CIRCULAR ECONOMY -CALL TO ACTION - COMMENT MAXIMISER LES MATIÈRES PREMIÈRESDANS L'ÉCONOMIE CIRCULAIRE ? - Feb
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C I R C U L A R E C O N O M Y – C A L L TO A C T I O N C O M M E N T M A X I M I S E R L E S M AT I È R E S P R E M I È R E S D A N S L’ É C O N O M I E C I R C U L A I R E ? H O E G R O N D S TO F F E N M A X I M A L I S E R E N I N EEN CIRCULAIRE ECONOMIE? Guestspeakers: Prof. Johan Yans & Karen De Boeck
V E RW E L K O M I N G & INTRODUCTIE Pieter Timmermans CEO VBO FEB
Enkele afspraken Marche à suivre ➢ Gelieve uw microfoon uit te ➢ Veuillez éteindre votre micro ; schakelen; ➢ Des conversations peuvent avoir ➢ Conversaties kunnen lieu via la fonctionnalité chat ; plaatsvinden via de ➢ Le modérateur/La modératrice chatfunctie; sélectionnera les questions pour ➢ Vragen aan de spreker of l’orateur/oratrice ; organisatoren moeten in de ➢ Les questions à Questions-tool worden gesteld; l’orateur/oratrice ou aux ➢ De moderator zal de vragen organisateurs doivent être posées voor de spreker(s) selecteren; via le Questions-tool ; ➢ Indien we uw vraag niet ➢ Si nous n’avons pas pu traiter hebben kunnen beantwoorden votre question lors du webinaire, tijdens het webinar stellen we nous proposons de vous répondre voor om die nadien per e-mail ultérieurement par e-mail. te beantwoorden.
Keynote speakers of the day
KEYNOTE SPEAKER KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Prof. Johan Yans Karen De Boeck
Département Géologie et Maître Non Ferrous & Energy from
de Conférences à l'ULB et l'ULG Waste Supply Manager, SUEZ
Prof. Johan Yans
Directeur Département de Géologie
UNamur
Augmenter l’exploitation de ressources minérales en Belgique pour
répondre aux besoins croissants : une idée à creuser ?
Geological resources
Homo sapiens Foundations of the society
geological resources ores ↔↔techniques ↔ products
minerais techniques ↔ produits
- Paleolithic, Neolithic (Ages of stone)
- Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age
- Industrial revolution - age of base metals and fossil fuels
AGRICOLA (Georg Bauer), De re metallica, 1556.
Produce
IN THE PAST Until XXth: close to the markets (partly/mainly in Europe)
baryte
phosphates
Zn-Pb
coal Fe - 3.000 occurrences
http://arbannig.blogspot.be/2012_10_28_archive.htm
Geological resources
Homo sapiens Foundations of the society
geological resources ores ↔↔techniques ↔ products
minerais techniques ↔ produits
- Paleolithic, Neolithic (Ages of stone)
- Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age
- Industrial revolution - age of base metals and fossil fuels
TRANSITION
- Age of the electron - Diversification / Increase mining
elements – minerals – rocks
AGRICOLA (Georg Bauer), De re metallica, 1556.
High-Tech
Rare Earth Elements – REE
- iPods: Dy, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, ……
- optic fiber: Er, Eu, Tb, Y, ……
- smartphone: Cu, Au, Ta, Co, Li, In, …
Green Technologies
Rare Earth Elements – REE
wind turbine: Nd, Dy, Pr, Tb, Ag, …
- photovoltaic cell: In, Ga, Cu, Ag (+ Si)
- hybrid vehicle: Dy, La, Nd, Pr, Tb, Co, Li, …
- energy saving bulb: Tb, Y, …
- catalytic converter: Ce, …Kleijn et al., 2011
1 kWh Wind/Photovoltaic Energy
20-50x >> Cu
METALS
90x >>> Al
15x > concrete
NON METAL
50x >> glass
(5-18% annual increase)
than coal-fired power plant
Vidal et al. (2013)Raw materials - glass
CaCO3
Silice en grain Natron Na2CO3.10H2O (calcaire)
SiO2
Silice en roche
SiO2 + argiles NaCl (halite ou
formateur Carb. soude chimie sel gemme)
Na2CO3
fondant CaMg(CO3)2 CaCl2
four (dolomie)
stabilisan
réfractaire
t
Al2O3,
verrerie autres (verres techniques) BO3,
BaSO4,© …
BaeleMining of ores / depositsv>
Circular economy (applied to geological resources)
3 domains
7 pillars
© ADEME
Agence de la transition écologique
(France)
Reject – Reduce
Reuse – Repair – Redistribute – Refurbish – Repurpose – Remanufacture
New fabrication tools/concepts
Recycle – Recover – ReturnRECYCLAGE ? DOIT/VA SE DEVELOPPER
Quatre considérations
1. Logistique en début de chaîne = « gisement » doit être généré (produits / substances)
Les Belges rapportent seulement 8 % de leurs téléphones mobiles.
