Climate Active Bricks - TUM
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Technical University of Munich
TUM Department of Architecture
Tenue Track Assistant Professorship Digital Fabrication
Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Module Summer Term 2020
Basics of Robotic Fabrication
Adaptive Building Envelopes
Climate Active Bricks
Technical University of Munich
TUM Department of Architecture
Tenue Track Assistant Professorship
Digital Fabrication
Associate Professorship of Architectural
Design and Building Envelope
Chair of Building Technology and
Climate Responsive Design
Climate Active Bricks
Module Summer Term 2020
Basics of Robotic Fabrication 6 ECTS
Adaptive Building Envelopes 6 ECTS
Kick Off
23.04.2020 | 09:45h | on Zoom
Thursday Jour Fixe
session 1 09:45h - 12.00h
session 2 13:15h - 16:30h
Submission/Examination Dates
Project Presentation 1 14.05.2020
Submission Expose Text 28.05.2020
Project Presentation 2 18.06.2020
Project Presentation 3 02.07.2020
Final Presentation 23.07.2020
TT Professorship Digital Fabrication
www.ar.tum.de/df/
Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Kathrin Dörfler
doerfler@tum.de
Dipl.-Ing. Julia Fleckenstein
julia.fleckenstein@tum.de
Associate Professorship of Architectural
Design and Building Envelope
www.ar.tum.de/hk
Dr.-Ing. Philipp Molter
philipp.molter@tum.de
Chair of Building Technology and Climate
Responsive Design
https://www.ar.tum.de/klima/startseite/
Image: Museum Yves Saint Laurent - Marrakech M.Sc. Ata Chokhachian
Photo: Dan Glasser - Studio KO ata.chokhachian@tum.de
07 introduction
11 context
13 preface
19 the module
29 imprint
5
introduction
Building Envelopes and
Impact on Microclimate
In the last centuries, history of hu- in construction. Due to its close rela- optical performance of façade and
man settlement was very much re- tion to common construction practi- pavement materials on microclima-
lated to the use of brick as a key ce, digital fabrication allows for te of cities. The issue is important
element for shelter as structure of the control of the micro and macro due to urban heat island phenome-
architectural space (Serena, 2012). structure of a building component, na described as temperature diffe-
Since the very beginning of human per-formance optimization through rences between downtown and su-
settlement, sun dried mud and la- the design of the cross section (Bon- burbs. Due to decreased sky view
ter burned bricks made out of clay wetsch, Kobel, Gramazio, & Kohler, factor in urban canyons as function
have been used to build shelter and 2006). Therefore, this technology is of compactness and increased den-
buildings all over the globe. The wi- supposed to increase the spread of sity of cities, the trapped heat and
dely use of mud-bricks as a key brick construction in architectural solar radiation keeps surface tem-
element in prehistoric architecture context. However, since the 1980s, peratures high even during night
and the following centuries is rela- energy regulations have pushed the time. As consequence, the buildings
ted to its modular and highly flexi- innovation of bricks towards better that are dependent on night time
ble use and adaptability to various U-values especially in northern and cooling can-not recover and they
applications allowing for a high de- central Europe. Thus, the latest de- cause significant health issues. The
gree of design freedom and struc- velopments have been pushed to- summer of 2003 could be relevant
tural performance (Oates, 1990). wards insulating bricks since they instance in Europe for the extreme
According to statistics in 1990, ap- incorporate both the structural and heat wave that caused 15000 addi-
proximately 30% of the world’s po- the thermal functions of the buil- tional deaths in France (Ata Chok-
pulation lived in earthen brick made ding envelope (Wernery et al., 2017). hachian, Santucci, & Auer, 2017).
