ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT - INCREASED CAPACITY OF THE NORTH FLARE SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) - WSP
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SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT INCREASED CAPACITY OF THE NORTH FLARE 15 JANUARY 2021
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT INCREASED CAPACITY OF THE NORTH FLARE SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) PROJECT NO.: 41102753 DATE: JANUARY 2021 WSP FLOOR 1, PHAROS HOUSE BUCKINGHAM TERRACE WESTVILLE, DURBAN, 3629 SOUTH AFRICA T +27 31 240 8800 WSP.COM
QUALITY MANAGEMENT ISSUE/REVISION FIRST ISSUE REVISION 1 REVISION 2 REVISION 3 Remarks Draft AIR Date 15/01/2021 Prepared by L. Ramsay Signature Checked by L. Dyer Signature Authorised by L. Ramsay Signature Project number 41102753 Report number 1 File reference G:\000 NEW Projects\41102753 - SAPREF North Flare\41 AQ\2-REPORTS WSP is an ISO9001:2015, ISO14001:2015 and OHSAS18001:2007 certified company
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
South African Petroleum Refineries (SAPREF), a joint venture between Shell SA Refining and BP Southern
Africa, is the largest crude oil refinery in Southern Africa with 35% of South Africa’s refining capacity. SAPREF
currently balances any flaring that may be required (i.e. during emergency depressuring, shutdown and start-up
situations) between their North and South Flares. With the relief created by the recent hydrogen desulphurisation
unit upgrade (HDS4), the North Flare can operate without exceeding the design capacity. However, should the
balancing line between the North and South Flares not be available in the future, the North Flare will have
insufficient capacity to handle the full load. As such, SAPREF propose to upgrade the North Flare to sufficiently
manage such a scenario. To remain within American Petroleum Institute (API) standards, this will require a height
increase of 17 m for the North Flare stack.
An Atmospheric Emissions License (AEL) amendment is required to reflect the increased flare capacity and
increased stack height, requiring an Atmospheric Impact Report (AIR) in support of this application.
Atmospheric pollutants of concern associated with SAPREF’s site activities include particulate matter (PM) with
a diameter less than 10 microns (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). To assess the ambient air quality impacts, a Level 3 air pollution dispersion modelling
approach was conducted. The following scenarios were assessed for comparison with the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) as applicable:
1 Worst case scenario: Emergency depressuring of HDS4 (baseline, flare balancing);
2 Worst case scenario: Emergency depressuring of HDS4 (proposed, no flare balancing)
3 Planned shutdown (baseline, based on 2020 shutdown data, flare balancing); and
4 Planned shutddown (proposed, based on 2020 shutdown data but adjusted for no flare balancing).
Findings of this assessment can be summarised as follows
1 The emergency depressuring of HDS4 is an upset condition resulting in a worst-case emission scenario from
the North Flare.
a Even when combining this worst-case emission scenario with the worst-case meteorological scenario,
the ambient contributions from the North Flare do not result in exceedances of any pollutants at any
sensitive receptors, except for 1-hour average SO2 at Wentworth (baseline) and Ganges and Umlazi
(proposed).
b The depressuring curves show that the emission event peaks within 15 minutes. The likelihood of an
HDS4 depressuring event coinciding with the worst-case meteorological hour across the record for a
specific receptor is
3 A cumulative assessment combining ambient monitoring data with the model simulations was attempted.
a Due to significant gaps in the monitoring data, there are no cumulative results for PM10, NO2 or TVOC.
b Data was available in the Ganges monitoring record to assess cumulative concentrations at the time of
the Rank 1 24-hour and Rank 1 1-hour SO2 simulations. The cumulative concentrations exceed the
NAAQS under both scenarios. The conservatism in assessing the incidence of a planned shutdown during
worst-case meteorological conditions is highlighted. These results offer a worst-case scenario.
Importantly, the cumulative Rank 1 24-hour and 1-hour SO2 concentrations at Ganges decrease under
the proposed scenario.
4 Long term average scenarios could not be simulated, as this would require knowledge of the exact timing of
the flaring event/s in the meteorological record.
a However, there is no expected increase in flaring associated with the North Flare project, nor is it
expected that there will be an increased quantity of gas flared across the facility. The proposed project
will limit the requirements for flare balancing but not adjust the quantity of gas flared annually.
b As shown in the comparison of the results of Scenario 3 (planned shutdown baseline) and Scenario 4
(planned shutdown proposed), if the amount of flaring remains the same, one would expect a decrease in
long term SO2 averages over most of the model domain due to the increased height of the North Flare
stack.
In conclusion, this study shows the potential for short-term SO2 exceedances at sensitive receptors during
flaring incidents at SAPREF. However, these occur when combining a conservative emission scenario with worst-
case meteorological conditions. It is more likely than not that a planned shutdown will occur during
meteorological conditions that promote effective dispersion and will not result in ambient exceedances at
sensitive receptors. Importantly, the proposed increased height of the North Flare stack decreases the likelihood
of exceedances at sensitive receptors, due to increased dispersion of emissions before reaching ground level.
