GLOBAL SUMMARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS - Week Commencing 15th March MAR 2021

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GLOBAL SUMMARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS - Week Commencing 15th March MAR 2021
MAR 2021

GLOBAL
SUMMARY
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Week Commencing 15th March
GLOBAL SUMMARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS - Week Commencing 15th March MAR 2021
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 Contents
 Global ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
 Premium-Centric Markets Show Fastest Post-Covid Recoveries On Telecoms Index...................................................................................... 4

 Africa.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
 Quick View: E-Services, Tech-Intensive Businesses To Benefit From Botswana Data Centre ....................................................................... 7

 Europe ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
 Quick View: Israel FTTH Market Gains Momentum With Bezeq Launch................................................................................................................. 9

 Middle East ....................................................................................................................................................................................11
 Quick View: Israel FTTH Market Gains Momentum With Bezeq Launch................................................................................................................. 9
 Quick View: Connected Car Project To Boost STC's 4IR Momentum ....................................................................................................................13

 North America ..............................................................................................................................................................................15
 Quick View: Rogers-Shaw Merger A Boon For 5G/IoT But Costly For Consumers ...........................................................................................15

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   2021
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         Fitch
             ch Solutions Gr
                          Group
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                                                        eserved.
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THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                        3
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 Global
 Premium-Centric Markets Show Fastest Post-Covid Recoveries On
 Telecoms Index
 Key View

 • The average score for the 10 Developed Markets we survey as part of our Risk/Reward Index improved by 0.2 points to 77.2 out
   of 100.
 • Fourth-quarter 2020 data had not been reported for all markets at the time the Index was refreshed, meaning that assessments
   continued to be weighed down by the Covid-19 pandemic on global supply chains and consumer spending attitudes.
 • All 10 of the markets surveyed were impacted most in the mobile and pay-TV segments, while fixed broadband also took a hit to
   a certain extent.

 Full-year data will likely show an improved outlook as physical retail channels re-opened and new flagship smartphones - such as
 Apple's first 5G devices - were launched, boosting mobile subscription growth rates. However, highly saturated markets such as
 Japan and markets where disposable incomes are likely to remain constrained due to high unemployment rates and slower
 economic recoveries amid third- and fourth-wave Covid-19 breakouts, will not improve to the same degree. It will be interesting, too,
 to see whether the traditional pay-TV business will rebound, as the loss of sporting coverage during the pandemic forced
 consumers onto alternative, streaming-based platforms, from which they may not return. This is an issue for all 10 of our Developed
 Markets, which have a high penetration rate of linear cable and satellite TV services.

 The United States has outperformed in this quarter's update, increasing its overall score by 1.2 points to reach 83.5 out of a
 potential 100 points. The country benefits from 1.1-point improvement in its Country Risks profile, with the transition to a
 Democrat-led government promising a more balanced approach to domestic and international politics and economic relations
 after the inward-looking and abrasive approach favoured by the departing Republican regime. The new government does have its
 work cut out, however, dealing with very high unemployment rates and a still-growing Covid-19 infection rate that the new range of
 vaccinations will not be able to curb in the short term. There is also little sign, so far, of the new administration easing off on the
 economic pressure being applied on China, a country that remains at the centre of the global technology supply chain, so further
 improvements to the Country Risks score are likely to be less pronounced in the coming quarters.

 The US also sees a 2.2-point increase to its Industry Rewards score, to 85.9 points, as Q3 and preliminary Q4 data showed a strong
 resurgence on mobile subscriptions, mostly in the postpaid/contract arena. Some of that growth will have been driven by iPhone
 upgrades, but we believe many consumers and businesses that had relied on low-cost prepaid plans are now shifting to postpaid
 given the need for more robust data packages in a work-from-home environment that is unlikely to disappear post-Covid.

 Canada is the other outperformer, seeing its overall RRI score improve by 0.7 points to 77.5. There is a 0.7-point increase to its
 Country Risks score, linked to a marked thawing in its political and economic relations with the US, its closest neighbour and
 principal trading partner, again linked to the change in government in the US. More significant, however, is the 1.5-point
 improvement in Canada's Industry Rewards score, with Q3 data showing a marked recovery in subscriber growth after the initial
 wave of Covid-19-driven lockdowns and supply chain disruptions. The availability of the new iPhones in Q4 will ensure that this
 upward momentum continues. In Canada and the US, while pay-TV-dependent telcos were hit by customer migration from their
 linear TV services, they at least benefited from increased traffic flowing over their networks and greater usage of broadband services
 in general, particularly for entertainment and productivity purposes, and this has helped push fibre connection uptake rates to faster
 than those previously envisaged.

