getCalpurnia’s church.
into trouble TomAunt
with Robinson’s friends and
Alexandra for family file intoCalpurnia’s church.
attending
Each person’s speech is marked with Speech marks “” exact words spoken or being
the courthouse after the whites and have to sit up in the balcony, away from the white people.
speech marks e.g. “Walk on the left”
quoted • They’re is short for they are as in They’re revising The
Tom Great friends
Robinson’s Depression
and family file into the courthouse after the whites and
every day have to sit up in the balcony, away from the white people.
said Mr Mathews. Colon :
Introduces a list, a statement or
a quote in a sentence
In late 1929 the economic prosperity of the 1920s came to an end with t
The Great Depression
followed by the Great Depression. The economic boom of the 1920s rest
The Great Depression
Separates two sentences Its In late 1929 the economic prosperity of the 1920s came to an end with the Wall Street Crash
Semicolon ; that are related and of equal Note: its, which shows that something owns something foundation; there was such an unequal distribution of income between t
In late
followed by the Great 1929 the
Depression. economic
The economic boom prosperity
of the 1920s ofrested
the 1920s came to an end with the Wall
on a fragile
Can I spell accurately? importance
(like our, his etc), does not take an apostrophe: the Street
foundation; there was suchCrash followed
an unequal by the
distribution Greatbetween
of income Depression.
the richThe
when things started to falter, there were not enough people to buy good and economic
the poor that boom of the 1920s
Separates extra information when things startedrested
to falter,
onthere were not
a fragile enough people
foundation; to buywas
there goods and an
such services to keepdistribution of income
unequal
dog ate its bone and we ate our dinner.
1. Sound out the word 6. Look it up in a dictionary/
Dash / hyphen - from the main clause by the economy in a healthy state. Rural, southern towns in the United Stat
the economy in a healthy
between state.the
Rural, southern
rich and thetowns in thethat
poor United
whenStatesthings
were hit hard because
started to falter, there were not
holding words apart they were largely reliant on agriculture. Problems with the economy had a flow-on effect to all
2. Think about how it looks spellchecker
Can be used like dashes, they
they were largely reliant on agriculture. Problems with the economy had
enough people to buy goods and services to keep the economy in a healthy
parts of society. People lost jobs, marriages broke down, banks failed, people became homeless,
7. Ask a friend or teacher state. Rural, southern towns inand themany
United States
wentwere hitThis
hard because they were
3. Think about a similar word
Brackets () separate off extra information Your/you’re parts of society. People lost jobs, marriages broke down, banks failed, pe
businesses folded, birth rates fell, people got depressed people hungry.
4. Is there a memory sentence 8. To learn it: look, cover, write, from the main clause largely
explains the situation of poorreliant
farmerson likeagriculture.
the Cunninghams Problems
in To Killwith the economy
a Mockingbird who have had
no a flow-on effect to
for this word? (e.g. big
check
To show a passage of time, to
Note: special care must be taken over the use of your businesses folded, birth rates fell, people got depressed and many peopl
all parts
money to pay a lawyer but payofinstead
society.
withPeople losthickory
produce like jobs, marriages
nuts and turnip broke
greens.down,
As banks failed, people
9. Once you’ve solved it, add and you’re as they sound the same but are used quite Atticus says, 'The Cunninghams are country folks,
became homeless, farmers,folded,
businesses and the crash
birthhitrates
them fell,
hardest’.
people got depressed and
elephants cannot always
the correct spelling to your
Ellipsis ... hook the reader in and create
suspense differently: explains the situation of poor farmers like the Cunninghams in To Kill a M
many people went hungry. This explains the situation of poor farmers like the
use small exits)
Page 3 money toinpay a alawyer
Year 9:but pay
who instead with produce like hickory nuts an
own word bank.
5. Find the word in a list – • Your is possessive as in this is your pen Whole Academy Reading 1 of 2 Cunninghams To Kill Mockingbird
September have no money
to January to pay a lawyer but
payAtticus says, 'The Cunninghams areturnip
country folks, farmers, and the crash
• Key words list
Literacy Fundamentals • You’re is short for you are as in you’re coming over instead with produce like hickory nuts and greens. As Atticus says, ‘The
• Frequently used words list to my house Cunninghams are country folks, farmers, and the crash hit them hardest’.
