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eCN
146 Cruises news
e
ONLINE
Ceuta, the
Key to the
Mediterranean
Cruises news
e Cruises news
eCN
146
ONLINE
Ceuta, the ONLINE
Key to the
Mediterranean
eCN / October 2019
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2 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 3
eCRUISESNEWS / Ceuta, the Key to the Mediterranean
Ceuta, the
Key to the
Mediterranean
4 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 5
C euta is strategically locat-
ed at the entrance of the
Mediterranean, on one of
the busiest sea routes in the
world, the Straits of Gibraltar. Ceuta
is a remarkable enclave full of attrac-
tions, starting with the famous Mount
Hacho, one of the two columns of Her-
cules, which had to be separated to
unite the waters of the Mediterranean
with those of the Atlantic Ocean. This
characteristic of an entrance between
two continents makes Ceuta an excep-
tional city for its situation, for its cli-
mate, for its cultural miscegenation, for
the coexistence between the religions
that live there and for being a piece of
Europe embedded in Africa.
The future of the port of Ceuta inexorably
passes through a piece of evidence; the ex-
istence of an entire continent that needs a
range of services, taking advantage of pre-
cisely that condition of Spanish and Europe-
an nationality in Africa, not to mention other
circumstances that drive its traffic, such as
the tax advantages and its prices, which are
comparatively cheaper than on the Iberian
peninsula.
Although Ceuta is frequently a fleeting
crossing point for cruise passengers passing
through the Straits on ships sailing towards
other consolidated destinations such as the
Mediterranean, shipowners should consider
including Ceuta in their itineraries to discover
it. Its situation between two seas, between
two continents and the hospitality of its peo-
ple gives it an added value that enriches any
itinerary.
The first cruise calls in Ceuta
Ceuta has a long tradition as a transit stop-
over on tourist cruises. Before World War II
it had illustrious visitors such as the German
ship Monte Rosa, which called in Ceuta in
1935, on a cruise that afterwards called at
Barcelona. Another German ship, the Mil-
waukee, also visited Ceuta on a cruise from
Genoa to the Canary Islands. Its British com-
petitors were also frequent visitors to Ceuta,
with stopovers by various tourist cruise ships
such as the Montclare, the Montrose, P&O
Mongolia or Lamport & Holt Voltaire.
In another landmark for the port, in August
1957, Cabo San Roque, the flagship of Ybarra
6 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 7
& Company, called at Ceuta on its inaugural
cruise from Bilbao to Barcelona. More re-
cently, in 1998, the Atlantic Festival itinerary,
departing from Malaga on board the cruise
ship Don Juan, of the Royal Hispania shipping
company, also called at Ceuta.
Ceuta has a long
tradition as a cruise
Calls during the 21st century
port of call. In the 21st century, references to cruise ship
calls are quite extensive: for example, on
April 29, 2006, the Wind Surf ship, from the
In Ceuta, cruise ships Wind Sail Cruises company, on a cruise be-
dock just a short five- tween Cádiz and Malaga. That year her twin
minute walk from the ship, Club Med 2 also called, docking in the
city centre.
west berth. That year marked a deep decline
in activity, with only nine stops, compared to
the thirteen ships that had docked in Ceuta
The “Dock España” is
in 2005. The change in the routes of many
able to accommodate
75% of current cruise lines as well as the emerging econom-
cruise ships. ic crisis hit the Ceuta enclave.
However, Ceuta’s cruise activity rebound-
ed again in 2007 with 20 calls. In October
Carnival Corp’s of that year, Norwegian Dream arrived from
shipping companies Norwegian Cruise Line. This vessel remained
are Ceuta’s best for several years as the largest cruise ship to
customers.
calling at Ceuta.
In 2008 there were 25 calls with 32,606 tour-
ists. This year there was an important event:
after the experience of the cruise ship Mr.