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      4
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

                                                                    Most Mature Markets Recovering Quickly
                                                                Selected Developed Markets Telecoms RRIs, Q221

 Note: Scores out of 100, with high scores denoting low risk. Source: Fitch Solutions

 Canada overtakes Germany to become the fifth most attractive Developed Market, its improved scores easing it just ahead of the
 European industrial powerhouse, which itself sees no notable score changes this quarter. This is not to say that Germany has
 performed poorly; rather, it is the case that the country moved in the directions and at the pace we had been expecting and the
 relatively slow vaccine distribution programme will likely hold the country back in the short to medium term.

 Israel, by contrast, has outperformed in terms of its vaccination drive, with one of the highest inoculation rates in the world at the
 time of writing. This will help the country's economic recovery, relative to its peers, as it is a tech innovation hub in the Middle East
 but depends highly on uninterrupted trade and distribution flows for success. Its telecoms market, however, is a different matter
 altogether: power is concentrated among three key providers, all of whom compete aggressively for control over a very small
 addressable market, with price competition exacerbated by the presence of a large number of sub-brand, discount and specialised
 players.

 Israel's Rewards profile is not much changed since last quarter, with the short-term boost in broadband usage providing a small
 degree of uplift in this quarter's update. There is, however, a one-point increase to Israel's Country Risks score as lines of
 communication between Israel and some of its neighbours reopened in light of a Trump government-brokered accord. That
 agreement is based on a very tenuous understanding concerning economic stability, but the political risks remain elevated and the
 accord may not prove to be long-lasting. The long-term outcome will not have much impact on the relatively unattractive nature of
 the Israeli telecoms market and there are few opportunities for new and/or foreign investors in this relatively closed ecosystem.

  DEVELOPED MARKETS TELECOMMUNICATIONS RISK/REWARD INDEX, Q2 2021
                                   Industry                   Country                                  Industry               Country                                     Regional               Global
                                                                              REWARDS                                                         RISKS        RRI
                                   Rewards                    Rewards                                       Risks                 Risks                                         Rank               Rank

 USA                                      85.9                       68.3              79.7                   94.2                  90.5         92.3 83.5                            1                 1

 UK                                       85.4                       64.2              77.9                   96.6                  91.0         93.8 82.7                            2                 2

 France                                   81.2                       63.3              75.0                   91.6                  86.2         88.9 79.1                            3                 5

 Australia                                74.3                       68.7              72.3                   92.1                  87.5         89.8 77.6                            4                 7

 Canada                                   79.5                       61.5              73.2                   82.3                  92.8         87.6 77.5                            5                 8

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                          5
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

                                   Industry                   Country                                  Industry               Country                                     Regional               Global
                                                                              REWARDS                                                         RISKS        RRI
                                   Rewards                    Rewards                                       Risks                 Risks                                         Rank               Rank

 Germany                                  78.1                       55.9              70.3                   91.6                  93.1         92.4 76.9                            6                 12

 Israel                                   75.9                       78.9              77.0                   69.7                  79.1         74.4 76.2                            7                 14

 Spain                                    83.1                       55.1              73.3                   85.8                  76.7         81.3 75.7                            8                 15

 Japan                                    74.7                       59.3              69.3                   85.8                  87.7         86.8 74.6                            9                 20

 Italy                                    67.7                       49.6              61.3                   91.6                  74.0         82.8 67.8                          10                  36

 Regional
                                          78.6                       62.5               72.9                  88.1                   85.9        87.0 77.2                            -                  -
 Aver
   erage
      age

 Global A
        Avver
           erage
              age                         50.0                       50.0               50.0                  50.0                   50.0        50.0 50.0                            -                  -

 Note: Scores out of 100; higher score = lower risk. Source: Fitch Solutions' Telecommunications Risk/Reward Index

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                           6
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 Africa
 Quick View: E-Services, Tech-Intensive Businesses To Benefit From
 Botswana Data Centre
 The Latest: State-owned Botswana Fibre Networks (BoFiNet) is building a Tier III+ data centre in the capital Gaborone. Set for
 completion in late 2021, it will host at least 400 racks in 1,000 square metres of white space, making it the country’s largest data
 centre.