• Your own word bank
2 of 2
4 Whole Academy Reading 1 of 2 Page 3 Year 9: Septemb
5Whole Academy Reading Whole Academy Reading
2 of 4 To Kill a Mockingbird - Characters
3 of 4 To Kill a Mockingbird - Vocabulary List
Ch
Scout Jem 1/2 Apothecary
One who prepares and sells
medicines
5/6 Benign
Compassionate; incapable
of causing harm
9-11 Antagonised
Created an enemy or an
antagonist
1/2 Assuaged Made less severe or 5/6 Bewilderment Condition of being 9-11 Articulate To speak clearly and in
• The narrator and protagonist of the story. Jean Louise “Scout” Finch lives • Scout’s brother and constant playmate at the beginning of the story.
with her father, Atticus, her brother, Jem, and their black cook, Calpurnia, • Jeremy Atticus “Jem” Finch is something of a typical American boy, refusing to burdensome confused distinct syllables
in Maycomb. back down from dares and fantasising about playing football. 1/2 Indigenous Occurring or living naturally 5/6 Cherub A winged, chubby angel 9-11 Contemporaries Those who exist/live at the
• She is intelligent and, by the standards of her time and place, a tomboy. • Four years older than Scout, he gradually separates himself from her games, but in an area 5/6 Ensuing Following immediately same time
• Scout has a combative streak and a basic faith in the goodness of the he remains her close companion and protector throughout the novel. 1/2 Malevolent Having or exhibiting hatred afterward 9-11 Evasion An act of escaping or avoiding
people in her community. • Jem moves into adolescence during the story, and his ideals are shaken badly 1/2 Mortification A feeling of shame or 5/6 Morbid Gruesome, gloomy, or dark 9-11 Inconspicuous Not noticeable or prominent
• As the novel progresses, this faith is tested by the hatred and prejudice by the evil and injustice that he perceives during the trial of Tom Robinson.
humiliation 5/6 Obliged Under force of necessity; 9-11 Ingenious Characterised by cleverness
that emerge during Tom Robinson’s trial.
• Scout eventually develops a more grown-up perspective that enables her 1/2 Piety Religious devotion and obligated 9-11 Nauseating Causing nausea or upset
to appreciate human goodness without ignoring human evil. reverence to god 5/6 Prowess Superior skill or ability; stomach
Charles Baker “Dill” Harris 1/2 Sojourn A brief, temporary stay strength or courage 9-11 Mausoleum A magnificent, decorated
1/2 Unsullied Spotlessly clean and fresh 5/6 Tacit Unspoken; understood tomb
Tom Robinson • Jem and Scout’s summer neighbour and friend.
• Dill is a diminutive, confident boy with an active imagination.
1/2
1/2
Vexations
Wallowing
Irritations or annoyances
Heavily indulging in; rolling in
7/8 Aberrations
without being expressed
Deviations from the proper
9-11 Provocation
Causing aggravation or
annoyance
• He becomes fascinated with Boo Radley and represents the perspective of
• The black field hand accused of rape. Tom is one of the novel’s childhood innocence throughout the novel. 3/4 Abominable Detestable; unpleasant course 12-13 Acquired Obtained possession of
“mockingbirds”, an important symbol of innocence destroyed by evil. 3/4 Amiable Pleasant; good-natured 7/8 Accosted Approached in a harsh something
3/4 Auspicious Presenting favourable manner; assaulted 12-13 Altercation An angry dispute; quarrel
Atticus
circumstances 7/8 Ascertaining Discovering with certainty; 12-13 Compensation Something given to make up
Bob Ewell 3/4 Contentious Tending to fight; quarrelsome determining for something else
3/4 Dispensation A special allowance; privilege 7/8 Cleaved Adhered to closely; clung to 12-13 Contemptuously Showing contempt; scornfully
• Scout and Jem’s father, a lawyer in Maycomb descended from an old
• A drunken, mostly unemployed member of Maycomb’s poorest family. 3/4 Expansively With a willingness to talk, share 7/8 Embalming Treating with preservatives 12-13 Ecclesiastical Having to do with the church
local family.
• In his knowingly wrongful accusation that Tom Robinson raped his daughter, • A widower with a dry sense of humor, Atticus has instilled in his children his 3/4 Fractious Inclined to make trouble; to prevent decay or the clergy
Ewell represents the dark side of the South: ignorance, poverty, squalor, and strong sense of morality and justice. unruly 7/8 Feeble Physically weak from age 12-13 Formidable Hard to overcome or deal with
hate-filled racial prejudice. • He is one of the few residents of Maycomb committed to racial equality. 3/4 Persevere To persist in a purpose, or sickness; frail 12-13 Inconsistent Not consistent; not in
• When he agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a black man charged with idea, or task 7/8 Meditative Given to contemplation or agreement
raping a white woman, he exposes himself and his family to the anger of the
3/4 Tranquillity State of calm, peacefulness, deep thought 12-13 Permanence Being permanent; lasting
Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley white community.
