Biodiversity, Conservation, the GSPC and the 2020 Biodiversity Goals & Targets for Canada - Dr. David A. Galbraith Head of Science, Royal ...
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Biodiversity, Conservation, the GSPC and the 2020 Biodiversity Goals & Targets for Canada Dr. David A. Galbraith Head of Science, Royal Botanical Gardens GSPC National Focal Point for Canada dgalbraith@rbg.ca Page 1 @RBG_Science
Canada’s Multi-Element NBSAT Canadian Biodiversity Strategy (1994) • Canada’s Biodiversity Outcomes Framework (2006) Canada’s 2020 Biodiversity Goals and Targets (2016) Page 1
Provincial Biodiversity Strategies (Subnational Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans; SBSAPs) • Province of British Columbia (Fraser Valley Region) • Province of New Brunswick • Province of Ontario • Province of Quebec (Part 1, Part 2) • Province of Saskatchewan • Northwest Territories • City of Edmonton • City of Montreal Page 1
2020 GSPC and 2020 Biodiversity Goals and Targets for Canada GSPC Objective 1: Knowledge Objective 2: Conservation 1. On-Line Flora 2. At-Risk List 3. Knowledge- 4. Protected 5. Plant Diversity 6. Production Lands 7. In Situ 8. Ex Situ Sharing Ecological Regions Areas 75% 75% Conservation 75% Conservation 75% 75% GSPC No exact 2. By 2020, species 13. Innovative 1. At least 17 1. At least 17 6. Sustainable 2. By 2020, species 2. By 2020, species correspondence. that are secure mechanisms for percent of percent of management of that are secure that are secure remain secure; at fostering terrestrial areas and terrestrial areas and Canada’s forests. remain secure; at remain secure; at risk species conservation and inland water, and 10 inland water, and 10 risk species risk species recovering sustainable use of percent of coastal percent of coastal 7. Agricultural recovering recovering biodiversity and marine areas and marine areas working landscapes developed & provide a stable or BGTC applied. 16. Comprehensive 16. Comprehensive improved level of inventory of inventory of biodiversity and 14. Science base for protected spaces protected spaces habitat capacity biodiversity is enhanced & knowledge is better integrated & more accessible. Objective 4: GSPC Objective 2: Conservation Objective 3: Sustainable Use Objective 5: Capacity-Building Education 9. Crop Genetic 10. Invasive 11. International 12. Sustainable 13. Indigenous 14. Education & 15. Capacity 16. Networking Diversity 70% Species Managed Trade Poses no Harvest of Wild Knowledge Awareness Building Threats Plants Respected and GSPC Protected No exact 11. Pathways of No exact 9. ... Aquatic plants 12. Customary use 14. Science base for No exact No exact correspondence. invasive alien correspondence. are managed and by Aboriginal biodiversity is correspondence. correspondence. species intro. harvested peoples of enhanced & identified; risk- sustainably biological knowledge is better based intervention resources is integrated & more or management 12. Customary use maintained accessible. BGTC plans are in place by Aboriginal • credits for priority peoples of 15. Aboriginal pathways, species biological traditional resources knowledge is Page 1 maintained respected, promoted, informs conservation
2020 Biodiversity Goals and Targets for Canada (Canada’s NBSAP) that do not Map to GSPC Targets Urban Wetlands Climate Change Aquaculture Pollution Natural Capital Biodiversity 3. By 2020, 4. By 2020, 5. By 2020, the 8. Aquaculture 10. Pollution levels 17. Measures of Canada’s wetlands biodiversity ability of Canadian managed under in Canadian natural capital are conserved considerations are ecological science-based waters, including related to integrated into systems to adapt regime that pollution from biodiversity and municipal to climate change promotes the excess nutrients, ecosystem planning and is better sustainable use of are reduced or services BGTC activities of major understood, and aquatic resources maintained at developed on municipalities priority adaptation (including marine, levels that support national scale; across Canada. measures are freshwater and healthy aquatic stats reporting underway. land based) in ecosystems. ways that conserve biodiversity. No reference to No reference to No explicit No explicit No explicit No explicit wetlands as a conservation in reference to reference to reference to reference to GSPC focal area urban areas climate change aquaculture pollution as a natural capital separate issue. concepts Page 1