Juan, Ceuta was once again included in
a round itinerary from Malaga. The British
cruise line, Thomson Cruises, included the
city of Ceuta in several of its itineraries and its
ships Thomson Destiny and Thomson Spirit,
made nine calls in the Ceuta port. These two
years, 2007 and 2008, constituted one of the
most successful stages of Ceuta as a cruise
port and became an achievement difficult to
better.
The trend changed in 2009. During that year
Ceuta closed the year with only ten calls,
something that had only occurred once in
the previous ten years. The season began
on March 14 with the arrival of the classic
Saga Ruby ship and closed on December
28th with Amadea’s arrival, from the German
operator Phoenix Reisen, which docked with
more than 900 German tourists on board.
Between these two there were three more
calls in May, three in September and two in
October, which involved more than 5,000
tourists. Among them, there was the Tahi-
tian Princess, which was one of the first ref-
erences of the well-known Princess Cruises
shipping company, one of the leaders in the
Premium sector. These 10 stops were one of
the lowest figures since 1998, when 18 ships
called at Ceuta.
8 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019
The first decade of the 21st century closed
with eight calls, once again a benchmark in
the world of cruise ships: the Pacific Princess
ship, which docked on December 10, 2010
for the first time in the port of Ceuta, hav-
ing departed from Barcelona and heading
towards Casablanca. Calls from the Portu-
guese Funchal ship from Lisbon were also
registered. The Arcalia Shipping Company,
which afterwards went into bankruptcy due
to the economic crisis, had sent its entire
fleet to Ceuta. So, the Princess Danae, the
Ocean Monarch and Athena had previously
called at the Spanish port, demonstrating the
attractiveness of Ceuta as destination for the
Portuguese outbound tourist market and the
viability of an itinerary that includes Lisbon
and Ceuta. Given the strength of the Portu-
guese capital as a home port, it would be
very interesting to promote Ceuta for cruises
departing from that port.
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 9
2011-2015: The effects of the crisis
The impact of the economic crisis and the ar-
rival of larger ships in the Mediterranean had
a negative effect on Ceuta cruise traffic fig-
ures in the first five years of this decade. Cu-
riously, this decline coincided with a decline
also accused of Malaga, which went from
322 calls in 2010 to 227 in 2015, its historical
low. Gibraltar, Ceuta’s competitor, also had a
decrease in traffic. Therefore, we were facing
not a local but a regional phenomenon that
affected the ports of the Straits, the result of
pressure from new destinations such as Cart-
agena, the decrease of long itineraries from
the ports of the Gulf of León to the Canary Is-
lands, and the crisis, which made shipowners
send their ships to more consolidated desti-
nations, such as the western Mediterranean
or the Adriatic / Aegean.
2011 began with good news as Ceuta was in-
cluded in a regular itinerary of MSC Cruises.
MSC Melody offered calls in Ceuta on its 12-
day cruises with departure from Genoa and
calls in Alicante, Cartagena, Tangier, Santa
Cruz de Tenerife, Funchal, Ceuta, Palamós
and back to Genoa. That year the first cruise
call of the cruise ship Kristina Regina by the
Finnish cruise line Kristina Cruises, was also
registered.
Another of Ceuta’s historical clients is the
British cruise line Saga Cruises, which offers
cruises for the elderly. In 2012 it maintained
its fidelity to Ceuta with two calls by the
Ruby Saga, the second of which came from
Cartagena and continued to Casablanca. Its
entire historical fleet, with ships such as the
Saga Pearl II, or the Saga Rose, were regulars
almost every year in Ceuta. Saga Cruises is
currently immersed in a process of the com-
plete renewal of its fleet, which includes the
incorporation of two new vessels this year
and in 2020, the Spirit of Discovery and the
Spirit of Adventure. Several institutions, such
as the Port Authority and the Ministry of De-
velopment, are doing a remarkable job to
make Ceuta an accessible city, without ar-
chitectural barriers. This goal can be a good
bet for cruise lines with a high percentage of
retirees or, as they now say, “senior” passen-
gers. Customers from Saga, Holland Ameri-
ca, etc. could visit the city and its museums,
attractions, etc. without any architectural
barriers and this would be a very important
commercial allure.