• With his strongly held convictions, wisdom, and empathy, Atticus functions as
serenity 7/8 Unfathomable Difficult or impossible to 12-13 Prerogative A right or privilege
the novel’s moral backbone. 3/4 Tyranny A government in which a understand 12-13 Qualms Sudden, disturbing feelings of
• A recluse who never sets foot outside his house, Boo dominates the single person assumes 7/8 Vigil Wakefulness maintained in uneasiness
imaginations of Jem, Scout, and Dill. absolute control reverence to another
• He is a powerful symbol of goodness swathed in an initial shroud of creepiness,
leaving little presents for Scout and Jem and emerging at an opportune Mayella Ewell 5/6
5/6
Aloof
Benevolence
Distant; unfeeling
Inclination to perform
7/8 Whittle
9-11 Analogous
To carve or shape
Possessing connections,
moment to save the children.
• An intelligent child emotionally damaged by his cruel father, Boo provides an charitable acts similarities
• Bob Ewell’s abused, lonely, unhappy daughter.
example of the threat that evil poses to innocence and goodness. • Though one can pity Mayella because of her overbearing father, one cannot
• He is one of the novel’s “mockingbirds,” a good person injured by the pardon her for her shameful indictment of Tom Robinson.
evil of mankind.
6 7Art
Whole Academy Reading
4 of 4 To Kill a Mockingbird - Vocabulary List 1 of 2
1. The Formal Elements 2. Key Terms specific to: 3D 2. Techniques specific to: Textiles
• Line: Defines shape; • Sculptor: An artist who works in 3D. • Applique: A decoration made by cutting shaped of fabric and
14-15 Edification Intellectual, spiritual, or moral 18-19 Acquainted Familiar; having personal 22-23 Heathen Someone who deliberately insults
the outer edge of sewing them to another piece of fabric with a zig zag stitch.
improvement knowledge of religion, god, or a way of life • Carving: The sculptor removes unwanted material to create
something. It can vary in the form. Materials such as a block of wood, stone, soap • Collage: Layering fabric and papers together to create an
14-15 Inaudible Not audible; cannot be heard 18-19 Brash Tactless; bold 22-23 Resentments Feelings of ill-will toward someone
width, direction and length. and other hard materials are used. image, different textures or pattern.
14-15 Indulged Gave in to one’s pleasures; 18-19 Browbeating Intimidating; bullying 22-23 Statute A law enacted by legislature
• Modelling: The sculptor creates a form by building it up. • Embellishment: a decorative detail or feature added to
had what one wanted 18-19 Expunge Strike out; erase 22-23 Vehement With conviction or force • Tone: How dark or light a
Clay, paper machê, and other soft materials are modelled something to make it more attractive.
14-15 Obscure Not clearly expressed; hard to 18-19 Lavations Washings; the process of bathing 24-25 Adjourned Suspended until a later time shape is.
into a sculpture. Modelling with clay is generally the first • Stitch: A loop of thread that can connect fabric pieces together.
understand 18-19 Pilgrimage A journey or long quest for 24-25 Apprehension Hesitation
• Pattern: A repeated shape process for creating a cast metal sculpture.
14-15 Peculiarities Strange or unusual qualities knowledge or religious reasons 24-25 Bellows A device for blowing air on a • Fabric: cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile fibres
14-15 Penitentiary A prison for criminals 18-19 Predicament An unpleasant situation flame in order for it to grow or line. • Assembly or construction: The sculptor joins materials
• Surface decoration: Applying decorative stitches and other
14-15 Perish To be destroyed; die 18-19 Proceedings A particular course of action 24-25 Devout Devoted to divine worship or together. This is also additive sculpture. Materials such as
• Texture: The feel or embellishments to the surface of fabric.
steel, wood, and found materials are glued, welded, or
14-15 Placid Pleasantly calm or peaceful; 18-19 Volition The act of making a conscious service appearance of a surface; connected in some way to create a sculpture. • Fabric manipulation: Altering and changing the appearance
quiet decision 24-25 Duress Constant threat; coercion how rough or smooth it is. of fabric by using different methods such as pulling the fibres,
14-15 Quarrel An angry dispute or 18-19 Wrathfully With great anger, hatred, or ill-will 24-25 Hypocrite Someone who pretends to • Bas Relief: Low level carving, modelling or assembling that twisting and stitching.
disagreement 20-21 Acquit Declare someone innocent have virtues, moral or religious • Shape: Can be in the form is designed to be viewed from one angle.
14-15 Resignation The act of resigning, 20-21 Contraband Goods that are illegally beliefs, etc. That he or of squares, circles, triangles,
withdrawing imported or exported she does not possess rectangles, and ovals.
