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CONTACTOR ® & RECHARGER ® STORMWATER CHAMBERS
Providing Stormwater® Solutions Since 1986
SYSTEM RECHARGING
CULTEC is consistently innovating, improving and responding to the needs of the marketplace. Ever evolving and recharging the
industry, we have new product developments, design tools and third-party certifications. Some recent upgrades:
• 36” Recharger® 360HD is the deepest cover large capacity plastic chamber on the market.
• Shift to blue chamber design for lower surface temperatures and increased arch stiffness during construction.
• CULTEC’s SeparatorTM Row Filtration System has received Environmental Technology Verification.
• Products are integrated into popular stormwater modeling software.
• Adhere to AASHTO LRFD Design Standards.
CONTACTOR ® & RECHARGER ® STORMWATER SOLUTIONS
RETENTION • DETENTION • INFILTRATION • WATER QUALITY
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MARCH/APRIL 2019 | WWW.ESTORMWATER.COM
THE STORM WATER AND EROSION CONTROL RESOURCE
VEGETATION
RESTORATION
Improvements to ephemeral stream reduce storm water erosion 28
IN THIS ISSUE:
SWS City Report
Special Section: Storage
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VOLUME 13 • NUMBER 3 March/April 2019
14
24 34
Departments Features
5 Editorial Letter 10 SWS City Report: New York
The city that stretches its storm water plan across five boroughs
6 Industry View
14 Old Faithful, New Pavement
8 Guest Column
Walkways at the nation’s first national park get a storm water-friendly upgrade
38 Ohio Stormwater
28 Taking Root
Conference Preview
Restoring the native blackland prairie to Cottonmouth Creek
40 Case Studies
34 Safety First
44 Products & Services Michigan airport rehabilitates drainage pipe with little impact on flight operations
50 Talking Points
48 Ad Index SPECIAL SECTION: STORAGE
20 Storm Water Fortress
Chicago's McCook Reservoir Stage I prevents flooding in its inaugural year
24 Thinking Outside the Big Box
A department store combines bioretention & subsurface detention basins
On the Cover
Restoration efforts improve
Cottonmouth Creek. 28
www.estormwater.com | 3
Write in 752
Editorial Letter
VOL. 13 Q NO. 3
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Bill Wilson
MANAGING EDITOR Lauren Baltas
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Amy McIntosh
We Can Do It!
S
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Michael Meyer
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Bob Crossen
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Lauren Estes
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Sara Myers
Since joining the SWS team as managing editor, one of my most
DESIGNER Dan Soltis valuable experiences has been connecting with women in the
storm water and erosion control industry. As a young woman
SALES
professional, I am in the unique position to not only learn from
NATIONAL INTEGRATED Larry Scott
MEDIA CONSULTANT lscott@sgcmail.com and relate to their stories, but also report on them in ways that
480.893.9911 may motivate other women professionals.
ADVERTISING COORDINATOR Karen Teeter
kteeter@sgcmail.com In February, while attending the International Erosion
847.391.1005 Control Assn. Annual Conference & Expo in Denver, I joined
REPRINTS Adrienne Miller
Reprint Coordinator
an intelligent and welcoming group of women at the Women of
847.391.1036 Water (formerly Women of IECA) networking reception. With a
amiller@sgcmail.com
beautiful view of the Rocky Mountains and cocktails in hand,
LIST RENTAL CONTACT Claude Marada
claude.marada@infogroup.com approximately 20 attendees introduced themselves and their Lauren Baltas
402.836.6274
roles in the industry, and shared some takeaways. A number Managing Editor
Bart Piccirillo
bart.piccirillo@infogroup.com of women expressed similar sentiments of watching diversity lbaltas@sgcmail.com
402.836.6283
and inclusivity grow in the industry in recent decades. Several
MANAGEMENT women shared that when they first joined the industry, they 2019
SR. VP/GROUP PUBLISHER Ryan Hanson could count the women they knew in it on one hand. Jesse H. Neal Finalist
PUBLISHER Robin Pasteur More women, young people and people of color are creating ASBPE National & Regional
VP OF CUSTOM MEDIA Diane Vojcanin
change and positivity in the world of storm water and erosion Finalist
& MARKETING
DIRECTOR OF AUDIENCE April Deutmeyer control than ever before. I hope this upward trend continues.
& DATA DEVELOPMENT The diversity in the industry still is relatively small, but we can 2018
DIRECTOR OF John Atwood
encourage growth. We can motivate young women and people Jesse H. Neal Winner
STRATEGIC PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT of color to join STEM fields; we can create more inclusive work ASBPE Regional Silver
ASSISTANT DESIGN MANAGER Dara Rubin environments; we can develop work clothes and tools better & Bronze Winner
drubin@sgcmail.com
847.391.1038 suited for different body types; and we can welcome more diver- ASBPE National Honorable
sity in leadership roles. Mention
CORPORATE
If you have a story you would like to share, please send it my
CHAIRMAN EMERITUS H.S. Gillette (1922–2003)
CHAIRPERSON K.A. Gillette
way. And if you would like to connect with more women in the 2017
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER E.S. Gillette industry, I hope I can be a resource to you. ASBPE Regional Bronze
PRESIDENT Rick Schwer Winner
CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER Dave Shreiner
SR. VICE PRESIDENT Ann O’Neill
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
JOSEPH G. BATTIATA, P.E. Center for
Watershed Protection Inc.
STEPHEN M. BENZ, P.E., OLIN
LEED AP, HON. ASLA
JOHN GLEASON, P.E., CPESC JCG Consulting
ROBERT K. WEIR, P.E. Hydroscreen Co.
DIANE HITT East Coast Erosion Blankets
TORI DURLIAT Advanced Drainage Systems Storm Water Solutions
I, PODCAST
HARRY STARK, MPA, CMS4S Ohio Stormwater Assn.