In 2013 this sluggish state in cruise traffic
continued, but past clients, such as Thomson
Cruises, maintained their activity in the port.
On May 1, the 243-meter Thompson Dream
10 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019Ceuta: the column of Hercules
Centuries of coexistence in harmony between that have a rectangular shape, which, after their
its four cultures (Christian, Islamic, Jewish and restoration, were inaugurated in 2006. There
Hindu) make Ceuta an exceptional enclave in the are in addition other examples of the history
world, together in the same cosmopolitan environ- of this territory, such as the Merinidian Walls,
ment. But also, Ceuta is a European city, modern, the strength of the Hacho, or the three mili-
clean and without a great expanse, which makes tary museums, including the one of the Legion.
it perfectly suitable as a perfect cruise destina- But Ceuta also provides examples of contempo-
tion for several hours. It offers multiple attrac- rary architecture, such as the House of Dragons,
tions. Perhaps the most demanded is the Mari- inaugurated at the beginning of the 20th cen-
time Park of the Mediterranean, a leisure complex tury as the headquarters of the African Casino
designed by César Manrique, about 55,000 m² in and famous for the large mythological sculptures
Ceuta is a unique example of fusion of four different cultures.
size, located in front of the port, which offers its that decorate its roof. Or the new auditorium,
visitors three artificial salt water lakes, gardens, the work of the Portuguese architect Álvaro Siza.
waterfalls, a solarium, a stage and local leisure. As far as religious architecture is con-
Ceuta also offers to cultural travellers its most cerned, the 16th-century baroque ca-
representative sight, the Royal Walls with its thedral and the 17th-century baroque
navigable moat, built over centuries by Romans, church of Our Lady of Africa are highlights.
Arabs, Portuguese and Spaniards to protect the Finally, the great offer of nautical tourism of
isthmus and the Almina peninsula, where the Ceuta stands out for the most active passengers.
old city was located. The complex consists of The sea is the heart of this Ceuta leisure, with its
several defensive lines full of battlements, tow- Mediterranean and Atlantic beaches and a large
ers, bastions, and the “Plaza de Armas”. Anoth- marina in the centre of the bay from which it is
er attraction is its Arab baths dating from the possible to go sport fishing or scuba diving or
twelfth century and composed of four rooms make sea excursions on board tourist boats.
Ceuta is a shopper’s paradise. Its tax system allows its visitors to buy
jewellery, eyewear, photography, electronics, pictures, cosmetics
and clothing at very competitive prices.
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 11arrived and became the largest cruise ship to
enter the port, but always separated from the
nine calls in 2008 of its fleet companions, the
Thomson Destiny and the Thomson Spirit. It
arrived from Portimao (again a Portuguese
connection) and departed to Cartagena. But
it was an unequivocal proof of the interest of
this cruise line to recover the Port of Ceuta
within the itineraries of its vessels. Another
regular, the Kristina Katarina, with about 300
Finnish passengers, also made a call that
year in Ceuta before leaving for Malaga.
2014 started relatively well in Ceuta, with
four calls by different cruise lines before
July, almost all of them from regular cus-
tomers: P&O with the Adonia, Princess with
the Ocean Princess, Phoenix with the Am-
adea (which became the first cruise ship to
refuel in Ceuta) and Peter Deilman with the
Deutschland. They were all relatively small
vessels, a fact that demonstrated the exist-
ing infrastructure deficit in Ceuta at that time.
However, the trend did not continue the rest
of the year and there was a decline in traffic
compared to 2013.
2015 was a turning point towards the future.
It was the year when the adaptation work at
Dock Spain started, the aim being to adapt it
to the length of the new cruise ships. Those
responsible declared during the Seatrade
Cruise Shipping in Miami that year that “Now
Ceuta is preparing for a totally different out-
look”. With only four cruise calls and less than
1,600 passengers, 2015 was Ceuta’s starting
point as a cruise destination.