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF)
TABLE OF 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CONTENTS 1.1 Enterprise Details ............................................................ 1
2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 3
2.1 Minimum Emission Standards ......................................... 3
2.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards .......................... 6
2.3 Regulated Air Pollutants and Their Impacts .................... 7
3 NATURE OF THE PROCESS 9
3.1 Process Description ........................................................ 9
3.2 Unit Processes .............................................................. 10
3.3 Raw Materials and Products ......................................... 10
3.4 Atmospheric Emissions ................................................. 12
4 GEOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW 20
4.1 Location and Extent ....................................................... 20
4.2 Meteorology ................................................................... 21
4.3 Ambient Air Quality ........................................................ 26
5 DISPERSION MODELLING 34
5.1 Assessment Level and Proposed Model ....................... 34
5.2 Model Inputs .................................................................. 34
5.3 Model Scenarios ............................................................ 36
5.4 Model Outputs ............................................................... 36
6 EMISSIONS INVENTORY 38
6.1 Flare Energy Calculations ............................................. 38
6.2 Flare Emission Calculations .......................................... 39
6.3 Scenarios 1 and 2: Emergency HDS4 Depressuring .... 39
6.4 Scenarios 3 and 4: Planned shutdown .......................... 41
7 RESULTS 48
7.1 Scenarios 1 and 2: Emergency HDS4 Depressuring .... 48
7.2 Scenarios 3 and 4: Planned Shutdown ......................... 52
7.3 Cumulative Assessment ................................................ 57
7.4 Long-term Averages ...................................................... 57
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF)
8 ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS 59
9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 60
10 FORMAL DECLARATIONS 61
10.1 Declaration of accuracy of information .......................... 61
10.2 Declaration of independence......................................... 62
APPENDICES
A CONCENTRATION ISOPLETHS
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF)
TABLES
Table 1-1: Enterprise details ....................................................... 2
Table 1-2: Contact details ........................................................... 2
Table 2-1: Minimum Emission Standards for Subcategory 2.1 -
Combustion installations............................................ 4
Table 2-2: Minimum Emission Standards for Subcategory 2.2 -
Catalytic Cracking Units ............................................ 4
Table 2-3: Minimum Emission Standards for Subcategory 2.3 -
Sulphur Recovery Units ............................................. 4
Table 2-4: Minimum emission standards for Subcategory 2.4 -
Storage and handling of petroleum products ............. 5
Table 2-5: South African National Ambient Air Quality
Standards .................................................................. 6
Table 2-6: Air pollutants of concern and associated human
health impacts ........................................................... 7
Table 3-1: Unit processes at SAPREF ..................................... 10
Table 3-2: Raw material consumption ...................................... 10
Table 3-3: Production capacity ................................................. 11
Table 3-4: By-product capacity ................................................. 11
Table 3-5: Energy sources ....................................................... 11
Table 3-6: Stack parameters (from AEL) .................................. 12
Table 3-7: Maximum permitted emission rates (normal operating
conditions) ............................................................... 13
Table 3-8: Start-up, shutdown, upset and maintenance
conditions ................................................................ 16
Table 3-9: Abatement appliances ............................................. 17
Table 3-10: Area/line-source parameters (AEL) ......................... 18
Table 4-1: Plant location details................................................ 20
Table 4-2: Details of meteorological stations and dataset
recovery................................................................... 22
Table 4-3: Station information, data recovery and results
summary for the period January 2017 – December
2019 ........................................................................ 26
Table 4-4: Measured ambient PM10 for 2017, 2018 and 2019 .. 27
Table 4-5: Measured ambient NO2 for 2017, 2018 and 2019 ... 29
Table 4-6: Measured ambient SO2 for 2017, 2018 and 2019 ... 30
Table 5-1: Discrete receptor locations ...................................... 35
Table 6-1: H2S flare gas constituents ....................................... 38
Table 6-2: Hydrocarbon flare gas constituents ......................... 38
Table 6-3: Baseline HDS4 depressuring (15 minutes).............. 39
Table 6-4: Proposed HDS4 depressuring (15 minutes) ............ 40
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF)
Table 6-5: North Flare stack parameters .................................. 41
Table 6-6: Scenario 1 and 2 emissions - North flare................. 41
Table 6-7: Scenarios 3 and 4: Stack parameters...................... 42
Table 6-8: Scenario 3 and 4 emissions - planned shutdown .... 43
Table 6-9: Storage tank area dimensions and emission rates .. 45
Table 6-10: Reuse dam and effluent dam parameters and
emission rates ......................................................... 46
Table 6-11: Bitumen loading parameters and emission rates..... 46
Table 6-12: Diesel locomotive parameters and emission rates .. 46
Table 6-13: Emission factors for vehicle exhaust ....................... 47
Table 6-14: Emission factors for vehicle tyre, brake and road
surface wear ............................................................ 47
Table 6-15: Vehicular traffic emissions ....................................... 47
Table 6-16: Fugitive leak emission rates .................................... 47
Table 7-1: Baseline and proposed HDS4 emergency
depressuring to North Flare - Rank 1 PM10
concentrations predicted at discrete receptors ........ 50
Table 7-2: Baseline and proposed HDS4 emergency
depressuring to North Flare - Rank 1 NO2
concentrations predicted at discrete receptors ........ 50
Table 7-3: Baseline and proposed HDS4 emergency
depressuring to North Flare - Rank 1 SO2
concentrations predicted at discrete receptors ........ 51
Table 7-4: Baseline and proposed HDS4 emergency
depressuring to North Flare - Rank 1 TVOC
concentrations predicted at discrete receptors ........ 51
Table 7-5: Baseline and proposed planned shutdown - Rank 1
PM10 concentrations predicted at discrete receptors 54
Table 7-6: Baseline and proposed planned shutdown - Rank 1
NO2 concentrations predicted at discrete receptors 54
Table 7-7: Baseline and proposed planned shutdown - Rank 1
SO2 concentrations predicted at discrete receptors. 55
Table 7-8: Baseline and proposed planned shutdown – P99 SO2
concentrations predicted at discrete receptors ........ 55
Table 7-9: Baseline and proposed planned shutdown - Rank 1
TVOC concentrations predicted at discrete
receptors ................................................................. 56
Table 7-10: Cumulative PM10 concentrations ............................. 57
Table 7-11: Cumulative NO2 concentrations .............................. 57
Table 7-12: Cumulative TVOC concentrations ........................... 57
Table 7-13: Cumulative SO2 concentrations ............................... 58
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF)
FIGURES
Figure 4-1: Site location ............................................................. 21
Figure 4-2: Nocturnal air circulations in Durban (Preston-Whyte
and Diab, 1980) ....................................................... 22
Figure 4-3: Location of the Merebank and Athlone Park
meteorological stations ............................................ 23
Figure 4-4: Meteorological summary for Durban South, January
2017 – December 2019 ........................................... 24
Figure 4-5: Local wind conditions at South Durban ................... 25
Figure 4-6: Ambient air quality monitoring stations .................... 27
Figure 4-7: 24-hour PM10 concentrations measured at
Wentworth ............................................................... 28
Figure 4-8: 24-hour PM10 concentrations measured at Ganges 28
