Evolution of Asia Pacific subsea cable capacity A golden age for APAN's R&E community - Yves Poppe BBC meeting (Broadband Backbone Committee) APAN 45
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Evolution of Asia Pacific subsea cable capacity
A golden age for APAN’s R&E community
Yves Poppe
BBC meeting (Broadband Backbone Committee)
APAN 45
March 25th-28th 2018, Singapore
Plenty of terabit action continues in AsiaPac
FASTER: launched june 2016
BBG: launched july 2016
APG: launched nov 2016
SEAMEWE-5: launched dec 2016
AAE-1 : launched in july 2017
SEA-US: launched august 16th 2017
2018: NCP. PLCN, Hawaiki
2020: HKA, Jupiter
Source: Telegeography
Pg 2
July 2017: AAE-1 up and running
Goes from Marseille and Singapore and connects 16 countries : France, Italy,
Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Djibouti, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Pakistan,
India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Hong Kong.
25,000 km 100Gbps DWDM technology
with 50Tbps capacity on 5 fiber pairs
from Europe to Thailand,
4 onward to Hong Kong.
Consortium members include: China Unicom, PCCW, Viettel, Etisalat,
Telecom Egypt, Omantel, Djibouti Telecom, Pakistan PTC, Ooredo, Mobily,
Tele Yemen, Djibouti Telecom, OTEGLOBE, Reliance Jio Infocom (India),
Retelit (Italy), Metfone, Hyalroute, Global Transit
Pg 3
APG is the latest intra-Asia workhorse
Asia Pacific Gateway (APG) was launched in November 2016,
100Gbps capable and capacity of 54.8Tbps. Consortium members
include NTT, China Telecom, China Unicom, Chunghwa Telecom, KT
Corporation, StarHub, LG Uplus, China Mobile, Viettel, Vietnam
Telecom International, Global Transit, Facebook and TIME dotcom.
Pg 4
New intra-Asia workhorse on the drawing board: SJC2
Just announced on March 15th 2018
• Will connect Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Taiwan,
mainland China, Korea and Japan.
• Partners are China Mobile International, Chunghwa Telecom, Chuan Wei,
Facebook, KDDI, Singtel, SK Broadband and VNPT
• Design capacity of 144Tbps on eight fibre pairs.
• RFS Q4 2020
Asia Pac Subsea capacity:
2017 was a banner year
2016 had seen the activation of
• the US-Japan FASTER cable (60Tbs),
• the Singapore-Malaysia-Oman-UAE BBG (Bay of Bengal) cable
• the long awaited SEAMEWE-5
• The intra Asia’s APG.
2017 has seen some major cables and capacity coming on-line
• MCP cable : Malaysia – Cambodia-Thailand with 1.5 Tbps initially,
upgradable up to 30Tbps launched in May. Partners are Cambodian
provider Telcotech (owned by Ezecom), Telekom Malaysia, Symphony and
DTAC. Golden opportunity for R&E in the region.
• TGA (Tasmania Global Access) NZ-Australia : 2 pairs, 20Tbps: March 2017
• ATISA: launched May 2017; 4Tbps capacity: Guam to Northern Marianas
• AAE-1 to Europe with 40Tbps capacity in July 2017
• SEA-US on the US-Hawaii-Guam-Philippines-Indonesia: aug 2017
Pg 6AARnet co-owner of Indigo cable!
• The Indigo cable combines the previous APX-West (Perth-Singapore) and
APX-Central (Perth – Sydney) projects.
• The Indigo consortium comprises Google, Singtel, Telstra, Indonesia’s
Indosat Ooredoo, Superloop and AARNet
• Will be supplied by Nokia’s Alcatel Submarine Networks (ASN), RFS: mid 2019
• Based on a two-fibre pair ‘open cable’ design with spectrum-sharing
technology. This will give members the ability to independently proceed with
systems as upgrades. Each of the two fibre pairs will have a capacity of
18Tbps, with future increases possible.
• AARnet’s spectrum ownership will give it a staggering potential of 3Tbps
between Australia and Singapore!!
An APAN member owns Tbps of subsea cable capacity
Waw, awesome
Congratulations, AARNet!
Pg 7New Transpacific cables coming
1. NCP: New Cross Pacific
Will connect China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the United States
Design capacity; 81.9Tbps; Micosoft is a partner
Supplier: TE Subcom, RFS: mid to late 2018
2. PLCN: Pacific Light Cable Network
direct HK-USA cable. 5 pair, 120Tbps! Will become reality : Google and Facebook invest
RFS : mid to late 2018
3. HAWAIKI: Australia – Hawaii- US West Coast
supplier TE Subcom, 30Tbps design capacity
RFS mid to late 2018
4. HKA: Hong-Kong America
Supplier: Alcatel, 80Tbps design capacity; China Unicom and Chian Telecom, Facebook, Tata, Telstra
RFS 2020
5. Jupiter: Philippines – Japan - USA
US: RFS 2020, TE-Subcom. Facebook, Amazon, PCCW, Softbank, NTT, PLDT
Pg 8Pacific • Fiji, Tokelau and Kiribati have secured connections to the
islands 60Tbps NEXT submarine cable linking Australia, NZ and the US.