The impact of new facilities.
The arrival of mega cruise ships
In 2016, a total of fifteen cruise ships docked
in Ceuta, with more than 20,000 passengers,
which meant a new historical record. That
year Panamax-sized cruise ships began ar-
riving in Ceuta, such as the Oosterdam, op-
erated by Holland America Line, or its near
twin Arcadia, operated by the British P&O,
both belonging to world’s largest cruise ship
owner, Carnival Corp, a giant who has never
hidden its interest in Ceuta. These ships, 290
meters long and around 2,000 passengers,
broke all previous records. Holland America
also sent for the first time its ship, Rotterdam.
At the same time, Ceuta maintained its his-
torical customers such as Thomson Cruises
with seven cruise calls of the Thomson Spirit
during this year (which represented almost
half of all cruise calls), which arrived from
Almeria and departed to Malaga, highlight-
ing again the dovetailing of Ceuta with other
12 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019Andalusian ports.
The recently completed construction of the
Dock España, together with the promotion
carried out by the Port Authority, meant that
the number of calls tripled that year, and
thanks to the increase in the size of the ves-
sels, the number of cruise passengers was
multiplied by ten.
In 2017, the four calls by the TUI Discovery
2 stood out, the new flagship of a former
client for the port, Thomson Cruises, which
sent its largest and most modern ship to the
Autonomous City. The Westerdam took over
from its twin Oosterdam of Holland America,
with three Ceuta calls, which confirmed this
American premium shipping company´s in-
terest in Ceuta Port within the itineraries of its
cruises. And P&O repeated with the Arcadia
and the Aurora but had to cancel a cruise call
of the Oriana due to bad weather. That year
the Ceuta Cruise Forum was also held.
In 2018, there was a slight decrease in tour-
ist cruise traffic. Ceuta continued to receive
ships from its usual customers. Thomson
Cruises was renamed Marella Cruises, but its
fleet, in this case the Marella Spirit, did not
miss its appointment with the Autonomous
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 1314 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019
City with four visits and P&O repeated with
the Aurora. But 2018 finished the season with
several events: the first one was the call by
the Zenith of Pullmantur Cruises on Septem-
ber 20, 2018. The second was the first call of
a Royal Caribbean group ship, the second
largest shipowner of cruise ships globally. Its
previous absence had been an unresolved
issue for the Port.
The second event was the arrival of the Sap-
phire Princess on October 2, the first post
panamax, and the largest cruise ship that
had docked in the history of Ceuta, with its
290 meters in length, 8.5 meters of draft
and 115,857 tons of registration. And the year
ended with the arrival of the flagship Holland
America Line on October 11, and the Kon-
ingsdam, 100,000 tons, delivered in 2016. It
was unequivocal proof of the loyalty of Hol-
land America Line.
Present and future prospects
2019 began on January 22nd with the stop-
over in Ceuta of the Saga Pearl II on its last
trip for Saga Cruises, one of the historical
clients of the Port of the Autonomous City.
This ship went to Melilla, one of the few oc-
casions when both autonomous cities were
included in the same itinerary. P&O repeated
again with the Arcadia and the Aurora, Prin-
cess with the Sapphire Princess, and Holland
America Line included Ceuta in the Prinsen-
dam’s itinerary this spring, also on one of its
last trips of this ship for the cruise line. The
season finishes in October with the Sapphire
Saga, another of the Saga Cruises ships,
within an itinerary called “Viva España”. In
total, seven cruise ships made stopovers at
Ceuta Port this year.
The Port of Ceuta was present at the tenth
edition of “Seatrade Europe Cruise and River
Cruise”, the reference trade fair of the Euro-
pean cruise industry celebrated in the Ger-
man city of Hamburg in September, with the
aim of increasing the number of cruise calls
in the city. German shipping companies are
one of the issues to resolve for the port of
the Autonomous City, since to date, neither
Aida, nor TUI, the two main German shipping
companies, have made calls at their docks,
neither have other smaller ones, such as
Hapag-Lloyd or Plantours. And nowadays
Germany is the number one cruise market in
Europe.
