Digital Pedagogies for Building Peaceful & Sustainable Societies - Alliance Numérique
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Digital Pedagogies for Building Peaceful & Sustainable Societies Discovering how Digital Technologies can Transform Education Systems and Shape a Better World Features - Digital Pedagogies for a better world – Foreword by Chief Minister, State of Andhra Pradesh, India -Learnification : Encouraging Learning Through Video Games - The role of ‘creators’ in shaping a sustainable world – Foreword by Global Head of Eduation, Unity Technologies - Education is a serious matter
OPINION
opinion
OPINION
Education
is a Serious
Matter
C atherine É mond, A lliance numérique ’ s e x ecutive director
The power of play The best games provide a fun experience
throughout, and not simply when the
T
he enrollment of the first player has achieved the goal. After all,
digital generation in our this is the true power of play: having fun
schools makes gamification while learning enhances your motivation
of education a necessity. to further develop your skills.
How do we make it happen?
Serious academic studies have
Learning through play, especially video demonstrated that play stimulates
games, is a very powerful tool that can learning and positively affects
significantly improve our children’s motivation and tolerance.
education.
In the best-case scenario, a game can
Although video games are primarily even raise awareness about social
Catherine Émond has a political
science degree from the University perceived by most people as issues and boost empathy. The game
of Montreal. Her career path led her entertainment, nowadays they are often PeaceMaker, for example, provides
to occupy various positions within used as training tools in the marketing, players with the opportunity to take on
cabinets of political representatives, health, financial services and education the role of either the Prime Minister of
Learning took on the task of localizing Feed the Monster to 25 and for the world when they do not become literate. Non-literate
both at the municipal and provincial sectors. What typifies a serious game is Israel or the President of the Palestinian
languages so far with more to come over the course of the year. adults are unable to take part in or inform themselves about
levels. She has been active in public Authority. The goal of the game is to
The app is in use among Syrian refugees and across many African local elections or political issues, not able to read warning labels that it incorporates an educational aspect
organisations within key sectors of find a viable solution to finally resolve the
and Southeast Asian countries. Early results show that after 3-4 on medicines, unable to respond to warnings in the press of to its playful and entertaining scenario.
Quebec’s development plan and can conflict between both states. In order to
hours of non-consecutive use, children became proficient in dangerous weather, conflict or health disasters. The World Health handle economic affairs and integrate
Video games are effective at stimulating reach that goal, a player must consider
letter-sound correspondences and early reading knowledge. While Organisation found that illiteracy was one of the chief barriers to them into Quebec’s public policies.
learning because they are particularly the opponent’s situation as well as the
these results are early and must be evaluated across languages and preventing the spread of Ebola in West Africa in 2014-15. When She distinguishes herself by her keen
captivating. needs of its own people .
educational settings, the implication is that millions of children children do not learn how to read they lack the necessary skills to sense of leadership and strategy,
could become proficient in early literacy skills in their mother further their own education and get employment that will change and by her ability to mobilise various
people around a common project. We need to clarify the distinction between This type of game not only imparts
tongue within the first year of schooling. Such a result is striking the lives of their family and future children. Becoming literate is
Catherine’s mandate includes the “educational games” and “pedagogical knowledge about the region and its
in light of the fact that in many low income countries 50% of only the first step towards developing a population that can be
overall administration of Alliance games”. In the first instance, the learning history, but it also teaches lessons about
children leave primary school without being able to read a active and healthy participants in their own personal social and
Numérique. She aims to lead and objective is implicit and the pleasure of empathy and the power of negotiations.
single word. political environment. Learning to read is also the necessary
carry out the various activities
precursor to an active, engaged and peaceful populace. learning is almost accidental. Pedagogical
of the organisation, particularly
A crucial norm for education systems is that they are dogged in games, on the other hand, address the
by promoting its position and
their determination that every child acquires basic literacy and development, while paying attention learning objective explicitly, and learning
numeracy skills. Such an assertion may seem trite, even naive. to its influence on the community. becomes the fun part of the game .
But we should be reminded of what the future holds for children
1
Jeu Sérieux, Vicky Gagnon-Mountzouris, Marie-Michèle Lemieux, Jean-Philippe Pouliot, Groupe de travail de la promotion du développement
des compétences informationnelles (GT-PDCI), Université du Québec, 2016, p. 4 1 9
ISSUE • 8 2
Empathy, perspective and complicity: How digital games can support Peace Education and conflict resolution, Paul Darvasi, York University,
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development, November 2016
OPINION
OPINION
Why is serious and strong ethics to lead our Political power and the use of digital
gaming so powerful communities. resources in education
among youth?
