Impact of groundwater level variations induced by climate change on the mobilization of light refined petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants (LNAPLs)
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Impact of groundwater level variations induced by climate change on the
mobilization of light refined petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants (LNAPLs)
Amélie Cavelan 1, Fabrice Golfier 2, Stéfan Colombano 3, Noële Enjelvin 4, Hossein Davarzani 3, Jacques Deparis 3,
Catherine Lorgeoux 2, Anne-Julie Tinet 2, Constantin Oltean 2, Pierre Faure 1
Additional informations
Tuesday, 27 April 2021
amelie.cavelan@univ-lorraine.fr
CONTEXT AND ISSUES Effect of climate change by 2080?
(IPCC, 2014)
LNAPLs or "Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids
• Derivatives of light petroleum compounds (diesel, fuel oil etc.) + winter precipitations
• 37% of soil and groundwater pollution + summer droughts
• Accumulate at the top and move with the groundwater table + extreme rainfall events
lower density than water
Release
With groundwater
level fluctuations Increase in the amplitude
and frequency of
groundwater fluctuations.
Without groundwater
level variations
Time • More intense LNAPLs
remobilization?
• More rapid natural attenuation?
• More important short-term risks?
How do these extreme variations
influence the distribution,
mobilization and lifetime of these
contaminations?
amelie.cavelan@univ-lorraine.fr
MAIN ISSUES
Complex LNAPLs • Strong (bio)geochemical evolution (type of metabolism, redox conditions...)
contaminations • Great variation of saturation level and composition
• characteristics of the porous medium (type, permeability ...)
The release of • the physical-chemical characteristics (composition, solubility ...) of the residual LNAPL
LNAPLs depends saturations
on: • the surface extent of water/LNAPL/air interfaces in soil
• variations in the groundwater table level
• could increase the frequency and the amplitude of groundwater table level variations
Climate change
• could strongly impact the remobilization of LNAPLs and their release into the environment
amelie.cavelan@univ-lorraine.fr
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CONTROLLED DYNAMIC OF THE
GROUNDWATER
• Intermediate scale, GISFI station
Monitoring at different (Homécourt, France)
complemented scales • Comparison of monitoring
methods under “Normal" and
"extreme" conditions
Now
LYSIMETER SCALE
14 months of
_ monitoring period
LABORATORY FIELD SCALE
SCALE
NUMERICAL
MODELLING
Numerical modelling support to identify
and assess the sensibility of the key
parameters responsible for the observed
CONTROLLED SATURATED AND UNSATURATED CONDITIONS
phenomena
• Monitoring the physical-chemical behavior of LNAPL (partitioning,
biodegradation kinetics...)
• Identify individual mechanisms under contrasting water table conditions amelie.cavelan@univ-lorraine.fr
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
OUR OBJECTIVES
Improved monitoring methods:
• Evaluate the capability of different
monitoring methods.
• Finely characterize the distribution of
LNAPL saturations
Field µGC
Understand the impact of groundwater
fluctuations (frequency/amplitude) on:
• LNAPL distributions
• LNAPL remobilization
• Release terms (water/air)
• LNAPL source zone longevity
This project should allow to:
• Predict the evolution of these sites in the
coming decades
• Decision support for the actors of the
remediation
An innovative experimental device:
• Coupled monitoring techniques (geophysics, geochemistry, pH, T, RedOX)
• Monitoring of releases (air, water) during different scenarios of water table fluctuations (extreme and normal). amelie.cavelan@univ-lorraine.fr
Some pictures of the installation at the GISFI station, Homécourt
(France)...