Vascular Plant Diversity in Canada Group Families Species Lycopodiophyta (clubmosses, Ferns and Allies 3 43 spikemosses & quillworts) Monilophyta (ferns 19 136 & horsetails) Gymnosperms Pinophyta 4 43 Angiosperms Nymphaeales 2 12 Magnoliids 5 10 Monocots 33 1,269 Eudicots 106 3,698 Totals 172 5,211 Note: Derived from species lists accompanying Canadian Endangered Species Page 1 Conservation Council (2016), Wild Species 2015: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group,
GSPC Target 1: On-Line Flora Target 1 Canadian Flora in FNA On-line Province/Territory 2018 FNA Subtotals Alberta 1,331 British Columbia 2,060 Manitoba 983 New Brunswick 1,118 Newfoundland and Labrador 573 Nova Scotia 1,125 Nunavut 979 NWT - Ontario 1,804 Prince Edward Island 672 Quebec 1,696 Saskatchewan 989 Yukon 1,067 Total Species Reported: 3,476 Total Species, Canadian Vascular Flora* 5,211 Percentage of Flora in FNAO as of 2018: 67% * Total Canadian flora as reported in the Wild Species 2015 for Canada. Other Page 1 numbers from FNA Online.
GSPC Target 1: On-Line Flora Provincial Floras on-line British Columbia: E-Flora BC Newfoundland and Labrador: A Digital Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador Vascular Plants Nova Scotia: Nova Scotia Plants (ebook) Ontario: FOIBIS Illustration: Page 1 E-Flora BC screen capture
GSPC Target 2: Conservation Status of Known Plant Target Species 2 • 5,211 known species of vascular plants group in Canada, • 3,846 species assigned a conservation risk rank in 2015 by federal Status of Wild Species report. • 1,157 species (approx. 30%) are at risk to some degree • 2689 species (approx. 70%) considered secure • 36 species on IUCN Red List in Distribution of COSEWIC Endangered Species (2006; all taxa) Canada as of July 2018 Page 1 National Atlas of Canada
GSPC Target Targets 5, 7 and 8: Protected Areas Target GSPC Relevance Targets to IPAs, 5,Ex-Situ In-Situ and 7 andProtection 8: Threatened of Plants Species at Risk & in In-situ and Ex-Situ Conservation; 5 Protected 5. Canada working areas hard to and Threatened increase Plants Protected Areas Target network by 2020 but no important areas for plants assessment done, so Target 5 can’t be achieved: No IPA 7 network. Target 7. In-Situ protection and recovery is preferred for at-risk 8 plants in Canada; 136 Federal recovery plans exist now for remediation of risk 8. Ex-Situ conservation is rarely developed in recovery plans; some seed gene banks and live plant gene banks exist but no assessment of overall coverage has been done. Page 1
GSPC Target 4: At least 15% of Each EcoType in Target Protected Areas; National Inventory 4 • National and sub- national inventories of protected areas exist (national, provincial parks) • Canada Target 1: 17% by 2020 • Efforts underway to increase network, including Other Effective Area-Based Measures • Getting to 15% or 17% by 2020 Map from Parks Canada Page 1
GSPC Target 9: Crop Wild Relative Species: Identification, Target Protection of Genetic Diversity and Associated Indigenous Knowledge 9 • Achievement of GSPC quantitative target 9 by 2020 not possible as no inventory exists of genetic diversity of all wild crop relatives. • Canada does have programs underway to document and conserve genetic diversity, but achieving 70% by 2020 is not considered possible. • Efforts under way in various sectors to protect Indigenous knowledge and traditional uses. Page 1
GSPC Target 10: Monitor and Control of Invasive Species Target 10 • Canada is undertaking several programs to monitor and control invasive alien species at national and international levels. • Government agencies at national and sub-national levels involved. • Federal lead by Health Canada. Brown Marmorated Stink Bug on Page 1 invasive Buckthorn
