HGV SAFETY PERMIT GUIDANCE - FOR OPERATORS ENTERING LONDON - TFL
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HGV safety permit Introduction One of the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan’s top priorities is the safety of Londoners. Purpose of this guide This guide provides lorry operators with information on the vehicle guidance for operators The Mayor has adopted Vision Zero for road danger in London, aiming for all deaths requirements for getting a safety permit. More information on the permit application process is available on the entering London and serious injuries from road collisions to be eliminated from London’s streets by 2041. Vision Zero means ensuring the street TfL permit application web portal. Do I need a safety permit? environment incorporates safe speeds, All HGVs more than 12 tonnes GVW safe behaviours, safe street design and safe entering or operating in Greater London HGVs more than 12 tonnes gross vehicle weight vehicles to target road danger at its source. need to hold a v a l i d safety permit. The application process for the safety (GVW) will require an HGV safety permit to operate To achieve this target and reduce risk permits opened on 28 October 2019. relating to heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) Enforcement will be introduced from in Greater London. This guidance explains what this and people walking and cycling, we have 1 March 2021 .The scheme will be means for your vehicles. developed the world’s first Direct Vision enforced across Greater London, 24 Standard (DVS) and a safety permit for all hours a day, seven days a week. lorries more than 12 tonnes GVW entering or operating in Greater London. For more information on the safety permit proposals visit: tfl.gov.uk/direct-vision-HGVs HGV safety permit guidance 3
How do I make my vehicle compliant? What is the Safe System? Cyclist casualties from collisions with HGVs – London vs GB regions 2006-2015 1. If your vehicle meets the minimum The Safe System is a series of vehicle (approximate casualties per billion cyclist kilometre) DVS star rating, you will be able to safety measures (fitted after point of 10 apply for a permit (see section 1.1). manufacture) which are designed to reduce the risks that HGVs present to 9 From enforcement commencement, people walking and cycling. To ensure the minimum DVS rating will be one consistency, the Safe System is aligned to 8 star to enter or operate in Greater other scheme requirements and existing London and this will then increase to a regulations where possible. 7 minimum of three stars in 2024. The Safe System requirements have 6 2. If your vehicle does not meet the been identified as current industry good 5 m i n i m u m DVS star rating, you will practice by an independent advisory group need to meet the ‘Safe System’ with representatives from cycling and 4 requirements to be granted a permit pedestrian groups, industry trade (see sections 1.2-1.4). associations, vehicle manufacturers and 3 government organisations. It is unlawful to: 2 Where can I purchase Safe ♦ Operate an HGV more than System equipment? 1 12 tonnes GVW in Greater London No specific make or brand of equipment or 0 without a permit technology will be mandated as part of the Safe System. London GB Manchester Merseyside South Yorkshire Tyne & Wear West Midlands West Yorkshire ♦ Breach safety permit conditions Safe System equipment can be purchased, What is the Direct Vision Standard? though not exclusively, □ London ▀ Great Britain ▀ Other GB Average The DVS has been developed in order to via the following organisations: regions address the high number of collisions in London involving HGVs and people walking ♦ Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme Exemptions and cycling. Any proposed updates to the Safe A list of vehicle exemptions can be www.fors-online.org.uk/cms/suppliers- System for 2024 will be subject to public found in Appendix A. The DVS objectively measures a driver’s and-supporters-offers consultation in 2022. direct view through the windows of an Applying for a permit HGV cab. This is communicated as a star Freight Transport Association Zero, one and two star-rated vehicles There is no charge for safety permits. rating from zero (poor) to five (excellent), www.shop.fta.co.uk will need to feature the Progressive Safe which indicates the level of risk to people System from 2024. Permit duration walking and cycling near the vehicle. Scheme tightening Zero star-rated vehicles with an The first review of the Safe System is The Progressive Safe System will only approved Safe System will be granted The DVS has been developed in scheduled for 2024, when it is proposed include equipment that: a permit until 2024 consultation with an expert panel the minimum DVS star rating will be comprising researchers, academics and increased to three stars. This review will Can be retrofitted to the HGV One and two star-rated vehicles will representatives from the freight industry, take into account any additional technology be granted permits until 2024 Europe’s foremost HGV manufacturers and or safety equipment that was not available Is industry recognised and readily regulatory bodies. in 2020. This will become known as the available on the market at the time Three, four and five star-rated Progressive Safe System. vehicles will be granted a 10-year Is not cost prohibitive permit 4 HGV safety permit guidance HGV safety permit guidance 5