 Implications: BoFiNet is investing to meet growing demand for enterprise and consumer cloud services and applications, areas
 where only private players - including SEACOM and Liquid Telecom - have been investing so far. To date, the state has invested
 mainly in the development of backbone infrastructure, including international cable systems, including access to the East and West
 Africa Cable Systems. The wholesale fibre service provider will leverage its 9,200km fibre footprint to augment its data hosting
 offering.

 The government will be a key beneficiary of the data centre as it pursues its 11th National Development Plan 2017-2023, focused
 on increasing capital spending on key projects including boosting technology infrastructure deployment and ICT services adoption.
 Under the plan the government has committed resources for the implementation of e-Government, e-Health, e-Education and e-
 Commerce services. We anticipate an acceleration in cloud migration in order to generate efficiencies in public service delivery and
 operations, as well as to underpin new e-government services.

 Within the plan, the Smart Botswana initiative targets the use of disruptive technologies to improve transportation, logistics and
 security. However, deeper opportunities exist for the integration of technologies such the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence
 and even 5G-powered applications targeting more efficient use of resources such as water, electricity and urban spaces. The
 country's first smart city, Kgale Lake City (construction of which began in 2018), will serve as a key testbed for these technologies.

 Meanwhile, in the private sector, increased cloud migration from large enterprises is also a lucrative proposition for BoFiNet. We
 believe prospects are strongest in more technologically intensive verticals such as financial services, ICT, manufacturing and
 logistics.

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      7
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

                                                               BoFiNet Seeking A Larger Slice Of The Market
                                                       Middle East And Africa: Cloud Spending (USDmn), 2020-2024

 e/f = Fitch Solutions estimate/forecast. Source: Fitch Solutions

 Upsides for stronger uptake of IT solutions and services from this base are posed by the country’s strong economic outlook, and
 Botswana’s growing appeal as a business-friendly investment destination. Our Country Risk team expects that Botswana's GDP will
 recover by 5.1% in real terms in 2021 after an estimated 8% contraction in 2020. That said, we anticipate limited adoption of cloud
 solutions among small firms in the short to medium term, as many businesses currently have very low utilisation of technology
 beyond basic services and applications.

 What’s Next: Through the launch of its data centre, BoFiNet will look to market its data hosting capabilities to more firms in the
 region to boost its revenues. Fitch Solutions believes the Middle East and Sub-Saharan African cloud computing market will be
 worth USD2.42bn in 2021, rising to USD6.46bn by 2024.

 However, the operator will face strong competition from neighbouring South Africa which has long been the region’s data centre
 hub, hosting a range of local, regional and global players. In 2019 Microsoft and Amazon Web Services built data centres in the
 country to serve both local data demand as well as the wider region. We believe that over the near term, relatively expensive
 Internet costs and deep power deficits may dim the appeal of BoFiNet’s offering.

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      8
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 Europe
 Quick View: Israel FTTH Market Gains Momentum With Bezeq Launch
 The Latest: Israel’s incumbent telecoms operator, Bezeq, has launched its Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) service. Bezeq aims to
 cover 40% of households nationwide by the end of 2021 and calls its offering as ‘Israel’s largest infrastructure project’. Bezeq's move
 to commercialisation of FTTH is particularly significant after years of disagreement with the Ministry of Communications (MoC)
 over coverage terms.

 Implications: Bezeq becomes the latest operator in Israel to offer FTTH services: rival operators began deploying fibre networks in
 order to compete with the incumbent’s monopoly on traditional fixed line infrastructure, but seem to have made little progress
 while their mobile broadband services remain competitively priced. However, Bezeq is responding to strengthening competition in
 the fibre market from the Israel Broadband Company (IBC) and Partner. In January 2021, the MoC approved Hot Telecom's
 investment in the IBC, in which it joined Cellcom with a 23.3% stake in the consortium.

 Partner took the opportunity of Bezeq's announcement to report it was already providing FTTH services to 150,000 customers. This
 is the first time it has disclosed actual customer numbers and this reinforces our view that the pace of its rollout has been slow,
 hence its decision to seek an investor to buy a 20% stake in its fibre business.

