Current Status and Future Plan of JAXA Earth Observation Missions for Climate Studies and Operational Applications
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Current Status and Future Plan of
JAXA Earth Observation Missions
for Climate Studies and
Operational Applications
M. Kachi, H. Murakami, T. Kubota, A. Kuze,
T. Tadono, R. Oki & T. Nakajima
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
with supports from M. Yamaji, M. Yoshida and JMA
AOMSUC-10@Melbourne, Australia
4-6 Dec. 2019
Japanese Earth Observation Satellites
Work plan of Space Policy Committee, Cabinet Office
Targets (JFY: Apr-Mar) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Disasters & Resources [Land and disaster monitoring]
JERS1/OPS, SAR (1992-1998) ALOS-2 / PALSAR-2 ALOS-4/Advanced SAR
ADEOS-I/AVNIR
ALOS/AVNIR2, PALSAR (2006-2011) ALOS-2CIRC
ISS/CIRC ALOS-3/Advanced Optical
Climate System TRMM / PR 1997~ [Precipitation 3D structure] [Wind, SST ,
•Water Cycle with NASA
GPM / DPR Feasibility study water vapor,
ADEOS-II/AMSR (2003) precipitation]
with NASA
Aqua/AMSR-E (2002-2011) AMSR-2
Successor Sensor
[Wind, SST , water vapor, rainfall] TANSO-2 GOSAT-GW/
Successor
GCOM-W / AMSR2
Sensor
AMSR3
•Climate change [Vegetation, aerosol, cloud, SST, ocean color]
ADEOS-I/OCTS (1996-1997) GCOM-C / SGLI
ADEOS-II/GLI (2003) [Cloud and aerosol 3D structure]
EarthCARE / CPR
with ESA
[CO2, CH4]
GOSAT / FTS, CAI 2009~ GOAT-GW/
•Greenhouse gases with MOE
TANSO-3
[CO2, CH4, CO]
with MOE GOSAT-2
JMA geostationary MTSAT-1R (Himawari-6)
Himawari 10/11 planning
meteorological MTSAT-2 (Himawari-7) [Cloud, aerosol, SST]
satellites [Cloud, SST] Himawari-8/AHI
Himawari-9 (standby)
Mission status 2
Completed On orbit Development Pre-phase-A
Launch of Greenhouse gases Observing
SATellite-2 (GOSAT-2)
GOSAT-2 launch on Oct. 29, 2018 TANSO-FTS-2 first spectra
Dec. 13, 2018, Nagoya, Japan
TANSO-FTS-2
(1)Adding Carbon Monoxide (CO) O2
measurement to identify CO2
enhancement by combustion
(2)Wider pointing angles
(3)Fully customized observation pattern CH4 CO2
(4)Cloud avoiding pointing
GOSAT-2 CAI-2-forward GOSAT-2 CAI-2-Backward TANSO-CAI-2 CO
CH4 CO2
(1) 10 bands
Iran (2) Multi-viewing
Duba
Pakistan
capability improved
i
aerosol detection
GOSAT CAI Nadir Arabian Sea CO2 CH4
TANSO-CAI-2
first light
(Nov. 5, 2018)
Dec. 13, Nagoya
3
Data Release of Global Change Observation
Mission – Climate (GCOM-C) in Dec. 2018
Water-cloud Aerosol
optical thickness optical thickness Leaf area index PAR Chlorophyll-a conc.
◀ GCOM-C provides
Water-cloud Land surface
effective radius Snow grain size Above ground biomass temperature SST 29 data products
from G-Portal
Sea Surface Temperature Chlorophyll-a
◀ SGLI on GCOM-C has
250-m resolution and
captured fine structures of
ocean current and eddies.
2019/05/08
44
GOSAT-GW & AMSR3
Global Observation SATellite for GHG and Water Cycle
The GOSAT-GW satellite will carry two missions, AMSR3 and
TANSO-3.
◼ AMSR3, led by JAXA, will succeed AMSR series observations with new
high-frequency channels (166 & 183 GHz) for solid precipitation
retrievals and water vapor analysis in numerical weather prediction.
◼ TANSO-3, led by Japanese Ministry of Environment (MOE), will improve
observation capability of greenhouse gases from GOSAT-2/TANSO-2.