Saga Cruises has confirmed two cruise calls
by its new Spirit of Discovery for next year,
the ship delivered last June, and Holland
America will return to Ceuta with its Rotter-
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 15dam. Another loyal customer, Princess Cruis-
es, will again offer the destination of Ceuta on
two cruises: one by the Crown Princess from
Southampton and another aboard the Sea
Princess, which will call on June 26, during
its World Tour cruise from Sydney. That day
the streets of Ceuta will be filled with Aus-
tralians. By 2021 there are already two reser-
vations for two new Princess ships in Ceuta:
the Grand Princess and the Island Princess.
Facilities for Cruises
The Ceuta Port Authority launched in 2015 a
project to improve the “Dock España”, which
was the regular berth for cruise ships, in or-
der to receive vessels of up to 300 meters in
length and improve the integration between
port and city. The construction work, budg-
eted at almost two million euros, was car-
ried out in three phases, in order to allocate
the infrastructure to cruise ships and mega
yachts and to be able to compete with Gi-
braltar and Tangier.
16 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019
The first phase consisted of the transfer of Shore Excursions
the companies that maintained their com-
mercial activity in the dock to other locations.
Thus, Dock España had a unique use, being The Port of Ceuta has become the best starting point to
a berth dedicated only to cruise ships, some- visit Morocco, since it organizes excursions lasting a few
thing very much appreciated by the cruise hours to nearby cities such as Tangier, Tetouan or Chaouen,
lines companies, which also serves as the provided by specialized receptive agencies that offer
their services and a guarantee at European standards.
gateway for cruise passengers in the city.
Tetouan is only 41 kilometres south of Ceuta. It is a city
Subsequently, three of the sheds that occu-
declared as a World Heritage Site thanks to its medina,
pied the dock were demolished, resulting in considered the most complete medina in Morocco, as
a diaphanous dock. The control tower and well as one of the most authentic, almost without external
the headquarters of the Port Authority, a very influences. Also very interesting is the so-called Spanish
interesting ship-shaped building, were left Ensanche, an area adjacent to the medina, with important
standing. With this action, the possibility of examples of Spanish colonial architecture.
separating pedestrian traffic from the road
Tangier is located 77 kilometres east of Ceuta. There are
and generating parking for coaches and taxis
two different areas included in its historical area: the me-
was achieved.
dina with its Kasbah, an old walled enclosure in one of the
The last phase of the project included the hills of the city, with a chaotic lattice of narrow streets that
construction of new defences and bitts on has integrated the wall and the fortifications built by the
the east side, the one that cruise ships use Portuguese as well as the Kasbah museum; and the new
to dock, and made it possible to dock ships city, with the old French quarter and the new Spanish dis-
with a tonnage greater than the current one. trict.
A tourist information point was also installed,
Chaouen, 105 kilometres from Ceuta, is known as the blue
town for the striking colour of its medina’s houses. Its souk,
its citadel, and the Great Mosque of the fifteenth century
with an octagonal tower and the narrow streets of the
upper part of the medina, are part of Chaouen’s charm.
The Rif mountain range is a mountainous area of landsca-
pes always surprisingly green and rugged and is an option
for the more adventurous passengers.
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 17Evolution of port calls in Ceuta in the last decade
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
• Port calls 10 10 8 8 4 15 11 10
• Cruise passengers 4.899 6.088 4.607 4.235 1.587 19.456 17.045 15.861
which has been reinforced this year with an- ceive cruise ships. But the growing number
other similar one, opened with the arrival of of cruise ships means providing Ceuta with
the Sapphire Princess. guides, interpreters, buses and shore excur-
Subsequently, the treatment to the exterior sions, etc. And all this offer must be public
accesses to the Dock España was carried out knowledge and be prepared in advance for
to give continuity to the earlier work, with an when the cruise passengers arrive.