HGV safety .1 Principal requirement – direct vision permit requirements .1.1 Vehicle star rating requirement All vehicles shall obtain a star rating under the DVS system.1 Every vehicle must meet a the conditions of the permit. Operators must be able to demonstrate compliance with these requirements when applying minimum DVS star rating of one star, unless for the safety permit exempt from the scheme (see Appendix A). .1.4 Recommended specification The following matters (1.1 to 2.3) apply to Operators of vehicles rated at one star or all HGVs more than 12 tonnes GVW. 0 Limited direct vision above are also encouraged to fit voluntarily the supplementary safety features outlined 1 in requirements 2 to 2.3. 2 A record of star ratings will be kept by the 3 vehicle manufacturer and passed on to TfL. Permits will not be automatically issued; 4 fleet operators will still be required to apply for a permit when a new vehicle is 5 Increased direct vision procured. Note: For existing vehicles, manufacturers .1.2 Purpose will consider ratings based on the vehicle To ensure a minimum standard of a driver’s chassis number as provided by the operator. direct field of view and reduce the risk of Any DVS rating advised will reflect the close-proximity blind spot collisions. specification of the vehicle at first stage manufacture; multi-stage manufacture and .1.3 Demonstration later modifications are not reflected in the The rating shall be determined by the DVS rating. Your manufacturer will be able vehicle’s manufacturer using the approved to advise. HGV DVS technical protocol. Where this rating is one star or above, fleet operators will be able to apply for a safety permit with no further mandatory For more information on DVS action required star ratings and vehicle manufacturer contact details, visit: Where this rating is zero star, or where tfl.gov.uk/direct-vision-HGVs a vehicle is unable to be rated, ¹ the vehicle shall be fitted with mitigating safety features as outlined in requirements 2 to 2.3, which will be 1 HGVs that pre-date available vehicle manufacturer data (therefore being LEZ non-compliant) and a select number of low volume ranges will be assigned an automatic zero star rating unless data or other evidence is supplied by the operator that the vehicle should be classed as having a higher star rating HGV safety permit guidance 7
Good direct vision HGV star rating boundaries With zero star eye point, a driver will not be able to see the head and shoulders of a small European female 4.5m away from the cab side Blind spot between what can be seen in mirrors and what can be seen directly A B C D Poor direct vision Distance of vulnerable road user from the passenger side greater than 4.5m for zero star Category Description A Zero star eye point B One star eye point C Three star eye point D Five star eye point 8 HGV safety permit requirements HGV safety permit guidance 9
2. Safe System – for vehicles rated zero star only Research has shown that direct vision is Overview of Safe System requirements HGV Safe the future in creating safer vehicles and for zero star-rated vehicles: System safer urban environments. However, for direct vision to be implemented effectively a certain lead time is needed: in particular, 1. Class V mirror must be fitted time for the next generation of cab design to the nearside of the vehicle Class V and VI mirrors to be available on the market and time for operators’ fleet turnover. 2. Class VI mirror must be fitted to the front of the vehicle As HGV collisions with people walking and cycling present a significant problem 3. Side under-run protection must be on London’s roads today, we cannot afford fitted to both sides of the vehicle to wait for this change to take place. The (except where this is impractical or introduction of a Safe System as part of proves to be impossible) the HGV safety permit scheme serves as a mitigation to enhance vehicle safety 4. External pictorial stickers on London’s roads today, until the more and markings must be displayed fundamental change of increased direct on vehicles to warn vulnerable vision is achieved. road users of the hazards around the vehicle Blind-spot cameras Side under-run protection 5. A sensor system that alerts Close-proximity (on both sides) the driver to the presence of a sensors vulnerable road user must be fitted to the nearside of the vehicle 6. Audible vehicle manoeuvring warning must be fitted to warn vulnerable road users when a vehicle is turning left 7. A fully operational camera monitoring system must be fitted to the nearside of the vehicle Audible alert for Prominent pictorial vehicle turning left warning signage 10 HGV safety permit requirements HGV safety permit guidance 11