Visit www.estormwater.com/ Storm Water Solutions
type/podcast to listen to
the latest episode of Talking @SWSmag
3030 W. Salt Creek Ln. #201
Under Water for one water
Arlington Heights, IL 60005
847.391.1000 Q fax: 847.390.0408 news, interviews and musings.
www.estormwater.com | 5
Industry View The Big Picture When complete, the Lakewood Storm Water and Runoff Capture Project in Southern California will cover nearly 14 acre-ft and store 4.5 million gal of water—roughly the same as seven Olympic-size swimming pools. The 307-ft-long-by-180- ft-wide underground structure will be operational in April 2019. Photo courtesy of Jensen Precast SHOW US YOUR BEST We want to see your best photos. Send us your recent jobsite, weather event, or installation photos and you could be featured in the next issue of SWS. Email your recent images in high resolution (300 dpi) .jpg format to swseditor@sgcmail.com. Photos must be taken within one to two weeks of the submission date. 6 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019
Guest Column | By Heather Schmidt, Lee Kellenberger & Andrew Smith
The Big Picture
“
G
“Get the water off the streets!” Planning for Change
That was the rallying cry for storm water manage- Johnson County’s new approach to storm water
ment through most of the 20th century and certainly the management requires a degree of change that is dif-
reason for the creation of the Storm Water Management ficult to implement, from a logistical and human
Program (SMP) in Johnson County, Kan., in 1998. acceptance standpoint. Many active stakeholders are
Flooding became a major issue for Johnson County cit- involved beyond the professionals working within
the program at the county level, but also those in the
ies in the 1970s and 1980s leading to the creation of the
SMP. The SMP is funded through a dedicated 1⁄10-of-one- municipalities that use the program, in downstream
cent sales tax, and the program’s purpose is to provide municipalities and regulatory agencies, and those who
financial, technical and planning support services for reside in the county. A key step towards overcoming
municipalities within Johnson County for storm water this difficulty is robust implementation.
management improvements. Through this process, the SMP also found that while
formal, long-range strategic plans are commonplace
Developing the Program among for-profit and corporate organizations, creating
Initially, the SMP was focused on efforts to reduce them does not appear to be a commonplace activity for
the impact of flooding. Activities included floodplain public storm water entities. Strategic planning can take
boundary mapping; coordinating Federal Emergency time, needs political backing and may require costs for
Management Agency outside assistance. And
efforts for municipali- simply: change is hard.
ties; cost-sharing of flood Organizations and departments Organizational inertia can
improvement projects to within local governments need to be a difficult obstacle. This
protect homes, businesses can be true for public enti-
and streets from flooding; take a critical look at their systems, ties or governments, where
and storm water improve- strategies and structures, to it can be easier to stick to
ment coordination across what has worked.
jurisdictional boundar- evolve and meet the needs of their Nonetheless, Johnson
ies. The SMP also provided stakeholders now and in the future. County’s experience repre-
limited water quality sup- sents a compelling example
port to the cities, mostly of why and how strategic
in the form of coordinating and facilitating municipal planning can reap benefits for storm water organizations
NPDES permitting activities. and their stakeholders. Many of the planning drivers for
However, in the 2010s, the SMP began to recognize Johnson County likely are the same for other programs
that the “state of the practice” of storm water man- such as an evolving “state of practice,” a need to assess
agement was changing and that the needs of the pro- the program value provided to stakeholders and an evalu-
gram stakeholders were changing with it. This spurred ation of the efficient delivery of limited funds.
Re-evaluating a strategic planning process that began in 2014 to While the outcomes and strategies in the strate-
strategies to meet reassess the current function of the program and gic plan may be unique to Johnson County, the process
determine the best way to move it forward. The SMP applied in this effort was not. Organizations and depart-
evolving needs engaged Black and Veatch Corp. to lead a comprehen- ments within local governments need to take a criti-
sive program update. cal look at their systems, strategies and structures, to
The steering committee's ultimate recommen- evolve and meet the needs of their stakeholders now
dation required key changes to the program. They and in the future.
included moving to a watershed-based organiza-
tion, refocusing flood mitigation funds toward public Heather Schmidt is water quality specialist for
safety, including system replacement projects, call- Johnson County Public Works. Lee Kellenberger
ing for an asset management program and enhancing is program manager for the Johnson County
focus on alternative funding sources. It envisioned six Stormwater Management Program. Andrew Smith
newly created watershed organizations that would is national stormwater practice lead for Black &
work together to bring projects to the county for Veatch Corp. Schmidt can be reached at
funding consideration. heather.schmidt@jocogov.org.
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To manage CSOs, NYC takes a multi- year, NYC provided more than 5,000 60-gal rain According to DEP, ROW space makes up
faceted approach, including efforts to separate barrels to residents and commercial properties approximately 30% of the impervious cover
CSS where possible, but it relies primarily on across the city. The harvested rainwater can be in NYC. This high percentage of space offers
its Green Infrastructure Program. used for non-potable activities, such as water- a large opportunity to divert runoff from the
ing lawns and gardens, thus reducing the strain CSS. NYC takes advantage of as many spaces
Green Infrastructure on NYC’s water system, conserving water and as possible to counteract CSOs and incorpo-
“Our Green Infrastructure Program is diverting storm water from the CSS. However, rate green features, which not only manage
the foremost and most extensive, not only in it may be difficult for the city to monitor the storm water, but also ultimately improve the
New York City, but I think it’s the largest in implementation of these rain barrels (e.g., con- quality of life in NYC.
