Effects of reading dhikr Asmaul Husna Ya Rahman and Ya Rahim against changes in the level of anxiety in the elderly
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Effects of reading dhikr Asmaul Husna Ya Rahman and Ya Rahim
against changes in the level of anxiety in the elderly
To cite this article: N W Agustina et al 2020 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1517 012049
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
This content was downloaded from IP address 46.4.80.155 on 07/09/2021 at 16:23BIS-ASE 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1517 (2020) 012049 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1517/1/012049
Effects of reading dhikr Asmaul Husna Ya Rahman and Ya
Rahim against changes in the level of anxiety in the elderly
N W Agustina*, S Handayani, and L Nurjanah
Department of Nursing Sciences, STIKES Muhammadiyah Klaten, Klaten,
Indonesia
*Email: tina_wulan@yahoo.com
Abstract. Many elderly experience anxiety because of something that is not clear. Anxiety can
be overcome by dhikr therapy Asmaul Husna Ya Rahman and Ya Rahim. The research design
is quasi-experimental. A population of 59 elderly with a sampling technique using purposive
sampling. The research sample of 30 elderly. The research instrument was the GAI
questionnaire. Data analysis using a paired t-test and Mann Whitney test. The result is a
difference in the level of anxiety before and after the intervention in the intervention group with
an average decrease of -4.067 (pValue = 0.000). In the control group with an average decrease
of -1.333 (pValue = 0.001). Also, there was a difference in the level of anxiety reduction between
the intervention group and the control group (pValue = 0,000). The conclusion is there is the
effect of reading the dhikr of Asmaul Husna Ya Rahman and Ya Rahim to reduce the level of
anxiety in the elderly.
1. Introduction
Elderly is someone who has reached the age of 60 years and above [1]. World Population Prospects
(WPP) in 2015 explained that there were 901 million people aged 60 years or older or 12% of the world's
population. In 2015 and 2030, the number of people aged 60 years or more is projected to grow by
around 56% from 901 million to 1.4 billion, and in 2050 the elderly population is projected to more than
double from 2015, ie 2.1 billion [2]. The population census conducted by the Central Statistics Agency
(BPS) states that the number of elderly people in Indonesia is 21.68 million or around 8.49% of the total
population of Indonesia[3]. The number of elderly people in Central Java reached 3,831,778 people,
406,791 people were in Klaten Regency [3].
Elderly is part of the process of growth and development, where a person experiences a decrease
in function in all body systems even though it does not occur simultaneously. Elderly who are not able
to adapt to physical, mental and psychosocial changes can affect the emergence of psychiatric problems
including anxiety, depression, insomnia, paranoid, and dementia [4] [5].
Anxiety is the most common thing that occurs in the elderly. Anxiety can be defined as a person's
emotional condition that is characterized by a sense of discomfort, the emergence of vague experiences
accompanied by feelings of helplessness and uncertainty as a result of something that is not clear [6].
There is a correlation between anxiety level and the occurrence of insomnia in premenopausal women
[7]. There is a very strong relationship between anxiety with the incidence of insomnia in the elderly
[8]. Anxiety makes the mind chaotic, afraid, restless, uncomfortable, making it difficult for the elderly
to start and maintain sleep (insomnia) [9]. Research says 10-20% of the elderly population is found to
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1BIS-ASE 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1517 (2020) 012049 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1517/1/012049
experience anxiety. Another study mentioned 10 of 27 elderly respondents experiencing anxiety while
17 others did not experience anxiety but 41.2% experienced insomnia [9]. In addition, there are also
those who say there is a significant relationship between anxiety experienced by the elderly with the
incidence of hypertension in which the elderly who experience moderate anxiety 50% of them
experience stage II hypertension [10]. Therefore necessary ways to reduce anxiety include providing
pharmacological therapy and non-pharmacological therapy.
Efforts to reduce the effects of pharmacology in dealing with anxiety can be done by non-
pharmacological therapies. Non-pharmacological therapies include relaxation, exercise, massage,
prayer, hypnotherapy, and others [11]. Prayers can be realized by doing dhikr. Dhikr or al-Dhikr is
translated as remember. Dhikr means remembrance of Allah by remembering Allah will feel His care
and supervision so that we become calm. Through dhikr, positive suggestions are built that contribute
to creating confidence, strength and an attitude of optimism for the elderly in dealing with old age better
and with quality [12].