16-17 Acrimonious Bitter, stinging, or caustic in 20-21 Corrupting Causing to be immoral or 24-25 Navigate To find one’s way 3. Colour Theory Shade: When Black is mixed 4. Composition
nature or speech dishonest 24-25 Squalid Foul and repulsive; neglected Additional Key Words with a colour to make it darker
16-17 Corroborating Making more certain; double- 20-21 Detachment Lack of interest or involvement 24-25 Varmint An undesirable animal, usually
Colour: When light is reflected of • Composition: the arrangement/layout of shapes/
checking; conspiring 20-21 Discreet Careful; good at keeping secrets a scavenger Tint: When white is mixed with
• Organic - free flowing or an object, colour is what the eye objects on the page.
16-17 Countenance Appearance; face 20-21 Indicted Formally charged with a crime 24-25 Veneer A thin surface layer a colour to make it lighter.
rounded, seemingly natural. sees. There are primary colours • Proportion: The size and shape of one object in
16-17 Frank Direct and unreserved in speech 20-21 Perpetuated Made something last, go on 24-25 Carcass The body of a human or animal
and secondary colours. comparison to another.
16-17 Grudge A feeling of resentment or Ill-will 20-21 Temerity Reckless, offensive boldness • Geometric - refers to
16-17 Gullet The oesophagus; throat 20-21 Vengeance Punishment in return for a wrong the shapes such as triangles, • Foreground, mid ground, background: The areas
Warm Colours: Colours that at the front middle or back of a drawing or
16-17 Lurched Staggered; stumbled 20-21 Verdict A decision made by a jury squares, etc. give the feeling of warmth painting.
16-17 Profane Hold contempt for, usually 20-21 Acquit Declare someone innocent – red, orange, yellow.
• Symmetry - meaning it • Focal Point: The part of the artwork which stands
towards god or 22-23 Aggravate To annoy or anger someone
is equal on both sides. Cool colours: Colours that out and draws the eye.
sacred principles 22-23 Appeal An earnest or urgent request
16-17 Scrutiny A thorough searching; a close 22-23 Cynical Distrustful of human nature • Flat tones - no tonal effect give a cool feeling • Perspective: The way of showing that objects
– blue, green purple. appear to get smaller and closer together the
examination or inquiry 22-23 Diction Clarity when speaking; choice in the colour.
further away they are from the viewer.
16-17 Subpoena A summons for witnesses or of words Complementary colours:
evidence before a court 22-23 Fatalistic Resigning to fate; allowing • Distorted - a shape that is • Symbol: A picture of image that tells a story of
Opposite colours on the what it is without using word.
16-17 Acrimonious Bitter, stinging, or caustic in what happens to happen changed and no longer
colour wheel.
looks proportioned. • Depth: the illusion of space.
nature or speech 22-23 Fret To worry
8 9Drama
Key Terms specific to: Art Three Words 1 of 2
Four Words to Five Words to Five Words to
to Critique
Critique Tone Critique Shape Critique Scale
• Mark making: The different line, patterns and Movement
textures we create in a piece of art. CommediaDell’Arte
Commedia Dell’Arte Pantomime
Pantomime
Movement is seen in When it comes to Art comes in various Scale is basically
• Medium: The media used to create the every piece of art. tone in art there shapes whether it the size of the art.
artwork. Movement helps to are four words is a painting or a The words used to • Italian Comedy strong sense of ensemble. • Usually based on a fairytale.
create or define a that can help you sculpture. Therefore, critique scale are • Use of masks means emotion needs to be • Pantomime ‘dame’ is a man in drag.
• Observational: Closely studying objects. piece of art. when critiquing. there are specific common words that shown through body language. • Lots of audience participation ‘it’s
None of the words to describe are already in our • Minimal set. behind you…oh no it isn’t’.
• Collage: an image that is created by using
1. Swirling words are fancy; each piece of art. vocabulary. • Props used food, furniture, weapons etc. • Good enter stage right (heaven), villains
layers of other images and/or materials.
2. Flowing however they may enter stage left (hell).
• Leaps, tumbles, slapstick used.
• Mixed Media: Using a variety of different 3. Dramatic not all be use in 1. Organic 1. Large
• Stock characters and archetypes: Villain, • Use of slapstick, music and
media to create an artwork. your everyday 2. Curvaceous 2. Small
Soldiers, Pompous doctor, dance very OTT.
conversations with 3. Geometric 3. Intimate
• Sculpture: A 3D piece of artwork. Six Words to friends. 4. Angular 4. Miniature clown, the lovers, gossipy old woman, ballerina • Comedy and humour .
servant.
• Realism: Painted realistically.
Critique Colour 5. Elongated 5. Monumental • Everything exaggerated.