Ethics, creativity and If serious gaming should play a stronger role in our children’s
And why is it so difficult for innovation are skills where education, how effective are governments and public
the digital generation to focus human beings will always institutions at integrating new technologies? In many instances,
in a traditional educational keep the upper hand, as they are clearly lagging behind since technology evolves at a much
environment? opposed to technical and data faster pace than legislation.
management skills, which will
The answer is simple: because be delegated to technological One of the issues we are facing has to do with the decision-
they are digital natives. tools readily available. making level. Typically, national or regional governments are in
The new generation’s charge of public education. Success in the digital age, however,
brain development Learning by simulation, will often require the input of international institutions on one
evolves according to new however, can actually side, and local actions on the other.
parameters. Most of the enhance the development
social references are thus of social skills. Immersive International cooperation appears to be essential for addressing
shaped by the technological experiences can improve our macro issues about data transfer. For example, whether we are
tools and methods used on a understanding of multiple talking about intellectual property, the protection of personal data
daily basis. environmental, political and or collecting taxes on digital services, individual countries cannot
social dimensions in any go at it alone. At the other end, new technology initiatives are
Gamification is therefore given situation. often best implemented at the local level, where schools are free to
effective with them because it make decisions according to the specific needs of their community.
respects the pace and volume Serious gaming, then,
of information that typical becomes the perfect tool to Resisting change is part of human nature, and it is particularly
members of this generation develop key human skills true when it comes to something as important as education.
are used to. such as empathy, judgement On one hand, more conservative parents believe that having fun
and fairness that will help cannot possibly be part of studying because “studying is serious!”
A multimedia experience us navigate through changes Education was quite strict in their days, and they turned out quite
that includes spoken and/ in data management, well. So why should it be so different with their children?
or written language, images, information and security.
audio, animation or an
immersive virtual reality
simulation is becoming the
norm of communication, Teachers can also resist integrating these technological changes in The video game industry and our children’s
and the standard for their their teaching methods. We already ask them to constantly change education
recipients. the content of what needs to be taught, so changing the tools
they use as well can often seem a little much. Implementing new Video game studios are willing and able to help implement new
technological tools can also make them uncomfortable: not only technological tools and methods at various levels. The digital
do they sometimes have difficulty using these new tools properly, industry is well aware that the next generation will heavily depend
What about the but children are usually better than them! on a mastery of technology to advance their career, and they take
human dimension? this responsibility seriously.
What we need to explain to them, however, is that a successful
Perhaps somewhat digital shift may be the best thing for a teacher as it can lead to Making captivating games is a complex art that requires
paradoxically, many jobs more attentive students, a better understanding of subject matters technological innovation, technical ability, coming up with an
in the future will require on their part and, ultimately, better academic results. original plot and interesting characters. Adding an educational
purely human competence twist to it makes it even more challenging and often requires
that cannot be handled additional members to the development team and, therefore,
directly by a computer. More significant financial investments.
than ever, we will rely on
emotional intelligence skills
2 1
ISSUE • 8
OPINION F R E N C H T R A N S L AT I O N O F O P I N I O N - E D U C AT I O N I S A S E R I O U S M AT T E R
opinion by catherine emond
OPINION
Conclusion
The video game industry is becoming an increasingly powerful
sector where many people now want to work. Games are already
widespread in our society and they are here to stay. This new
L’éducation : un
véritable (en)jeu
industrial revolution −a digital revolution − requires new
norms and codes, much the same as when cars revolutionised
transportation at the beginning of the 20 th century.
The transition from horses to cars imposed a large number of
changes. Nowadays, driving skills are evaluated in order to receive
a driver’s license, cars are now equipped with brakes and signaling
lights, and drinking and driving is criminalized in many countries.
de société
C atherine É mond, A lliance numérique ’ s e x ecutive director
The city of Detroit, where the automotive industry took its roots,
was the first city to use stop signs, lane markings, one-way streets
and traffic lights. Who will play the role of Detroit in our current Le pouvoir du jeu pédagogique quant à lui, aborde l’objectif
digital revolution? d’apprentissage de manière explicite et
L
a présence de la première le fait de performer dans l’apprentissage
We should all embrace this change and invest in our human, génération numérique génère le plaisir inhérent au jeu .
technological and financial resources to prepare for the future. dans nos écoles fait en
sorte que la ludification Les jeux les plus performants demeurent
After all, what is at stake here is the ability of our children to de l’éducation devient une nécessité. ceux qui sont amusants tout au long de
fully play their role as citizens in the digital future. Much of the Comment réussir cet important tournant l’activité et non pas seulement qu’au
scientific, ethical, social and environmental future depends on it. dans nos sociétés? moment de récolter le sentiment de
réussir l’objectif d’apprentissage. Car
L’apprentissage par le jeu, notamment voilà tout le pouvoir du jeu : s’amuser
le jeu vidéo, est un outil très puissant en apprenant nous pousse à aller plus
pour aborder cette pièce maîtresse de loin dans le développement de nos
l’éducation d’aujourd’hui et de demain. compétences.