2.1 Indirect vision Safe System permit conditions Required equipment: 2.1.4 Recommended specification The following vehicle requirements are mandatory for the Safe System. Class V mirror must be fitted to the nearside of the vehicle Mirrors Sensors 2.1.1 Vehicle requirement Class V and VI mirrors must fulfil the Sensors on rigid vehicles should ensure Vehicles that do not meet the minimum Class VI mirror must be fitted to fitment requirements contained in coverage six metres down the nearside one-star direct vision rating (see 1.1) must the front of the vehicle UNECE Regulation 46.² or one metre from the rear of the have front and side blind spots completely eliminated or minimised as far as practical A fully operational camera monitoring vehicle, whichever is smaller. Sensors Camera monitoring systems should not activate in relation to and possible through the use of each of system must be fitted to the nearside the following: of the vehicle Camera monitoring systems should aim roadside furniture or stationary to completely eliminate or minimise vehicles. In the case of tractor units, A fully operational camera A sensor system alerting the driver the remaining vehicle blind spot at the these should be suitably positioned to monitoring system to the presence of a person walking or nearside as far as is practical and provide sufficient coverage, but cycling must be fitted to the nearside of possible. preventing activation solely on Both Class V and VI mirrors the vehicle articulation of In-cab monitors should ideally be the trailer. A sensor system with driver alerts Left-hand drive vehicles positioned close to a window edge Left-hand drive vehicles shall require or existing mirror location (without Sensor systems should operate 2.1.2 Purpose the same equipment as right-hand drive obscuring the view through the regardless of whether the direction To improve visibility for drivers and vehicles. Mirrors, cameras and sensors window) to minimise the time the indicators are activated and may switch reduce the risk of close-proximity blind must be fitted appropriately to account driver needs to take their eyes from off at speeds above 20mph. spot collisions. for the blind spot on the right-hand side other important views to scan the of the vehicle. monitor. Monitors only intended to We also recommend additional front 2.1.3 Demonstration show blind spots related to low sensors with coverage as defined by the Indirect vision aids shall be fitted to the Note: No specific make or brand of speed manoeuvring (i.e. not mirror UNECE Regulation 46 Class VI mirror front and nearside of all vehicles. equipment or technology will be mandated replacement cameras) may switch coverage zone. as part of the safe system. off at speeds above 20mph. Checking equipment For best practice guidance on Operators should make regular checks quality of monitor images refer to and take all reasonable measures to UNECE Regulation 46 Class V and ensure all indirect vision systems and Regulation 33 – The Road Vehicles VI mirror replacement camera driver alerts remain fully operational. (Construction and Use) Regulations monitoring systems. It is the operator’s responsibility for any 1986 – Mirrors camera equipment and associated footage to comply with General Data Regulation 46 UNECE – approval of Protection Regulation. devices for indirect vision It is recommended that indirect vision devices require a minimum amount of driver intervention. 2 Camera monitoring devices may be fitted to the vehicle as an alternative to fitting a Class V and/ or Class VI mirror where doing so is permitted by UNECE Regulation 46 12 HGV safety permit requirements HGV safety permit guidance 13
Class V mirror Class VI mirror Camera monitoring system Sensor system with driver alerts 6 metres Camera monitoring systems should aim to completely eliminate or minimise the remaining vehicle blind spot at the nearside as far as is practical and possible. Class V mirror shall be fitted to the Class VI mirror shall be fitted to the 1 metre nearside of the vehicle front of the vehicle It is recommended that sensors on rigid vehicles and articulated tractor units have coverage six metres down the nearside or one metre from the rear of the vehicle (or tractor unit), whichever is smaller. 14 HGV safety permit requirements HGV safety permit guidance 15