1. Subtle
• Abstract: Art which does not represent In art colour is very 2. Contrasting
images of our everyday world. important. This is what 3. Muted
• Antagonist: A character who causes trouble for the protagonist. • Dialogue: The general term for any lines spoken between characters.
helps each piece 4. Dramatic
• Aside: A comment which a character makes to another character or the • Duologue: A scene or section of dialogue which only involves two actors.
of art stand out. The
audience. The rest of the characters on stage can’t hear them. • Flashback/flashforward: A scene which shows events from before or after
Techniques specific to: Photography colour, no matter
• Backstory: The events that have happened to a character before the the main action of the play. It can give extra information about the plot or
what type of artwork Three Words to Five Words to
action of the play. help to develop characters.
helps define the piece Critique Contrast Critique Texture
• Aperture: The size of the hole which controls and the artist. A lot • Blackout: When the stage lights are turned off between scenes or at the • Flat: A wooden frame with a canvas stretched over it which is pained and
how much light is allowed into the camera of artwork can be Two out of the three words for Texture is a very common end of a performance. used as scenery.
when taking a photograph. The higher the determined on who contrast have already been used to element with and often used • Body language: The way movements, posture and gestures can show how • Floodlight: A type of stage lantern which casts a broad wash of light on to
aperture the smaller the hole (less light). did the work just by critique other elements of art. when referring to clothing, someone feels without speaking. the stage.
looking at the colours, Therefore, it should not be hard to furniture and hair. Also, if you • Character arc: The way a character changes over the course of a story. • Form: The type of written drama (e.g. play, opera, musical, pantomime).
• Focus: Areas of an image may be in focus
because certain artists remember these words on a list of have ever painted a wall in your • Characterisation: the way an actor interprets and performs the character. These often have set theatrical conventions but vary in genre and style.
(clear and sharp) and some areas may be out
use specific colours in descriptive words to critique art. home you are most likely familiar • Fourth wall: The imaginary barrier that separates the audience from the
of focus (blurry and difficult to see). • Choreography: A rehearsed sequence of steps or movements.
every piece of their The only other word you need to with the following words. world of the play on the screen.
• Focal Point: The part of the photograph that work. remember here is the word strong • Chorus: A group of third person narrators who provide extra information
about the plot and comment on the action or characters. Originally a feature • Freeze frame: When the performers suddenly stop the action at a key
the eye is immediately drawn to. and that is a pretty common word. 1. Rough moment.
1. Bold of Ancient Greek theatre.
2. Fine
• Rule of thirds: A technique used to create a 2. Vibrant 1. Dramatic 3. Smooth • Comedy: A genre of drama which features humour and a happy ending.
successful composition. The rule states that 3. Subtle 2. Subtle 4. Coarse • Commedia dell’arte: A type of comedy popular in the 16th to 18th century
the focal point should not be dead centre. 4. Pale 3. Strong 5. Uneven Italy that makes use of stock characters.
5. Earthy • Cue: A signal that tells the actors or technicians when a certain action
• Leading lines: The viewers eyes are naturally
6. Naturalistic needs to take place.
drawn along vertical and parallel lines.
Art
2 of 2
10 11Drama
2 of 2 English
1 of 4
• Genre: The type of story a play is telling (e.g. comedy, tragedy) • Slapstick: A type of comedy that features exaggerated movements
• Gesture: A movement made by part of the body (e.g. arms, head) to and physical humour.
convey a character’s emotions. • Stage directions: Any instructions written in a script by the playwright
• Improvisation: When drama is made up on the spot by performers without to explain how a play should be performed.
using any prepared material. • Stimulus: A starting point for your devised piece that you should use
• Mannerism: A repeated physical or vocal habit that contributes to to inspire your performance.
characterisation. • Stock character: A character who is based on a stock personality.
• Minimalist theatre: A genre of theatre which uses a basic set and very few • Structure: The shape of a play’s narrative, including the order in which
props or simple costumes. it’s shown to the audience.
• Minor character: A character who isn’t important to the plot but who adds • Style: The way in which a director chooses to interpret a performance
depth to the world of the play. text on stage.
• Musical theatre: A style of theatre that uses song and dance to develop the • Supporting character: A character who is important to the plot but
plot and entertain the audience. isn’t the audience’s main focus
• Narrator: A character who comments on the action and the plot to the • Tableau: A moment in a performance when the action stops and the
audience. The narrator can be first person (involved in the action) or third characters freeze in position.
person ( set apart from the action) • Thought tracking: When a character tells the audience their thoughts
• Physical theatre: A non naturalistic style of theatre which uses physical during a pause in the action.
movements to tell stories. • Tragedy: A genre of play which features a serious plot and an unhappy
• Plot: The series of events that take place in a play. ending.
• Posture: The position a character holds themselves in when sitting or • Tragic hero: The protagonist of a tragedy, whose flaws lead to their
standing. downfall (or death)
• Promenade Theatre: A style of theatre that requires the audience to follow • Wings: The space to the side of a stage which is used for storage and as
the actors between different performance spaces over the course of the a waiting area for the actors.
play. This usually takes place outdoors.