Figure 4-9: 24-hour PM10 concentrations measured at Settlers . 29
Figure 4-10: 1-hour NO2 concentrations measured at Ganges .... 30
Figure 4-11: 24-hour SO2 concentrations measured at
Wentworth ............................................................... 31
Figure 4-12: 1-hour SO2 concentrations measured at Wentworth 31
Figure 4-13: 24-hour SO2 concentrations measured at Ganges .. 32
Figure 4-14: 1-hour SO2 concentrations measured at Ganges .... 32
Figure 4-15: 24-hour SO2 concentrations measured at Settlers .. 33
Figure 4-16: 1-hour SO2 concentrations measured at Settlers .... 33
Figure 5-1: Sensitive receptors .................................................. 35
Figure 6-1: Location of area and line sources ............................ 44
Figure A-1: Scenario 1 (baseline emergency HDS4 depressuring)
- Rank 1 24-hour PM10 concentrations .................... 64
Figure A-2: Scenario 2 (proposed emergency HDS4
depressuring) - Rank 1 24-hour PM10
concentrations ......................................................... 65
Figure A-3: Scenario 1 (baseline emergency HDS4 depressuring)
- Rank 1 1-hour NO2 concentrations........................ 66
Figure A-4: Scenario 2 (proposed emergency HDS4
depressuring) - Rank 1 1-hour NO2 concentrations . 67
Figure A-5: Scenario 1 (baseline emergency HDS4 depressuring)
- Rank 1 24-hour SO2 concentrations ...................... 68
Figure A-6: Scenario 2 (proposed emergency HDS4
depressuring) - Rank 1 24-hour SO2 concentrations69
Figure A-7: Scenario 1 (baseline emergency HDS4 depressuring)
- Rank 1 1-hour SO2 concentrations ........................ 70
Figure A-8: Scenario 2 (proposed emergency HDS4
depressuring) - Rank 1 1-hour SO2 concentrations . 71
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF)Figure A-9: Scenario 1 (baseline emergency HDS4 depressuring)
- Rank 1 24-hour TVOC concentrations .................. 72
Figure A-10: Scenario 2 (proposed emergency HDS4
depressuring) - Rank 1 24-hour TVOC
concentrations ......................................................... 73
Figure A-11: Scenario 3 (baseline planned shutdown) and
Scenario 4 (proposed planned shutdown) - Rank 1
24-hour PM10 concentrations ................................... 74
Figure A-12: Scenario 3 (baseline planned shutdown) and
Scenario 4 (proposed planned shutdown) - Rank 1 1-
hour NO2 concentrations ......................................... 75
Figure A-13: Scenario 3 (baseline planned shutdown) and
Scenario 4 (proposed planned shutdown) - Rank 1
24-hour SO2 concentrations .................................... 76
Figure A-14: Scenario 3 (baseline planned shutdown) and
Scenario 4 (proposed planned shutdown) - Rank 1 1-
hour SO2 concentrations ......................................... 77
Figure A-15: Scenario 3 (baseline planned shutdown) and
Scenario 4 (proposed planned shutdown) - Rank 1
24-hour TVOC concentrations ................................. 78
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF)1 INTRODUCTION
South African Petroleum Refineries (SAPREF), a joint venture between Shell SA Refining and BP Southern
Africa, is the largest crude oil refinery in Southern Africa with 35% of South Africa’s refining capacity. SAPREF
is located in South Durban on the east coast of South Africa. SAPREF currently balances any flaring that may be
required (i.e. during emergency depressuring, shutdown and start-up situations) between their North and South
Flares. With the relief created by the recent Hydrogen Desulphurisation unit upgrade (HDS4), the North Flare is
now able to operate without exceeding the design capacity. However, should the balancing line between the North
and South flares not be available in the future, the North Flare will have insufficient capacity to handle the full
load. As such, SAPREF propose to upgrade the North Flare to sufficiently manage such a scenario. In order to
remain within American Petroleum Institute (API) standards1, this will require a height increase of 17 m for the
North Flare stack.
SAPREF’s processes trigger the following listed activities under Government Notice 893 of 20132, promulgated
in line with Section 21 of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004 (NEM:AQA)3:
— Subcategory 2.1: Combustion Installations;
— Subcategory 2.2: Catalytic Cracking Units;
— Subcategory 2.3: Sulphur Recovery Units; and
— Subcategory 2.4: Storage and Handling of Petroleum Products.
An Atmospheric Emissions License (AEL) amendment is required to reflect the increased flare capacity and
increased stack height, requiring an Atmospheric Impact Report (AIR) in support of this application. WSP
Environmental (Pty) Ltd (WSP) were appointed to compile the AIR, assessing the ambient air quality impacts of
the proposed North Flare upgrade.
1.1 ENTERPRISE DETAILS
The details of the SAPREF facility are provided in Table 1-1, with the details of the responsible contact persons
presented in Table 1-2.
1
API is a leader in the development of petroleum and petrochemical equipment and operating standards covering a range of topics including
environmental protection. These embrace proven, sound engineering and operating practices and safe, interchangeable equipment and
materials. Many have been adopted by ISO as international best practice (URL: www.api.org).
2
Department of Environmental Affairs: (2013): List of Activities which result in Atmospheric Emissions which have or may have a significant
detrimental effect on the environment, including health, social conditions, economic conditions, ecological conditions or cultural heritage (No. R.
893), Government Gazette, 22 November 2013, (No. 37054), as amended by GN 551 in 2015 and GN 1207 in 2018.
3 South Africa (2005): National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (No. R. 39 of 2004) Government Gazette, 24 February 2005 (No.
27318)
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) Page 1Table 1-1: Enterprise details
Enterprise Name Shell and BP South African Petroleum Refineries (Pty) Ltd
Trading as Shell and BP South African Petroleum Refineries (Pty) Ltd
Type of Enterprise, e.g. Company/Close
Company
Corporation/Trust
Company/Close Corporation/Trust Registration
1960000007/07
Number (Registration Numbers if Joint Venture)
Registered Address 1 Refinery Road Prospection Durban 4110
Postal Address P.O. Box 26312, Isipingo Beach, 4115
Telephone Number (General) (031) 480 1911
Fax Number (General) (031) 480 1422
Industry Type/Nature of Trade Petroleum Refineries
Land Use Zoning as per Town Planning Scheme Industrial
Land Use Rights if outside Town Planning
N/A
Scheme
Table 1-2: Contact details
Responsible Person Victor Bester
Emission Control Officer Melanie Francis
Telephone Number (031) 480 1293
Cell Phone Number 082 556 1609
Fax Number (031) 468 1400
E-mail Address francim@sapref.com
After Hours Contact Details (031) 480 1221 / 080 033 0090
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) Page 22 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Until 2004, South Africa’s approach to air pollution control was driven by the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention
Act 45 of 1965 (APPA) which was repealed with the promulgation of National Environmental Management: Air
Quality Act 39 of 2004 (NEM:AQA)4. NEM:AQA represents a shift in South Africa’s approach to air quality
management, from source-based control to integrated effects-based management. The objectives of NEM:AQA
are to:
— Protect the environment by providing reasonable measures for:
The protection and enhancement of air quality;
The prevention of air pollution and ecological degradation;
Securing ecologically sustainable development while promoting justifiable economic and social
development; and
Give effect to everyone’s right “to an environment that is not harmful to their health and well-being”5
Significant functions detailed in NEM:AQA include:
— The National Framework for Air Quality Management6;
— Institutional planning matters, including:
The establishment of a National Air Quality Advisory Committee;
The appointment of Air Quality Officers (AQOs) at each level of government; and
The development, implementation and reporting of Air Quality Management Plans (AQMP) at national,
provincial and municipal levels;
— Air quality management measures including:
The declaration of Priority Areas where ambient air quality standards are being, or may be, exceeded;
The listing of activities that result in atmospheric emissions and which have the potential to impact
negatively on the environment and the licensing thereof through an AEL;
The declaration of Controlled Emitters;
The declaration of Controlled Fuels;
Procedures to enforce Pollution Prevention Plans or Atmospheric Impact Reporting for the control and
inventory of atmospheric pollutants of concern; and
Requirements for addressing dust and offensive odours.
