EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COLOURS OF LIGHT ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF AMARANTHUS (AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS )
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Bionano Frontier, Vol.7 (1) Jan. to June 2014, 97-101
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COLOURS OF LIGHT ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF
AMARANTHUS (AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS )
SUPRIYA E. URKUDE ⃰ AND D.P.GOGLE
Department of Botany, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur- 440033
⃰ Supriya.urkude@gmail.com
Received on : 10.06.2013 and Accepted Revised on : 09.12.2013
ABSTRACT: A wide range of nonchemical methods for growth regulation of crops has received much attention in recent years
and light as a nonchemical method can also be used for scaling up the potentiality in yield. In the present investigation effect of
different colours of light (red, blue, red-blue and silver) on growth and development of Amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis ) was
studied. It was observed that silver colour treatment which reflects visible as well as UV-B and UV-A light with high intensity of
visible and may be infra-red light was more beneficial for growth and development of Amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis ).
Keywords: Light, non-chemical, development, silver, colour.
INTRODUCTION: such as genetic manipulation; temperature, water and nutrient
management; mechanical conditioning; and light quality
Almost all life on our planet depends on manipulation. A wide range of nonchemical methods for
photosynthesis. Plants produce food for themselves and others growth regulation of crops has received much attention in
when they use the energy from light to convert carbon dioxide recent years (Heins and Erwin, 1990; Latimer et al., 1991).
and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. Light as an external Therefore present study helps in scaling up the potentiality in
trigger can influence growth and development of plants. Plants yield. In the present investigation effect of different colours of
sense specific characteristics of the light environment light on growth and development of Amaranthus (Amaranthus
(including light quality, intensity, and duration of exposure) viridis L.) were studied.
and hence can adaptively optimize growth and development in
ways appropriate to prevailing environmental conditions. The MATERIALS AND METHODS :
wavelengths with primary importance in photobiology are the
ultraviolet (UV), visible light, and infrared (IR) (Hopkins a. Plant : Amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis L.) is used in
1999). The wavelengths between 300 nm to 900 nm are capable present investigation as it is an edible plant which is best eaten
of affecting plant growth. when young. Traditionally the plant was used to treat a variety
It is well known that light plays an important role in of ailments. A tea made from the leaves was thought to stop
many physiological processes such as seed germination bleeding from ulcers and cure diarrhoea.
(Faravani and Bakar, 2007), seedling growth (Kitaya et al., b. Coloured Papers : In the present investigation, different
1995), morphogenesis (Goins et al., 1997), chloroplast coloured papers were used for giving reflection light treatment
development (Akoyunoglou and Anni, 1984), chlorophyll and to the plants. Two types of coloured papers were use in present
carotenoid contents (Lee et al., 2007), photosynthesis (Saebo investigation. i.e. cellophane Papers (red, blue, red-blue) and
et al., 1995), transpiration (Brogardh, 1975), respiration
reflective Metalized Film or Mylar
(Ribas-Carbo et al., 2001), phototropism (Kubo and Mihara,
Determination of reflectance Spectra: The reflection
1996) and enzyme activity (Montagnoli, 2008).
The present investigation was carried out an spectra of these colours were obtained using
alternative method for mulching technology. Decoteau et al., spectrophotometer. These spectra contained various peaks at
(1986, 1988, 1989, 1990) have documented alterations in the various wavelengths of absorption (transmission) and
plant light environment with the use of plastic mulches. These reflection. Values of these wavelengths at various peaks were
alteration are a result of either differential reflectivity obtained by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) free
(coloured mulches) and were sufficient to influence the software (version 4.2).
development of young seedlings. The advantages of using Cultivation method: For the present investigation, different
plastic mulches for the production of high-value vegetable coloured light were transmitted on plants by using coloured
crops have been recognized since the late 1950s (Emmert 1957, strips. Different coloured strips were made by wrapping the
Schales and Sheldrake 1965). Like advantages there are many coloured cellophane papers around metal strips. Amaranthus
disadvantages of mulch. A major problem with plastic mulch is (Amaranthus viridis L.) plants were cultivated in the field.
removal from the field after cropping (Stall and Bryan, 1981). These coloured strips were inserted along with plants in the
Plastics have been disposed of routinely by burning, burial, or field in such a way that sunlight falling on the strips was
dumping in landfills. The growing environmental concerns getting reflected on plants. Cultivated plants were irrigated
over disposal of plastic mulches by burning and dumping in according to the requirement. The plants were allowed to grow
landfills already has led to restrictions in some regions (Ennis, about 1-2 months and following parameters were determined.
