IN-DEPTH GUIDE TO THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK OF SARDINIA
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IN-DEPTH GUIDE TO
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK OF SARDINIA
BY BIC SARDEGNA SPA
1THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK OF SARDINIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 3
DEMOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 3
WEALTH PRODUCED ............................................................................................................... 3
OPENING UP TO FOREIGN MARKETS ......................................................................................... 4
THE LABOUR MARKET.............................................................................................................. 4
2THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK OF SARDINIA
INTRODUCTION
This guide is a brief statistical study of the main socioeconomic variables that characterize
the Sardinian regional context and which can help you to better understand the territorial
scenario in which you can set up a company. It provides an overview as up-to-date as
possible on the economic, demographic and labour-related dynamics useful for gaining an
understanding of the situation.
The data and indicators have been provided by ISTAT and processed by the Regional
Statistics Office. 1
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
The results of the latest ISTAT census show that Sardinia has a population of 1,639,362,
of whom 838,121 females and 801,241 males.
The population has increased constantly since 1980, and in 2011 it amounted to about
1.676,000 inhabitants (the average annual resident population).
The main factor resulting in the population increase is certainly the increase in the number
of foreign citizens, which has risen from 10,000 in 2001 to approximately 31,000 in 2011,
accounting for 1.9% of the regional population.
The share of the adult and mature population has increased, while the younger population
has decreased in number. This is true for both genders, although women between 45 and
49 years of age are the main demographic group. Overall, the dependency ratio, that is,
the burden of the older population on the working population, is 46.5%, while the aging
index is 158.6%.
The number of families has also increased by 100,000 (677,670 in 2011). These are small
families, with an average number of members of three in 2001 and two in 2011. This is the
result of the modifications of family structures due to social and economic changes, as well
as to the progressive aging of the population.
WEALTH PRODUCED
In 2011, Sardinia’s GDP amounted to 29,853,600,000 euros, representing 17,810 euros
per capita and 78% of the European average.
The value of per capita consumption in 2011 amounted to 11,800 euros, while the gross
fixed capital investments amounted to 5,999,200,000 euros, that is, about 3,600 euros per
capita.
The distribution of the added value at the sector level in 2011 was mainly affected by the
service sector (80.8%) followed by the industrial sector, with particular reference to
manufacturing (10.5%), construction (5.2%) and agriculture (3.6%).
1
www.sardegnastatistiche.it
3THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK OF SARDINIA
OPENING UP TO FOREIGN MARKETS
The regional economic system has a limited domestic demand, which by itself is unable to
sustain the levels of economic activity. Interaction with foreign markets is an opportunity to
support the growth of the medium-term GDP.
The value of Sardinian exports amounts to 6,402,000,000 euros. This figure marks a sharp
increase from 5,269,000,000 in the previous year (22%), with an average annual growth in
the 2008-2012 period of more than 2%.
The manufacturing sector exports coal, petrochemicals and metal products. The main
trade partners are Spain, Turkey, Mexico and France. The Region exports 1.1% of its
goods to developing markets, particularly the BRIC countries. Last year, the overall
positive trend of exports was due to a reduction of exports to the EU27 countries and a
growth of the market towards the extra-EU27 ones, in particular China, the United States
and Turkey.
In 2011, the export capacity (percentage of the value of exports in comparison to the GDP)
was 15.6%.
THE LABOUR MARKET
In 2012, Sardinia had a total number of 705,000 workers, the employment rate was 51.8%
and the unemployment rate was 15.5%.
With reference to the different economic sectors, starting from agriculture, the trends of the
employment levels over the past 10 years are worth studying. From 2000 to 2002, the
employed population in the agricultural sector was a significant component of total
employment; from 2002 to 2004, there was a decrease (-30%); from 2004 to 2007, a
further decrease took place, coinciding with the first phase of the economic crisis, up to
2010, when more people lost their jobs (-24%). Finally, a recovery in the sector was seen
in the last years of the crisis, 2011-2012, amounting approximately to an increase of 1,600
since 2011.
Between 2000 and 2004, the industrial sector had an increasing employment rate, driven
by the energy sector; between 2004 and 2006 employment dropped again; in 2007, thanks
to new incentives granted to the industrial sector, employment recovered. Since the first
stage of the economic crisis (2008), there has been a drop in employment rates: jobs in
Sardinia’s manufacturing decreased by 25% compared to the people employed in 2007,
while the construction sector decreased by 28.5%.
At the same time, the employment trend in the service sector grew. The process of
outsourcing jobs increased more on the island than elsewhere, with a total employment
rate of 77% in 2012, almost ten points higher than the same rate calculated at both the
national level and compared to the Centre-North of Italy.
4THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK OF SARDINIA
Among the best performance sectors, nine out of ten belonged to the service macro-
sector, that is, personal and family-related services, artistic and entertainment activities,
health and social care services, information and communications services.
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