2.1 MINIMUM EMISSION STANDARDS
The SAPREF AEL was renewed (AEL Reference: AEL003/S3) on 1 April 2017 and is valid until 31 March 2022.
SAPREF’s processes trigger the following listed activities under Government Notice 893 of 20137 with associated
Minimum Emission Standards (MES) presented in Table 2-1 to Table 2-4:
— Subcategory 2.1: Combustion Installations;
— Subcategory 2.2: Catalytic Cracking Units;
— Subcategory 2.3: Sulphur Recovery Units; and
— Subcategory 2.4: Storage and Handling of Petroleum Products.
4 South Africa (2005): National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (No. R. 39 of 2004) Government Gazette, 24 February 2005 (No.
27318)
5 South Africa (1996): Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (No. 108 of 1996)
6 Department of Environmental Affairs (2018): The 2017 National Framework for Air Quality Management in the Republic of South Africa (No.R.1144
of 2018) Government Gazette, 26 October 2018 (No. 41996)
7
Department of Environmental Affairs: (2013): List of Activities which result in Atmospheric Emissions which have or may have a significant
detrimental effect on the environment, including health, social conditions, economic conditions, ecological conditions or cultural heritage (No. R.
893), Government Gazette, 22 November 2013, (No. 37054), as amended by GN 551 in 2015 and GN 1207 in 2018.
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) Page 3Table 2-1: Minimum Emission Standards for Subcategory 2.1 - Combustion installations
Combustion installations not used primarily for steam raising or electricity generation (furnaces or
Description
heaters).
Applications All refinery furnaces and heaters
Substance or mixture of substances mg/Nm3 under normal conditions of 10%
Plant status
Common name Chemical symbol O2, 273 Kelvin and 101.3 kPa
New 70
Particulate matter N/A
Existing 120
New 400
Oxides of nitrogen NOx expressed as NO2
Existing 1700
New 1000
Sulphur dioxide SO2
Existing 1700
The following special arrangements shall apply:
(i) No continuous flaring of hydrogen sulphide-rich gases shall be allowed.
(ii) A bubble cap of all Combustion Installations and Catalytic Cracking Units Shall be at 1.2 Kg SO2/ton for existing plants.
(iii) A bubble cap of all Combustion Installations and Catalytic Cracking Units Shall be at 0.4 Kg SO2/ton for new plants.
Table 2-2: Minimum Emission Standards for Subcategory 2.2 - Catalytic Cracking Units
Description Refinery catalytic cracking units
Applications All installations
Substance or mixture of substances mg/Nm3 under normal conditions of 10%
Plant status
Common name Chemical symbol O2, 273 Kelvin and 101.3 kPa
New 100
Particulate matter N/A
Existing 120
New 400
Oxides of nitrogen NOx expressed as NO2
Existing 550
New 1500
Sulphur dioxide SO2
Existing 3000
The following special arrangements shall apply:
(i) A bubble cap of all Combustion Installations and Catalytic Cracking Units Shall be at 1.2 Kg SO2/ton for existing plants.
(ii) A bubble cap of all Combustion Installations and Catalytic Cracking Units Shall be at 0.4 Kg SO2/ton for new plants.
Table 2-3: Minimum Emission Standards for Subcategory 2.3 - Sulphur Recovery Units
Description Sulphur Recovery Units
Applications All installations
Substance or mixture of substances mg/Nm3 under normal conditions of 10%
Plant status
Common name Chemical symbol O2, 273 Kelvin and 101.3 kPa
New a
Hydrogen Sulphide H2S
Existing a
(a) The following special arrangements shall apply:
Sulphur recovery units should achieve 95% recovery efficiency and availability of 99%.
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) Page 4Table 2-4: Minimum emission standards for Subcategory 2.4 - Storage and handling of petroleum
products
(A) The following transitional arrangement shall apply for the storage and handling of raw materials, intermediate and final
products with a vapour pressure greater than 14kpa at operating temperature:
— Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) program approved by licensing authority to be instituted by 01 January 2014.
(B) The following special arrangements shall apply for control of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCS) from storage or raw
materials, intermediate and final products with a vapour pressure of up to 14kpa at operating temperature, except during
loading and offloading. (alternative control measures that can achieve the same or better results may be used) –
(i) Storage vessels for liquids shall be of the following type:
All permanent immobile liquid storage facilities at a
Application single site with a combined storage capacity of greater
than 1000 cubic meters.
True vapour pressure of contents at product storage temperature Type of tank or vessel
Fixed-roof tank vented to atmosphere, or as per type 2 and
Type 1: Up to 14 kPa
3
Type 2: Above 14 kPa and up to 91 kPa with a throughput of less Fixed-roof tank Pressure Vacuum Vents fitted as a
than 50 000 m3 per annum minimum, to prevent “breathing” losses, or as per type 3
a) External floating-roof tank with primary rim seal and
secondary rim seal for tank with a diameter greater
Type 3: Above 14kPa and up to 91 kPa with a throughput greater than 20m, or
than 50 000 m3 per annum b) Fixed-roof tank with internal floating deck / roof fitted
with primary seal, or
c) Fixed-roof tank with vapour recovery system.