structures (Coffman, Agnewl, Aus- The work of this research focuses
tin, & Doehnel, 1990). In the last ye- on the potentials of brick as a clima- The phenomena of urbanization and
ars brick architecture has experi- te active material improving urban industrialization concerning its effect
enced a revival and will grow even (thermal) comfort conditions. Re- on environmental change has been
further. As said by Compound Annu- search and practice has already pro- known and studied for many centu-
al Growth Rate, (CAGR) for the brick ved that brick is one of well perfor- ries all over the world. Addressing
product segment the estima-tion is ming material for climate control due the topic of environmental change,
to raise 3.5% during 2017-2027 and to its high thermal capacity and ther- we need to refer to relevant metrics
it is anticipated to dominate over mal mass effect (Al-Sanea, Zedan, depending on the context and sca-
the forecast period (TMRGL, 2017). & Al-Hussain, 2012, 2013) neverthel- le. Urban Heat Island effect (UHI) is
The mentioned advantages of brick ess energy regulations have limited one of the widely investigated phe-
construction are also subject of the innovation of bricks towards bet- nomena to measure the effect of ur-
Diagram: Self shading brick patterns further research in digital fabrication ter thermal performance only. The- banization and built environment on
Image: Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope - Sánchez, Aaron; Con- with robots enabling ar-chitects to re have been various studies per- the climate of cities. It is one of the
treras, Andrea; Palacios, Sebastian; Bernabéu, Jaume; Sánchez, Beatriz; González, Eva directly control complex geometries formed to understand thermal and most common manifestations on
7
introduction
References https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.09.017 org/10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00095-5
urban climate studies and since its the peak electricity load for cooling passive microclimatic converter and Han, R., Xu, Z., & Qing, Y. (2017). Study of Schmandt-Besserat, D. (2015). The Beginnings
advent by Luke Howard (1818), it is purposes may be tripled especially the results show that the wall sur- Akbari, H., Pomerantz, M., & Taha, H.
Passive Evaporative Cooling Technique of the Use of Clay in Turkey. Anatolian
on Water-retaining Roof Brick. Procedia Studies, 27, 133-150. doi: 10.2307/3642659
still the topic of researchers in dif- for higher set point temperatures, face temperature are averagely lo- (2001). Cool surfaces and shade trees Engineering, 180, 986-992. doi: https://
to reduce energy use and improve air Serena, L. (2012). The Geoarchaeology
ferent regions of the world. UHI by while the minimum COP value of air wer than ambient air temperature by quality in urban areas. Solar Energy,
doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.258 of Mudbricks in Architecture: A
He, J., & Liu, K. Q. (2012). Numerical Analysis Methodological Study from Çatalhöyük,
definition is known as higher tem- conditioners may be decreased up 5 °C over day time (He & Liu, 2012). 70(3), 295-310. doi: https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00089-X of Passive Microclimatic-Modifying Effects of Turkey. Geoarchaeology, 27(2), 140-
peratures or heat content stored in to 25% because of the higher am- Addressing the wide spread of a Moist Void-Brick Wall. Applied Mechanics 156. doi: doi:10.1002/gea.21401
Al-Sanea, S. A., Zedan, M. F., & Al-Hussain, and Materials, 193-194, 1156-1164. doi:
urban areas caused due to the an- bient temperatures (Mofidi & Akba- brick buildings as well as the men- S. N. (2012). Effect of thermal mass on 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.193-194.1156
Stevanović, M. (1997). The Age of
performance of insulated building walls and Clay: The Social Dynamics of House
thropogenic heat released from ve- ri, 2017; Santamouris et al., 2001). tioned problems with urban heat Howard, L. (1818). The Climate of Destruction. Journal of Anthropological
the concept of energy savings potential.
hicles, power plants, air conditio- There has been several approa- island and outdoor comfort, this Applied Energy, 89(1), 430-442. doi: https:// London: deduced from Meteorological Archaeology, 16(4), 334-395. doi: https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.009 observations, made at different places in doi.org/10.1006/jaar.1997.0310
ners and other heat sources, and ches toward UHI mitigation by de- paper proposes an architectural in- the neighbourhood of the metropolis: W. TMRGL. (2017). Concrete Block and Brick
Al-Sanea, S. A., Zedan, M. F., & Al-Hussain, Phillips, sold also by J. and A. Arch.
due to the heat stored and re-radi- signing proportional aspect ra- vestigation on innovative approa- S. N. (2013). Effect of masonry material Manufacturing Market (Product Type -
and surface absorptivity on critical thermal Jandaghian, Z., & Akbari, H. (2018). The Concrete Block (Hollow, Cellular, and
ated by massive and complex ur- tio for street canyons which allows ches on the potentials of irrigated effects of increasing surface reflectivity on Fully solid), Brick (Clay, Sand lime, and
mass in insulated building walls. Applied
ban structures which leads to de- enough sky exposure for night time solid bricks as a component for cli- Energy, 102, 1063-1070. doi: https://doi. heat-related mortality in Greater Montreal Fly ash clay), and ACC Block - Global
org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.016 Area, Canada. Urban Climate, 25, 135-151. doi: Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth,
terioration of living environment cooling or choosing proper materi- mate adaptive facades. It is under- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.06.002 Trends, and Forecast 2017 - 2027 (pp.