2.2 Warning of intended manoeuvre The following vehicle requirements are 2.2.4 Recommended specification Left-turn audible alarm Warning signage mandatory for the Safe System. 2.2.1 Vehicle requirement Audible warnings All vehicles that do not meet the minimum The volume of the audible warning, one-star direct vision rating (see 1.1) must measured at one metre from the be equipped with enhanced audible means sounder, should be between 65 and to warn other road users of a vehicle’s left 88 decibels/dB(A). manoeuvre, and prominent signage that visually warns other road users not to get The device should have a manual on/ too close to the vehicle. off switch for use between the hours of 23:30 and 07:00. 2.2.2 Purpose To reduce the risk of close-proximity Operators should consider an audible collisions by alerting people walking and warning system that combines cycling to vehicle hazards. spoken warnings and white noise. 2.2.3 Demonstration It is recommended that audible All vehicles must be fitted with equipment warning devices require a minimum Instructional signage to warn people walking and cycling of the amount of driver intervention. vehicle’s intended manoeuvre. For left-hand drive vehicles, the Required equipment: It is recommended that the volume of audible vehicle manoeuvring warning the audible warning, measured at one Audible vehicle warning must be fitted should be fitted to warn people metre from the sounder, should be to warn people walking and cycling walking and cycling when a vehicle is between 65 and 88 decibels. A combination when a vehicle is turning left turning right. of spoken word and white noise should be considered. External pictorial stickers and markings Warning signage must be displayed on vehicles to warn Warning signage should not be people walking and cycling of the hazards offensive and should not give around the vehicle instructional advice to the people walking and cycling. The text point size should be legible by a cyclist or pedestrian at a reasonable distance from the vehicle. 16 HGV safety permit requirements HGV safety permit guidance 17
2.3 Minimising physical impact of a hazard The following vehicle requirement is 2.3.4 Recommended specification Sideguards mandatory for the Safe System. 2.3.1 Vehicle requirement Operators should consider improved All vehicles that do not meet the minimum sideguard design, such as flat panel one-star direct vision rating (see 1.1) shall be sideguard protection. fitted with side under-run protection. 2.3.2 Purpose To minimise the probability and severity of under-run collisions with people walking Regulation 73 UNECE – lateral or cycling. protection devices 2.3.3 Demonstration All vehicles shall be fitted with appropriate side under-run protection except where exempt (see appendix A for list of exemptions). Requirement: Sideguards fitted to both sides of the vehicle unless this is impractical or proves to be impossible Side under-run protection shall be fitted to both sides of the vehicle (except where this is impractical or proves to be impossible) 18 HGV safety permit requirements HGV safety permit guidance 19
Appendix A Table 1: HGVs fully exempt from the HGV safety permit scheme HGV safety Vehicle type DVS exemption Emergency service vehicles, Exempt where applicable such as ambulances and fire It is not considered appropriate to require emergency service vehicles to permit scheme engines, which have a taxation meet the DVS star rating threshold or to comply with the Safe System class of ‘ambulance’ or ‘fire conditions as these vehicles need to be suitable for the operations for engine’ on the date of travel which they are designed exemptions policy Specialist gritting and Fully exempt snow plough vehicles These are specialist, very low-mileage vehicles that are only utilised (London Boroughs) in certain weather conditions Armed Forces vehicles Fully exempt It is not considered appropriate to require Armed Forces trucks to meet the DVS star rating threshold or to comply with the Safe System conditions as Scope HGVs partially exempt from they need to be suitable for the operations for which they are designed The HGV safety permit scheme is only the HGV safety permit scheme Ministry of Defence Fully exempt where applicable applicable to HGVs exceeding 12 tonne Table 2 shows vehicle types that are vehicles/military vehicles It is not considered appropriate to require military trucks to meet the DVS GVW. These are classed as N3 category only partially exempt from specific star rating threshold or to comply with the Safe System conditions as these vehicles. Vehicles falling outside this elements of the HGV safety permit vehicles need to be suitable for the operations for which they are designed category are not required to apply for a scheme. These vehicles must still hold Breakdown organisations/ Fully exempt where applicable permit. a valid permit. Where the following recovery vehicles Exempt for vehicles called out by the emergency services whose load vehicle type is rated zero star and