• Proscenium Arch stage: A box shaped stage which is set back from
the audience so that only the front end is open to them, framed by the
proscenium arch itself.
• Protagonist: The main character in a story.
• Proxemics: The use of physical space between the actors on stage
to create meaning.
12 13UNIT: Modern Text - Of Mice and Men - Topic Guide English
2 of 4
The Crucible
Context Key Characters Key Vocabulary Context Key Characters Key Vocabulary
Author: John Steinbeck (1902-1968) George Milton: an itinerant farm worker. Soledad A Spanish word meaning loneliness or solitude. One of the Playwright: Arthur Miller (1915-2005) Abigail Williams the 17-year-old niece of Reverend Hysteria Exaggerated or uncontrollable
Nationality: American Lennie’s friend and protector. places where the novel is set. Nationality: American Parris. She is an orphan and a emotion or excitement.
Other notable works: ‘All My Sons’, ‘Death of a Salesman’, ‘A View from a former servant to the Proctors.
Other notable works: ‘East of Eden’, ‘Grapes of Wrath’, ‘The Pearl’ Lennie Small: an itinerant farm worker. Hypocrisy The practice of engaging in the same
Itinerant A person who travels from place to place, often to seek work. Bridge’ Reverend Parris the minister of Salem, Betty’s behaviour or activity for which one
Dates: published in 1937 George’s companion. father, and Abigail’s uncle. Tituba is
Dates: written in 1950-1952, performed 1952, published 1953 criticise or condemns another.
Era: Great Depression (1930s) his slave.
The Boss: the owner of the ranch George social hierarchy The order in which a society categorises its people into rankings Era: 1950s at the time of The Cold War Ideology A set of beliefs and ideas on which
Genre: Great American Novel John Proctor a farmer, and the husband of
and Lennie arrive to work at. Curley’s of socio-economic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, Genre: Tragedy, tragic drama, American drama, realist drama. Elizabeth. He is well respected in people, parties, groups, or countries
Set: early 1930s in Salinas and Soledad, California during the Great Depression Action race, class, education, and power. Set: Salem, Massachusetts, USA 1692 (17th Century) base their actions and decisions.
father. the local community and values his
takes place over three days in four different locations. Structure: each of the four acts ends with a climax (unusual structure) reputation.
Curley: the son of the ranch owner. Integrity The quality of being honest and
Form: Novella microcosm A community, place, or situation regarded as capturing in Elizabeth Proctor loyal wife to John Proctor. She having strong moral principles.
miniature the characteristics of something much larger. fires Abigail Williams as her
Curley’s Wife: the only female on the Playwright biography: Patriarchy A system of society or government in
servant before the play begins.
Author biography: ranch. Married to Curley. coercive Using force or threats to control a person or group. • Born in 1915 in New York City. Mary Warren is her servant during which men hold the power and women
the events of the play. are largely excluded from it.
Born and grew up in and around Salinas, California. • Studied journalism before becoming a very successful writer.
Candy: the old swamper/handyman
Attended Stanford University, but never completed his degree. influential Having great influence on someone or something. Rev John Hale minister in the nearby Theocracy A society ruled by people who are
on the ranch. Owns an old and weak • Famously married to the Hollywood actress Marilyn Monroe. Massachusetts town of Beverly, guided by God.
Moved to New York in 1925 to become a freelance writer, returning to California when sheepdog. and an expert in identifying
subjugate To bring under domination and control. • Winner of many accolades including: Pulitzer Prize, seven Tony Awards, an Witch-hunt A search for people labelled “witches”
this plan failed. Olivier and the John F Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award. witchcraft.
Crooks: the stable manager, and the or evidence of witchcraft, often
His first success was a collection of short stories called ‘Tortilla Flat’ in 1935. To ostracise To exclude from a society or group. Thomas Putnam an influential citizen but not well involving moral panic or mass hysteria.
Won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. only African American on the ranch. Social, Historical & Literary context: The Crucible liked in the community.
Tituba Rev. Parris’ slave from Barbados. Witch-hunt In modern times, a ‘witch-hunt’
Slim: a skilled mule driver. He is highly disempower To make a person or group less powerful or confident. • The play was first performed in 1953 at the height of the (modern describes the attempt to find and
Significance of title: McCarthy trials. Mary Warren naïve and lonely servant of the meaning) punish a particular group of people
respected by the men on the ranch. Proctors.