Bonswetch, T., Kobel, D., Gramazio, F., &
and increase in energy consump- als for building envelopes de-pen- stood that the focus on this research Kohler, M. (2006). The informed wall: applying Künzel, H. M. (1994). Verfahren zur ein- 174): Transparency Market Research.
und zweidimensionalen Berechnung des Uğurlu, E., & Böke, H. (2009). The use of
tions (Rizwan, Dennis, & Liu, 2008). ding on context and orientation of is clearly an investigation as an ar- additive digital fabrication techniques on
architecture. Paper presented at the 25th gekoppelten Wärme- und Feuchtetransports brick–lime plasters and their relevance
As an example, Analysis of tempe- each façade. Studies show that chitectural approach rather than Annual Conference of the Association for in Bauteilen mit einfachen Kennwerten. 42. to climatic conditions of historic bath
Computer-Aided Design in Architecture. buildings. Construction and Building
rature trends for the last 100 years brick facades with low reflectivity an emphasis on building physics. Lengsfeld, K., & Holm, A. (2007). Entwicklung
Materials, 23(6), 2442-2450. doi: https://doi.
Cauvin, J. (2000). The Birth of the und Validierung einer hygrothermischen
in several large U.S. cities indicate in compar-ison with heavily insula- Gods and the Origins of Agriculture: Raumklima-Simulationssoftware org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.10.005
that, since 1940, temperatures in ur- ted envelopes can decrease extre- Cambridge University Press. WUFI®-Plus. Bauphysik, 29(3), 178- Wernery, J., Ben-Ishai, A., Binder, B.,
186. doi: doi:10.1002/bapi.200710025 & Brunner, S. (2017). Aerobrick — An
ban areas have increased by about me heat stress for pedestrians by Chokhachian, A., Perini, K., Dong,
Mofidi, F., & Akbari, H. (2017). Personalized aerogel-filled insulating brick. Energy
S., & Auer, T. (2017). How Material Procedia, 134, 490-498. doi: https://doi.
0.5 - 3.0 °C. Typically, electricity de- 26% during the day time (Ata Chok- Performance of Building Façade Affect energy costs and productivity
optimization in offices. Energy and org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.607
mand in cities increases by 2 - 4 % hachian, Perini, Dong, & Auer, 2017). Urban Microclimate. Paper presented at
the Powerskin 2017, Munich, Germany. Buildings, 143, 173-190. doi: https://doi.
for each 1 °C increase in tempera- Additionally, there has been sever- Chokhachian, A., Santucci, D., & Auer, T.
org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.018
ture. Hence, we estimate that 5 - al studies about evaporative cooling (2017). A Human-Centered Approach to Oates, D. (1990). Innovations in mud-
Enhance Urban Resilience, Implications and brick: Decorative and structural
10 % of the current urban electrici- potential of building envelopes whe- Application to Improve Outdoor Comfort in techniques in ancient Mesopotamia.
World Archaeology, 21(3), 388-406. doi:
ty demand is spent to cool buildings re Han, Xu, and Qing (2017) explo- Dense Urban Spaces. Buildings, 7(4), 113.