is required for the purposes of dealing with any actual or perceived HGVs fully exempt from the HGV therefore required to fit a Safe System emergency affecting the safety of persons or property safety permit scheme of mitigating measures, they are exempt Historic vehicles Fully exempt Table 1 shows vehicle types that are from the listed equipment only. All vehicles that have a ‘historic’ vehicle tax class will be exempt from the fully exempt from the HGV safety DVS. This tax class excludes any vehicle used commercially. It would be permit scheme and are not inappropriate to require historic vehicles to comply with the Safe System requ i r e d t o hold a permit. permit conditions Showman’s vehicles Fully exempt Showman’s vehicles are eligible for an exemption from DVS if they are registered to a person following the business of a travelling showman and have been modified or specially constructed for this purpose. It would be inappropriate to require showman’s vehicles to comply with the Safe System permit conditions A vehicle to which Fully exempt where applicable no bodywork has been a. For the purpose of a quality or safety check by its manufacturer or a fitted and which is being dealer in, or distributor of, such vehicles driven or towed b. To a place where, by previous arrangement, bodywork is to be fitted or work preparatory to the fitting of bodywork is to be carried out c. By previous arrangement to premises of a dealer or distributor Mobile cranes Exempt These are specialist, low-mileage vehicles requiring special permission to operate in London A vehicle being driven/towed Fully exempt to a place where by previous arrangement Safe System equipment is to be fitted HGV safety permit guidance 21
Table 2: HGVs partially exempt from the HGV safety permit scheme a. Exemptions from sideguards b. Exemptions from Class V and/or VI mirrors Vehicle type DVS exemption Vehicle type DVS exemption Road sweepers Exempt Bonneted vehicles Exempt e.g. Unimog From Class VI mirror only Vehicles fitted with any Exempt Gully emptiers/suckers Exempt combination of direct view As permitted by UNECE Regulation 46 and/or indirect vision devices as an alternative to fitting a Class V or Class VI mirror Breakdown organisations/ Exempt where applicable recovery vehicles (where not Only exempt where the sides of the vehicle are so designed and/or fully exempt) – see condition equipped that by their shape and characteristics their component parts c. Exemptions from camera monitoring systems together meet the requirements as to the fitting of sideguards or provision of lateral under-run protection Vehicle type DVS exemption Tractors for Exempt articulated vehicles No vehicles will be exempt N/A – no vehicle exemptions All trailers used with the exempt tractor unit will be required to fit from fitment of a camera sideguards (unless covered by an additional exemption) monitoring system Vehicles mounted with Exempt where applicable cranes and/or access a. From the forward point of the vehicle stabiliser legs working platforms b. Otherwise where it is not fully practicable to comply with d. Exemptions from sensor system alerting the driver to the requirements as to the fitting of sideguards presence of a vulnerable road user Vehicles fitted with items in Exempt where applicable Vehicle type DVS exemption the area where a sideguard Only where the shape and characteristics of such items or components would otherwise be required would provide lateral under-run protection equal to that of a sideguard, No vehicles will be exempt N/A – no vehicle exemptions to be fitted, such as fuel provided that the spaces between component items providing lateral from fitment of a sensor tanks and equipment boxes under-run protection shall not exceed 300mm system alerting the driver to the presence of a vulnerable Tank-vehicles (that is, a Exempt where applicable road user vehicle designed solely for If it is not possible for practical reasons to comply with requirements the carriage of fluid as to the fitting of sideguards because to do so would prevent (not merely substances in a closed tank hinder) the operation of the vehicle’s hose or pipe connections permanently fitted to the e. Exemptions from left turn audible alarm (right turn for left-hand drive vehicles) vehicle and provided with hose or pipe connections for Vehicle type DVS exemption loading or unloading) No vehicles will be exempt N/A – no vehicle exemptions Vehicle transporters Exempt where applicable from fitment of a left turn (that is, a vehicle specially audible alarm (right turn for If the chassis rails are located on the extremities of the vehicle left-hand vehicles) designed and constructed, and not merely adapted, to carry other vehicles loaded on to it from the front or f. Exemptions from warning signage the rear) Vehicle type DVS exemption Vehicles equipped with Exempt where applicable anchorage points for roll-on/ To the extent that there are gaps within the sideguard to accept the Tractors for Exempt roll-off transport passage and tensioning of fixings or lashings articulated vehicles All trailers used with the tractor unit will be required to fit warning signage 22 Appendix A HGV safety permit guidance 23