the nation in the last four years,” said Pinar trolling how well and frequently they are used). To help mitigate flooding, the GI plan
Balci, Ph.D., assistant commissioner, Bureau of Another useful impervious surface is roof- also incorporates less common features. The
Environmental Planning and Analysis, DEP. tops, which comprise nearly ⅓ of the city’s Bluebelt Program, for example, uses natural
To say New York’s GI program is far- total impervious surface area, according to drainage corridors, such as streams and ponds,
reaching would be an understatement. DEP has DEP. NYC is testing the merits of blue—when for filtering and controlling storm water and
more than 4,500 GI assets across the city, rang- weirs at drain inlets create ponding—and flooding. Overall, the program covers 14,000
ing from rain gardens to green roofs to green green—vegetated—roofs. Blue roofs are more acres and 19 watersheds, and it covers nearly ⅓
streets. From 2010 to 2017, it added 467 greened affordable, but green roofs offer the added of Staten Island.
acres. The primary goal of the program is to benefits of reducing air and noise pollution “The Bluebelt Program is very unique to
reduce CSOs into the harbor—and it is a hefty and reducing the heat island effect, while blue highly urbanized environments,” Balci said.
goal. For the overall program, DEP promised roofs only minimally counteract it. Until 2018, In 2017, DEP invested $48 million in
a reduction of 1.67 billion gal of CSOs per year, DEP also offered tax cuts for buildings that expanding the Staten Island Bluebelt Program
and expects to hit ⅓ of this mark by 2020 by incorporated green roofs, which is a powerful with storm sewers, catch basins, replaced
reducing 507 million gal per year. It is too soon incentive. While NYC offers a green roof pro- water mains and other expansions. The wet-
to tell if it will accomplish this steep goal. gram as part of its GI program, it is not utilized lands will naturally filter storm water from
Source control is a major aspect of the plan. as much as other features yet. the new sewers and release it into the envi-
Part of this initiative includes DEP’s Rain Barrel In addition, DEP implements public ronment, ultimately welcoming more diverse
Giveaway Program, which began in 2008. In one right-of-way (ROW) GI, such as rain gardens. wildlife in these spaces.
© 2019 Berry Global, Inc.
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12 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019Unfortunately, an expansive GI program to these projects, strengthening public-private difficult to predict. While the plan itself is
like DEP’s means maintenance is in high partnerships in the process. commendable, NYC may find that different
demand during warmer months. Sediment design procedures may operate more effec-
build up may need to be removed, grass Climate Change tively in the years to come.
may need to be mowed, and vegetation With larger and more frequent storms an NYC’s cloudburst management plan may
may need upkeep. Although, according to imminent threat for an urban coastal envi- be the effective option they need. Cloudburst
Eric Rosenberg, Ph.D., associate for Hazen ronment like NYC, a proactive approach is management is an aspect of NYC’s program
& Sawyer, a program similar to “adopt a necessary to mitigate flooding. NYC developed for modifying GI to manage storm water above
highway”—“adopt a Bluebelt”—is involving the Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines to the 5-year storm, which is what the city’s storm
communities in maintaining the bluebelts. provide recommendations to incorporate cli- water system is designed for, said Rosenberg.
The DEP reached out to the three largest mate change data in the city's capital projects, Cloudburst management intends to use open,
landowners in NYC when developing its GI Rosenberg said. The plan addresses how cli- dry-weather recreational spaces, such as parks
plan—the parks, the schools and the public mate change will affect NYC and how certain and baseball fields, for storm water manage-
housing authority. Then, they reached out to design and construction can be changed to ment during intense rain events. It maximizes
smaller landowners, such as fire departments respond to the changing climate. the space available in a congested urban envi-
and public libraries. These partnerships cre- For storm water, it addresses changes ronment by converting them to drainage basins,
ated hundreds of GI projects across the city, in drainage and design for onsite storm for example. The city developed two pilots to
but the real work is on private property. DEP water management systems. In addition, it test how this concept will perform in NYC.
started a grant program to incentivize GI on addresses how sea level rise will affect flood NYC’s list of initiatives is long. It juggles
private properties at the point of design. risk for NYC, as well as potential floodplain short- and long-term priorities to continually
So far, DEP has successfully secured 35 proj- change. This in-depth and comprehensive provide quality storm water management
ects under this program, with another 15 in plan helps prepare the city for weather-related resources. And while it is not perfect, it man-
progress. In order to successfully roll out this threats. After Hurricane Sandy devastated the ages a lot of programs for a large city.
program, DEP tapped into community-based city in 2012, it hopes to proactively prevent
organizations, which have more relationships another impact of that scale. Lauren Baltas is managing editor
with private landowners in the boroughs. The Even with an expansive climate change of SWS. Baltas can be reached at
DEP has committed more than $14.5 million plan, the exact effects of climate change are lbaltas@sgcmail.com or 847.391.1019.
Write in 756Pavement | By Lauren Estes
Old Faithful,
New Pavement
Walkways at the nation’s first national park get a storm water-friendly upgrade
V
Visitors from across the world come to watch as up to maintenance and then began providing in-kind dona-
8,400 gal of boiling water shoot an average of 140 ft into tions of $125,000 worth in tires annually for the park’s
the sky roughly every 60 to 110 minutes from one of nearly 700-vehicle fleet. As the relationship between the
the nation’s most iconic landmarks: Old Faithful. With park, Yellowstone Forever and Michelin grew, the part-
more geysers than anywhere else on Earth, more than ners sought new ways to increase their collaboration and
4.1 million people visited Yellowstone National Park find more sustainable ways to use the tire donations.
in 2017 to marvel at the park’s unique water features, “It really evolved over the years and as our rela-
according to the National Park Service. tionship grew there was just a desire to do more and
However, more visitors inevitably leads to more more,” said Jeff Augustin, senior director of park
roads and walkways throughout the delicate ecosys- projects for Yellowstone Forever. “Sustainability has
tem and fewer permeable surfaces for storm water to always been a focus for Michelin but it is also a huge
infiltrate. Additionally, concrete and asphalt pathways focus for Yellowstone National Park.”