◼ Internal project approval review was completed in Nov. 2019, and
became official project in Dec. 2019. AMSR-2
Orbit Specification Successor Sensor
◼ 666 km altitude (same as GOSAT) and
13:30 LT in Ascending node (same as GCOM-W)
TANSO-2
Successor
Sensor
Mission Targets of AMSR3
◼ Understanding water cycle variation and impacts of climate change
◼ Improvements in numerical weather prediction, typhoon analysis, etc.
◼ Contributions to fisheries near coast
◼ Contribution to navigation support in polar oceans
5
Example of Collaborations (1):
Aerosol Monitoring and Forecasts
Jeju Island (altitude:1950m)
(blocks the aerosol)
• The high and nearly continuous AOT over land
and ocean are estimated from Himawari-8/AHI
• Transports of aerosols are captured by utilizing
frequent (10-min) observations by AHI
6
JMA-JAXA Collaboration Framework
for Aerosol Forecasts
Data assimilation
• JAXA has provided the Himawari
(MASINGAR)
aerosol algorithm (L2, L3) to JMA, and
MRI JMA has implemented the algorithm to
its operational system.
• JMA plans to start data assimilation of
the Himawari aerosol in its
operational system in January
2020.
• Data assimilation of aerosol by polar
orbital satellites (e.g. GCOM-C/SGLI)
will be the next target.
7
Example of Collaborations (2):
Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation
Dual-Frequency
Gauge-adjusted
Precipitation Quoted by JMA website
Radar Providing reference standard
GPM
Microwave cloud motion
Imager
Global information by IR
Precipitation imager on
Measurement Geostationary satellite
Core satellite Constellation satellites ©JMA
Precipitation Microwave
IR Imager
Radar Radiometer
• hourly global rainfall data Multi-satellite Rainfall Product
• 0.1x0.1deg. lat/lon distribution
• Various version such as realtime for
monitoring or long-term gauge- ・website ・CSV
adjusted for climatological ・netCDF ・Binary
purposes ・GeoTIFF ・png
8
アフリカ, 100 , 4% 不明, 2, 0%
Utilization of GSMaP in Asia-Oceania
ヨーロッパ, 177 , 7%
In Asian region, In Oceania region,
オセアニア, 79 , 2%
アフリカ, 148 , 4% 不明, 2, 0%
Oceania 2%
ヨーロッパ, 270 , 6%
オセアニア, 41 , 2%
1000 Increasing Timeseries of
5380
アフリカ, 100 , 4% 不明, 2, 0%
Africa北米・中南米,
3%
北米・中南米,
256 , 10%
398 , 9% 177 , 7%
日本, 856 , 34%registered (data analysis) users from
800
FIJI during Cyclone
PageView from
ヨーロッパ,
Japan TONGA seasons
Europe 7%
Americas 9% 32%
北米・中南米, 256 , 10%
日本, 1373 , 33%
128 countries as of Oct.2019. 600 Pacific Islands
400
日本, 856 , 34%
Asia
アジア（海外）（中東含む）,
79% of total registered users are 200
(including Middle East) 1915 , 46%
アジア（海外）（中東含む）,
1083 , 43% originally from Asian region. 0
SOLOMON
47%
アジア（海外）（中東含む）,
1083 , 43%
Users from Pacific islands use
日本 アジア（海外）（中東含む） 北米・中南米 ヨーロッパ アフリカ オセアニア 不明
Various application fields using GSMaP in Asia
日本 アジア（海外）（中東含む） 北米・中南米 ヨーロッパ アフリカ オセアニア 不明
website for monitoring
Operational Disaster Report Agricultural Himawari
Weather Monitoring Climate Monitoring Higher-resolution Cloud
日本 アジア（海外）（中東含む） 北米・中南米 ヨーロッパ アフリカ オセアニア 不明
GSMaP
@BMKG, Indonesia @Disaster @Solomon
Officers monitoring rainfall Management
Drought Anomaly met service
using GSMaP Centre, SriLanka
in Thailand
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb. GSMaP
https://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.j
int/files/resources/Situation_16_M
p/JASMIN/index.html Directly observed Rainfall 9
ay_2016.pdf
JAXA ＆ JMA’s Collaboration in Technical
Development toward the Utilization of GSMaP
WMO’s Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo for
Nowcasting (RSMC Tokyo for Nowcasting) operated by JMA supplies
National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) with graphical
nowcasting products to help improve capacity for disaster risk reduction.