Cela signifie donc qu’un nombre très important de vieux téléphones
dorment dans nos tiroirs.
https://www.recupel.be/fr/blog/la-belgique-championne-du-recyclage-des-gsm/#RECYCLAGE ? DOIT/VA SE DEVELOPPER
Quatre considérations
2. Si trop dilué dans le produit => influence sur le coût de recyclage
http://www.mmil.ulg.ac.be/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/minedor-part1.pdf
~ 52 métaux dans un téléphone portableRECYCLAGE ? DOIT/VA SE DEVELOPPER
4 considérations
Quatre considérations
techniques
3. Recyclage « partiel » hors d’installations adéquates …
BangaloreRECYCLAGE ? DOIT/VA SE DEVELOPPER
4 considérations
Quatre considérations
techniques
4. Perte(s) même avec taux élevés (90%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
recyclagesTaux de recyclage des métaux Substances utiles
BRGM - Mines et carrières, octobre 2017Circular economy (applied to geological resources)
3 domains
7 pillars
© ADEME
Agence de la transition écologique
(France)
Reject – Reduce
Reuse – Repair – Redistribute – Refurbish – Repurpose – Remanufacture
New fabrication tools/concepts
Recycle – Recover – Return
Relocate the extraction in EuropeNOW
How / Where?
1. Mining companies
Non metal raw materials in Europe
(Belgium)
Metals mainly out of EU
High technology – robots/machinesBelgium
08 August 1980
16 July 1993
→ authorities for the
underground
= regions
NO METALWallonie 16.901 km2 Non Metal Raw Materials
~ 150 sites inscrits en zone d’extraction au plan de secteur
pierre ornementale, sidérurgie, cimenterie, pharmacie, verrerie, béton, traitement eaux-gaz, agriculture,
sucrerie,…
imports > exports2. Artisanal mining Some metals / some areas Out of EU 2013
https://www.ted.com/talks/mine_de_rien
NOW
1. Transport of raw materials:
- - « direct » costs
- environnemental costs
(0.1 EUR/km/ton) 100.000 tons - 300 km = 3.000.000 EURNOW 2. Imports of raw materials
The EU is highly dependent on imports of raw materials.
Report EU (2009)
Critical Raw Materials - CRM
CRM
NOT ONLY METALS
NOT SAME EVERYWHERECRM
EVOLUTION
2020 Critical Raw Materials (new as compared to 2017 in bold)
Antimony Hafnium Phosphorus
Baryte Heavy Rare Earth Elements Scandium
Beryllium Light Rare Earth Elements Silicon metal
Bismuth Indium Tantalum
Borate Magnesium Tungsten
Cobalt Natural Graphite Vanadium
Coking Coal Natural Rubber Bauxite
Fluorspar Niobium Lithium
Gallium Platinum Group Metals Titanium
Germanium Phosphate rock Strontium
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0474As global demand for critical raw material grows, primary raw
materials will continue to play a key role. Mobilising Europe’s
domestic potential better is an essential part of the EU becoming
more resilient and developing open strategic autonomy.
Europe has a long tradition of mining and extractive activities. It is
well-endowed with aggregates and industrial minerals as well as
certain base metals such as copper and zinc. It is less successful in
developing projects to source critical raw materials, even though
there is significant potential for these.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0474IN THE FUTURE
Supply the loop
RELOCATE
Back to « local »
mining (in Europe)
Short supply chain
(extraction close to processing
and markets)En France
métropolitaine, les
substances
métalliques
présentant la plus
forte probabilité de
développement minier
sont le tungstène,
l’antimoine, la
fluorine et l’or ; les
minerais seraient
intacts (= non
exploités
antérieurement) sous
300 mètres de
profondeur
(Vic, 2017).