Dhikr Asmaul Husna Ya Rahman and Ya Rahim which means Most Compassionate and Most
Merciful, can be understood that Allah gives compassion to all his creatures, which gives calmness and
peace of heart, avoids from feeling anxious, anxious and constantly depressed, because Allah will
always give love to His servants who believe and do good deeds.
Based on the results of a preliminary study in the Posyandu of the elderly in Gledeg village,
Karanganom, Klaten from interviews with midwives who hold the elderly program, 59 data were
obtained. The results of interviews of 20 elderly found, 8 elderly said difficulty sleeping all night, and
12 elderly experience increased blood pressure, where difficulty sleeping and increased blood pressure
are symptoms and effects of anxiety. Based on preliminary studies conducted, researchers are interested
in conducting research on the effect of reading the dhikr of Asmaul Husna Ya Rahman and Ya Rahim
on decreasing the level of anxiety in the elderly.
2. Methods
The research design in this study uses quasi-experimental (Quasi Experiment) with the research design
Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This research was conducted in the Posyandu village of Gledeg,
Karanganom, Klaten. The size of the sample in this study was determined based on the calculation of
the sample size of 15 respondents for the intervention group and 15 respondents for the control group,
so that the total sample needed was 30 respondents [13].
This study uses a Geriatic Anxiety Inventory (GAI) questionnaire that has advantages and specifics
to determine the symptoms of anxiety experienced by respondents, besides that the measurement
technique with GAI is very good, practical, and easy to measure the level of anxiety.
The GAI questionnaire consisted of 20 question items. The assessment of this questionnaire uses
the Guttman scale, the GAI instrument was not tested for reliability because the instrument used was
standard, which was obtained in the journal Development and validation of the Geriatric Anxiety
Inventory. The reliability coefficient test is 0.99 and the validity is significant at 0.80 [14]. These results
can be concluded that GAI can be used as a measure of anxiety.
3. Results and Discussion
The average age of the elderly in the intervention group was 68.47 ± 3.681 years, while in the control
group was 66.60 ± 4.273 years.
Table 1. Age of respondent
Group Mean Min Max SD
Intervention 68.47 62 73 3.681
Control 66.60 61 73 4.273
Based on Table 1. It is known that the average age of the elderly in the intervention group was 68.47
± 3.681 years, while in the control group was 66.60 ± 4.273 years. Elderly is someone who is over 60
2BIS-ASE 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1517 (2020) 012049 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1517/1/012049
years [15]. Aging is associated with various physiological and psychological changes, one of which
leads to a decline in mental health [16].
The gender of respondents in the intervention group and the control group were mostly female, that
is 60.0% in the intervention group and 53.3% in the control group. While the work in this study can be
seen that the intervention and control groups mostly did not work as much as 60.0%.
Table 2. Gender
No Variabel Group F %
1. Gender
a. Male Intervention 6 40.0
b. Famale 9 60.0
a. Male Conrol 7 46.7
b. Famale 8 53.3
2. Work
a. Work Intervention 6 40.0
b. Jobless 9 60.0
c. Work Control 6 40.0
d. Jobless 9 60.0
Total 30 200.0
Based on Table 2. Gender it can be seen that the respondents in the intervention group and the control
group were mostly female, that is 60.0% in the intervention group and 53.3% in the control group. In
general, women have a low coping mechanism so that the task of taking care of the household and many
activities are often felt as a burden. This is what triggers the emergence of tension and anxiety [17].
The work in this study can be seen that in the intervention and control group, most of them did not
work, namely 60.0%. Work is one of the determinants of a person's economic status. From work
someone will get income and income will affect anxiety because there is a relationship between
economic status with anxiety [18].
Measuring the level of anxiety in the elderly intervention group before being given dzikir has an
average of 9.00 ± 1.690 and after dzikir is 4.93 ± 1.387. While the measurement of the anxiety level of
the pre-test control group had a mean of 9.80 ± 1.821 and the measurement of the post-test anxiety level
had an average of 8.47 ± 2,200.