quickly fracture and erode in the freeze-thaw condi- All parties involved wanted to find a solution that
tions of the park, threatening the careful microbial bal- would make the tire donations “not cradle to grave,
ance of the geyser basins and hot springs. Yellowstone but cradle to cradle,” Augustin said. Michelin, whose
National Park, Michelin North America, K.B. Ind. North America offices are based in South Carolina,
(KBI) and nonprofit Yellowstone Forever have worked also wanted a way to increase awareness among its
together to find a more sustainable solution to provide own employees regarding the value of the Yellowstone
park visitors with safe walkways that protect the eco- partnership happening across the country. At the
system while also preventing thousands of tires from same time, Michelin was beginning to develop a rela-
entering the waste stream. Michelin donated tires that tionship with KBI, the manufacturer of Flexi-Pave.
have been repurposed into a permeable pavement, “We like to focus on projects that are around our
developed by KBI, to withstand the region’s harsh mission of sustainable mobility, so one of the things
Above: The weather conditions and filter storm water, all while that came to mind with them was pathways,” said
material’s design providing an ergonomic and durable walkway. Leesa Owens, director of state, local and community
relations for Michelin North America. “As we were
can absorb up
When Geysers Meet Tires exploring that project, we also had the opportunity
to 4,000 cu in. of A partnership started more than 10 years ago when to have our first project with KBI using this material
water per hour. Michelin gave the park technical guidance on tire that was recycling tires.”
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Pavement
1
1 Volunteers from Michelin
North America collaborated
with Yellowstone National
Park, Yellowstone Forever
and KBI to lay the pavement.
2 The completed pathway
filters storm water while
providing an ergonomic and 2
durable walkway.
Flexi-Pave is developed out of rubber gran- allowing the water to go back into the geyser headquartered in France, provided the fund-
ules and stone, held together by a polymer basin. We are also making a pavement that ing. Employees from Michelin, the National
binding agent. To create the material, one tire does not crack in the sheer freeze-thaw condi- Park Service and KBI all came together to
covers approximately 3 sq ft. The material’s tions that naturally exist at that level altitude install the permeable pavement.
design can absorb up to 4,000 cu in. of water and that location.” Michelin wanted to strengthen its employee
per hour, allowing storm water and snow melt However, Bagnall stressed that the mate- connection with the Yellowstone partner-
to percolate through the material. As one of rial is not designed to be in competition with ship. For the first phase of installation in 2015,
the most visited areas of Yellowstone National asphalt or concrete. Rather, it is to be used Michelin ran a random employee drawing
Park and one of the most active thermal where asphalt or concrete cannot perform. The and selected 10 employees to win a trip to
areas in which the aquifer and groundwater material allows water to sink into an aquifer Yellowstone National Park and help install the
are an integral part of the landscape, the Old at more than 3,000 gal per sq ft per hour and pavement. The company received overwhelm-
Faithful Geyser Basin was selected in 2014 as treats the water as it passes through. The mate- ingly positive feedback on the program and
the initial site to begin replacing walkways rial’s pore space, which has 23% emptiness in continued a similar drawing for subsequent
with the permeable paving material using the dynamic voids within the matrix of the phases. Many of the employees had never been
recycled tires donated by Michelin. material, naturally grows an anaerobic bacte- to the park before, Owens said. The program
“What KBI did was take all the service ria, which removes approximately 86% of dis- brought together employees from across the
vehicle tires that were used that were get- solved nitrates and dissolved orthophosphorus. county to collaborate on the project and con-
ting disposed of and we granulated the tires Collaboration was essential to make a proj- nect with Michelin’s tire recycling initiative.
and brought them back into Yellowstone to ect of this magnitude a reality. Yellowstone “It also makes them even more proud to
go into Flexi-Pave,” said Kevin Bagnall, CEO Forever acted as the conduit for Michelin work for a company that would invest in them
and founder of KBI. “We have achieved a lot and KBI to work with the park, Augustin having this experience, invest in a partner-
more than just a walking surface and actually said. Michelin Corporate Foundation, ship with the park, and then learn more about
16 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019Pavement
1 The material’s pore space naturally grows
an anaerobic bacteria, which removes
approximately 86% of dissolved nitrates and
dissolved orthophosphorus.
2 Four phases of pavement installation have been
completed, beginning in 2015.
1 2
the material and the product and see tires be whenever you are constructing or building expanding urban areas. Water is our next oil.”
recycled into a good use,” Owens said. anything inside Yellowstone. Not only do you Augustin agreed that the Yellowstone proj-
The installation process involves mixing have incredible temperature swings between ect could serve as a case study for other appli-
recycled tire chips with a binding material summer and winter, but tack on 4 million vis- cations. “I think that these public-private
before smoothing the mixture onto the path- itors a year in a thermal influenced ground or partnerships are essential in maintaining
way with a board, similar to concrete instal- base layer and it really creates a challenging Yellowstone’s ecosystem and protecting and
lation. The mixture needs to cure overnight environment to construct structures on.” preserving it for the future,” Augustin said.
before it can be walked on, but Owens recalled Despite the challenges, all parties involved When Owens visited Yellowstone National
an occasion when a bison walked across the seem optimistic about the future of the project Park in September 2018 to install the most
pathway as the crews were still working on it. and potential future phases. Michelin North recent phase of pavement, she took the oppor-
America has submitted a proposal to Michelin tunity to visit previously laid sections of the
A Winning Partnership Corporate Foundation for funding to complete project. Her view of the storm water-friendly
So far, four phases of pavement installation an additional phase of the project, though material inspires hope for future phases of the
have been completed, beginning in 2015 and this time the pavement would be located in project and perhaps a more widespread use of
continuing annually at different locations the park’s second most popular area near the permeable pavement in the future.