10.1080/00438243.1990.9980115
just to compensate for the increa- red the effect of two passive coo- Coffman, R., Agnewl, N., Austin, G., &
Doehnel, E. (1990). ADOBE MINERALOGY: Rizwan, A. M., Dennis, L. Y. C., & Liu,
sed 0.5 - 3.0 °C in urban tempera- ling systems, water-retaining bricks Characterization of Adobes from around C. (2008). A review on the generation,
the world. Paper presented at the 6th determination and mitigation of Urban
tures (Akbari, Pomerantz, & Taha, on roof and radiation shield on roof International Conference on the Conservation Heat Island. Journal of Environmental
2001; Jandaghian & Akbari, 2018). It concluding that the maximum coo- of Earthen Architecture: Adobe 90. Sciences, 20(1), 120-128. doi: https://doi.
org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)60019-4
is found that for the city of Athens, ling capabil-ity can be achieved Friesem, D. E., Karkanas, P., Tsartsidou,
G., & Shahack-Gross, R. (2014). Santamouris, M., Papanikolaou, N., Livada,
where the mean heat island intensi- through on-roof water-retaining Sedimentary processes involved in I., Koronakis, I., Georgakis, C., Argiriou,
mud brick degradation in temperate A., & Assimakopoulos, D. N. (2001).
ty exceeds 10 °C, the cooling load bricks. Another study explores the On the impact of urban climate on the
environments: a micromorphological
of urban buildings may be doubled, effects of a Moist Void-brick wall as approach in an ethnoarchaeological energy consumption of buildings. Solar
context in northern Greece. Journal of Energy, 70(3), 201-216. doi: https://doi.
Archaeological Science, 41, 556-567. doi:
9
context
One of the main aspects of life is the de precise regulation of glare, illu- Thermal radiation has a ma-
dynamics of its elements. Climate minance, brightness, luminous flux. jor influence on the heat ba-
conditions, behaviors and comfort. lance of humans.
Acoustic Comfort is achieved when
The ‘comfort’ depends on perso- spaces provide appropriate acousti- Fresh Air Supply: besides human
nal perceptions and also on tem- cal support for interaction, confiden- emissions of CO2 and humidity, ga-
porarily changing feelings of an in- tiality, and concentrative work and ses, odours, biological impurities
dividual user. It mainly consists habitation by regulating noise levels, that transmit diseases, aerosols and
of four comfort parameters: sound absorption, sound attenua- dust require sufficient amount of ap-
tion, sound insulation and reverbe- proximately one volume exchange
• visual comfort ration time. The building envelope per hour of an internal space. This
• thermal comfort provides mostly high sound insula- is a significant energy consuming
• acoustic comfort tion from exterior to the interior of a part of a building. And since recent
• supply of fresh air building by using sound absorbing buildings tend to become more and
surface towards interior spaces. more airtight, an autonomous de-
Those four comfort parame- centralized ventilation system pro-
ters are essential for human well- Thermal Comfort: Thermal com- viding fresh air supply is the fo-
being and human health. fort is very much related to the air cus of various researchers working
temperature as well surface tem- on adaptive building envelopes.
Visual Comfort: The visual com- perature of our human body. It is However, the regulation of the
fort defines the conditions of the hu- further depending on physical ac- above mentioned comfort pa-
man environment in terms of ligh- tivity, age, gender, surface tempe- rameters has been underesti-
ting levels, glare, light distribution ratures, humidity, air speed and in- mated in the last decades.
and light color. For the users the sulation between human body and
main aspects of visual comfort are: surrounding space. Most of these At the same time the building en-
- the comfort of human beings that parameters are significantly driven velope has not only an impact on
provides the feeling of well-being by the performance of the building its internal spaces but has also a
- the performance which enables envelope by Sun shading devices, major impact on its exterior envi-
working people to manage visu- thermal insulation materials, radia- ronment: The façade (of lat .: fa-
''Operative temperature'' DIN 7730 (perceived temperature): human beings are not only sensitive al tasks even under difficult circum- tion reflecting or absorbing mate- cies:. Face) shapes the external
to the dry air-bulb temperature but also the air relative humidity, the mean radiant temperature, stances over a long time period. rials. (ASHRAE Stan-dard 1981) appearance of a building and ge-
the air velocity and the personal clothing and activity level. However, adequate supply of day- Thermal comfort in rooms de- nerates the expression of the es-
light is a very important component pends partly upon radiati- sence of an edifice and determi-
Diagram: Comfort temperatures and operative temperatures in an office with different heating methods. for human health and therefore the ve exchange between occup- nes outside comfort conditions.
Image: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290869207_Comfort_temperatures_and_operati- building envelope needs to provi- ants and their surroundings.
ve_temperatures_in_an_office_with_different_heating_methods [accessed Feb 26 2020].