Type 4: Above 91 kPa Pressure vessel
(ii) The roof legs, slotted pipes and/or dipping well on floating roof tanks (except for domed floating roof tanks or internal
floating roof tanks) shall have sleeves fitted to minimise emissions.
(iii) Relief valves on pressurised storage should undergo periodic checks for internal leaks. This can be carried out using
portable acoustic monitors or if venting to atmosphere with an accessible open end tested with a hydrocarbon analyser
as part of an LDAR program.
(C) The following special arrangements shall apply for control of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) from the loading
and unloading (excluding ships) of raw materials, intermediate and final products with a vapour pressure of greater than
14kPa at handling temperature. Alternative control measures that can achieve the same or better results may be used:
(i) All installations with a throughput of greater than 50 000m3 per annum of products with a vapour pressure greater than
14 kPa, must be fitted with vapour recovery / destruction units. Emission limits are set out in the table below -
Description Vapour recovery units
Applications All loading/offloading facilities with a throughput greater than 50 000 m3
Substance or mixture of substances
Plant mg/Nm3 under normal conditions of 273
Common name status Kelvin and 101.3 kPa
Chemical symbol
Total volatile organic compounds from New 150
vapour recovery / destruction units using N/A
thermal treatment. Existing 150
Total volatile organic compounds from New 40 000
vapour recovery / destruction units using N/A
non-thermal treatment. Existing 40 000
(ii) For road tanker and rail car loading / offloading facilities where the throughput is less than 50 000 m3 per annum, and
where the ambient air quality is, or is likely to be impacted, all liquid products shall be loaded using bottom loading, or
equivalent, with the venting pipe connected to a vapour balancing system. Where vapour balancing and / or bottom
loading is not possible, a vapour recovery system utilizing adsorption, absorption, condensation or incineration of the
remaining VOC’s, with a collection efficiency of at least 95%, shall be fitted.
ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP
Project No. 41102753 January 2021
SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) Page 52.2 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Ambient air quality standards are defined as “targets for air quality management which establish the permissible
concentration of a particular substance in, or property of, discharges to air, based on what a particular receiving
environment can tolerate without significant deterioration”8. The aim of these standards is to provide a benchmark
for air quality management and governance. South Africa’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
are based primarily on guidance offered by two standards set by the South African National Standards (SANS):
— SANS 69:2004 Framework for implementing National Ambient Air Quality Standards; and
— SANS 1929:2005 Ambient air quality – Limits for common pollutants.
SANS 69:2004 makes provision for the establishment of air quality objectives for the protection of human health
and the environment as a whole. Such air quality objectives include limit values, alert thresholds and target values.
SANS 1929:2005 uses the provisions in SANS 69:2004 to establish air quality objectives for the protection of
human health and the environment, and stipulates that limit values are initially set to protect human health. The
setting of such limit values represents the first step in a process to manage air quality and initiate a process to
ultimately achieve acceptable air quality nationally.
The NAAQS presented in Table 2-5 became applicable for air quality management from their promulgation in
20099 and 201210. The NAAQS generally have specific averaging periods, compliance timeframes, permissible
frequencies of exceedance and measurement reference methods.
Table 2-5: South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Permissible Frequency
Pollutant Averaging Period Concentration (µg/m3)
of Exceedance
24 hours 75 4
Particulate Matter (PM10)
1 year 40 0
40 4
24 hour
a
25 4
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
20 0
1 year
a
15 0
Benzene (C6H6) 1 year 5 0
10 minutes 500 526
1 hour 350 88
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
24 hours 125 4
1 year 50 0
1 hour 200 88
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
1 year 40 0
1 hour 30000 88
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
8 hour 10000 11
Ozone (O3) 8 hour 120 11
Lead (Pb) 1 year 0.5 0
a: Effective date is 01 January 2030
8 Department of Environmental Affairs (2000): Integrated Pollution and Waste Management Policy for South Africa. Government Gazette (No. R
227 of 2000), 17 March 2000 (No. 20978)
9
Department of Environmental Affairs (2009): National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Government Gazette (No. R 1210 of 2009), 24 December
2009 (No. 32816)
10
Department of Environmental Affairs (2012): National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Particulate Matter with Aerodynamic Diameter less than
2.5 Micro Metres (PM2.5). Government Gazette (No. R 486 of 2012), 29 June 2012 (No. 35463)
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The composition of air pollutant mixtures, pollutant concentrations, duration of exposure and other susceptibility
factors (e.g. age, nutritional status and predisposing conditions) can lead to diverse impacts on human health.
Health effects can range from nausea and skin irritation to cancer and mortality11 (Table 2-6). High risk
individuals include the elderly, people with pre-existing heart or lung disease, pregnant women, asthmatics and
children.
Table 2-6: Air pollutants of concern and associated human health impacts
Pollutant Description Health effects
Sulphur SO2 originates from the combustion of sulphur-rich fuels (principally coal — Nose and throat
dioxide (SO2) and heavy oils) and the smelting of sulphur containing ores12. Health irritation;
effects associated with exposure to SO2 are associated with the — Bronchoconstriction and
dyspnoea; and
respiratory system13.
— Reduced lung function in
sensitive individuals.
Nitrogen Nitric Oxide is a primary pollutant emitted from combustion processes — Nose and throat
dioxide including stationary sources (e.g. heating, power generation, etc.) and irritation;
(NO2) from motor vehicles. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is formed through the — Bronchoconstriction and
dyspnoea;
oxidation of nitric oxide. Oxidation of NO by O3 occurs rapidly, even at
— Asthma;
low levels of reactants present in the atmosphere. NOx contributes to the — Bronchitis;
formation of tropospheric ozone, an important atmospheric oxidant, a — Reduced lung function
respiratory irritant and a greenhouse gas14. and tissue damage in
sensitive individuals;
— Emphysema; and
— Premature death
Ozone (O3) Ozone in the atmosphere is a secondary pollutant formed through a — Reduced lung function;
complex series of photochemical reactions between NO2 and VOCs in — Inflammation of the
the presence of sunlight. Sources of these precursor pollutants include lungs;
— Pulmonary function
motor vehicles and industries. Atmospheric background concentrations
decrements;
are derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural — Asthma; and
concentrations of O3 vary with altitude and seasonal variations (i.e. — Exacerbated pre-existing
summer conditions favour O3 formation due to increased insolation). lung conditions
Ozone is a powerful oxidant and can react with a wide range of cellular
components and biological materials15.