throughout the Old Faithful Geyser Basin. Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. Moving forward, “When you think about laying a pathway
The first covered 6,490 sq ft, the second cov- Bagnall sees potential for permeable pavement material, the word ‘beautiful’ does not come
ered 4,610 sq ft, the third covered 8,000 sq ft like he creates at KBI to become more promi- to mind,” Owens said. “I will tell you, when
and the fourth covered 14,000 sq ft, Augustin nent as urbanization increases. this is laid down it just looks so beautiful.
said. So far, the permeable pavement material “I think one of the main points here to look Part of it is the setting that it is in, but the
has performed well in the challenging ecosys- at above and beyond the Yellowstone project, material and the pathway is just very fitting
tem and received biannual maintenance. which is a phenomenal project, is the urban- for the natural landscape of Yellowstone and
“It’s performed well,” Augustin said. “You ization increase or population increase,” then the benefits on top that it is porous.”
know Yellowstone is unlike any other eco- Bagnall said. “I mean, the only thing that is
system in the world, obviously, and I think not increasing is our fresh water, so we bet- Lauren Estes is associate editor for SWS.
that provides an interesting set of challenges ter be very careful of how we conduct our Estes can be reached at lestes@sgcmail.com.
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Milliken Infrastructure Solutions, LLC, a subsidiary of Milliken & Company, is a global innovation and manufacturing leader in composite wrap and concrete repair materials.Special Section: Storage | By Allison Fore & Patrick Thomas
Storm Water Fortress
Chicago's McCook Reservoir Stage I prevents flooding in its inaugural year
I
Improving water quality in area waterways and pro- “McCook Reservoir is helping millions of people
tecting homes and businesses from flooding are the in Cook County year round,” said MWRD President
two missions of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation Kari K. Steele. “It takes on the snowmelt in the winter
District of Greater Chicago (MWRD), and the organiza- months and the heavy showers that inundate our com-
tion’s latest 3.5-billion-gal engineering accomplishment munities during warmer months. By relieving us from
achieved both. Since coming into service in December the burdens of excess water, this engineering marvel
2017, MWRD’s McCook Reservoir Stage I in Bedford is protecting our waterways from pollution and our
Park, Ill., has captured 27.2 billion gal of water from mul- homes from flooding.”
tiple storms and, combined with the adjoining tunnels
that feed into the reservoir, the entire McCook system Expanding Capacity
captured 46.1 billion gal in 2018. Without the reservoir Formally adopted by the MWRD in 1972, TARP was
and tunnels, the storm water and wastewater combina- constructed in two phases, beginning with 109 miles of
tion could have overwhelmed local sewer systems, caus- tunnels that are 150 to 300 ft below ground. The tunnels
ing combined sewer overflows (CSOs) that pollute local (Phase I) were then connected to three reservoirs (Phase
waterways and flood streets, homes and communities. II). When the Phase I tunnels came online in 2006, they
The final piece of MWRD’s Tunnel and Reservoir cut the number of CSOs in half and prevented an esti-
Plan (TARP), the McCook Reservoir will maintain the mated 85% of the CSO pollution. The first two Phase
largest footprint. The reservoir serves central Chicago II reservoirs to be completed—Thornton Composite
and 36 suburban communities, covering a 252-sq-mile Reservoir to the south and Majewski Reservoir to the
area with a population of 3.1 million people. Stage I north—have nearly eliminated CSOs in those areas. In
provides an estimated $114 million per year in flood fact, the Thornton system has captured more than 99%
reduction benefits, while also capturing untreated of the volume of CSO discharges since the Thornton
water that formerly overflowed into waterways in rainy Composite Reservoir was placed into service in 2015.
weather. After storms subside, the polluted water that When McCook Reservoir Stage II is completed by 2029,
was captured in the system is pumped to MWRD’s TARP’s final storage volume will be 17.5 billion gal.
Stickney Water Reclamation Plant (WRP), where it is The McCook Reservoir is being mined to its mas-
cleaned before being returned to the Chicago Sanitary sive dimensions by Vulcan Construction Materials
and Ship Canal. through an agreement with MWRD. Mining of Stage I
In February 2019, the MWRD and project partners at began in 2003. Vulcan mines rock and sells it through
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), who worked its existing McCook Quarry, which has been in busi-
together to complete Stage I, entered into an agreement ness for more than a century. A 2,000-ft-long convey-
on a federal funding plan to complete Stage II by 2029. ance tunnel was constructed beneath the Stevenson
This second stage of the reservoir will hold an addi- Expressway (I-55) and the Des Plaines River to connect
tional 6.5 billion gal, for a total of 10 billion gal of stor- the reservoir site with the existing McCook Quarry and
Above: The McCook
age, large enough to fill 200 million rain barrels. The transport the rock. The aggregate is used in road and
Reservoir Stage I can McCook Reservoir in its entirety will be 6,400 ft long by building construction projects in the area. Prior to min-
hold 3.5 billion gal. 1,000 ft wide by 300 ft deep. ing the rock, MWRD had to find a home for more than
20 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019Write in 760
Special Section: Storage
Mining of Stage I began in 2003 and MWRD Commissioner Mariyana Spyropoulos and U.S. Sen. Dick Durbin of Illinois
came online in 2017. (center) cut the ribbon at the Stage I opening ceremony.