11
preface
- Basics of Robotic Fabrication
Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Kathrin Dörfler The Tenure Track (TT) Professorship Department of Architecture and af-
Digital Fabrication is a newly found- filiated with the Department of Civil,
ed research group dedicated to the Geo and Environmental Engineering.
research and teaching of computa-
tional design and digital fabrication Seminars of the TT Assistant Pro-
processes in architecture. Currently, fessorship Digital Fabrication de-
the team of the Professorship con- velop in relation to a task-specific
sists of four research and teaching scenario and a constructively moti-
associates with different professi- vated question regarding Architec-
onal backgrounds. The research ture and Digital Fabrication. The
group’s goal in teaching is to engage analysis of the task and technolo-
students in interdisciplinary thinking, gical boundary conditions are as
merging the fields of architectu- much the content of the design pro-
ral design, engineering, and cons- jects as the research of reference
truction, and to explore how com- projects, the literature on the state
putational design and new robotic of science and analysis on the topic,
fabrication technologies can lead and the development of a structu-
to more efficient building construc- ral and spatial concept, materiali-
tion and reduce the use of resour- ty, and architectural language. The
ces. Parametric and algorithmic de- focus is on the conception and ela-
sign strategies provide a platform for boration of an architectural design,
exploration into the integrative use which is developed on the basis of
of computational processes in ar- concrete, exemplary studies and the
chitectural design, with a particular further implemen-tation of prototy-
focus on integrative methods for the pes on a model scale and exemp-
generation, simulation and evalua- larily on a 1: 1 scale. Depending on
tion of highly performative material the topic, the project may also have
and building systems. With the use an interdisciplinary character and
of mixed reality tools, the research deal with topic-related contents of
group also explores the idea of a hy- adjacent disciplines. The developed
brid, dually augmented human-ro- interdisciplinary topics are incor-
bot workforce aiming towards a ful- porated into the project investiga-
Image: UR Robot Setup of the Augmented Fabrication Lab ly integrated digital building culture. tions and support the design theses.
Photo: TT Professorship Digital Fabrication The TT Professorship is based at the
13
preface
- Adaptive Building Envelopes
Dr. - Ing. Philipp Lionel Molter The Associate Professorship of
Architectural Design and Building
Envelope is part of the TUM De-
partment of Architecture. It's in-
terdisciplinary design approach
in teaching and research:
The focus area 'Experimental' in-
vestigates in architectural designs
in the context of Additive Manufac-
turing focussing on 'functional ge-
ometries' for the building envelopes.
The aim is to use advantages of dig-
ital fabrication and complex geom-
etries in order to augment indoor
and outdoor comfort and energy ef-
ficiency of buildings by reducing
technical devices in the same time.
The focus area 'adaptation' re-
searches in the ability of building en-
velopes to respond to exterior cli-
mate conditions. Just as our natural
environment is in a constant pro-
cess of adaptive change, architec-
ture can adapt to climatic require-
ments. With nature as the model,
the Associate Professorship of Ar-
chitectural Design and Buildung
Envelope developed building en-
velopes which, analogous to natu-
ral envelope systems, considered
Diagram: Impact of materiality on urban micro climate either diurnally or annually, be-
Image: Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope have adaptively and responsively.
15
preface
- Simulation of Thermal Comfort
M. Sc. Ata Chokhachian The Chair for Building Technology The chair contributes through prac-
and Climate Responsive Design is tice oriented research with two
part of the Department of Architec- main focus areas: “Environmen-
ture. Its core focus in teaching and tal Quality” and “Energy Man-
research is a holistic design ap- agement” tries to bring new
proach for buildings in considera- insights in the holistic design ap-
tion of the sustainability goals of the proach for buildings and cities.
European Union (EU). A 90% reduc- Through this module we will ex-
tion of CO2 emissions in the building plore environmental modeling tools
sector compared to 1990 is the main to quantify local impacts of brick
goal of the EU carbon roadmap. walls. We will use computation-
The implementation of the car- al simulations to provide optimized
bon roadmap will have major im- alternatives for robotically manu-
pact on the built environment. The facturing of brick elements. These
necessary transformation process tools will support us in the pro-
goes hand in hand with the ongo- cess of design and decision mak-
ing transformation in the wake of cli- ing to understand the microcli-
mate change and urbanization. In matic impacts on human scale.
research the chair is dealing with
transformations of the built environ-
ment and develops a holistic design
approach hand in hand with archi-
tects, engineers and urban planners.