Removal and
emptying of old
columns
https://www.ugt-online.de/
Filling of
columns and
installation of
electrical
resistivity
sensors
Installation of new HDPE columns
Sensors amelie.cavelan@univ-lorraine.fr
The « Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique
What is the GISFI ? sur les Friches Industrielles »
The scientific interest group on
industrial wastelands
http://gisfi.univ-lorraine.fr
08/04/2021
Soil Remediation
– Context and Challenges Contaminated sites in France (2012)
Before
• Context: 70’s to 90’s
• strong economic and industrial shift in Europe
• closing of heavy industry – steel, coal, textile
• 340 000 contaminated sites in Europe
• sites of vast surface areas
➢ restoration of former industrial sites
for economic redevelopment
• Challenges
Now Cd contaminated in Northern France > 10 000 ha – increase scientific knowledge about contamination
GISFI station dynamics in soils and ecosystems
– develop eco-technologies for remediation and recycling
of degraded and contaminated sites
• GISFI
– scientific consortium (10 research groups)
dedicated to the study and the remediation of brownfields
– partnership : research – industry
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021
GISFI • Context : economic shifts and environmental issues
• development of brownfields
• Created in 2002 by 5 members
• Lorraine University, CNRS, INRAE, BRGM, INERIS • steel industry, coal mining, military bases
• threat on the soil resource
• 10 research groups
• contamination, urbanization
• geosciences, biology, ecology, chemistry, chemical
engineering, risk, innovation, psychosociology
• Objectives: restoration of degraded sites
• LSE, GEORESSOURCES, LIEC, LCPME, LRGP, BEF, ERPI,
INTERPSY, INERIS-Pôle RISK, BRGM-3SP(D3E) • fate, effects and treatment of pollutions
• Industrial partners • ecosystem services provided by degraded and polluted land
• site owners, soil remediation, • long-term observation
• Arcelor Mittal, Brézillon, Colas, Elementerre, EODD,
Antéa,, Microhumus, Progepi, SEA-Marconi, Serpol,
Sita-FD, Sol Environment, Soleo-Services, Solvay, Tauw
• General method
France, Total, Valterra… • multidisciplinarity and partnership
• research – companies – public partners
• thematic groups
• diagnostic, physico-chimie, biologie, filières
• pluri-partner projects
• e.g. MULTIPOLSITE (ANR); LORVER (AME); BIOXYVAL (PIA)
• Contribution à LabEx « Ressources21 »
• Experimental platform
• GISFItech - PROGEPI
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021
Objectives and strategy
• Increase knowledge regarding degraded and contaminated soils
• Develop eco-technologies for the remediation of sites of vast surface area
• in situ treatment of persistent pollutants
• e.g. HAP, metals
• restoration of soil functions and ecosystem services to:
• produce food, fiber, energy, metals;
• increase biodiversity and C storage.
• Pluridisciplinarity and partnership with companies
– biology, geosciences, chemistry, engineering, social sciences / risk assessment, soil remediation,
• Shared scientific and technologic questions, objects and experimental sites
– experimental platform
Former cokery plant
Natural attenuation
Lysimeters and labs
LORVER project
soil construction
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021Experimental platform: lysimeters
photo : EPFL
Lysimeter plots : pedogenesis and treatment of Technosols
(in situ chemical oxidation, soil construction, phytoremediation, natural attenuation, agromine)
dispositif UGT
Lysimeter columns: pollutant fate and treatment
(diagnostic, risk evaluation, in situ soil treatment, soil restoration)
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021• Exemples of other research projects
- Long term evolution of pollutants
- Natural attenuation
- Chemical oxidation
- Ecosystem restauration
amelie.cavelan@univ-lorraine.frLong-term evolution of pollutants
Indice de diversité
Lysimetric plots (Homécourt) – 2005
Microbial diversity
4 3 2 1 2500 T0 - Septembre 2005
T1- Mai 2006
T2 - septembre 2006
2000 T3 - Mai 2007
T4 - Septembre 2007
8 7 6 5 TN Terre Nue T5 - Mai 2008
T6 - Septembre 2008
1500 T7 - Avril 2009
Teneurs en 16 HAPs
T8 - Septembre 2009
VS Végétation spontanée T9 - Avril 2010
12 11 10 9 T10 - septembre 2010
Contaminated 1000
Tc Thlaspi caerulescens soil
(HAP, métaux) 500
16 15 14 13 Ms Medicago sativa
0
20 19 18 17
Ms Medicago sativa mycorhizée TC MS VS MSm TN TD
m
Evolution of PAHs
TD Medicago sativa Treated soil
24 23 22 21