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0474Yans’ garden
Major
elements
Belgium
%
Metals
99,64 In my
Minor
elements garden?
ppm
(0.0001 %)
Nd
0.0027 %« old » Pb-Zn ores/districts => « new » ores/districts
« old » Pb-Zn ores/districts => « new » ores/districts
Meeting with citizens
(local residents)
Unfavourable verdicts by
CITIZENS
Municipality
RegionManage NIMBY (Not In My BackYard) Economic Respect of the
growth environment
Sustainable
development
Citizen
engagemen Social
t equity
Elsew(here)« Local » point of view Citizen (1) Mining?
… pollute…
… smell…
… make noise…
… « not friendly »…
health, societal« Local » point of view Citizen (2) Mining?
1996
… destroy the fauna and flora…
2008
environment« Local » point of view Citizen (3) Mining?
… increase the cartage…
health, environment, land management« Local » point of view Citizen (4) Mining?
… destroy the landscape
during the mining…
environment, land management« Local » point of view Citizen (5) Mining?
… destroy the landscape
after the mining…
environment, land management, citizenship (teaching)« Local » point of view Citizen (6) Mining?
… Big money…
economics, societal« Local » point of view Citizen (7a) Mining?
…dangerous for workers…
health Utah, mines Cu, avril 2013« Local » point of view Citizen (7b) Mining?
…dangerous for workers…
Moha, 2011
health« Local » point of view Citizen (7c) Mining?
…dangerous for workers…
L’Echo, 5 mars 2014
ethics, health Utah, mines Cu, avril 2013« Local » point of view Citizen (8) Mining?
… stress due to economic shortage…
economics, sociology« Local » point of view Citizen (9) Mining?
… geological/scientific knowledge/lingo…
teaching (popularization)« Local » point of view Citizen (9) Mining?
… geological/scientific knowledge/lingo…
economics / teaching (popularization)« Local » point of view Citizen (10) Mining?
… Geopolitical stresses…
Fe
geopolitics« Local » point of view Citizen (11) Mining?
… immigrations
… extreme conditions
… « Germinal »
… firedamps
… difficult conversions
Marcinelle, Bois-du-Cazier,
1956
262 people killed
history, sociology« Local » point of view Citizen (12) Mining?
Questions about sustainable development
World Bank (2017) published a report
highlighting the potential consequences of the
increase of low-carbon new technologies on
demand of several raw materials.
sociology, teachingCONCLUSION (1/2)
Required ores for our future daily needs(?)
Recycling - Production
NON metal raw materials in Belgium
(Re)new mines/quarries of metals in Europe (Belgium)?
(Some) resources do exist – technically OK
Reduce (some) dependency Nuisance aspects
Threaths of substitution NIMBY
(Some) employment (know-how)
We discuss resources – nuisances …CONCLUSION (2/2)
Required ores for our future daily needs(?)
Engineering
Geology
Land
management
Exploitation and Economics
management of Raw
Materials
Sociology
Philosophy Political
History Sciences
Law
Teaching (popularization)Merci
Thanks
Clays Gourd of the digger
Wallonia New CaledoniaCopper price
Low investments in geological
resources
Low investments in human
resources
YearsValomet Europe : From a Pilot to an industrial plant
History
-1999 IBA to landfill
1999 ° Valomac: recycling of aggregates for road construction by
removing undesirables (plastics, metals);
2014 ° Fines Treatment Line Valomac: optimised recovery of fine
non ferro 0-4mm/4-8mm
2015 Valomet Pilot: capacity 1200t/y
Goal: Study treatment of non ferro fines
Deliverables: impact of input quality, parameter validation,
output quality, operational costs, commercial strategy
2019 Valomet Europe: treatment capacity of 12kt/y non-ferro
metals out of IBA
58 I R&R BENELUX & GERMANY - VALOMET EUROPE GENT
30/09/2020Date2. From waste to end product: Energy – Minerals - Metals
Suez covers the whole value chain
59 I Focus mâchefers - potentiel de développementFrom waste to end product: Energy – Minerals - Metals
Suez covers the whole value chain
3 different businesses - different targets – different prices – different scale
EfW Plant IBA Processing Plant NFe Processing Plant
VALOMAC VALOMET
Target : Target :
Increase the NFe Refine Nfe 0-20 mm
Incineration of to increase the value
recovery rate
waste, production
of electricity
Production of
Production of
separate non ferrous
aggregates, recovery
metals as feedstock
of metals
for smelters
EU market : 77 million tons/y EU market : 18 million tons/y EU market : 200 to 400 kt/y
Suez share : 10 million Suez share : (potential)
tons/y 26 plants, 3 million tons/y Suez share : 20 ktFrom waste to end product
Fly ashes
1000 t 1000 t
Househol Incinerator 200 t
d waste (Ivago, Ipalle,…) Bottom
ashes
Aggregates
Energ Bottom ashes
treatment plant Fe Smelte
y HNFe
(VALOMAC)
500 MWh r
NFe Alu Smelte
r
6t
Dust landfil
VALOMET l
EUROPE 3t
Aggregates Re-
use
61 I R&R BENELUX & GERMANY - VALOMET EUROPE GENT
30/09/2020DateInput material and end products
Input material (Nfe mix) HNFe (Zinc, copper, led, bronze,
silver,…)
Mix of non
ferro metals Copper
and wires, dark
aggregates grey
(glass, particles,
ceramics,… heavy
)
Aluminium Aggregates
Molten pieces, Glass, ceramics
light grey
62 I
R&R BENELUX & GERMANY - VALOMET EU
30/09/2020DateProcess units
1. 3D sieve (20 mm)
Long pieces tend to block machine components.