Particulate Particles can be classified by their aerodynamic properties into coarse — Increase in lower
matter particles, PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less respiratory symptoms;
(PM10 & PM2.5) than 10 μm) and fine particles, PM2.5 (particulate matter with an — Reduced lung function;
aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm)16. — Inflammation of the
lungs;
Particulate air pollution affects the respiratory system17. Particle size is — Angina;
important for health because it controls how far into the respiratory — Myocardial infraction;
system particles are able to permeate. Fine particles have been found to — Bronchitis; and
be more damaging to human health than coarse particles as larger — Mortality
particles are less respirable in that they do not pass from the lungs into
the bloodstream18.
Carbon CO is one of the most common and widely distributed air pollutants. CO — Headaches;
monoxide (CO) is a tasteless, odourless and colourless gas which has a low solubility in — Nausea and vomiting;
water. In the human body, after reaching the lungs it diffuses rapidly — Muscle weakness;
across the alveolar and capillary membranes and binds reversibly with — Shortness of breath;
haemoglobin, reducing the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood leading — Impaired cognitive
ability;
11
Kampa, M. and Castanas, E. (2007): Human health effects of air pollution, Environmental Pollution 151 (2008) 362-367, Elsevier
12
Kampa, M. and Castanas, E. (2007): Human health effects of air pollution, Environmental Pollution 151 (2008) 362-367, Elsevier
13
Maroni, M., Seifert, B., Lindvall, T., (1995): Indoor air quality – a comprehensive reference book, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
14
World Health Organization (2000): Air Quality Guidelines for Europe (2nd edition), Copenhagen, Denmark. (WHO Regional Publications, European
Series, No 91)
15
World Health Organization (2000): Air Quality Guidelines for Europe (2nd edition), Copenhagen, Denmark. (WHO Regional Publications, European
Series, No 91)
16
Harrison, R.M. and R.E. van Grieken, (1998): Atmospheric Aerosols. John Wiley: Great Britain
17
World Health Organization (2000): Air Quality Guidelines for Europe (2nd edition), Copenhagen, Denmark. (WHO Regional Publications, European
Series, No 91)
18
Manahan, E. (1991): Environmental Chemistry.
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SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) Page 7Pollutant Description Health effects
to hypoxia as vital organs (particularly the brain and heart) are starved of — Impaired coordination
oxygen. High risk individuals include persons with pre-existing and reflex responses;
cardiovascular diseases, pregnant women and infants19. — Haematological
problems;
Anthropogenic emissions of CO originate from the incomplete — Unconsciousness; and
combustion of carbonaceous materials. The largest proportion of these — Mortality.
emissions is produced from exhausts of internal combustion engines, in
particular petrol vehicles. Other sources include industrial processes,
coal power plants and waste incinerators. Ambient CO concentrations in
urban areas depend on the density of vehicles and are influenced by
topography and weather conditions20.
Lead (Pb) Lead is a naturally occurring heavy metal that is found in the earth’s crust. — Muscle pain;
Lead can be released into the atmosphere through volcanic eruptions, — Abdominal pain;
sea spray and bushfires. Ore mining and metal processing are the largest — Headaches;
— Nausea and Vomiting;
anthropogenic sources of lead emissions21.
— Seizures;
Leaded petrol was once a significant source of lead in urban areas, — Coma;
however, as a result of national legislation, lead has been phased out of — Learning disabilities;
— Impaired coordination;
petrol and significant reductions in airborne lead have been achieved.
— Increased blood
pressure;
— Anaemia;
— Neuropathies:
— Memory disturbances;
— Sleep disorders;
— Anger;
— Fatigue;
— Tremors;
— Blurred vision;
— Miscarriage; and
— Premature delivery or
stillbirth.
Benzene Benzene is a colourless liquid with an aromatic odour. Crude oil is the — Drowsiness;
(C6H6) largest natural source of benzene. Benzene is used in many products, — Dizziness;
including plastics, synthetic rubber, glues, paints, furniture wax, — Headaches;
— Irritation of the eyes, skin
lubricants, dyes, detergents, pesticides and some pharmaceuticals.
and respiratory tract;
Benzene is emitted from motor engines, wood combustion and stationary — Visual disorders;
fossil fuel combustion. The major source is exhaust emissions and — Fatigue;
— Impaired coordination;
evaporation losses from motor vehicles, and evaporation losses during
— Haematological
the handling, distribution and storage of petrol22. problems;
— Adverse foetal
development;
— Cancer; and
— Mortality
Total Volatile TVOC refers to a class of several hundred carbon based chemical — Eye, nose and throat
Organic compounds that easily vaporize from the solid or liquid phase into a gas. irritation;
Compounds Some VOCs have little to no known human health effects while others — Headaches;
— Nausea;
(TVOC) are extremely toxic and potentially carcinogenic. Little is known about
— Dizziness;
how VOCs combine in the atmosphere or what the potential cumulative — Fatigue;
impacts might be on the human body, making analysis, risk assessment — Dermal irritation;
and guideline setting for these collective compounds exceptionally — Damage to the kidneys,
difficult. liver and central nervous
system;
— Loss of coordination;
— Cancer; and
— Mortality.
19
Kampa, M., and Castanas, E. (2007): Human health effects of air pollution, Environmental Pollution 151 (2008) 362-367, Elsevier
20
Rudolf, W. (1994): Concentration of air pollutants inside cars driving on highways and in downtown areas. Science of the Total Environment, 146,
pp 433-444.