RFS 2019.
• American Samoa, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga have joined
Hawaiki (RFS mid to late 2018) linking Australia, NZ and the US
• Tui-Samoa cable network: connects Samoa to Wallis and
Futuna, Vanua Levu (the second largest island of Fiji) and Suva
on the Fiji mainland. RFS jan 2018 (last splice laid on dec 26th
2017).
• Manatua: linking Niue, Samoa, the Cook Islands and French
Polynesia. RFS end 2018
• MOANA cable: NZ to Hawaii via Samoa, 20Tbps, RFS 2018
• NATITUA system: will link Tahiti to eight atolls in the
archipelago of Tuamotu – Rangiroa, Manihi, Takaroa, Kaukura,
Arutua, Fakarava, Makemo and Hao – with two islands of
Marquisas, namely Hiva Oa and Nuku Hiva. NATITUA will extend
the existing Honotua cable system, which connects the French
Polynesian islands of Tahiti, Moorea, Huahine, Raiatea and Bora
Bora to Hawaii (US). 10Tbps , Alcatel
Pg 9Eurasia Westwards to Europe
• With SEAMEWE-5 and AAE-1 on-line one might expect a
relatively quiet couple of years but…
• EAGLE:
Hk-Th- Mumbai-ME- Italy RFS end 2020, 96Tbs GCX (Reliance
subsidiary). The first section of the cable,, will connect Mumbai
(India) with Hong Kong via Thailand, with branching units to a
number of locations, including Singapore. The second section will
route from Mumbai via the Middle East to Italy.
• AWE:
Australia (Perth) to Djibouti: RFS mid 2019 (financing?)
Pg 10More projects materializing
• ASC (Australia Singapore Cable): linking Perth-Indonesia- Singapore : RFS date:
august 2018, 30Tbps .
• HK-G: Hong Kong Guam: 48Tbps RFS Q4 2019 connects to SEA-US
• NEXT : Southern Cross project 60Tbps Australia-NZ-USA. Owned by Telecom NZ
(50%), Singtel-Optus (40%) and Verizon (10%) ; will interconnect with existing
Southern Cross cables. RFS end 2019
• MYTHIC: Myanmar-Malaysia-Thailand 20Tbps cap RFS mid 2018 ??
• SEAX-1: Singapore-Indonesia-Malaysia, 24 pairs, a 9.6Tbps RFS Q2 2018, Huawei
• SEAX-2: Singapore- Indonesia - Guam – 10Tbps (financing?)
• MOANA cable: NZ to Hawaii via Samoa, 20Tbps, RFS 2018
• SIGMA: Singapore-Myanmar RFS mid 2019, 32Tbps capacity
• PEACE: Pakistan-Djibouti-Kenya. RFS Q3 2019, Huawei. Financed by China
Development Bank. To connect to Silkroad terrestrial cable.
Pg 11Elsewhere in the world
• MONET cable: 60Tbps, three pairs, Brazil to Forida: RFS nov 2017
• SEABRAS-1: Brazil to New Jersey: 72 Tbps, RFS sept 2017. ABRB cable (Argentina – Brazil,
48tbps) will connect to Seabras-1. RFS mid to late 2018.
• MAREA: transatlantic, Virginia Beach to Bilbao, Spain; led by Microsoft and Facebook;
160Tbps capacity!! RFS Q1 2018
• SACS : Angola to Brazil where it will connect to Monet: Q4 2018
• HAVFRUE: US to Denmark. RFS Q4 2019 108Tbps capacity. TE-Subcom. Investors include
Facebook, Aquacomms
• SAIL: Kribi (Cameroon) to Fortaleza (Brazil),. China Unicom is Partner. 72 Tbps RFS: Q4
2018, Huawei.
• ELLALINK: Brazil-Portugal-Spain: 72Tbps, Alcatel, RFS 2020. Dante and RedClara have a
stake under the BELLA project
• CC: China –Chile crossing the Pacific. Three possible routes being evaluated.
• IOX: South Africa- Mauritius-India 54Tbps Alcatel. RFS end 2019
• SAEX-1: SA-Brazil-US RFS early 2020
• CURIE: LA to Valparaiso. TE-Subcom. 100% Google owned!