 As of Q320, Bezeq supplied 1.5mn customers with broadband services over its traditional copper network, meaning that it has a
 sizeable user base to persuade to upgrade to faster fibre. However, Bezeq notes that its FTTH prices would be higher than those of
 its competitors and that it would charge installation fees, in contrast to Partner and Cellcom. This could lead to Bezeq’s offering
 being disregarded by many customers, but may also drive up average revenue per-user (ARPU) levels as the other operators may
 take the opportunity to increase their prices.

                                                                              Bezeq's Monopoly Still Evident
                                                                             Wireline Market Shares, Q220 (%)

 Regulator, Operators, Fitch Solutions

 Israel’s adoption of high-speed internet access has been very slow, so far, largely hindered by Bezeq's monopoly on the sector
 stalling development and competition, but not helped by the low cost of mobile data and broadband services. Disagreements
THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      9
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 between Bezeq and the MoC over the scale of fibre rollout have also hampered progress; as the incumbent, Bezeq has coverage
 and service quality obligations that its mobile-first rivals do not.

 On the upside, the Covid-19 pandemic has added urgency to the deployment of high-speed internet capability after a massive
 surge in demand precipitated by remote work and education. Thus, Israel’s MoC has made fibre development a priority. We suspect
 that that Bezeq's offering, as well as HOT's acquisition of a stake in IBC will provide much-needed competition to Israel's fibre
 segment, finally providing a catalyst for mass uptake.

 What’s Next: As a result of growing momentum in Israel's fibre broadband market, we have revised upwards our forecast for the
 fixed broadband market over the medium term. However, we believe that Israel will continue to lag behind its neighbours in terms of
 fibre offering, particularly due to the advent of 5G offering even faster mobile broadband connectivity whilst still being cheaper than
 a fibre internet package. Deployment of fibre is massively capital intensive, and incumbent operator Bezeq has already been in
 disagreement with the government over its ability to meet the rollout demands of the MoC, claiming it is not financially suitable to
 do so. Opening up to external investors - as its rivals have done - is an option, but there are no other independent players in the
 market at present and the closed nature of that market will deter foreign investors.

                                                                               Wireline Forecasts
                                                       Israel - Wireline Voice & Broadband Subscriptions (2020-2030)

 e/f = Fitch Solutions estimate/forecast. Source: Operators, Fitch Solutions

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      10
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 Middle East
 Quick View: Israel FTTH Market Gains Momentum With Bezeq Launch
 The Latest: Israel’s incumbent telecoms operator, Bezeq, has launched its Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) service. Bezeq aims to
 cover 40% of households nationwide by the end of 2021 and calls its offering as ‘Israel’s largest infrastructure project’. Bezeq's move
 to commercialisation of FTTH is particularly significant after years of disagreement with the Ministry of Communications (MoC)
 over coverage terms.

 Implications: Bezeq becomes the latest operator in Israel to offer FTTH services: rival operators began deploying fibre networks in
 order to compete with the incumbent’s monopoly on traditional fixed line infrastructure, but seem to have made little progress
 while their mobile broadband services remain competitively priced. However, Bezeq is responding to strengthening competition in
 the fibre market from the Israel Broadband Company (IBC) and Partner. In January 2021, the MoC approved Hot Telecom's
 investment in the IBC, in which it joined Cellcom with a 23.3% stake in the consortium.

 Partner took the opportunity of Bezeq's announcement to report it was already providing FTTH services to 150,000 customers. This
 is the first time it has disclosed actual customer numbers and this reinforces our view that the pace of its rollout has been slow,
 hence its decision to seek an investor to buy a 20% stake in its fibre business.

 As of Q320, Bezeq supplied 1.5mn customers with broadband services over its traditional copper network, meaning that it has a
 sizeable user base to persuade to upgrade to faster fibre. However, Bezeq notes that its FTTH prices would be higher than those of
 its competitors and that it would charge installation fees, in contrast to Partner and Cellcom. This could lead to Bezeq’s offering
 being disregarded by many customers, but may also drive up average revenue per-user (ARPU) levels as the other operators may
 take the opportunity to increase their prices.

                                                                              Bezeq's Monopoly Still Evident
                                                                             Wireline Market Shares, Q220 (%)

 Regulator, Operators, Fitch Solutions

 Israel’s adoption of high-speed internet access has been very slow, so far, largely hindered by Bezeq's monopoly on the sector
 stalling development and competition, but not helped by the low cost of mobile data and broadband services. Disagreements
THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      11
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 between Bezeq and the MoC over the scale of fibre rollout have also hampered progress; as the incumbent, Bezeq has coverage
 and service quality obligations that its mobile-first rivals do not.