9.4 million cu yd of overburden and dirt exca- giant gates and valves to control the flow in and In 2018, the McCook Reservoir took on
vated from the site. As part of that work, two out of the reservoir and to and from the pump- water on 39 occasions, preventing immeasur-
man-made hills were constructed to enhance a ing station. At 31 ft high, 3 ft thick and 18 ft able flood damage costs while preventing
nearby forest preserve trail. wide, wheel gates control flow into the reservoir trash, oxygen-depleting organic material,
In addition to collecting the water, it also from the 40.5-mile Mainstream Tunnel System. suspended solids, phosphorus, nitrogen and
is necessary to retain it. Retaining walls were Finally, a solar-powered aeration system was other pollutants from entering the river system
constructed to stabilize the overburdened installed to oxygenate the water stored in the and Lake Michigan. As a result of this project
slope around the reservoir. Along the perimeter, reservoir to minimize odors. and other water quality enhancements made
thousands of holes were drilled more than 300 ft by MWRD, area residents now see the Chicago
deep into the rock, then filled in stages from the Battle Tested Area Waterway System (CAWS) as an environ-
bottom up with grout under pressure. The grout Only weeks into service, the reservoir mental, economic and social asset. Marinas,
migrated into cracks and fissures in the rock faced its first test with unseasonable rains in riverfront trails and riverside restaurants were
mass and reduced the permeability, forming a January 2018. Water rushed into the reservoir, developed; river recreation and tourism are on
grout curtain. The holes were drilled every 5 ft demonstrating a fully functioning system. the rise; and game fish have returned to the
around the reservoir’s nearly 3-mile perimeter, The initial inflow of water entering the reser- CAWS. In fact, since the launch of TARP, the
followed by a second row approximately 15 ft voir accounted for 263 million gal, but given amount of fish species has grown from 10 in
away, angled in the opposite direction to inter- the reservoir’s size, it marked only a fraction 1974 to 77 in 2019, including 60 found in the
cept and seal as many cracks as possible. The of its capacity. CAWS since 2000.
grout curtain tied into a nearly impermeable One month later, the Chicago region was hit However, TARP is not the answer for every
natural layer of shale about 325 ft below ground by a major storm. A sudden spike in the tem- flooding problem. Sewer backups may occur
to further prevent water from escaping. A perature required MWRD to capture and treat for a variety of reasons, ranging from limita-
14,450-ft-long slurry wall was installed around heavy rains mixed with snowmelt and runoff tions to conveyance of water flow in local pipes,
the perimeter of the reservoir between the two from the frozen ground. Approximately 2.77 in. the groundwater table, undersized drainage
rows of grout curtain holes, sealing a roughly of rain fell at the Stickney WRP over two days designs, drain blockages, and roof loads and
50-ft-deep layer of dirt above the rock to prevent in February 2018, and the McCook Reservoir sump pumps attached to house lines. Now, 3.1
groundwater from entering the reservoir. service area took on an estimated 12 billion million people are better protected from flood-
Because the reservoir will capture signifi- gal of water. This did not include several bil- ing caused by intense rain events.
cantly more polluted water, MWRD increased lion gallons of snowmelt that came as a result
pumping capacity at its Mainstream Pumping of 60°F weather. The TARP system captured
Allison Fore is public and intergovernmental
Station, conveying the captured water approxi- an estimated 9.2 billion gal of water, and the
mately 4.5 miles from the reservoir to the reservoir provided working relief for a 20-hour affairs officer, and Patrick Thomas is public
Stickney WRP for treatment. In order to dewa- duration. Because of the reservoir, MWRD was affairs specialist for the Metropolitan Water
ter the reservoir to the pumping station, four not forced to reverse the flow of the Chicago Reclamation District of Greater Chicago.
tunnels were constructed, spanning from a new River into Lake Michigan to prevent flooding Fore can be reached at forea@mwrd.org
underground chamber replete with a series of downtown Chicago. or 312.751.6626.
22 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019Special Section: Storage | By Jason Bailey
The underground storage
system makes use of
limited land availability.
Thinking Outside
the Big Box
A department store combines bioretention & subsurface detention basins
O
Once a sprawling 636-acre farm, the Spring out for two small restaurants. McCarthy Eng.
Ridge Corporate Center now is a beacon of also had to develop a solution for mitigating
growth in the rural landscape of Berks County, runoff from the existing corporate center.
Pa. It spurred rapid development of commer-
cial and residential properties in the area. A Dual Approach
Kohl’s department store constructed a The designers sketched a standard retail
store on the surrounding area’s last remain- lot that utilized the entire property and
ing, 10-acre location. Once the construction included the surrounding landscaping, a
was approved, Kohl’s faced an issue. As the parking lot and the store itself. The engineers
complex grew and the design strayed from the decided to incorporate aboveground storm
original plan, it required the installation of a water facilities with underground detention
detention basin to handle the site’s runoff. to meet NPDES requirements.
With a timeline of less than two years and The process began by directing a portion of
regulatory storm water management require- the runoff from the existing site to a neighbor-
ments to meet, McCarthy Eng. of Reading, Pa., ing basin capable of handling additional drain-
was tasked with developing a plan for building age. With this reduced existing requirement
a big-box store on a plot of land originally laid and a new site remaining, the team began to
24 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019Write in 762
Special Section: Storage
look for a product that would provide the necessary treatment, then again discharged to the existing
storage without exceeding the project’s budget. infrastructure. Finally, to handle the portion of the
Brentwood’s StormTank is a lightweight, poly- new site that drained away from these bioretention
meric, subsurface storm water storage structure. basins and towards a major artery, underground
The designers used the product to mitigate the system B, which measured 120 ft long by 21 ft wide
remaining runoff that the aboveground biofiltration by 3 ft tall with approximately 7,300 cu ft of storage
basins could not handle within the tight dimen- capacity was installed separately from the other
sional constraints. site drainage networks. Combined, they provided
To meet the regulatory requirements for volume slightly less than 20,000 cu ft of storm water storage
and rate, the project took a dual-solution approach while impacting zero buildable land. The strength
to water quality and quantity, incorporating two of the storage structure’s classification allowed for
bioretention basins with two subsurface deten- the installation of the basins beneath the store’s
tion basins into the design. The first aboveground parking facilities, collecting runoff from inlets and
bioretention basin was to collect offsite runoff and rain garden parking islands.
