Deploying 5G NR mmWave to unleash the full 5G potential - @qualcomm_tech
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November 2020 @qualcomm_tech Deploying 5G NR mmWave to unleash the full 5G potential
New frontier of mobile broadband — mobilizing mmWave
Vast amount of bandwidth that is ~25x more than what’s being used for 3G/4G
Sub-7 GHz Millimeter wave (mmWave)
(e.g., 3.5 GHz) (e.g., 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 60 GHz)
7 GHz 24 GHz 100 GHz
Multi-Gbps data rates Much more capacity Lower latency
With large bandwidths (100s of MHz) With dense spatial reuse Bringing new opportunities
2
Global mmWave spectrum targets 5G NR mmWave
24-28GHz
24.25-24.45GHz
37-40GHz
37-37.6GHz
64-71GHz >95GHz
spectrum highlights
57-64GHz
24.75-25.25GHz 37.6-40GHz
47.2-48.2GHz
64-71GHz >95GHz Ready for deployment in 2020 & beyond
27.5-28.35GHz
26.5-27.5GHz 37-37.6GHz 57-64GHz Completed three mmWave auctions so far,
27.5-28.35GHz 37.6-40GHz 64-71GHz including 24, 28, 37, 39, and 47 GHz
U.S.
24.5-27.5GHz 57-66GHz
28 GHz auction completed in Jun. 2018; each
26GHz 57-66GHz
operator assigned 800 MHz; plan to secure
South additional spectrum in 2021
Korea
26GHz 57-66GHz
Assigned 28 GHz mmWave spectrum in Apr.
26GHz 57-66GHz 2019; technical rules for additional spectrum (e.g.,
Japan 26.6-27 GHz and 39.5-43.5 GHz planned for 2021
26.5-27.5GHz 57-66GHz
Auction completed in Feb. 2020 with a total of 1.6
24.75-27.5GHz 40.5-43.5GHz GHz in 28 GHz band awarded to 4 operators
Taiwan
25.7-26.5GHz
26.5-28.9.5GHz 37GHz 57-66GHz 5G spectrum auction completed in Sep. 2018
28.9-29.5GHz with right of use starting January 1st, 2019
26.6-27GHz Italy
39-43.5GHz 57-66GHz
27-29.5GHz
26 GHz auction completed in Q4 2018 to enable
27.9-29.5GHz 2019+ commercial deployments
Russia
24.25-27.5GHz 26 GHz spectrum award planned for Q4 2020
37-43.5GHz
27.5-29.5GHz
Germany
24.25-29.5GHz 39GHz 57-66GHz Finland, UK have also made mmWave spectrum available
3
5G Rollout China
Now NSA Sub-6 GHz
Japan
Now NSA Sub-6 GHz
Outlook 2020
2021
Sub-6 FDD
Standalone 2020
mmWave
Sub-6 FDD
Sub-6 carrier aggregation
Sub-6 carrier aggregation
+ mmWave 2021 Standalone
Europe + Sub-6 + mmWave aggregation
Now NSA Sub-6 GHz
Sub-6 FDD
USA 2020 mmWave Korea
Now NSA Sub-6 GHz
Now NSA Sub-6 GHz 2021 Sub-6 carrier aggregation
mmWave + Standalone India 2020 mmWave
Sub-6 FDD 2021 + NSA Sub-6 GHz Standalone
Standalone + mmWave 2021 + Sub-6 FDD
+ Standalone + Sub-6 carrier aggregation
2021 Sub-6 carrier aggregation
+ Sub-6 + mmWave aggregation
+ Sub-6 + mmWave aggregation LatAm
Now NSA Sub-6 GHz
SEA Australia
Sub-6 FDD Now NSA Sub-6 GHz
Now NSA Sub-6 GHz
2021 + mmWave 2020 Sub-6 FDD
2020 + mmWave
+ Sub-6 carrier aggregation
2021 mmWave
+ Standalone 2021 Standalone
Sub-6 carrier aggregation
“+” implies the year indicated and beyond + Standalone
5G mmWave commercial devices
powered by Snapdragon
Hotspots
5G smartphones PCs
CPEs
Modules
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. 5
5G NR mmWave is bringing new waves of opportunities
For outdoor deployments… For indoor deployments…
• Significantly elevate today’s mobile • Complementing existing wireless services provided
experiences — initially focusing on smartphones by Wi-Fi—also expanding to new device types
• Deployments predominantly driven by mobile • Bringing superior speeds and virtually unlimited
operators — initially focusing on dense urban capacity for enhanced experiences
Creating value for the mobile ecosystem
Operators, service providers, venue owners, infra vendors, device OEMs,…
6
Conducting 5G mmWave performance field tests