JAXA and JMA started collaboration toward the utilization of GSMaP
data in the issuance of warnings by NMHSs in Asia and Pacific region
through the RSMC Tokyo for Nowcasting.
Phase II (2020-2022)
Development of integrated regional
QPE (Quantitative Precipitation Estimation)
Phase I (2018-2019) and QPF (Quantitative Precipitation Forecast)
Evaluation of uncertainties
in rainfall analysis and prediction in
GSMaP data
10GSMaP’s Contribution to WMO SEMDP
Space-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring Demo. Project
WMO Space-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring (SWCEM) Demonstration Project
(SEMDP), East Asia and Western Pacific Regional Subproject initiated in 2018 (Kuleshov et al.
2019, DOI:10.5772/intechopen.85824).
JAXA participates to this subproject with the GSMaP, and provide the GSMaP_Gauge_NRT
product with 19yr-climate normal.
Targets are heavy rainfall and drought from 5-days up to a month.
WMO SEMDP Case study over Indonesia on Dec2014
Kinck-off Workshop, Reporting gauges
Satellite Detected Region of Extreme
Jan. 2018, BMKG, Heavy Rainfall based upon percentiles
Jakarta, Indonesia from past 19-yr data
GSMaP (v6) Gauge-NRT
WMO SEMDP
Workshop,
Nov. 2018, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
(mm/day)
11Example of Collaborations (3):
Multi-satellites and Models
Hourly animation of GSMaP accumulated
rainfall by the Super Typhoon No.19 “HAGIBIS”
from 00Z 5th Oct. to 23Z 13th Oct., 2019 12
12Inside Structure of the Super Typhoon No.19
“HAGIBIS” in Oct. 2019 by GCOM-W
Himawari-8/AHI VIS GCOM-W/AMSR2 Rainfall GCOM-W/AMSR2 TPW
3:50-59Z on 11 Oct. 2019
• AMSR2 can capture structure of
rainfall, total precipitable water and GCOM-W/AMSR2 All-Weather
wind speed under the typhoon clouds Sea Surface Wind Speed
13Capturing the Damages Caused by
the Typhoon by ALOS-2 and GCOM-C
Flooding
Simulation of river discharge by area
1-kmaround Chikuma
resolution land river detected by ALOS-2/PALSAR Sediment discharges/suspended solids along the coast
surface/floodplain modelat (Today’s
2:56Z onEarth
13 Oct. 2019.
- Japan) detected by GCOM-C/SGLI at 1:53Z on 13 Oct. 2019.
Flooding of Chikuma river was forecasted by the
model. 3m res., HH pol.
Flooding
area
Broken
bank
250m res.,
RGB composite
https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/water/
14JAXA’s Open and Free EO Data and Services
Portal Name and URL
G-Portal
Provides products of GPM, GCOM-W, GCOM-C, GOSAT, and Past Satellites and Sensors (MOS-1/1b, JERS-1,
ADEOS, ADEOS-II, Aqua/AMSR-E, TRMM/PR) https://gportal.jaxa.jp/gpr/
(Contacts : z-gportal-support@ml.jaxa.jp)
GSMaP: Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation
Provides hourly Global Rainfall Map in Near-Real-Time (GSMaP_NRT), available four hours after observation.
(GPM-Core GMI, TRMM TMI, GCOM-W1 AMSR2, DMSP series SSMIS, NOAA series AMSU, MetOp series AMSU,
and Geostationary IR)
https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/
(Contacts : z-trmm_real@ml.jaxa.jp)
JAXA Himawari Monitor
Provides multi-satellite products from the Himawari Standard Data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency
(JMA) as well as the geophysical parameter data (Aerosol Optical Thickness, Sea Surface Temperature, Short
Wave Radiation, Chlorophyll-a, Wild Fire, Photovoltaic Power, Cloud Optical Thickness and Cloud Type) produced
by JAXA.
https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ptree/
(Contacts : z-ptree@ml.jaxa.jp)
GDAS: GOSAT Data Archive Service
(Operated by National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES))
Provides GOSAT products (Methane and CO2).
https://data2.gosat.nies.go.jp/index_en.html
(Contacts: gosat-support@nies.go.jp)
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