thermal-
Data-base
desorption
Coord. C. Leyval
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021Natural attenuation of an industrial decantation pond
Moselle
river
Steel industry
effluents
1950-2010
Distribution des teneurs en Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb et Zn le long du pr
teneur (mg kg-1 sol sec )
10 m-deep - 2.6 ha
0 50000 100000 150000
Pompey, Lorraine, France 0
▪ Regulating services
20
• treatment of industrial waste limites entre couches
40
• water quality and quantity control (retention,
Spolic Technosol
Zn Pb
evapotranspiration) 60
Zn
• biodiversity (Andic, Calcaric,
profondeur (cm)
80
• reservoir of raw materials: strategic metals Hydric, Laxic,
Thixotropic, Toxic) 100
Pb
▪ Provisioning services 120
• Biomass 140
160
▪ Cultural services
• archives of industrial activities 180
(after Huot et al., 2013, 2014)
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021Natural attenuation of an industrial decantation pond
Moselle
river
Steel industry
effluents
1950-2010
Distribution des teneurs en Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb et Zn le long du profil
teneur (mg kg-1 sol sec )
10 m-deep - 2.6 ha
0 50000 100000 150000
Pompey, Lorraine, France 0
20
Climatic conditions
limites entre couches
40
Spolic Technosol
Zn Pb
60
Zn
50 cm (Andic, Calcaric,
profondeur (cm)
Pb: 0.5-1%at. 80
100 cm Hydric, Laxic,
Amorphous aluminosilicates
2m
Thixotropic, Toxic) 100
Pb
150 cm 120
140
Weight 160
measurement
Percolate Soil solution Pb: 8%at. 180
flow and percolate
collecting Mn oxides
(after Huot et al., 2013, 2014)
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021Chemical oxidation and soil reclamation
(OXYSOL/BIOXYVAL)
Evolution of soil functions Requalification of soil functions
Hap (1175 g.kg-1)
Toxicité (208 UT)
Carbone organique (58,3 g.kg-1)
Activité
(29 ug.g-1.h-1) Azote (2,2 g.kg-1)
Microorganisme Soufre (40 g.kg-1)
(1,2.105 bactéries)
Injection oxydant Réserve acide
(-0,285)
Polsen (0,07 g.kg-1)
CEC (10,23 cmol.kg-1)
pH (7,5)
Monitoring of oxidation
Environmental monitoring
Evolution of residual pollution
Collaboration GISFI – BRGM – ArcelorMittal REF – Solvay – TVD Coord. J.L. Morel / L. Galdemas
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021Chemical oxidation and soil reclamation
(OXYSOL/BIOXYVAL)
Evolution of soil functions Requalification of soil functions
Hap (1175 g.kg-1)
Toxicité (208 UT)
Carbone organique (58,3 g.kg-1)
Activité
(29 ug.g-1.h-1) Azote (2,2 g.kg-1)
BIOXYVAL – scaling-up for field implementation
Microorganisme
(1,2.105 bactéries)
Soufre (40 g.kg-1)
Injection of oxidant and heating
Injection oxydant Réserve acide
(-0,285)
Polsen (0,07 g.kg-1)
collaboration GISFI/ICF Environnement pH (7,5)
CEC (10,23 cmol.kg-1)
Thesis : B. Ranc
Monitoring of oxidation
Environmental monitoring
Evolution of residual pollution
Collaboration GISFI – BRGM – ArcelorMittal REF – Solvay – TVD Coord. J.L. Morel / L. Galdemas
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021The LORVER project (2013-2018):
production of biomass on abandoned sites
Site degradation Remediation strategies Services
- contamination - Attenuation of pollution
Soil treatment
- metals, PAHs, - Water and carbon storage
- degradation of soils - Waste management
and ecosystems Soil construction
- Biomass production
+
- Biodiversity
Installation of plants
- poplar trees
- hemp, nettle
- hyperaccumulators
Biomass
of industrial interest
energy biochar fiber agromining
4 companies
5 research groups
➢ Challenge : build a chain of services
and control residual pollution on abandoned (contaminated) sites
http://www.lorver.org
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles 08/04/2021Reuse of brownfields for biomass production
Multifunctional soils to ensure a large range
of ecosystem services, similar to that of natural soils
provision (biomass), regulation (filter/exchange, biodiversity, C storage, use of
anthropogenic material to protect natural soil capital)
LORVER project
compost
treated soil /
paper sludge
paper sludge
agro-forestry: energy, fiber, phytomining
constructed soil
natural degraded soil constructed soil
soil Improvement of provisioning and regulating services
(Sere, 2007; Sere et al., 2007, J. Soils Sed.) (biodiversity, C storage, waste management)
Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles
19 08/04/2021http://gisfi.univ-lorraine.fr http://www.progepi.fr/gisfitech
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