Tests in commercial network show 1 Gbps+ downlink sustained throughput in all scenarios
1,746
1,690
Application layer
1,281 Downlink
Throughput
Near cell
5G mmWave
33 meters
LTE
All units in Mbps
70 85 85
Mid cell
Far cell
5G mmWave
gNodeB Far Cell Mid Cell Near Cell
Throughput achieved* 386 meters LOS Throughput achieved*
1,821 Mbps downlink 1,780 Mbps downlink
96.9 Mbps uplink 73.1 Mbps uplink
*Measured using Ookla SpeedTest 7
5G mmWave delivers unparalleled user experience
3 Gbps in peak download speed and significant gains in average throughput observed by 5G mmWave users
5G mmWave 5G sub-6 GHz 5G sub-6 GHz
1,046
940
730
160 156
143 139 150
115
48 67 52 51 50
44 39 41 48
Chicago Los Angeles New York Chicago Los Angeles New York Birmingham London Manchester
5G mmWave LTE All units in Mbps 5G sub-6 GHz LTE All units in Mbps 5G sub-6 GHz LTE All units in Mbps
Based on analysis by Ookla® of Speedtest Intelligence® data average download monthly 5G results from defined cities for Q4 2019 – Q3 2020. Ookla trademarks used under license and reprinted with permission.
Indoor Indoor /outdoor Transportation Fixed wireless Industrial
enterprises venues hubs access IoT
Offices, auditoriums, Conventions, concerts, Airports, train terminals, Urban cities, suburban towns, Factories, warehouses,
manufacturing stadiums subway stations rural villages logistic hubs
Expanding mmWave indoors, private networks, homes, IIoT
Multi-Gigabit speeds with Beyond smartphones, laptops, Leveraging existing Wi-Fi or
virtually unlimited capacity tablets, extended reality, … cellular by co-siting
9
View from gNodeB
Testing 5G NR
mobile mmWave for
indoor enterprises
Using commercial equipment
28 GHz gNodeB
Achieving significant coverage at 28 GHz1 ▪ 1-sector; ~20ft. height
▪ 400 MHz bandwidth
• Single sector provides solid coverage in the
lobby, atrium, and part of the auditorium
• Significant NLOS coverage behind the
gNodeB, including the 2nd and 3rd floor
Extreme capacity for enterprise use cases
• Downlink median burst rate2 of 3.1 Gbps
Path loss (dB)
Achieving Gigabit
speeds even in NLOS
1 Coverage simulation based on MAPL (maximum allowable path View from building entrance
loss) analysis with ray tracer propagation model and measured
material and propagation loss; minimum 0.4/0.1 bps/Hz for
downlink/uplink data and control; 2 Using 400 MHz DL bandwidth 10Bringing massive capacity and new experiences to stadiums
28 GHz band with 4x100 MHz CA — NSA with multiple LTE anchors1
5G vs. 4G Downlink Throughput2
10x
5G coverage in bowl 3x
98% seating from 8 sectors 5G mmWave
28 GHz with 100x4 MHz BW LTE
Bowl sectors
121 100 sectors in AWS/PCS
21 sectors in 700 MHz band
1x
9x
5G / 4G Sectors 1x
45 / 62
in parking lot 1x
Bowl Seating3 Suites / Concourses3 Parking Lots
1 AWS/PCS and 700 MHz bands; 2 Device testing from 2pm to midnight; 3 High 4G throughput in Bowl and Suites/concourses are due to trial CBRS sectors with 80 MHz aggregated bandwidth 11Field testing 5G
mmWave in a
3.6 Gbps
railway station Peak downlink throughput
with 800 MHz BW (8x CA)
Deploying in 28 GHz (n257) with NSA
option 3x using 2.1 GHz (B1) LTE anchor
271 Mbps
mmWave mmWave Peak downlink throughput
gNodeB gNodeB with 200 MHz BW (2x CA)
12Rural America: Extended-Range mmWave
delivers significant coverage improvement mmWave base
Field trial collaboration with U.S. Cellular operator and Ericsson station
Extended-range
Test Setup CPE
Extended-
range CPE
+2.1 Gbps
Extended-range 5 km long distances
+200 Mbps mmWave base
stationCollaborating Factory manufacturing floor (~34,159 sq. ft.); 12 ft. ceiling height
with ecosystem Pillar
Wall / Room
leaders to deploy Ceiling obs.