a portion of the new construction, then treat it by
using the plant material and an underdrain system Meeting Regulatory Requirements
before discharging it through the site and to exist- The product’s design allowed for the easy
ing infrastructure. Second, a portion of the site was incorporation of an impermeable liner to prevent
directed to underground detention system A, which infiltration in this heavy hotspot of Karst geog-
was 96 ft long by 45 ft wide by 3 ft tall with approxi- raphy and sinkholes. The liners were used on all
mately 12,500 cu ft of storage capacity, before being four basins and presented a challenge to the bio-
discharged into another bioretention basin for retention facilities. These facilities typically are
IMPROVE
WATER QUALITY
WITH
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water quality BMP that utilizes trash containment devices, inclined
plate technology and baffles to capture and easily remove trash,
debris, floatables, hydrocarbons and sediment from waterways.
• Protect ponds, wetlands and underground basins
• Ideal for areas where high sediment removal and trash
capture are necessary
• Internal bypass enables online system capabilities
• Easily accessible for maintenance
• Treatment Train configuration available
Copyright © 2018 StormTrap. PAT. - http://stormtrap.com/patent/designed to allow runoff to filter through a soil
media before infiltrating into the native soils.
This process, along with nutrient uptake by the
vegetation and evapotranspiration, results in
water quality improvements. Because this proj
ect was forced to incorporate liners, the runoff
that passed through the soil needed a way to be
discharged instead of infiltrated. To accomplish
this, an underdrain system was connected to
discharge structures.
Successfully installed under the parking lot of
the Kohl's department store, the system permits
the necessary mitigation to meet regulatory needs
while also expanding usable land. This design met
the needs of the designer, owner, community and
regulatory agencies, while introducing a new resi
dent to the area's development. •
Jason Bailey, P.E., is product line manager
for StormTank. Bailey can be reached
at jason.bai/ey@brentwoodindustries.com. The system provides nearly 20,000 cu ft of storm water storage.
STORMWATER,
URBAN RUNOFF,
COMBINED SEWER
OVERFLOW (CSO)
DISCHARGES
StormTrap ®
STORMTRAP.com 1-877-867-6872Vegetation | By William Chandler
Taking Root
Restoring the native blackland prairie to Cottonmouth Creek
L
Like much of the central and southern coast of the ecoregion. Unfortunately, historical agricultural uses
U.S., Austin, Texas, is regularly exposed to powerful have resulted in deteriorated ecological conditions
storms moving inland from the Gulf or overland from throughout the Easton Park site. Environmental
the Pacific. Combined with the flat geography and assessments conducted while planning the Easton
underlying strata of silt and limestone, these meteo- Park site determined that active restoration and
rological characteristics create an environment that ongoing management practices were necessary for
responds to precipitation in a way that often is dra- the Blackland Prairie to survive.
matic, with the scarred hill country terrain serving as Both the city of Austin and Brookfield Residential
a reminder of the forces of erosion. are committed to minimizing impacts of develop-
Austin’s growth has not stopped accelerating ment on the natural environment. During initial
since the turn of the millennium. Thankfully, Austin planning discussions, the city and the developer
leadership has long known that such relentless worked together to establish special development
growth must be coupled with careful forethought conditions that would ensure that the proposed con-
as the city limits creep across previously undevel- struction activities would not jeopardize the valuable
oped terrain. Not only can storm events devastate ecoregion or storm water conveyance functions of
communities with inadequate infrastructure, but Cottonmouth Creek. Because of this coordination,
unchecked development can magnify the threats the entities agreed to the following two conditions for
posed by these storms by disrupting the equilibrium approving Easton Park’s construction: the developer
of local riparian ecosystems. would be responsible for restoring the Cottonmouth
Creek ecoregion to that of a healthy headwater
A Fragile Ecosystem Blackland Prairie, and the work in the Cottonmouth
Cottonmouth Creek is an ephemeral headwa- Creek riparian corridor would need to provide sig-
ter stream that is fundamental to relieving storm nificant, demonstrable environmental benefit to the
water from the growing number of communities in creek, riparian area and floodplain.
southeast Austin. Bound by subtly rising ranchland Starting in 2013, Brookfield Residential retained
and the slopes of the extinct Pilot Knob volcano, the services of Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam
flows collected in the Cottonmouth Creek basin Inc. (LAN), a national planning, engineering and
Above: A six-month are discharged first to Onion Creek and then the program management firm, to masterplan, design,
regimen of mechanical Colorado River. permit and construct the major water and waste-
disking and mowing, Brookfield Residential Properties Inc., the devel- water infrastructure. Initially headed by a differ-
oper, has worked to make Easton Park a reality since ent team of consultants, the Cottonmouth Creek
coupled with the the early 2000s. Easton Park is a 10,000-unit residen- restoration project had been in permitting for a
application of non- tial development in southeast Austin that borders year and a half when progress came to a stand-
selective herbicide and the Cottonmouth Creek floodplain immediately still because of design disagreements between the
upstream of its confluence with Onion Creek. Much design team and the city. To break the deadlock, in
manual removal of invasive
of the land in the Cottonmouth Creek basin is repre- mid-2017 Brookfield Residential gave the reins to
vegetation, helped restore sentative of the Texas Blackland Prairie Ecoregion, LAN’s Austin team of floodplain experts to bring
native plants. which the state considers a highly threatened the permits to fruition. LAN overhauled the design
28 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019THE NAME YOU TRUST.
THE RESULTS YOU EXPECT.
Expert Support at Every Stage.
StormTank employs a step-by-step process to complete stormwater projects
on schedule, within budget, and to our customers’ expectations. Trust our
tested and proven methodology to continually deliver the results you expect.