 On the upside, the Covid-19 pandemic has added urgency to the deployment of high-speed internet capability after a massive
 surge in demand precipitated by remote work and education. Thus, Israel’s MoC has made fibre development a priority. We suspect
 that that Bezeq's offering, as well as HOT's acquisition of a stake in IBC will provide much-needed competition to Israel's fibre
 segment, finally providing a catalyst for mass uptake.

 What’s Next: As a result of growing momentum in Israel's fibre broadband market, we have revised upwards our forecast for the
 fixed broadband market over the medium term. However, we believe that Israel will continue to lag behind its neighbours in terms of
 fibre offering, particularly due to the advent of 5G offering even faster mobile broadband connectivity whilst still being cheaper than
 a fibre internet package. Deployment of fibre is massively capital intensive, and incumbent operator Bezeq has already been in
 disagreement with the government over its ability to meet the rollout demands of the MoC, claiming it is not financially suitable to
 do so. Opening up to external investors - as its rivals have done - is an option, but there are no other independent players in the
 market at present and the closed nature of that market will deter foreign investors.

                                                                               Wireline Forecasts
                                                       Israel - Wireline Voice & Broadband Subscriptions (2020-2030)

 e/f = Fitch Solutions estimate/forecast. Source: Operators, Fitch Solutions

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      12
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 Quick View: Connected Car Project To Boost STC's 4IR Momentum
 The Latest: Saudi Telecommunications Company (STC) has announced a partnership with Cubic Telecom, a leading
 provider of connected vehicle software.

 Implications: STC and Cubic Telecom aim to make connected cars a mass-market proposition in Saudi Arabia. Cubic Telecom’s
 software can be installed at the point of manufacture and can be pre-configured to meet the regulatory
 requirements of the region, reducing time-to-market for any car manufacturer aiming to extract additional value
 from the country's massive autos market. The project aligns with the Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to digitalise and
 diversify the economy away from the hydrocarbon sector and pioneer emerging Industry 4.0 technologies.

 Notably, the Saudi Vision 2030 focuses on ‘people safety’, intending to reduce the number of road traffic accidents in the Kingdom.
 One of the services being worked on by the partnership is an ‘emergency call’ button, which would automatically call emergency
 services in the event of an accident. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology and advanced data analytics provided by STC can be used
 to assess driver behaviour, alerting the driver to potential dangers.

 The venture also meets the requirements of STC's own digitalisation strategy, DARE, particularly its second phase directed towards
 facilitating digital transformation in sectors other than telecommunications.

 Connected cars would become part of a wider Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem by leveraging STC’s extensive mobile network,
 as well as its new digital operations control centre, opened in March 2021 and tasked with supporting STC's growing digital projects
 business. As Saudi Arabia plans to create the Middle East’s largest 5G network - utilising around 10,000 base stations to give 5G
 access to 71 cities - the partnership has commercial as well as societal upsides.

                                                                         5G Capabilities Drive Capex Spending
                                                                        Capex By Operator (SARbn) 2017-2020

 Source: Operators, Fitch Solutions

 Investing in projects such as this serves to diversify STC’s revenues, meaning the operator can rely less on low-margin traditional
 mobile services and tap into greater revenue streams such as advanced data services.

 What’s Next: Continual deployment of telecoms infrastructure and projects such as this one with Cubic Telecom are capital
THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      13
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 intensive and require sustained proficiency, particularly in providing efficient security. The IoT poses significant cybersecurity risks: at
 the heart of our long-term view for digital ecosystems is the notable risk that anything connected can be hacked. Therefore,
 operators will need to invest in robust cybersecurity infrastructure that promises business continuity and user safety.

 STC has demonstrated early commitment and success in offering cybersecurity, both with the creation of the 'Advanced
 Technology and Cybersecurity Company' under the STC Solutions arm of the business and in providing cybersecurity protection
 during the G20 Riyadh Summit in 2020. STC is considering an Initial Public Offering (IPO) that would list shares of its Solutions arm
 on the Saudi Stock Exchange. An IPO would give Solutions access to a large pool of investment capital to continue enhancing its
 Industry 4.0 offerings, while increased transparency and regulatory oversight from a listing would encourage more partners to work
 with the company.