5G mmWave Equipment
AGV route
smart factory OHT route
~160 ft.
Initial use cases:
Automatic inspection of product lines
via automated guided vehicle (AGV)
and overhead transmission (OHT) Path loss (dB)
— 20 Mbps DL, 120 Mbps UL > -60
> -70
Remote augmented reality for > -80
equipment troubleshooting, > -90
maintenance, and repair > -100
— 25 Mbps DL, 25 Mbps UL > -110
> -115
> -120
Immersive virtual/augmented reality
for visitors of Green Technology ~213 ft.
Education Center
— 25 Mbps DL, 2.5 Mbps UL
5G NR NSA network operating in 28 GHz band, achieving median
1 With DL and UL bandwidth of 400 MHz and 200 MHz, respectively
Source: https://ase.aseglobal.com/en/press_room/content/5g_smart_factory_en
throughput greater than 1.5 Gbps in DL and 120 Mbps in UL1 14Qualcomm Webinar Series Part 1: Deploying mmWave to unleash the full 5G potential
mmWave 5G: high-
band economics
DATE AUTHOR
10/11/2020 Pau Castells
Head of Economic Analysis16
5G services now a reality
5G spectrum and mmWave
DNK DEU AUT LUX PRT GRC GBR IRL
6 GHz TWN HKG ARE
IT JP SK
Up to Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 Q1 2021+*
*Q1 2021+ data not exhaustive; preference by dateThe pros and cons of mmWave
The CONS The PROS
• Short range • Mobile data traffic
• Susceptible to growing rapidly
interference • High-speeds and low-
• Indoor penetration latency a must for 5G
difficulties • More spectral bandwidth
• New deployment and contiguous spectrum
strategies required than any other band
• Market ready?mmWave trials on the rise Market ready?
700
600
116
500
400
300
88
200
100 49
18
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
cumulative total cumulative mmWave
• Many operators using mmWave spectrum for trials
• Three countries already launched live commercial mmWave networks:
United States, South Africa and JapanDevices / equipment scaling Market ready?
Consumer devices
Network equipment
100+
100
80
• all major network equipment vendors are
now offering mmWave solutions
60 • Three main product categories available at
50+
the end of 2020:
40 35+
• High-capacity macro sites
• Micro, lamp or pole sites
• Indoor 5G small cell solutions
20
10+
• cost gap between sub-6 GHz and mmWave
5 5 solutions steadily decreasing
0
2019 2020 2021
Smartphones FWA CPEsmmWave: Cost-effective?
cost effective in the short
run?
Population Surface to
Subscribers
density cover
Traffic demand
Total cost of
ownership
Network density and capacity
Coverage Frequency
Throughput
requirements bandScenario: Dense Urban Cost-effective?
• Two deployment strategies: 3.5 GHz-only vs
3.5 GHz + mmWave
120
• Period 2020
2020to 2025 2022 2024
3.5GHz-only TCO 2026 2028
100
FWA
• Scenario constructed using population
Cost index (100 = 3.5 GHz-only TCO)
eMBBdensity and satellite data on major cities in 80
Indoor
Greater China and Europe
Coverage extension 60
Hypothetical urban area Hypothetical urban area Hypothetical urban area
• In dense urban Greater China, mmWave 40
cost effective in the densest parts of cities
as soon as spectrum is available 20
• In dense urban Europe, mmWave 5G 0
Greater China Europe
cost effective from 2024 in the densest
parts of urban areas if traffic demand is Connected users
5% 10% 25%
high
FWA deployments by requirement eMBB hotspot deployments Coverage extensions with IABScenario: 5G FWA Cost-effective?