Write in 764Vegetation
A network of seepage berms promotes infiltration and reduces storm water erosion.
packages and diligently worked with the city Restoring a Prairie zones was proposed to establish a diverse
to rebuild their confidence in the project. The Many of the Blackland Prairie species habitat of structural and native species
city issued construction permits for the resto- require more consistent saturation than characteristic of the Blackland Prairie. The
ration work within six months of LAN taking could be maintained with the existing vegeta- vegetation zones included riparian forest (e.g.,
on the project. tion. Through years of agricultural inactiv- cedar elm, wax myrtle, etc.); wet meadow
Much like the inherent symbioses that ity and proliferation of invasive species, the (e.g., cottonwood, indigobrush, etc.); and,
support an ecosystem's equilibrium, the existing Cottonmouth Creek was overrun by upland savanna and grassland (e.g., bur oak,
city’s conditions are related and mutu- non-native grassland, such as Johnsongrass, redbud, etc.). This arrangement provided a
ally beneficial. Renewing the native head- sumpweed and Japanese brome in the upland, maximum canopy cover of approximately
water Blackland Prairie ecoregion to the while the riparian corridor was dense with 85% to facilitate herbaceous undergrowth in
Cottonmouth Creek basin provides signifi- hackberry and giant ragweed. These invasive the riparian corridor and evenly transition
cant, demonstrable environmental benefit to plants outcompete the native species for to an anticipated 15% canopy density in the
the creek’s riparian area because it is a natu- resources, creating an environment that is upland savanna and grassland.
rally sustainable ecosystem that begets creek hostile to many of the essential species of the In addition to reducing resource competi-
resilience and longevity. As such, the essence Blackland Prairie. tion imposed by invasive species, the normal
of LAN's proposed restoration involves plant- Therefore, the first step in ensuring suc- availability of water in the riparian corridor
ing species that comprise the Blackland cess of the restored headwater Blackland needed to be increased to sustain the newly
Prairie ecoregion. The restoration design Prairie ecoregion was to implement a rigorous planted vegetation. A network of seepage
improves the Cottonmouth Creek riparian sequence of invasives management and vegeta- berms was designed to provide consistent
corridor in three ways that are critical to tion treatment to cull the woody plants and and abundant water supply to sustain the
establishing a hospitable environment for the herbaceous annuals that would otherwise sti- Blackland Prairie habitats.
burgeoning ecosystem: fle the new growth. This sequence comprised a The seepage berms will promote infiltra-
• It promotes an ideal mosaic of distinct six-month regimen of mechanical disking and tion and reduce storm water erosion. A total
vegetative habitats; mowing, iterative application of non-selective of five seepage berms will receive flows from
• It increases the complexity of hydrologic herbicide, and manual removal of giant rag- storm drain outfalls as they discharge from the
connectivity in the floodplain; and weed and grubbed vegetation. residential areas to the floodplain. Each seep-
• It provides short- and long-term structural Following the vegetation treatment, seed- age berm is designed as an earthen wall with a
streambank protection. ing and planting of three primary vegetation reinforced section where overflow is expected
30 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019Vegetation
The seepage berms
promote recharge
of the groundwater
by infiltration, which
creates a riparian area
with a higher degree a
of saturation.
to occur. The seepage berms will retain storm floodplain and increase streambank resilience. scheme and location of habitat structures
water received from the subdivisions during a Large woody debris collected during res- are designed in an arrangement that more
100-year storm event. toration activities will be installed between consistently opposes flow velocity across the
By collecting and retaining precipitation, cobble riffles to further inhibit channel veloc- floodplain. Similarly, the seepage berms and
the seepage berms promote recharge of the ities. Root wads, logs and tree trunks will be cobble riffles will reduce peak rates of flow
groundwater by infiltration. This increases the partially buried in the creek channel so that discharged into and through the channel.
complexity and hydrologic connectivity of the localized scouring can deepen the channel These design elements obstruct creek flows
floodplain by creating a riparian area with a and produce pools. In combination with the to reduce streambank erosion and further
consistently higher degree of saturation that velocity restrictions imposed by the cobble support a sustainable and structurally stable
benefits the hydrophilic plant species of the riffles, these pools increase hydraulic reten- creek for years to come.
Blackland Prairie ecoregion. Additionally, by tion time through the creek. Longer hydraulic The restoration work was split into three
locating the seepage berms in the flow path of retention time in the creek directly improves contracts to minimize construction impacts
the residential storm drain outfalls, the risk of groundwater recharge by extending the to the creek. Each of the three phases of the
streambank and channel erosion due to scour opportunity for standing water to saturate work is contracted to be completed within
by overland flow is substantially reduced, the ground. Additionally, these more frequent 14 months. Such long construction windows
thereby further enhancing the structural pro- and resilient pools of water further develop are necessary to allow adequate time for
tection of the streambank. the complexity and hydraulic connectivity in effective implementation of pre-vegetation
Channel improvements, comprising cobble the floodplain by creating protected locations and invasive species management before the
riffles and natural structures, will be installed for infiltration. Blackland Prairie species are sown. Having
to provide structural protections and increase begun at the end of 2018, construction is cur-
water retention in the corridor. The primary Meeting Goals rently underway and is estimated to be com-
function of the cobble riffle arrangement is Overall, the restoration improvements will plete by the end of 2020.
to obstruct flow in the channel to facilitate substantially benefit the riparian corridor by
formation of riffle-pool sequences. Riffle- increasing frictional resistance on floodwa- William Chandler is project manager for
pool sequences impose control over channel ters. Although the existing vegetation is par- Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam Inc. Chandler
velocities to abate widespread scour in the ticularly dense in the channel, the plantings can be reached at wcchandler@laninc.com.
32 | Storm Water Solutions | March/April 2019You can also read