3D sieve removes these long pieces and wires.
Oversize (>20 mm) is send to sink-float.
2. Flipflow sieve (6mm)
Divides the raw material in 2 streams to start
HNFe separation
3. Multideck sieves
Split the material in adjustable grain sizes to
obtain optimal throughput
63 I R&R BENELUX & GERMANY - VALOMET EUROPE GENT
30/09/2020Date3. Process units
2. Densimetric tables (10)
• Separation of HNFe from the raw material
• Light material (LNFe) gets blown downwards
• HNFe vibrates upwards
• Quality control: Density
INPUT NFe
VIBRATING
PERFORATED
TABLE
HNFe
LNFe AIR FLOW
64 I R&R BENELUX & GERMANY - VALOMET EUROPE GENT
30/09/2020DateProcess units
3. Eddy Current Separator (ECS; 4)
• Separates aluminium from the mineral fraction
• Eddy current = fluctuating magnetic field generates
an energy boost in the metal particles
• Alu particles ‘jump’ over the separator blade
• Inert particles don’t get any energy and fall under
the separator blade
• Quality control:
• Purity of alu fraction
• Alu loss in mineral fraction
Light nfe
Al
Mineral
65 I R&R BENELUX & GERMANY - VALOMET EUROPE GENT
30/09/2020DateQ&A
66 I R&R BENELUX & GERMANY - VALOMET EUROPE GENT
30/09/2020DateQ&A Aarnout Ecker Attaché VBO FEB Autres questions ou idées? Nog vragen of ideeën ? CIRCULARECONOMY@VBO-FEB.BE
Présentation du Centre de Compétence : D u ra b i l i t é & É c o n o m i e Circulaire Vanessa Biebel Executive Manager VBO FEB
Het VBO
La FEB kleine, middelgrote en
grote ondernemingen
van de toegevoegde waarde
de la valeur ajoutée
petites, moyennes et
grandes entreprises
van de tewerkstelling van de export
in de privésector des exportations
de l’emploi dans le
secteur privé
Kompas bij uitstek de stem van de
voor de ondernemingen ondernemingen
in België porte-parole des
Boussole par excellence entreprises
pour les entreprises en
BelgiqueAcht competentie centra Huit centres de compétence
CC SUSTAINABILITY AND
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Sustainable Corporate social
Entrepreneurship responsibility
CC
Sustainability Interface Substances-
SDGs
& circular products-waste
Product Policy economy
Resources
Packaging and Reuse-Repair-
packaging waste Recycle
Ecodesign
71C I R C U L A R E C O N O M Y – C A L L TO A C T I O N UPCOMING WEBINARS: 09.10.2020 Conception et production circulaire, inspiration du Register Now début à la fin de la vie 23.10.2020 Pas de ‘business as usual’ avec les modèles circulaires 13.11.2020 Les facilitateurs circulaires accélèrent-ils la transition ?
Verbond van Belgische Ondernemingen vzw Fédération des Entreprises de Belgique asbl Rue Ravensteinstraat 4, 1000 Brussel/Bruxelles BE476 519 923 – RPR Brussel/Bruxelles www.vbo-feb.be – ivn@vbo-feb.be
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