120
• Two deployment strategies : 3.5 GHz FWA
vs mmWave FWA 3.5 GHz TCO
2020 2022 100 2024 2026 2028
• Scenario constructed using population
FWA
density data and satellite data on urban
eMBB
areas in Greater China, sub-urban areas in 80
Indoor
Europe and rural towns in the US
Base 100: 3.5GHz TCO
Coverage extension
60
Hypothetical urban area Hypothetical urban area Hypothetical urban area
• mmWave FWA deployments in urban
China, sub-urban Europe and rural
towns in the US can be cost-effective 40
• 5G mmWave FWA makes sense when it
20
can capture a significant percentage of
the residential broadband market demand
(chart shows results when adoption 0
reaches 50% by 2025) or if traffic
FWA deployments by requirement eMBB hotspot deployments
2023 2024 2025 2023 2024 Coverage
2025 extensions
2023 with
2024IAB 2025
Urban China Sub-urban Europe Rural US town
demand is relatively highScenario: Indoor Cost-effective?
• Two deployment strategies compared: 3.5 120
GHz-only vs 3.5 GHz and mmWave
100
• Scenario2020constructed using a hypothetical
2022 2024 2026 2028
FWA office building where indoor coverage is
Cost index (100 = 3.5 GHz-only TCO)
eMBBpoor; only a small share of traffic on 5G
80
(just 15% of downlink traffic and 5% of
Indoor
uplink traffic) can be offloaded to outdoor 60
Coverage
sitesextension
Hypothetical urban area Hypothetical urban area Hypothetical urban area
40
• A mmWave indoor office 5G network
could be cost effective and generate cost
savings between 5% and 20% 20
• Significant share of data traffic needs to 0
be supported by indoor 5G services 10% 30%
With standard communications equipment
eMBB hotspot deployments With advanced communications
Coverageequipment
extensions with IABmmWave out to 2030:
importance will continue to grow
700
600
500
mmWave impact on economic
output 2026-2030 = $1
400
trillion
$ billion
mmWave impact on economic
300 output 2020-2025 = $300
billion
200
100
0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
mmWave 5G 26Recommendations
1. Operators – do not underestimate the role of mmWave in the short run
2. Governments – make clear plans for the assignment of mmWave bands
Vendors – scale is key: a wider choice of consumer devices and
3.
equipment will reduce costs and facilitate adoption
27THANKS! Pau Castells Head of Economic Analysis, GSMA Intelligence
Evolving
mmWave in
3GPP Rel-16+
29Driving the 5G technology evolution
Continue expansion to new verticals,
deployments, use cases, spectrum
Delivering
on the 5G vision Rel-18+ evolution
Rel-171
Unified, future-proof
platform Rel-161
Rel-15
LTE essential part
of the 5G platform NR Rel-15 commercialization Commercialization of Rel-16, 17, and future releases
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023+
Rel-15 eMBB focus Rel-16 industry expansion Rel-17+ long-term expansion
• 5G NR foundation • eURLLC and TSN for IIoT • 5G V2X sidelink multicast • Lower complexity NR-Light
• Smartphones, FWA, PC • NR in unlicensed (NR-U) • In-band eMTC/NB-IoT • Boundless extended reality (XR)
• Expanding to venues, enterprises • Positioning • Higher precision positioning and more…
1. 3GPP start date indicates approval of study package (study item->work item->specifications), previous release continues beyond start of next release with functional freezes and ASN.1 30Distributing antennas to improve robustness and coverage
mmWave gNodeB mmWave repeaters mmWave integrated access
and backhaul (IAB)
Wireless fronthaul mmWave link
(e.g., 95 GHz)
RRH Simple IAB node
Repeater
Fiber Adaptive multi-beam
gNodeB fronthaul gNodeB operation and TDD gNodeB IAB node
awareness
RRH Smart
Repeater
5G NR mmWave gNodeB and Extending coverage with simple Rel-16 IAB improves coverage and
remote radio heads (RRHs) repeaters, smart repeaters in Rel-17+ capacity, further enhancements in Rel-17+
Beam overlap with Flexible spatial reuse Range extension and
improved angular diversity from single mmWave cell coverage around blockages
315G NR mmWave IAB1 for cost-efficient dense deployments
Improves coverage and capacity, while limiting backhaul cost