1987). The use of plastic mulch will increase the cost of Determination of Morphological parameters : After 1
production for a given crop. Several research teams around the month 10 plants were selected randomly and shoot and root
world are investigating alternative yield increasing measures
97
BIONANO FRONTIER Vol. 7(1) January - June 2014 Print ISSN 0974-0678, Online : 2320-9593, www.bionanofrontier.orglength of the plants were measured by using centimetre scale fresh and dry weight of plants compared with those grown in
and mean were determined for considering value. No. of leaves control condition, contradictory to the results found by S. Z.
were also determined at the same time for same plants and Islam et al. (2002). Total fresh weight was more in control than
mean were calculated. The leaf area of the healthy and fully red and red-blue treatment supported to the result found by Liu
grown plant was measured by using Systronics Leaf Area Xiaoying (2012) .
Meter 211. Table (3) showed the ash value, from this total ash value
Determination of dry weight of plants : For this experiment, was found more in silver colour treatment (S.E. Urkude et al.
10 plants from each pot/ field were selected randomly and 2009). Nizakat Bibi (2008) found that in Chickpea (Cicer
uprooted carefully after 6 week. Then separated root, shoot and arietinum L.) ash content in blue light was more than ash
leaves of plants. Fresh weight was measured using digital content of red light supported by present study.
Previous studies showed that there are detrimental
weighing balance and dry matter constant was determined by
effects of UV-B radiation on plants. Enhanced UV-B radiation
drying the samples at 65°±5° till constant weight.
can alter plant growth and development as well as
Determination of Ash Value : Total ash, acid insoluble ash reproduction (Teramura, A.H. et al. 1994); this has serious
and water insoluble ash was determined by method reported in implications for plant yields and economics. But in present
Indian Pharmacopeia. (Anonymous, 1985) after 6 weeks. investigation silver colour treatment which reflects UV-B
radiation showed positive effect on plant growth and
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS : development. Most of the previous studied with UV-B
The reflectance spectra of blue, red and silver papers are radiations were carried out in control condition and many of
shown in Figures (Fig. 1, 2, 3). From fig., red and blue them in absence of visible light. In the present investigation
cellophane paper reflects red and blue light along with UV-A plants get UV-B light from silver colour reflection in field
and UV-C light. Silver paper reflects visible as well as UV-B condition and with supplementation of visible light. May be
and UV-A light with high intensity of visible and may be infra- due to this reason plant growth and development were found to
red light. Silver paper reflects high intensity light followed by be increased.
red and low intensity light reflects by blue cellophane paper.
All the morphological parameters showed highest in
silver colour treatment (table1). All the colour treatments
showed significant difference except blue colour treatment in
no. of leaves. Silver colour treatment showed positive
significant difference in all the cases. Stem length was more in
silver colour treatment and control than red colour treatment
(S.E. Urkude et al. 2009) which did not support Decoteau et al.
(1989,1990) who examined that tomato plants grown on silver
and white mulches are shorter than red and black mulch. Stem
length was found less in red colour treatment than control and
blue colour treatment as Ginu George (2011) observed in
Cascade palms (Chamaedorea cataractarum Mart.). S.Z.
Islam et.al. (2002) El-Khawas (2007), Liu Xiaoying (2012)
found opposite results. Christopher S. Brown (1995) reported
that stem height was more in plant grown in only red LED than
red LED plus blue fluorescent lamps grown plants. Same Fig.1: Reflection spectra of Blue Cellophane paper.
results were found in present investigation. He also found that
total leaf area and number of leaves were more in plant grown
in red LED plus blue fluorescent lamps than only red LED
grown plants. Present study showed similar result in case of
total no. of leaves while leaf area showed opposite result.