                                                       Growing IT Market Drives Demand For Cybersecurity Solutions
                                                               Saudi Arabia IT Market Forecast (2019-2025)

 e/f = Fitch Solutions estimate/forecast. Source: Fitch Solutions

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      14
Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

 North America
 Quick View: Rogers-Shaw Merger A Boon For 5G/IoT But Costly For
 Consumers
 The Latest: Rogers Communications has agreed to buy Shaw Communications in a deal valued at CAD26bn (USD20.8bn).

 Implications: Concentration of power in the fixed broadband and mobile services markets, plus the loss of a distinctive budget
 mobile brand will be the main regulatory arguments against the transaction, but faster 5G/IoT rollout, increased rural commitments
 and lower costs to consumers could secure approval.

 Rogers would invest CAD2.5bn to deploy 5G infrastructure across Western Canada over a five-year period, targeting more cities and
 rural areas than it or Shaw would have been able to commit to servicing independently, and sooner. A further CAD1bn would be
 spent on improving Internet connectivity in rural areas and locations hosting indigenous communities, a key target for regulators,
 while CAD3bn would be spent on 'additional networks, services and technology' needs of consumers and businesses, such as IoT.
 There is also a commitment to preserving jobs, upskilling some segments of the workforce and creating new jobs.

 Industry and competition regulators would, however, need to weigh the promises made by Rogers against the impact of increased
 market power the enlarged Rogers would enjoy. The main issue would be in the mobile arena, where Shaw's Freedom Mobile and
 Shaw Mobile businesses would become part of the Rogers Mobile portfolio. Freedom would add 5% of the national market to give
 Rogers a clear lead with a 36% share, leaving Telus and BCE with just under 30% apiece, so the arguments against the deal would
 not necessarily focus on market share, but rather the impact on pricing and consumer choice.

 Significantly, the move would draw a line under long-standing efforts to improve consumer choice and drive down prices: in
 its previous incarnation as WIND, Freedom had succeeded in forcing Rogers, Telus and BCE to become more price competitive and
 innovative. Some impetus was lost after WIND - the sole survivor of a quartet of new players - was sold to Shaw, and despite Rogers'
 insistence that it will not alter pricing plans for three years, it is likely that the brand would eventually be de-emphasised, given
 Rogers' focus on premium TV- and broadband-centric service packages.

 Spectrum ownership could also be an issue, as Freedom's rights in the 700MHz, 1700MHz and 2600MHz band would complement
 Rogers' holdings in those same bands, potentially giving it greater capacity than its rivals. Excess spectrum could be clawed back
 and given to a new entrant, but that seems unlikely given the failure of the mobile market expansion drive; giving excess spectrum
 to Telus and BCE is another possibility, but the overall impact would merely concentrate all three players' power.

 Shaw's fixed broadband business leverages its cable TV infrastructure in British Columbia and Alberta, where it trails slightly behind
 market leader Telus. As Rogers has a limited presence in Western Canada, market positions would not alter significantly, but merger
 costs and infrastructure upgrades could drive up basic costs to consumers, while a more aggressive multi-play drive by Rogers could
 see prices increase over the longer term.

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

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Global Summary Telecommunications | 20210315

                                                                       ARPUs Still Rising, Driven By Data Usage
                                                                      Canada Mobile Usage Metrics, 2014-2019

 Source: CRTC

 What's Next: The deal will need to be scrutinised by several regulatory agencies, including the Canadian Radio-Television
 Commission (CRTC), the Competition Bureau and Innovation, Science & Economic Development Canada (ISED). Rogers has set a
 mid-2022 completion date for the merger.

 While we believe the merger will go through, strict conditions will be set on coverage, quality of service, price freezes/reductions
 and asset redistribution, as outlined above. In the medium term, we believe duplicated passive infrastructure carve-outs (towers,
 data centres, wireline networks) will be attempted, creating some investment opportunities for niche players, while longer-term
 possibilities include the creation of dedicated IoT connectivity and services businesses that could go on to become standalone
 entities. That said, the Canadian telecoms sector lags Europe and Asia with regards to the industry's ongoing transition to an
 Operator-as-a-Service business paradigm, so those opportunities are likely to remain distant for the foreseeable future.

THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS COUNTRY RISK & INDUSTRY RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' Credit Ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely
derived from Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Country Risk & Industry Research.

fitchsolutions.com                                                                                                                                                                                      16
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