Sub-6 GHz gNodeB Multi-hop capability Redundant links
mmWave backhaul
mmWave access
For SA and
NSA 5G NR For mobile and fixed
modes wireless access
Fiber
backhaul
1 Integrated Access and Backhaul
• mmWave access inherently requires small cell deployment
Traditional fiber backhaul
• Running fiber to each cell site may not be feasible and can be cost prohibitive
can be expensive for • mmWave backhaul can have longer range compared to access
mmWave cell sites • mmWave access and backhaul can flexibly share common resources 32Supporting a flexible network deployment strategy
IAB can enable rapid and cost-efficient 5G NR mmWave network buildout
IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB
IAB
Fiber Fiber IAB
Fiber
backhaul backhaul backhaul
Early 5G NR mmWave Widening 5G NR mmWave Supporting rapid traffic
deployments based on Rel-15 coverage using IAB growth with additional fibers
Starting to connect new 5G NR Incrementally deploying additional Deploying new fiber links for
mmWave base stations using base stations with IAB still using selected IAB nodes as
limited/existing fiber links limited/existing fiber links capacity demands increase
33Map Legend
February 2020
gNodeB site
mmWave
# devices
Deploying IAB to IAB site
expand mmWave Average downlink signal improvement
coverage
End-to-end system simulations
using 5G NR mmWave at 28 GHz
Network throughput improvement
Frankfurt, Germany
Total simulation mmWave coverage simulation results
area: ~1 km2
Total number
of gNodeBs: 7
Total number
of IAB nodes: 28
Total number
of devices: 300
Link to full demonstration video
34
No IAB With IABFebruary 2020
Breaking the technology
boundary with 5G mobile
mmWave evolution
Advanced 5G mmWave OTA test network
▪ 3GPP-compliant 5G mmWave network operating
at 28 GHz capable of 800 MHz bandwidth
Mobile test device
▪ Robustness with crowd blocking and high-speed on a drone
mobility (i.e., device travelling on a drone)
▪ Boundless virtual reality (VR) experiences using
5G, edge cloud and on-device processing
5G mobile mmWave technology evolution
▪ System simulations of new features in Rel-16+
▪ Integrated access and backhaul
▪ Multiple transmission and reception point
▪ Advanced device power saving features
355G NR enhancements for mmWave
Completed Release 16 Projects Release 17+ Projects
Integrated access and backhaul (IAB) Improved IAB for distributed deployment
Enabling flexible deployment of small cells reusing Introducing full duplex operations and mobile relays for
spectrum and equipment for access and backhaul improved capability, coverage, and QoS
Enhanced beam management Optimized coverage & beam management
Improving latency, robustness and performance with full Reducing overhead, enhancing performance (e.g., beam
beam refinement and multi-antenna-panel beam support selection), improving coverage
Power saving features Expanded spectrum support
Maximizing device sleep duration to improve power Supporting licensed and unlicensed spectrum in
consumption as well as allowing faster link feedback frequencies ranging from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz
Dual connectivity optimization New use cases beyond eMBB
Reducing device initial access latency and improving Expanding mmWave support for sidelink, URLLC,
coverage when connected to multiple nodes and industrial IoT use cases (e.g., NR-Light)
Positioning Enhanced positioning
Meeting initial accuracy requirements of 3m (indoor) Enhancing capability for a wide range of use cases
to 10m (outdoors) for 80% of time — cm-level accuracy, lower latency, higher capacity
36Questions?
37Thank you
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www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm
components or devices referenced herein. Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries
or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as
©2019-2020 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its
applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing
affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
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