The title comes from a poem by Scottish poet Robbie Burns written in 1785. empower To make a person or group more powerful or confident. • Considered an attack on the anti-Communist McCarthyism. who are being blamed for something,
The poem is called ‘To a Mouse’ and is about a mouse who builds a nest in a wheat Carlson & Whit: ranch hands. Deputy Governor often because of their opinions or
Danforth a Deputy governor of beliefs, not because they have actually
field ready for the winter, but this is destroyed by a ploughman. Aunt Clara: not an actual character in the futility Pointlessness or hopelessness The Salem Witch Trials (1692) Massachusetts who comes to done anything wrong.
text but referred to in the novella. Cared • The play is a fictionalised account of the famous 17th Century witch trials. Salem to preside over the witch
Social, Historical & Literary context: predatory Seeking to exploit others. trials. Persecution Hostility and ill-treatment, especially
for Lennie until her death. • Hysteria began when a group of girls fell ill and it could not be because of race or political or religious
The Great Depression beliefs; oppression.
explained why.
The Great Depression took place following the Wall Street Crash in October 1929. disillusioned The condition of being dissatisfied or defeated in expectation
of hope. • In a Puritan society, anything that could not be explained was said to be Justice The legal or philosophical theory which
Many people lost everything and mass unemployment ensued.
Key Terminology
the work of the devil. fairness is administered.
At its peak it was estimated that 13-15 million Americans were unemployed. fragility The quality of being delicate or vulnerable. • Villagers then began to accuse each other of witchcraft, which Subjugate To bring under domination or control.
Famers were especially affected as they could not pay back the debts they had built up then extended to people with grudges and jealousies. Many made Puritan A member of a group of English
after World War One. marginalise To treat someone or something as if they are not important. accusations as revenge for petty things. Protestants of the late 16th and
Tragedy A play ending with the suffering
Key Terminology
A severe drought in the Dust Bowl (American West) made the situation worse. • Within a few weeks, dozens of people were in jail. By the end of the trials, and death of the main character. 17th centuries. They thought the
In the worst cases, the banks repossessed people’s farms, making the famers and their nineteen innocent men and women were hanged and hundreds were Tragic hero A literary character who makes Reformation of the Church under
a judgment error that inevitably Elizabeth I as incomplete and
families homeless. convicted. wanted to simplify and regulate forms
leads to his/her own destruction.
Many farmers migrated to California to look for work, as it was thought to have spare novella A novella is a short novel or a long short story, categorised by having a story with a compact of worship.
McCarthyism (1947-1956) Antagonist A person who actively opposes
land and a lot of work but this was not always the case. plot. or is hostile to someone or Puritanical Having or displaying a very strict moral
• An American Senator called Joseph McCarthy rose to power by stirring up attitude.
The Great Depression lasted for ten years worldwide, and for the USA it did not fully end something. Also known as an
the nation into becoming terrified of Communists. Stemmed from the fear adversary.
until 1941 when the country became involved in World War Two. third person A type of narrative in which the story is related by an omniscient narrator who knows the Capitalism A political system where people are
and tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during The Cold War.
narrative thoughts and feelings of all the characters in the story. Allegory A story, poem, or picture that can encouraged to work hard, earn their
Life of an itinerant worker • In 1947 he ordered all employees of the civil service to be screened for be interpreted to reveal a hidden own money and businesses
setting The time and place in which the story takes place in a piece of literature. Setting can establish ‘loyalty’to check they did not have Communist sympathies. McCarthy meaning, typically a moral or are privately owned.
Ranch workers often moved from one place to another looking for work. political one. (The Salem witch
the mood or atmosphere of a scene or story. led the House Committee on Un-American Activities, which sought to find
Jobs on ranches would be temporary and seasonal. Communists in America. trials in the play are an allegory Communism A political system where all property is
Wages for men like these were low and jobs were scarce. for the McCarthy witch hunt owned by the community and each
simile A figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as. • Anyone named as a Communist was placed on “Blacklists” that which took place in America in the person contributes and receives
Insecure existence as jobs were scarce and wages were low. prevented them from getting work. 20th Century.) according to their ability and needs.
There was no welfare system so without work people struggled to survive. symbolism The use of symbols to express ideas or qualities. Hamartia The fatal flaw of a tragic hero.
• The McCarthy hearings (also known as McCarthy trials) ran from April to
June 1954. Symbolism The use of symbols to express ideas
The American Dream motif A dominant or recurring idea in an artistic work. or qualities.
The belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born, their class, their background • Many non-Communists confessed to being Communists and falsely
Stage directions Instructions written into the script
dialogue A conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or film. named others as Communists in order to escape punishment.
can achieve success though sacrifice, risk-taking and hard work, not by chance. of a play, indicating stage actions,
Root of the idea could be said to be found in the American Declaration of • Miller was brought before Congress in 1956 and convicted of contempt of movements of performers, or
dialect A particular form of a language which is used by people in a specific region or social group. production requirements e.g.
