INNOVATIONS IN AUTOMATED FARE COLLECTION
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INNOVATIONS IN AUTOMATED FARE COLLECTION
Overview Of Different Technologies For Transport
AFC And Specificities
NOW
• From close range - check-in / check-out
Closed loop systems Open loop payment Mobile payment QR codes
Cards, tickets or tokens C-less EMV Bank card NFC smartphones
• To long range AFC - walk-in / walk-out be-in / be-out
NEAR
FUTURE ?
• Passive UHF or Dual freq. smartcard, mobile powered Bluetooth BLE or facial recognition
Transit Agencies: Challenges Today
WHY
High Distribution & Cash Legacy Hardware Difficult Reduction in Sales &
Collection Costs to Upgrade User Satisfaction
• Cost of paper / smart card • Limited funding • Unsatisfied users expect
issuance and distribution • Backend connectivity mobile ticketing to be
HOW
• Capital of ticket vending Challenges … No real time available
machines connections • Users choosing alternatives
• Machine maintenance • Large network which is difficult out of convenience e.g.
• Cost of cash collection to upgrade rideshare
3
Commuters: Challenges Today
TODAY
Complex Fares Confusing Network Non-Realtime
ROOT CAUSE
• No prior knowledge of user • Inherently confusing tunnel • Key information (time, space,
• Fare decision made before trip network without a map cost) is not available to users
starts • No consistent naming
conventions for routes
4
Open-loop EMV Will Stay Complementary To Transit Cards
• Closed Loop • EMV Open Loop
• Fastest transaction time • Reduction of media issuance cost for the PTO
ADVANTAGES
• No recurring certification and maintenance • Manageable with online & offline transaction
on infrastructure • Seamless for occasional users like
• Technology and convenience proven international travelers
• PTO in full control • Interoperability proven
• Implementation in multimodal transport • A financial institute is required to issue the card
LIMITATIONS
system can be complex • Cards produced only by EMV certified facilities
• Contribution of 2-5 % to OPEX costs • Recurring cost for EMV readers certification
• PTO has transferred business ownership to banks
Desfire, Felica,
Bank issued payment cards
Calypso or Cipurse
for “PTO not known”
cards for
users
“PTO known”
users
The Potential For Convergence Is Greater Than Ever
• Moving to account based solutions • Convergence Transport & Banking
Account based rather than card centric means that rather than
using a card with a stored amount of money on it, the solution
• Lowering the cost of ticketing
shifts the customers’ financial information and fare calculation can also be done with multi-application
away from the card. Current implementation includes London, cards & non transit application.
Chicago, Singapore, Sydney.
• Mobile ticketing will co-exist with smartcards
NFC technology to grow fast driven by mobile wallet providers
(Apple, Samsung & Google Pay…) and increasing penetration of • Eg : Japan, Hong-Kong, Dubai,
NFC in smartphone shipments. In transit, mobile ticketing will co-
Bangkok…
exist while smartcard remain a strong piece of the ecosystem.
• EMV may lower the cost for public transport operators as the cards and readers
equipment would be based on open standard and available of the shelf system. This
has to be challenged.
Smart Cities Build On Smart Transportation
Adapt other services /
applications
Bike
Smart share
wearable
Application/Service providers
Platform to facilitate
Payment providers
collaboration
Credential Issuer
Loyalty
scheme Hospitality
Personalization agent & Payment Payment
Smart card Travel & Miles
channel - TopUp
Transport Identity
Marketing platform
E-Health Smart Home
Smartphone 100% end-customer
reach
Speed Cost Ease of use Scalability
Urban mobility requires solving for scale, speed and sustainability
MOBILITY – AS – A - SERVICE
WHAT IS MAAS?
Mobility-As-A-Service Is A Combination Of Public And
Private Transportation Services Within A Given Regional
Environment That Provides Holistic, Optimal And People
Centered Travel Options, To Enable End-to- End Journeys
Paid For By The User As A Single Charge, And Which Aims
To Achieve Key Public Policy Objectives.MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
• END TO END JOURNEYS • HOLISTIC, PREFERRED AND PEOPLE
• From door to door CENTRIC
• Multiple modes offered for travel
• Fastest/cheapest/environmental
• Optimal based on user preferences and
• INTEGRATED PUBLIC/PRIVATE service availability
TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS
• Public (Rail, bus, metro, etc.) • REAL-TIME PASSENGER
• Private Ola, Uber, etc.)
INFORMATION
• Real-time data for planning and execution
• INTEGRATED JOURNEY PLANNING
• First and last mile services through deep • ONE ACCOUNT SOLUTION
linking with 3rd party apps and APIs • From an end user perspective having a single
• Enhancing the overall experience for able and less account that delivers benefits and simplifies
able users the journeyMOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE OPTIONS
Mobility-as-a-Service Platform
Single PlatformOverview Of User Process For MAAS
• Buy/upgrade/cancel a subscription model
• Pay As You Go Models (PAYG)
• Provide feedback on your trips
• Manage your account and preferences
• Real-Time Journey Planner for all • Book and Reserve • Review your trip
services (Public Transport, Road tickets/services for entire progress against
Traffic, Bike/walk) journey plan
• Integrated Connected Journey • Single Interface for • Receive in-journey
• Private and Shared Transport Payment alerts
Services • Ability to update and • Re-plan your
• Optimised journeys based on cancel bookings before journey while
user preferences travel enrouteThe Role Of Artificial Intelligence?
• Make sense of Big Data
• Put mobility options to their best use:
• Micromobility and ride hailing for first and
last mile
• Mass transit as the heavy lifter
• Develop optimised integrated connected
journeys
• Based on the user’s preferences and travel
patterns
• Pre-emptive guidance to the user
• Demand responsive network
• Network AI to create a Predictive Mobility
Network
• Points of supply in place prior to demand is
realised
• Connecting people to journeys not carsMobility-as-a-Service through Beckn Protocol
Open Mobility Network
Beckn Mobility
THANK YOU
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