21
The Australian Government (date unknown): Lead (www.environment.gov.au)
22
USEPA (2012): Health effects of Hazardous Air Pollutants – Benzene (www.epa.gov/airtoxics)
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SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) Page 83 NATURE OF THE PROCESS 3.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION SAPREF's core business activity is petroleum refining, i.e. processing crude oil into refined products. The process facilities are operated on a continuous basis, except for some batch operations for specialty products. The main process operations involved are: — Crude receipt, storage and handling; — Crude oil distillation; — Middle distillate conversion process; — Residue upgrading; — Component and product treatment; and — Product blending, storage and dispatch. Crude oil feed stocks are imported in large ships and discharged via the Single Buoy Mooring (SBM) located off Isipingo Beach. These feed stocks are stored in above ground tanks prior to processing in the refinery. Processes include crude distillation, thermal cracking, fluidized catalytic cracking, platformate production, hydrofluoric acid processing, hydrodesulphurisation, hydrotreatment, isomerisation and sulphur recovery. The Main Processes Crude Distiller physically separates (fractionates) the crude fractions with different boiling points, such as refinery gas, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), naphtha, kerosene, gas oil and long residue. The Thermal Cracker Unit (Visbreaker) is designed to process short residue or propane asphalt. Short residue is obtained from crude distillers. In addition, the unit is designed to split light cycle oil (LCO) from the catalytic cracking unit. Visbreaking (i.e. viscosity reduction or breaking) reduces the viscosity of residue substantially, thereby lessening the diluent requirements and the amount of fuel oil produced in a refinery. The Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) converts waxy distillate feed into lighter, saleable products (e.g. LPG and high-octane gasoline and distillate fuel), using a zeolite-based catalyst. The Platformer Unit changes the structure of stabilized hydro treated naphtha into stabilized high-octane product called platformate, used for blending, and hydrogen, used by the Hydrodesulphuriser (HDS), Hydrotreater (HDT) and isomerization units. It works by passing a mixture of hydrogen and naphtha vapor over the platinum catalyst at high temperature. The products are then cooled and separated. The Hydrofluoric Acid Process combines olefins (propylene, butylene, or pentene) with isobutane in the presence of the hydrofluoric acid catalyst to yield a product in the gasoline boiling range. Hydrocarbons, which are too light and too volatile to use in gasoline, are chemically combined to yield a gasoline-boiling range material called alkylate, with high octane number and no sulphur content. Alkylate produced on this unit is used in premium quality motor fuel blending. The sources of olefins that are processed in this unit are from the refinery cracking processes. The Hydrodesulphurisation (HDS) and Hydrotreating (HDT) units process hydrocarbons in the gasoline, kerosene or gasoil boiling ranges to produce desulphurised product. Desulphurization is achieved by passing the hydrocarbon over a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure, the sulphur removed from the hydrocarbon stream is converted to hydrogen sulphide, which is routed via the acid gas removal processes to the Sulphur Recovery Processes (SRP). SAPREF has in total 6 HDS and 6 HDT units. The Isomerisation unit takes a feed of hydrocarbons in the light gasoline fraction, and in presence of hydrogen and a platinum catalyst at elevated temperatures, changes the structures of the hydrocarbon molecules to yield a product of significantly increased octane number, for use in gasoline blending. The SAPREF unit has a downstream splitter unit, which separates the isomerized material into three fractions; the lower octane fraction is recycled to the isomerization unit to achieve further octane improvement. The off-gases from the regenerators of the acid gas removal processes and from the sour water strippers are sent to two Sulphur Recovery Units (SRU), where sulphur is recovered and toxic gases such as ammonia are destroyed. The sulphur recovery efficiency of the two SRUs is about 95 - 97%. The two SRUs are lined to a Shell Claus Offgas Treatment (SCOT) unit. In the SCOT all the SO2 in the SRUs tail gas is reduced with hydrogen to ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT REPORT WSP Project No. 41102753 January 2021 SHELL AND BP SOUTH AFRICA PETROLEUM REFINERIES (SAPREF) Page 9
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and water in the presence of a catalyst. H2S is then recycled back to the SRU for more
sulphur recovery. This offers more than 99.8% removal efficiency of the sulphur in the SRU feed. Other
undesirable compounds in the SRU tail gas are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon disulphide (CS2). These are
converted in carbon dioxide (CO2), H2S and water (H2O).
There are nine operational Lube Oil Units in the Lube Oil Plant that formulate a range of lubricant products.
Finished products are dispatched from the refinery via road, rail and pipelines to the Island View Storage (IVS)
depot.
3.2 UNIT PROCESSES
Details of each unit process and function is presented in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Unit processes at SAPREF
Unit Process Unit Process Function Batch or Continuous
Crude Distillation including Separation of the crude into naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil,
Continuous
Solvents and TCS heavy gas oil and long residue fractions.
A catalytic reformer using a platinum-based catalyst to increase
Catalytic Reforming Continuous
the octane number in naphtha stream to produce petrol.
Use of a platinum-based catalyst to increase the octane
Isomerization Continuous
number in light naphtha stream to produce petrol.
Processing of short residue and asphalt propane under
Thermal Cracking Continuous
high temperature conditions.
Use catalyst to convert waxy distillate feed into saleable products,
Catalytic Cracking Continuous
including blending and bituminous products.
Hydrofluoric acid is used as catalyst to combine light and volatile
hydrocarbons such as propylene and butylene with isobutene to
HF Alkylation Continuous
produce alkylate. The alkylate is used in premium quality
motor fuel.
Hydrodesulphurization / Reduces sulphur content of gasoline, kerosene or gasoil
Continuous
Hydro treating fraction hydrocarbons.
Recover sulphur as a product to clean up sulphur rich refinery
Sulphur Recovery Continuous
waste gas streams.
Gas recovery &treatment Propylene splitters and light end recovery. Continuous
Utilities Boilers Steam generation and associated facilities. Continuous
Utilities Cooling Water Standard cooling water systems. Continuous
Lube Production Formulation of lubricants. Continuous
Crude Oil Storage Tanks Storage of crude oil before processing. Continuous
Product Storage Tank storage of intermediate and finished products. Continuous
Loading Facility Loading of finished product (LPG, bitumen and solvents). Continuous
3.3 RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
Maximum permitted raw material consumption rates are presented in Table 3-2.
Table 3-2: Raw material consumption
Raw Material Maximum Permitted Consumption Rate Units (Quantity/Period)
Crude Oil 180,000 Barrels/day
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Table 3-3: Production capacity
Product Maximum Permitted Production Capacity Units (Quantity/Period)
MOG (Petrol) 9,900 kT/day
Solvents 700 kT/day
MMFO (Marine Fuel Oil) 7,858 kT/day
AGO (Gas oil, Diesel) 9,047 kT/day
Lube base oils 2,000 kT/day
DPK (Dual Purpose Kerosene) 3,508 kT/day
Bitumen 900 kT/day
Liquid Petroleum Gas 468 kT/day
Maximum permitted by-product capacity is presented in Table 3-4.
Table 3-4: By-product capacity
By-product Maximum Permitted Production Capacity Units (Quantity/Period)
Sulphur 282 T/day
Energy sources and consumption rates are presented in Table 3-5.