Target GSPC Targets 11 and 12: International Trade and Sustainable Use of Plant Resources 11 Target 11: Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of 12 International and Interprovincial Trade Act (WAPPRIITA) is Canada’s implementation of CITES; also includes provision for barring importation of invasive species. 12: Proportion of wild harvested plant-based products that are sourced sustainably is not known; A wide variety of economically-valuable, plant-based products are produced in Canada, including non-timber forest products Page 1
Target GSPC Targets 6 and 16: Implementation of FAO Global Plans of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and/ or Forest Genetic Resources 6 Target • Agriculture and Agrifood 16 Canada (AAFC) reporting to FAO on the FAO Global Plans of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture • Reporting being shared with GSPC National Focal Point Page 1
Target GSPC Targets 6: Management of Production Lands for Conservation of Plant Diversity 6 • 347 million hectares of forest land (9% of world’s forests) • 226 million hectares (65%) managed • 206 million hectares (91%) have long term management plans in place~ • 168 million hectares (74%) covered by independently verified certification scheme. • 35% of farms in Canada had a formal written Environmental Farm Plan (50% of Canada’s agricultural land area) Page 1
GSPC Target 13: Is indigenous knowledge on plants being Target documented and protected? 13 • Historic documentation being assembled by several research groups. • Contemporary use, teaching, and rematriation of traditional knowledge is expanding; teachers are few. • Important caveat: some do not welcome scientific interest in traditional knowledge, however others are actively pursuing technology and knowledge transfer (no “one-size fits all” answer) Joseph Pitawanakwot, Wiikwemkoong First Page 1 Nation, Manitoulin Island, demonstrating Anishinaabe herbalism at Royal Botanical
Target GSPC Target 14: Education and Public Awareness of Importance of Plants 14 • Biodiversity integrated into provincial school curricula in most provinces • Multiple NGOs and networks promoting importance of plant diversity and sustainable use • Botanical gardens increasingly involved in BioBlitzes and other hands-on citizen science programs Page 1
GSPC Targets 3 and 15: Information Exchange and Training Target Capacity for Conservation of Native Plant Species Diversity 3 Target 3. Information exchanges and sources of 15 protocols, etc. considered adequate for strategy – sources considered good to achieve Target 3 15. No assessment of needed capacity of plant conservation community to achieve GSPC goals has been carried out, so no way to gage Target 15; No overall funding of GSPC initiatives at present Page 1
National Indicators Relevant for the GSPC targets • No specific national indicator framework against GSPC targets has been established • National Focal Point aiding Environment and Climate Change Canada on preparation of National Reports to CBD; monitoring achievement of national targets under Canada’s own 2020 Biodiversity Goals and Targets Page 1
A GSPC Dashboard for Canada Objective 1: Knowledge Objective 2: Conservation Target 1 Target 2 Target 3 Target 4 Target 5 Target 6 Target 7 Target 8 On-Line Flora At Risk List Knowledge- Protected Plant Production In Situ Ex Situ Target Sharing Ecological Diversity Lands 75% Conservation Conservation Regions 75% Areas 75% 75% 75% Progress Objective 2: Objective 3: Sustainable Use Objective 4: Objective 5: Capacity- Conservation Education Building Target 9 Target 10 Target 11 Target 12 Target 13 Target 14 Target 15 Target 16 Crop Genetic Invasive International Sustainable Indigenous Education & Capacity Networking Target Diversity 70% Species Trade Harvest of Knowledge Awareness Building Wild Plants Progress • Red indicates little progress towards target (
dgalbraith@rbg.ca @RBG_Science Thank you. Genus Page 1 Name Cloud generated by VasCan Database of Vascular Plants of Canada
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