In the past, energy efficiency was
primarily driven by technology. At
the moment, however, there is a re-
thinking of more holistic concepts
that increasingly incorporate the ur-
ban and regional scale. The overall
objective of this approach is to cre-
ate maximum comfort in the interior
as well as in the exterior of the built
Thermal simulation of Chicago, IL. environment while minimizing the
Image: Dustin Phillip, 2019 use of resources at the same time.
17the module
Thursday Session 1 - BE 9.45h - 12.00h
Jour Fixe Session 2 - DF 13.15h - 16.30h
23.04.2020 09.45h Kick Off and Introduction Lectures BE & DF
13.15h Assignment of the Research Topic
30.04.2020 no Session Field Trip Slot (for Design Studios) Module Objective
07.05.2020 09.45h Session BE -Lecture “Performative Envelopes”
The module Climate Active Bricks
13.15h Session DF: Getting Started with Python
will examine the microclimate effects
of differentiated geometries
14.05.2020 09.45h Project Presentation 1 (Research Idea) of brick structures. Through this
13.15h Session DF: Datastructures and Geometry course, we will explore environmen-
tal modeling tools to quantify local
climatic impacts of brick walls onto
28.05.2020 09.45h All-Day Design Workshop with Deskcrit their immediate surrounding. We will
Submission of the Research Exposé use simulation data to support us in
the process of design and decision
04.06.2020 09.45h Session BE: Lecture “Simulation of Thermal making for spatial brick structures
Comfort” by Ata Chokhachian
Research-by-Design Phase
with the aim to improve human com-
13.15h Design Research Workshop with Deskcrit
fort. Finally, we will use robots for
18.06.2020 9.45h Project Presentation 2 (Design Concept) the fabrication of intricate designs.
13.15h Session DF: Datastructures for Robotic Fabrication
25.06.2020 9.45h Design Workshop with Deskcrit
Phase 1
13.15h Session DF: Robotic Fabrication Basics
Module Structure
The module consists of
two main phases
02.07.2020 9.45h Project Presentation 3 (Design Completed)
13.15h Session DF: Fabrication Workshop
Phase 1 —
09.07.2020 9.45h All-day Fabrication Workshop Research-by-Design Phase
Developing a Research Topic
Production Phase
16.07.2020 9.45h All-day Fabrication Workshop Working on a Design Task
Exploring digital Design Tools
23.07.2020 9.45h Final Presentation (Fabrication Completed)
Phase 2
Phase 2 — Production Phase
28.07.2020 Submission of Project Documentation Fabrication of selected
demonstrator objects
Image: Brick Pattern House by Alireza Mashhadimirza
Photo: Alireza Mashhadimirza
19the module
Phase 1 — Design Brief:
Research-by-Design Phase
Working on a design task Our objective for this semester's
Developing a research topic module is to design and develop
Exploring digital design tools a spatial urban microclimate
intervention (walk-in structure)
for central Munich made out of
bricks. We imagine such a struc-
ture to become a space for explo-
ration for your research on urban
microclimate effects with a special
focus on:
• issues of thermal comfort
(urban heating/cooling islands)
• enhanced microclimate by
various methods
(e.g., self-shading by geome-
try, evaporation cooling, etc.)
• digital modeling,
simulation, optimization,
and assembly techniques
Graphic: Climate-Active Furniture
Image: Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope -
Bareiss, Philippe; Bavshi, Harsh; Narayan, Keshav; Panchal, Himadri, Spiessens, Mathias
21the module
Research Exposé Structure It determines where and what Expected Results Phase 1 — Developing a Research Topic Writing a Research Exposé
kind of research the writer will Describe expected research Research-by-Design Phase
Introduction be looking for. It guides findings and what you want to Working on a design task Your scientific investigation Your research exposé in the form of
Background and motivation: information to be collected. verify/achieve. Be precise in Developing a research topic should focus on strategies for a presentation and text submission
Introduction to the topic being regard to what you want to test Exploring digital design tools augmenting the performances will describe your design proposal
studied and the importance of it Research and Design Objective digitally as well as physically: of your urban intervention and associated research topic.