• QUANTUM: Israel –Cyprus-Greece-Italy-France-Spain: 160 Tbps, RFS oct 2020 will connect to
MAREA.
Pg 12Petabit level transoceanic cables by the mid 2020s?
• With MAREA capacity of 160Tbps coming end of 2017 and the 144Tbps intra-Asia
SJC2 late 2020 the horizon of the late 2020’s to reach petabit level seems passé.
• Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks and Nokia Bell Labs have achieved 65 Tbps
transmission capacity over a 6,600 km single mode fiber using Bell Labs’
Probabilistic Constellation Shaping (PCS) technology with a new modulation
technique to maximize the distance and capacity of high-speed transmission in
optical networks.
• In the meantime Aqua Comms has completed a trial of Ciena’s WaveLogic 3
Extreme transmission technology on their AEConnect which connects NY to
London via Dublin. This confirmed that Ciena’s 150 Gbps per wavelength 8QAM
(quadrature amplitude modulation) technology can already increase most up to
date capacity by 50%.
Pg 13Banner years for new APAN international capacity
• With two 100Gbps for Japan, two for Australia, one for South Korea and
one for Singapore, transpacific REN 100Gbps circutsi now total six!
• NICT and NII are now connected at 10Gbps to Singapore
• Korea KOREN is now connected at 10Gbps to Singapore
• Singapore’s SinGAREN connects 10Gbps with Europe Géant
• India NKN is connected at 10Gbps to Europe and to the USA and also to
Singapore.
• LEARN Sri Lanka activated a 1Gbps to Singapore
• October 2017: 100Gbps Singapore – Hong Kong – Japan connection
came on-line with PCCW as supplier..
• Please advise as I might be missing some recent upgrades.
Pg 14The rise of international 100Gbps in APAN
• January 2014: 100Gbps challenge by Yves Poppe at APAN37 in Bandung,
Indonesia: Connect Asia to America at 100GBps in time for SC14 in New Orleans in
november.
• GLIF 2014, Queenstown, NZ: 100Gbps demo with US West-Coast.
• SC14 New Orleans: A*STAR and SinAREN demonstrate 100Gbps connectivity and
applications between Singapore and New Orleans.
• September 2015: first operational transpacific 100Gbps R&E connection, cost
shared between Singapore internet2.
• Today: six 100Gbps transpacific APAN member connections: Japan (2), Australia
(2), Korea (1), Singapore (1)
• october 2017: first intra-Asia APAN 100Gbps connectivity with the Singapore- Hong
Kong – Japan circuit with mutual back-up and transit agreement in the spirit of the
R&E GNA (Global Network Architecture).
• Next on the agenda: 100Gbps to Europe with Asi@Connect? 100gbps Australia –
Singapore? 100gbps Taiwan-USA?
Pg 15100Gbps
SINET
London, EU
Tokyo, JP
100Gbps
TransPAC/Pacific Wave Los Angeles, USA
100Gbps
co-funded with 100Gbps
NICT co-funded with
10Gbps Singapore
co-funded with
16Convergence of Compute, Storage and Communications
Collaboration is crucial for Economic Prosperity
• AI, Deep Learning, machine learning with associated simulations and analysis
have become a source of discovery. Areas such as Genomics and personalized
medicine require ultra high security and reliability, fast data replication and
disaster recovery.
• Exascale computing is seen as the next Frontier with the USA, Europe, Japan
and China allocating each in excess of one billion US$ to be the first to reach
this milestone by the early 2020’s. The nov 2017 TOP500 list now has 181
petaflop level machines up from 2 in nov 2008.
• To remain relevant to the exascale challenge, Singapore would like to invite
APAN members and in particular ASEAN members to build shared HPC
resources and the associated network infrastructure to support our
researchers in Government and Industry Research Labs and Academia as all
research areas are becoming data and compute intensive.
Pg 17Beyond Networking: APRP
Asia Pacific Research Platform
• The vast majority of Researchers are not ad hoc communications specialists
and do not care about VLAN’s or fine tuning GridFTP or Globus throughput
rates. They want an easy API to access compute, data or instruments securely
and efficiently, wherever they are located.
• The various disciplines will enjoy the benefits of their own private network
running over the shared infrastructure. This is made possible through te use of
dedicated systems as data transfer nodes (DTNs) including Performance
measurement and network testing systems that are regularly used to
characterize and troubleshoot the network and most importantly Security
Policies and enforcement mechanisms that are tailored for high performance
science environments.
• Operational RP’s are used by various disciplines including weather forecasting,
genomics, AI, HEP, astronomy and HPC.
• The final objective: research at the speed of thoughtA prediction?
The world will see
Exascale Computing in 2022 and
the first Petabit level
transcontinental data
transmission cable in 2024
Creativity requires the courage to let go of certainties.
Erich Fromm
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