Catherine Émond has a political
science degree from the University
of Montreal. Her career path led her Bien que le jeu vidéo soit d’abord perçu Plusieurs études bien documentées
In the context of getting involved in public education, one is struck
to occupy various positions within comme une activité de divertissement, en ont fait la démonstration : le jeu
by how few studios have developed relationships with government
cabinets of political representatives, il est de plus en plus utilisé comme un provoque des apprentissages et
and political leaders, apart from a few studios that truly specialise
both at the municipal and provincial outil de formation dans les secteurs affecte positivement la motivation et la
in “Edtech”.
levels. She has been active in public tolérance.
du marketing, de la santé, des services
organisations within key sectors of
The gaming industry needs to do more by involving its designers financiers et de l’éducation. Ce qui
Quebec’s development plan and can Dans le meilleur des scénarios, le jeu peut
and creators in more educational projects. The industry must handle economic affairs and integrate caractérise le jeu sérieux c’est qu’il
comprend un aspect pédagogique même sensibiliser sur des enjeux sociaux
accept that its business model will be transformed from a strictly them into Quebec’s public policies.
qui s’ajoute au scénario ludique ou et stimuler l’empathie. À titre d’exemple,
B2C model to integrate a “B2G” component. She distinguishes herself by her keen
divertissant. le jeu PeaceMaker propose aux joueurs
sense of leadership and strategy and
by her ability to mobilise various de se plonger soit dans le rôle du premier
On the other hand, public leaders, educational institutions, the
people around a common project. Le jeu vidéo est efficace pour stimuler ministre israélien ou alors, du président
media and teachers should better appreciate the involvement
Catherine’s mandate includes the l’apprentissage parce qu’il est Palestinien.
of studios and facilitate their participation in the education
overall administration of Alliance particulièrement captivant et stimulant.
ecosystem. Yes, this includes more funds to finance extra
Numérique. She aims to lead and L’objectif du jeu est de parvenir à une
employees that studios must hire for these types of projects.
carry out the various activities solution viable entre les deux États pour
Il existe une distinction entre « jeu
of the organisation, particularly résoudre le conflit. Atteindre l’objectif
éducatif » et « jeu pédagogique ». Dans
by promoting its position and implique non seulement de faire les
development, while paying attention le premier cas, l’objectif d’apprentissage
est implicite et le plaisir lié au fait meilleurs choix pour répondre aux
to its influence on the community.
d’avoir appris est donc accidentel. Le jeu besoins et du groupe qu’ils représentent,
The Detroit News, 1900-1930: The years of driving dangerously, April 2015 . Jeu Sérieux, Vicky Gagnon-Mountzouris, Marie-Michèle Lemieux, Jean-Philippe Pouliot, Groupe de travail de la promotion du développement
1
des compétences informationnelles (GT-PDCI), Université du Québec, 2016, p. 4 2 3
ISSUE • 8 https://www.google.ca/amp/s/amp.detroitnews.com/amp/26312107
OPINION
mais également de tenir technologiques en matière de gestion du data, de l’information et
OPINION
humaine dans tout
compte de la situation de son cela? de sécurité.
opposant .
En parallèle, curieusement,
Le jeu peut donc générer des on situe de plus en plus
apprentissages liés tant au les métiers d’avenir
Le pouvoir politique et l’utilisation des
savoir-faire qu’au savoir-être. autour des compétences
ressources numériques en éducation
que l’informatique et le
S’il apparait évident que le serious gaming est appelé à
numérique ne pourront pas
prendre plus de place dans l’éducation de nos enfants, qu’en
couvrir. Plus que jamais,
Pourquoi le serious nous compterons sur des
est-il de la capacité de nos pouvoirs publics à intégrer ses
gaming est-il si aptitudes d’intelligence
changements dans nos institutions? Force est de constater que,
puissant auprès de émotionnelle et une
bien souvent, ils sont à la traine puisque l’évolution technologie est
la jeunesse? conscience citoyenne étoffée
beaucoup plus rapide que la législation.