Table 3. Anxiety level
Anxiety Level Min Max Mean SD
1. Anxiety level before Dzikr 6 12 9.00 1.690
2. Anxiety level after Dzikr 3 8 4.93 1.387
1. Anxiety level pre test 7 13 9.80 1.821
2. Anxiety level post test 5 13 8.47 2.200
Results of Table 3. Measurement of anxiety levels in the elderly intervention group before being
given the remembrance had an average of 9.00 ± 1.690 and after the dzikir was 4.93 ± 1.387. While the
measurement of the anxiety level of the pre-test control group had a mean of 9.80 ± 1.821 and the
measurement of the post-test anxiety level had an average of 8.47 ± 2,200. Elderly people who
experience anxiety tend to have negative thoughts [19]. Therefore, it takes a technique that can break
the cycle of negative thoughts and concentration of positive sentences [20].
The religious therapy is effective to decreasing stress of widow elderly [21]. Spiritual-religious
psychotherapy can serve as an effective approach to improve mental distress in the elderly [22]. There
are significant differences in the sleep quality between elderly who were treated by progressive muscle
3BIS-ASE 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1517 (2020) 012049 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1517/1/012049
relaxation therapy and murrotaltherapy compared to the elderly who were only treated by progressive
muscle relaxation therapy [23]. Dhikr is a spiritual therapy which is considered the easiest to do by the
elderly. Dhikr contains positive meanings, by repeating the sentence dhikr ya Rahman ya Rahim then
someone will be focused on the positive things of the meaning of the sentence he uttered. Dhikr in
several studies can reduce anxiety levels. Dzikir relaxation therapy can reduce anxiety in elderly
hypertension [24]. The calm effect that arises from the dhikr therapy can reduce the level of anxiety in
the elderly [12][25]. Dhikr is also able to provide emotional control to respondents in dealing with
deviations of thought and excessive anxiety. Basically, dhikr is able to provide peace of mind which has
an impact as a prevention and treatment for individuals who have hypertension [24].Differences in
anxiety experienced by the elderly before and after dhikr in the intervention group and the control group.
Table 4. Anxiety
Pre test Post test
No Anxiety
F % F %
Intervention
1. Not anxiety 11 73.3
2. Mild anxiety 6 40.0 4 26.7
3. Moderate anxiety 9 60.0
Total 15 100.0 15 100.0
Control
1. Not anxiety 1 6.7
2. Mild anxiety 7 46.7 11 73.3
3. Moderate anxiety 8 53.3 3 20.0
Total 15 100.0 15 100.0
Based on Table 4 shows that the intervention group before being given remembrance was in the
category of anxiety while 40.0% and 60.0% of respondents were in the category of mild anxiety, after
being given the remembrance, 73.3% of respondents were categorized as not worried and 26.7%
respondents were categorized as mild anxiety. While the anxiety level in the control group at the pre-
test stage was 46.7% included in the mild anxiety category and 53.3% of the respondents were in the
moderate anxiety category. While in the post test stage 6.7% of respondents fall into the no worries
category, and in the anxious category there is a decrease of 20.0% of respondents. The elderly
experience a decrease in various bodily functions. Recitation of dhikr with full awareness will affect
both the coping mechanism [26]. Individuals will give a positive meaning to the events in his life.
Positive meaning will be processed by the neocortex, amygdala and hippocampus. The resulting signal
will be forwarded to the hypothalamus. Influence on the hypothalamus is done by controlling the
secretion of GABA (which was originally low is now elevated). This rising amount of GABA will
instruct the hypothalamus to reduce and control CRF secretion. Reduction of CRF secretion will instruct
the anterior pituitary gland to reduce the amount of ACTH secretion that was originally high. Low
ACTH will instruct the adrenals to control or reduce cortisol secretion. Low cortisol will strengthen the
immune system which is an important and central factor in healing anxiety disorders [12][25][26].
4. Conclusions
Based on the explanations above, we can conclude that there is the effect of reading the dhikr of Asmaul
Husna Ya Rahman and Ya Rahim to reduce the level of anxiety in the elderly.
Acknowledgment
I would like to thank profusely to all the teams that have been solid in doing research. Thank you to my
students who have helped in the survey until taking data. I hope this research will be useful for everyone.
4BIS-ASE 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1517 (2020) 012049 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1517/1/012049
Author Contributions
Conceptualization (N.W.A); Material research preparation (N.W.A, S.H); Methodology (N.W.A, S.H);
Data collecting (N.W.A, L.N): Data analysis and visualization (N.W.A, S.H, L.N); Writing – original
draft (N.W.A, S.H); Presentation (N.W.A).
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