(e.g. aspects of societal relevance: Identification of research gap/ by responding to the surrounding For this use please the templates
economic growth, demographic de- problem statement, and spe- • Restate your thesis climate conditions. In order we provide you on Moodle.
velopment, environmental impact, cification of research and de- • Summarize your main findings to develop your design pro-
etc.). A clear and concise summa- sign question and goals: • Answer the research questions posal an in-depth research We encourage you to sign up for
ry of the whole research objectives. could be accomplished in one the Climate Active Bricks Group
Narrows down the focus. Guides in- References of the following topics: on Mendeley for collaboration,
State of the Art formation to be collected. Facilita- Your literature sources exchange and development of
A short description of relevant re- tes development of methodology. • Urban heat island effect our literature pool collection.
search in the field that provi- Can break down a broad objective • Urban microclimate effects
des context to your own work: into small logically connected parts. • Outdoor comfort in urban areas
Statement about an area of con- Is related to the problem of a study. • (Digital) brick design
cern, a condition to be improved • Robotic brickwork
upon, a difficulty to be eliminated. Method • Self-shading geomet-
Places the problem into a parti- A concise description of how you ries in (brick) facades
cular context. Does not state how will conduct the research project. • Irrigated facade systems
to do something, nor does it of- Which material, tools, loca- • Evapotranspiration
fer a vague or broad proposition tion, effect will you apply? • Autoreactive Systems
or present a value question Impor- • etc.
tance: When understanding the na- • Selection of procedures
ture of the problem, one is bet- and research instruments
ter able to develop a solution. • Method for data
collection and analysis Image:
Courant D'Air by Océane Romanet
23the module
Phase 1 — Exploring Digital Design Tools The intended learning outcomes
Research-by-Design Phase include:
Working on a design task Based on your designs you will learn • to understand the theoretical
Developing a research topic the principles of parametric and background of basic data
Exploring digital design tools algorithmic design with the Rhino structures,
and Grasshopper software and the • apply the basic principles of
Python programming language. algorithmic design,
• implement basic versions of
To help you evaluating your designs prevalent algorithms related
we will explore environmental to architectural geometry and
modeling tools to quantify local robotic fabrication,
climatic impacts of brick walls onto • use common CAD tools as
their immediate surrounding. We will interfaces to self-implemented
use simulation data to support us in solutions, and
the process of design and decision • understand the scope and
making for spatial brick structures relevance of computational
with the aim to improve human methods for architectural
comfort. We will also use robotic research and practice.
fabrication simulation tools to verify
the fabricability of your designs.
Simulation: Environmental Analysis and Optimization using Ladybug Tool
Image: Ata Chokhachian
25the module
Phase 2 — Fabrication of selected
Production Phase demonstrator objects
Fabrication of selected
demonstrator objects In the center of phase 2 is the
practical realisation of selected
design proposals by using industrial
robot arms to assemble the brick
structures. By this we will explore
their inherent process-distinct
materiality, architectural expression
and microclimate effects at a 1 to 1
scale.
Illustration: Robot setup for the practical experimentation with concepts of robotic fabrication in architecture
Image: TT Professorship Digital Fabrication
27imprint
Module Organisation Text and Concept TUM Department of Architecture
© 2020 TUM Technical University of Munich - All Rights Reserved Technical University of Munich
Online Tools
Webinars
• via Zoom TT Professorship Digital Fabrication
Module Material
• Moodle Associate Professorship of
• Github Architectural Design and Building
• Mendeley Envelope
File Submission
• Moodle Chair of Building Technology and
• Google Drive Climate Responsive Design
Module Requirements
Arcisstraße 21
Operating System 80333 Munich I Germany
• Windows 10 Pro
(freely available for all
TUM students)
Commercial Software
• Rhinoceros 3D 6.0
(test version is free for 90 days)
29Climate Active Bricks
TUM Department of Architecture
Technical University of Munich
Tenue Track Assistant Professorship Digital Fabrication
Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive DesignYou can also read
