ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND COENZYME Q10 IN IRAQI OBESE ADULTS: CONTROL-CASE STUDY
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Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND COENZYME Q10
IN IRAQI OBESE ADULTS: CONTROL-CASE STUDY
Ghassan Adnan Mhalhal1,2, Siamak Salami1, Mustafa Taha Mohammed2
1
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
ABSTRACT
Obesity is a disease of modern era, grow fast and linked with the progression of cardiovascular and metabolic
diseases. Oxidative stress, the disturbance of oxidants and antioxidants homeostasis, has studied extensively in
these cardiometabolic disorders. The current study investigated the oxidative stress by using antioxidant side
of the equation to predict oxidative stress status in obese individuals. A total of 100 subjects had enrolled in
the study which divided as 60 obese adult and 40 healthy lean control on comparable ages. Serum levels of
TAC and CoQ10 were estimated in both groups. The level of TAC and CoQ10 was significantly lower (PTurkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
disorders, oxidative stress, and aging are decreased below the requirement level [9]. CoQ10 is a naturally found in
dietary sources and a dietary supplement. It is present in a wide variety of foods from animal and vegetable sources,
with large amounts present in chicken legs, heart, liver, and herrings; and in vegetables such as spinach and
cauliflower; and whole grains but in a lower concentration in comparison with meat and fish [10].
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects
The study involved one hundred adult individual. Forty healthy subject were enrolled as control for the study, as
well as sixty subject were enrolled from AL-Kindy Obesity Research and Therapy Unit. The ages of the samples
were between (20-48) years old. The laboratory side of the study was performed at the laboratory of biochemistry
research in the department of chemistry science, Mustansiriyah University.
Sample collection
Blood samples were collected from the subjects after a period of 12 hour fasting. A plastic disposable 5mL syringe
was used for venipunctures and blood drawn slowly. Then the blood was translocated into gel tube and left for 10
min at room temperature to clot. Blood samples then centrifuged at 1500g for 10 min and the obtained serum stored
in three Eppendorf tubes at -20 ºC until analysis. Anthropometric measurements was obtained also from the
participants including height, weight, and waist circumference.
Methods
Serum TAC concentration was determined by using Erel method [6]. CoQ10 was determined by using ELISA kit
from Sunlong (China). BioTech ELISA microplate washer ELX50 and microplate reader ELX800 devises were
used. And the results were statistically analyzed for descriptive data, independent t-test of mean comparisons and
Person’s correlation coefficient by using SPSS-26.
Results
Results are expressed in the form of mean±SD, and range (minimum and maximum values). The comparative
results are in Table 1. The age was comparable (P>0.05) between obese (32.47±6.31 year) and control (32.28±6.41
year).
Obese subjects have significant (PTurkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
The serum level of TAC was reduced significantly (P=0.001) in obese subjects (1.24±0.27 µmol Vit C. Eq. /L)
compared to healthy control (1.41±0.19 µmol Vit C. Eq. /L). CoQ10 level was reduced significantly (PTurkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
III. DISCUSSION
TAC and CoQ10 levels have reduced in serum of obese subjects of the current study. This reduction of circulation
total antioxidants generally and CoQ10 specifically results in progressive of oxidative stress attacks on the vital
components of the cell. The findings of TAC are in agreement with Epingeac et al. (2019) [11], Amirkhizi et al.
(2010) [12], Lim et al. (2012) [13], Leo et al. (2016) [14], who have reported a systemic decrease of total antioxidant
capacity in obese subjects of their study.
Oxidative stress has been reported in obese people [15]. Overproduction of ROS evolve the incidence of oxidative
stress [16]. The excess supply of energy substrates in obesity is believed to lead to increased ROS formation [17].
The high calories intake raise the load on mitochondria, which in turn results in mitochondrial dysfunction. The
results of this dysfunction revealed by impairment in fatty acid oxidation, secretion of adipokines, dysregulation of
glucose homeostasis, and ultimate increasing in the production of ROS [18]. In addition to mitochondrial
dysfunction, inflammation also has an influence on the production of ROS [19]. The hypertrophied adipocytes
triggers the accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue [20]. M1 Macrophages involved in the increasing of
ROS generation [21]. The increase of ROS production in adipocytes leads to a decrease in the expression of
antioxidant enzymes [16]. Taay et al. (2020) [22], have reported significant increase of serum ROS is accompanied
with reduction in the concentration of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase in Iraqi obese females.
Furthermore, Albuali (2014), reported significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and
glutathione reductase) as well as reduced glutathione in the blood of obese children [23].
CoQ10 results are agreed with Mancini et al. (2008) [24], and Mehmetoglu et al. (2011) [25]. CoQ10 is a molecule
that functionalized in both mitochondrial metabolism and ROS detoxification. Depletion of CoQ10 content was
found in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese subjects and mice. Overexpression of COQ2 in 3T3-F442A pre-
adipocytes decreased the CoQ redox state and promoted ROS synthesis by the mitochondria [26]. CoQ10 acts as a
fat-soluble antioxidant to potently protect lipid membranes and lipoproteins from oxidative damage and to prevent
DNA damage [27]. It has been reported that CoQ10 supplementation increases fat oxidation and energy expenditure
in inguinal white adipose tissue. Decreased mRNA expression of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase and
acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, and the glycerogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase are responsible for
the lipid lowering effect of CoQ10 [28]. Many studies have suggested CoQ10 administration in the prevention of
obesity related risks such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus [29-32].
The significant correlation between CoQ10 and TAC in obese people at the current study, suggests that CoQ10
makes up an important portion of the total antioxidant in circulation. On the other hand the negative correlation of
these antioxidants with BMI indicates that body fats have major influence on the antioxidant system.
IV. CONCLUSION
Obese people turn on to develop oxidative stress not only by the elevation of ROS but through antioxidants
reduction as well. CoQ10 appeared as an important antioxidant of the system and obesity improve the reduction of
this major antioxidant, which may lead to more aggressive risks. Thus, CoQ10 supplementation seems to be good
choice to avoid the complex consequences and risks of obesity.
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