pour mener nos sociétés à
Et pourquoi est-ce si difficile L’un des enjeux se situe au niveau du palier décisionnel.
bon port.
pour la génération numérique L’instruction publique relève habituellement des gouvernements
de se concentrer dans un nationaux ou encore régionaux. Or, pour réussir ce virage
L’éthique, l’analyse sociale, la
environnement éducatif numérique, il faudra plutôt faire appel aux instances
créativité et l’innovation sont
traditionnel et magistral? internationales d’un côté, puis locales de l’autre.
des compétences qui resteront
toujours à dimension
Parce qu’ils sont nés La coopération internationale apparait essentielle pour régler des
humaine par opposition aux
avec le numérique, le questions macros qui ont trait au transfert des données. On parle
compétences techniques et
développement du cerveau ici par exemple d’enjeux de propriété intellectuelle, de protection
de gestion de données qui,
de la nouvelle génération des données personnelles ou encore de taxation des services. À
elles, seront déléguées aux
évolue selon des nouveaux l’autre extrême, c’est à l’échelle de l’école qu’il faudra implanter
supports technologiques déjà
paramètres. La plupart de ces nouvelles initiatives technologiques, en faisant les adaptations
disponibles ou qui seront
leurs références sociales sont nécessaires pour chaque communauté.
crées au fil du temps.
ainsi façonnées autour des
outils technologiques et des Les sources de résistance au changement sont multiples à ce
Apprendre par simulation
méthodes d’utilisation qui niveau. D’une part, une frange plus conservatrice chez les parents
permet de pousser plus croit que s’amuser ne peut pas être synonyme d’étudier puisque,
s’y rapportent.
loin le développement L’industrie du jeu vidéo et l’éducation de
“étudier c’est sérieux! “ L’approche éducative à leur époque était, nos sociétés
de compétences elle, très sérieuse et – voyez-vous? – ils s’en sont très bien tirés.
La ludification est donc
“expérientielles” et Pourquoi en serait-il si différent pour leurs enfants?
efficace parce qu’elle respecte Les studios de jeu vidéo sont en mesure d’agir en catalyseur des
transversales. Une
le rythme et le volume technologiques dans des pratiques éducatives de divers niveaux.
expérience immersive Les enseignants peuvent aussi résister à implanter ces changements
d’information auxquels le Sachant à quel point la relève sera dépendante de son habileté
nous aide à mieux capter technologiques dans leurs méthodes pédagogiques. On leur
jeune de cette génération à maîtriser les avancées technologiques dans son cheminement
les multiples dimensions impose déjà plusieurs changements à intégrer au niveau de
numérique est habitué. professionnel, il s’agit d’une responsabilité importante pour
environnementales, la matière à enseigner. Intégrer de nouveaux outils peut leur l’industrie du numérique.
politiques et sociales d’une sembler un trop grand bouleversement. L’implantation d’outils
L’expérience multimédia qui
situation donnée. technologiques de pointe peut également les rendre inconfortable :
inclue du langage parlé ou Mais faire des jeux captivants est un art complexe qui lie
écrit, des images, de l’audio, non seulement ont-ils parfois des difficultés à utiliser ces nouveaux innovation technologique, exactitude technique, originalité
Le serious gaming outils correctement, mais les enfants sont habituellement meilleurs
de l’animation ou carrément de l’intrigue ainsi qu’une ambiance et des personnages
devient donc un outil tout qu’eux!
une simulation immersive en intéressants. Y ajouter un aspect pédagogique ou éducatif est
indiqué pour travailler les
réalité virtuelle est en train de donc un coefficient de difficulté peu banal, qui demande une
compétences-clé telles que Pourtant, un virage réussi vers le numérique peut s’avérer la
devenir la norme du medium expertise marquée, en plus d’investissements financiers importants.
l’empathie, le jugement meilleure chose pour l’enseignante puisqu’il peut engendrer
pour présenter du contenu
et l’équité dont nous ne des élèves plus attentifs, de la matière qui est mieux intégrée et,
et par conséquent, la norme Or à ce jour, en dehors des quelques studios spécialisés en Edtech,
pourrons plus nous passer ultimement, de meilleurs résultats scolaires.
aussi pour celui qui l’absorbe. les concepteurs de divertissement numérique ont trop peu de liens
pour régulariser les avancées
Et la dimension constants et stratégiques avec les leaders politiques.
2
. Empathy, perspective and complicity : How digital games can support Peace Education and conflict resolution, Paul Darvasi, York
University, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development, November 2016 2 5
ISSUE • 8
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