Exposure to UV-B decreased plant height (Salvador Nogue´;
1998 Flint & Caldwell ; 2003) found decreased plant height
and leaf area after exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation.
Opposite results were obtained in present investigation in case
of silver colour treatment compare to control which reflects
UV-B light along with other wavelength of light.
Table (2) shows the dry weight of Amaranthus
(Amaranthus viridis L.). It was found that fresh and dry weight
was found more in silver colour treatment in all the cases (S.E.
Urkude et al. 2009). Dry weight of leaves was more in silver
colour treatment than control and red colour treatment in
present investigation which supports the result found to
Decoteau et al. (1989, 1990) but contrast result obtained by D.
Michael Glenn et al., (2007). Red light treatment showed less Fig.2: Reflection spectra of Red Cellophane paper.
98
BIONANO FRONTIER Vol. 7(1) January - June 2014 Print ISSN 0974-0678, Online : 2320-9593, www.bionanofrontier.orgFig.4 :Effect of Different Colours of Light on
Fig.3: Reflection spectra of Mylar (Silver paper). Amaranthus viridis L. (Amaranthus).
Tables:
Table 1: Effect of different colours of light on Morphological Parameters of Amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis L.) .
Values represented as mean of three replicates ± SD; for each different at P< 0.05, as measured by 2-sided Tuckey's HSD
column, different lowercase letters indicate significantly between different colour treatments.
Table 2: Effect of different colours of light on dry weight of Amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis L.).
Colour Fresh weight (gm) Dry Matter (%)
treatment
Root Stem Leaves Total Root Stem Leaves Total Root Stem Leaves Total
Control 0.365±0. 1.733±0 0.953±0 3.051±0. 0.096±0. 0.167±0.00 0.438±0 26.350±0.66 10.101± 17.559± 14.371±0.13
020b .053c .036c 099c 003b .005d 4d .011 d 9c 0.121c 0.263a 7c
022a .045a .032b 098a 004a .003b 4b .011 b 9a 122b 0.195a 0a
Blue 0.327±0. 1.576±0 0.858±0 2.761±0. 0.042±0. 0.155±0.00 0.354±0 12.835±0.32 9.943±0. 18.072± 12.809±0.09
016b .058b .041c 080b 003a .005c 4c .009c 1a 121c 0.447ab 2b
Red-Blue 0.230±0. 1.366±0 0.651±0 2.247±0. 0.032±0. 0.120±0.00 0.267±0 13.971±1.46 8.372±0. 18.426± 11.868±0.02
019a .041a .020a 042a 006a .003a 6a .005a 7a 035a 0.371ab 3a
Silver 0.448±0. 1.934±0 1.157±0 3.539±0. 0.098±0. 0.215±0.00 0.605±0 21.984±0.57 15.067± 18.585± 17.090±0.24
025c .058d .044d 104d 004b .005e 5e .010e 7b 0.182d 0.320b 2d
three replicates ± SD; for each column, different lowercase letters indicate significantly different at P< 0.05, as measured by 2-sided
Tuckey's HSD between different colour treatments.
99
BIONANO FRONTIER Vol. 7(1) January - June 2014 Print ISSN 0974-0678, Online : 2320-9593, www.bionanofrontier.orgTable 3: Effect of different colours of light on Ash Content of Amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis L.).
Values represented as mean of three replicates ± SD; for each column, different lowercase letters indicate significantly different at P<
0.05, as measured by 2-sided Tuckey's HSD between different colour treatments.
CONCLUSION: surface color affect yield of fresh market tomatoes. J.Ame.
Soc. Hortic. Sci. 114 : 216219.
In the present investigation morphological parameters
are seems to be increased by silver colour treatments. Shoot Decoteau, D. R., M. J. Kasperbauer and P. G. Hunt. 1990. Bell
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weight which get increased by silver colour treatment. Growth HortScience. 25(4) : 460-462.
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