Table 3-5: Energy sources
Product Consumption rate Units (Quantity/Period)
Electricity 31,205 MWh/month
Refinery gas 1,070 T/day
Methane rich gas 200 T/day
Liquid fuel oil 205 T/day
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3.4.1 POINT SOURCE PARAMETERS
Point source parameters as per the AEL are provided in Table 3-6.
Table 3-6: Stack parameters (from AEL)
Height
Height
above Stack Act. Gas Act. Gas
Point source Point source Latitude Longitude above Act. Gas Vel. Emission Continuous/
nearby Diameter Exit Temp. Vol. Flow
code name (ºS) (ºE) Ground (m/s) Hours batch
Building (m) (˚C) (m3/hr)
(m)
(m)
SV0001 (P10) SV-F3273 -29.9773 30.9654 30 20 2.19 187 146382 11 24 Intermittent
SV0003 (P2) SV-Visbreaker -29.9763 30.9649 100 90 2.15 305 207090 10 24 Intermittent
SV0004 (P3) SV-CD2 -29.9749 30.9660 100 90 4.5 310 240991 9 24 Continuous
SV0005 (P4) SV-FCCU -29.9736 30.9671 100 90 3.3 295 51788 10 24 Continuous
SV0006 (P6) SV-Platformer -29.9720 30.9688 100 90 2.45 235 415941 6.3 24 Continuous
SV0007 (P7) SV-Lubes -29.9679 30.9717 100 90 1.9 260 71544 16 24 Continuous
SV0008 (P8) SV-Penex -29.9726 30.9682 100 90 1.9 167 51064 5 24 Continuous
SV0009 (P9) SV-F4501 -29.9762 30.9635 19.25 10 0.5 462 8950 10 24 Continuous
Not in
SV0010 (P5)23 SV-Bitumen -29.9727 30.9680 100 90 2.45 Not in use Not in use Not in use Not in use
use
23
Stack has not been operational since 2012
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Maximum permitted emission rates for point sources are presented in Table 3-7.
Table 3-7: Maximum permitted emission rates (normal operating conditions)
Maximum
Point source Reporting group / Pollutant Date to be Averaging Duration of
Point source name AEL sub-category Release Rate
codes Emission unit Name Achieved By Period Emissions
(mg/Nm3)
1700 Immediate
SO2 Daily Continuous
1000 1 April 2020
SV-F3273 120 Immediate
SV0001 (P10) Subcategory 2.1 EU 0001 PM Daily Continuous
(F3273) 70 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
NOx Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
Visbreaker SO2 Daily Continuous
RG00037 1000 1 April 2020
(F80001B; F80001C; 120 Immediate
F7101B; F8401; Subcategory 2.1 EU0027; EU0183; PM Daily Continuous
F8402; F8403; EU0184; EU0192 to 70 1 April 2020
SV0003 (P2)
F8404;F8001A; EU0196 1700 Immediate
F8601) NOx Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
Visbreaker
Subcategory 2.3 EU0008 H2S a24 Immediate Daily Continuous
(SRU4)
1700 Immediate
SO2 Continuous
SV-CD2 RG 0083 1000 1 April 2020 Daily
(F8502; F850; F8504; EU0029; EU0030; 120 Immediate
SV0004 (P3) Subcategory 2.1 PM Continuous
F7101A; F7201; EU0031; EU0032; 70 1 April 2020 Daily
F7202; F7401;F7701; EU0033; EU0034;
F8501) EU0197 to EU0199 1700 Immediate
NOx Continuous
400 1 April 2020 Daily
24
Sulphur recovery units should achieve 95% recovery efficiency and availability of 99%.
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Point source Reporting group / Pollutant Date to be Averaging Duration of
Point source name AEL sub-category Release Rate
codes Emission unit Name Achieved By Period Emissions
(mg/Nm3)
SV-CD2
Subcategory 2.3 EU0201 H2S a25 Immediate Daily Continuous
(SRU3)
1700 Immediate
SO2 Continuous
1000 1 April 2020 Daily
RG0039
SV-FCCU 120 Immediate
Subcategory 2.1 EU0004; EU0005; PM Daily Continuous
(F3263; F6501) EU0035; EU0003; 70 1 April 2020
EU0186; 1700 Immediate
NOx Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
SV0005 (P4)
SO2 3000 Immediate Daily Continuous
1500 1 April 2020
SV-FCCU PM 120 Immediate Daily Continuous
Subcategory 2.2
(F802) 100 1 April 2020
NOx 550 Immediate Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
SO2 Daily Continuous
1000 1 April 2020
SV- Platformer RG0040
SV0006 (P6) 120 Immediate
Subcategory 2.1 PM Daily Continuous
(F301; F302; F304; EU0038; EU0039; 70 1 April 2020
F305) EU0040; EU0187
1700 Immediate
NOx Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
SV-Lubes/NZ RG0042 SO2 Daily Continuous
1000 1 April 2020
SV0007 (P7)
(F4001; F4101; Subcategory 2.1 EU0043; EU0044; 120 Immediate
F4701;4901) EU0045; EU0046 PM Daily Continuous
70 1 April 2020
25
Sulphur recovery units should achieve 95% recovery efficiency and availability of 99%.
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Point source Reporting group / Pollutant Date to be Averaging Duration of
Point source name AEL sub-category Release Rate
codes Emission unit Name Achieved By Period Emissions
(mg/Nm3)
1700 Immediate
NOx Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
SO2 Daily Continuous
1000 1 April 2020
SV- Penex RG0041 120 Immediate
Subcategory 2.1
SV0008 (P8) PM Daily Continuous
(F501; F503) EU0041; EU0042; 70 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
NOx Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
SO2 Daily Continuous
1000 1 April 2020
SV-F4501 120 Immediate
PM Daily Continuous
SV0009 (P9) EU0047 70 1 April 2020
Subcategory 2.1
(F4501)
1700 Immediate
NOx Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
SO2 Daily Continuous
1000 1 April 2020
SV-Bitumen 120 Immediate
SV0010 (P5)
Subcategory 2.1 EU0037 PM Daily Continuous
(F802) 70 1 April 2020
1700 Immediate
NOx Daily Continuous
400 1 April 2020
HCR Flares
P11; P12; P13 N/A EU0207; EU0208 Subject to the conditions listed in section 7.4 of AEL
(South HRC; North
HRC and South HSR)
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