Appendix B Permit administration Getting your All HGVs more than 12 tonnes GVW require a HGV safety permit to enter or operate in London, unless exempt. Once a permit expires, a new full application will need to be submitted. HGV safety permit Operators of vehicles requiring a permit need to apply to TfL. Permits are issued electronically only. Operators will receive If your vehicle is zero star-rated, you will need to upload two photos a permit reference number with their (front/side and rear/side) as evidence confirmation email but no certificate or that it has been fitted with the Safe hard copy permit will be issued. There is Step 1 no requirement to produce this permit System equipment. Do you require a HGV safety permit? reference at any point as enforcement is Zero-star permits will be valid carried out by comparing the TfL database until October 2024 of vehicle registrations with valid permits Step 2 with the automatic number plate Find out your Direct Vision star rating recognition (ANPR) camera captures of vehicles entering London. One and two-star permits will be valid until October 2024 Step 3 Where a vehicle with a valid permit is sold Safe System requirements and purchased by a new owner, they must apply for a new permit. This will ensure Three, four and five-star permits records for enforcement are up to date. Step 4 will be valid for 10 years Permit duration Apply for your permit The duration of the permit will depend on the following factors: Permit cost ♦ Zero-star vehicles with an approved Permits are free of charge – there is no Safe System will be granted a permit cost to the operator when applying for until 2024 (when the Progressive Safe the permit(s). System will be required for vehicles rated two star or below) Permit scheme breach A HGV found to be in breach of the ♦ One and two-star vehicles will be permit scheme will be issued a Penalty granted permits until 2024 (when the Charge Notice (PCN) of up to £550 Progressive Safe System will be (reduced by 50 per cent if paid required) within 14 days). TfL also have the ability to revoke or suspend a permit if a vehicle that ♦ Three, four and five-star vehicles has been granted a permit is later found to will be granted a 10 year permit be in breach of the permit conditions. These conditions will be clearly communicated during the online application process. HGV safety permit guidance 25
Step 1 Do you require a A10 HGV safety permit? A1 HGVs more than 12 tonnes GVW only (not cars, vans, buses or coaches) A12 Enforced throughout the Greater London area (see map), 24 hours a day, seven days a week See map of roads affected by the HGV A41 A406 safety permit scheme with enforcement taking place within the London-wide area. A40 A13 A downloadable pdf version of the map is available on our website. Vehicles out of scope (12 tonnes GVW or more/less) A4 A30 A2 A316 A20 Vehicles in scope A3 (more than 12 tonnes GVW) A23 A21 A24 Key Central London Inner London London-wide GLA Boundary Selected A Roads included in the LEZ 26 Appendix B HGV safety permit guidance 27
Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Find out your direct Safe System requirements Apply for your permit vision star rating (Is your HGV rated zero star?) When ready, visit: tfl.gov.uk/direct-vision-permit Check whether TfL holds You will need to fit additional to apply for a permit online a star rating for your vehicle safety equipment – a ‘Safe System’ tfl.gov.uk/direct-vision-permit (see page 11) Enter vehicle details (or multiple vehicles via a spreadsheet template) If the star rating is not available, This includes: and check ratings then phone or email your vehicle » Class V and VI mirrors manufacturer with the VIN Enter operator details number of your HGV » Sideguards » Camera monitoring system Enter contact details Vehicle manufacturer will advise the star rating » Sensor system with driver alert If zero star » Left-turn audible alarm Send us the star rating of your » Upload two photos of vehicle via the TfL contact page » Warning signage Safe System equipment tfl.gov.uk/contact-dvs » Submit your application Once vehicle is fitted with equipment, If zero star – see step 3 apply for permit (step 4) » Application will be reviewed and accepted (permit issued) or If one to five star – see step 4 rejected with reasons (re-apply) If one to five star – electronic permit will be granted VIN number tfl.gov.uk Apply 28 Appendix B HGV safety permit guidance 29
© Transport for London November 2019 tfl.gov.uk PUB19_064
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