English
Congress for refusing to cooperate (his conviction was later overturned).
Independence of 1776 which states: “all men… are endowed by their creator with set design or staging.
certain inalienable rights... [including] life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”. • Eventually McCarthy was condemned and the hysteria died down, but
imagery A way of describing something symbolically, using words to represent objects, actions, and Climax The point of highest tension in a
3 of 4
the damage caused to the lives of hundreds of people was already done. narrative.
The idea of the American Dream was severely tested during the Great Depression. ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.
Foreshadowing A device in which the writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.
14 151. Context - Relationships 2. Key Terminology 3. Key Vocabulary
Writer: Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche bias An inclination or prejudice for maiden name The original surname of a
Photo Description Structures Opinion sentence starters Time phrases
(1977 --) oragainst one person or group married woman who uses her dans la photo in the photo J’adore… I love…
husband’s surname name
il y a
Past:
Nationality: Nigerian humour The quality of being amusing after marriage there is
J’aime… I like… Hier - yesterday
or comic on peut voir you can see Le weekend demier - last weekend
Other notable works: Purple Hibiscus’ antiquated Old fashioned or outdated
une femme
J’aime bien… I really like… La semaine dernière - last week
tone The choice of writing style a woman
Hibiscus’, ‘Half of a Yellow Sun’ the writer employs to convey Je n’aime pas… I don’t like…
heteronormative A world view that promotes une fille a girl Present:
specific feelings, emotions or
Genre: Essay attitudes
heterosexuality as the only or un garçon a boy Je déteste... I hate... Aujourd’hui - today
preferred sexual orientation Normalement - Usually
Dates: Published 2014 un homme a man Je pense que... I think that... Le lundi - On a Monday
empathy The ability to understand and
patriarchy A system of society or des jeunes young people
Writer biography share the feelings of another
government in which Je crois que I find that... Future:
il/elle porte he/she is wearing Demain – tomorrow
anecdote A short amusing or interesting men hold the power and A mon avis... I believe that...
• Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie grew up women are largely ils/elles portent they are wearing Le weekend prochain - next weekend
story about a real incident or La semaine prochaine - next week
in Nigeria. person excluded from it il/elle est he/she is J’estime... I guess that...
• At the age of 19, Adichie left Nigeria to ils/elles sont they are
irony A state of affairs or an event stigma A mark of disgrace associated Selon moi... According to me...
attend university in the United States that seems deliberately with a particular circumstance, ils/elles ont they have
contrary to what one expects quality, or person il/elle semble he/she seems
• When the novelist was growing up in and is often amusing as a
poet laureate il fait beau the weather is good
Nigeria, she was not used to being result
A poet officially appointed
by a government, who is il fait mauvais the weather is bad Complex structures in different tenses
identified by the colour of her skin. That often expected to compose
sarcasm The use of irony to mock or il fait chaud it’s hot
changed when she arrived in the United convey contempt poems for special events and When I was younger Quand j’étais jeune...
il fait froid it’s cold
States. occasions
I did many things J’ai fait plein de choses
perspective A particular attitude il pleut it’s raining
towards or way of regarding indigenous Originating or occurring
Background to the text naturally in a particular place sur la droite on the right I used to love... because it was J’adorais... parce que c’était
something; a point of view
Sur la gauche on the left When I am older Quand je seais plus grand...
•‘We Should all be Feminists’ is an essay imperatives Phrases used to give orders, monoglot A person who speaks only one
à l’arrière-plan in the background
which was published in 2014. commands ,warning or language I have decided that J’ai décidé de...
instructions au centre in the middle
• It is based on a TEDx talk Adiche gave feminist A feminist advocates or
au premier plan in the foreground
If I could I... Si je pourrais, je...
syntactic Repetition of sentences or supports the rights
in 2012 in London. clauses to emphasise a theme and equality of women
parallels
• TED events are conferences where or idea.
gender The social and cultural
speakers are invited to talk about a differences associated
with being male or female
Openers/connectives/extenders
variety of topics.
et and cependant however
• The video of her talk has been viewed socialisation The process beginning during mais but parce que c’est… because it’s
childhood by which individuals avec with car c’est... as it’s
over four million times. acquire the values, habits, sans without donc so
• Parts of Adichie’s TEDx talk were and attitudes of a society aussi also si if
sampled in Beyoncé’s song “Flawless” in male gaze The act of objectifying women bien que although d’abord firstly
December 2013. by presenting them through
French
où where enfin lastly
the lens of a heterosexual ou or puis then
man
1 of 2 par contre on the other hand encore again
English objectify To treat a person like a tool or
après after ensuite then
4 of 4 toy, as if they had no feelings,
opinions, or rights of their
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