The Sapphire Princess approximate area of 4,200 m2 and located in It is also necessary to improve Ceuta’s com-
is the largest cruise front of the gate of the facilities of the Dock munication and information on social net-
ship that has made a España. works and the Internet and offer information
cruise call in Ceuta.
of this destination in several languages. An-
The future of Ceuta in cruise traffic other need is to improve the information on
Ceuta has noteworthy infrastructures to re- their tax system, one of whose highlights is
18 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 19
that Value Added Tax (VAT) does not apply.
Nowadays there are about 350 cruise ships
that have a total length of less than 300 me-
ters, which is about the maximum length that
the port of Ceuta could host, so its infrastruc-
ture can accommodate most of the current
cruise fleet. It seems unthinkable that larg-
er-sized vessels (like the Oasis type of RCI,
MSC Meraviglia of MSC or Costa Smeralda),
will be able to make stops in Ceuta.
In the commercial field, in addition to main-
taining its long-term customers such as the
“Premium” brands of Carnival Corp, Holland
America Line, Princess Cruises, and P&O,
and other independent brands such as Saga
Holidays, etc., Ceuta must capture cruise
Ceuta has always calls from the other three major shipping
been a port of cruise
groups in the cruise industry: Royal Caribbe-
stopovers, both for
its charm and for the an, Norwegian Cruise Line and MSC Cruises.
attractive tax system Finally, Ceuta is a port that currently does not
for fuel supply. receive stopovers by luxury shipping com-
panies such as Silversea, Seabourn, Ponant,
etc. or “upper Premium”, such as Oceania or
Viking Cruises, with medium-sized ships that
would not present any problem to dock in
the “Dock España” with cruise passengers
with high purchasing power. In addition,
some of the cruise companies such as Viking
Cruises, maintain ships in the Mediterranean
throughout the year providing cultural itin-
eraries, in which the presence of Ceuta and
its area of influence in Morocco could be an
interesting novelty. The richness of the fauna
of the Straits, together with the beauty of the
Rif, also places Ceuta in a good position in
20 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019the exploration and adventure cruise market,
one of the segments with a greatest devel-
opment potential.
Ceuta has a privileged position in the west
of the Mediterranean, an area frequented by
cruise ships especially in spring and autumn,
coinciding with the beginning and end of the
summer season at Mare Nostrum.
When it comes to building itineraries, Ceu-
ta is located at an ideal distance from base
ports such as Malaga, from which it is sep-
arated only by 69 miles (only 5 hours at 15
knots), from Alicante by 298 miles (20 hours
at 15 knots, ideal for an arrival at noon), from
Cartagena by 239 miles (16 hours at 15 knots,
ideal to arrive mid-morning). The same goes
for Cádiz (84 miles). For example, Lisbon and
Ceuta are separated by 313 miles. Thus, a
Lisbon-Cádiz-Ceuta itinerary, for example,
makes a very attractive combination. It also
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 21offers a lot of potential in the itineraries from is located 510 miles from Barcelona, while,
the Canary Islands: 720 miles from Santa for instance, Malaga is 460 miles away. The
Cruz de Tenerife (two days of navigation), or 50-mile difference between Malaga and the
703 miles from Las Palmas, which with an Strait of Gibraltar is perfectly acceptable to
intermediate stopover in a Moroccan port, compete as a port of call. And the same thing
such as Casablanca, means Ceuta could be happens to compete with Gibraltar, a port
part of a very attractive itinerary. that has recently won the port calls of Aida in
Finally, regarding transatlantic cruises; Ceuta the Strait, so Ceuta has the necessity to com-
pete with promotion, attractive services and
affordable rates.
www.ceuta.si Download guide
22 eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019LOCAL CUISINE OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
CULTURAL HERITAGE PARKS AND BEACHES
CEUTA CEUTA SÍ
eCRUISESNEWS CEUTA, THE KEY TO THE MEDITERRANEAN • October 2019 23Ceuta, the Key to the Mediterranean
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