ACTIVITY PACK Level 2 - Stories in a bag
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To the Teachers Theatrical Overview From an artistic, performative perspective, DINOSAURS is a powerful play. It combines high tension, release and humour in a careful tailor-made manner. Moments of thrill and tremor are counterbalanced by gags and slapsticks, both physical and verbal. Instances of sound and silence also help convey a Jurassic environment. Values A sense of belonging to a group; equity and respect for others: The right to be accepted, valued and taken into account. We are all worthwhile. Limits foster respect and harmony. Moral: Stick together and don’t hush if you witness ill-treatment Brief of the Plot There is an explorer who travels through time. She is looking for a special dinosaur that nobody has described so far: the fiercest and cruellest ever: Feedosaur. She arrives in the Mesozoic Era. She looks and explores. She meets Acrosaur, an agile an athletic dinosaur that is looking for food. It is very fast and snatches everything at hand. There is a moment in the play in which it is revealed that Acrosaur collects food for its nest. Every now and then, Feedosaur appears. This dominant dinosaur seems to be the lord of the land. It is greedy and oppressive. The other dinosaurs are hungry, but submit to its power. 2
The explorer collects data. She feels enthusiastic but very scared at the same time. She thinks that if she finds out what Feedosaur is afraid of, she will be able to beat it. Several scenes take place, which display Feedosaur’s control over everybody and everything in this territory. Finally, the explorer discovers Feedosaur’s main fear: it is panicked by the other creatures’ true self-expression. Little by little dinosaurs start taking a stand and voicing their needs. Together, with the help of the students’ voices, Feedosaur is defeated at last. The Language: Nouns: time traveller, archaeologist, palaeontologist, helmet, binoculars, magnifying glass, binoculars, bracer, bones, tail, horns, frill, spikes, feathers, claws, jaws, brain, era, volcanoes, meteorite, hunter, prey, herd, hints, clues, fear, shield, fossils, museum, Mesozoic Era, Jurassic Period, hunter, scavenger, predator Adjectives: aggressive, brutal, light, bulky, slim, sharp, carnivore, herbivore, mild, extinct, starving, wounded, huge, athletic, tough, opponents, colours + ish as in yellowish, greenish Verbs: travel through time, step on, crush, hunt, hatch, attack, leap/jump on, surround, clash, slash, dry up, chase, grab, overpower, hold tightly, leap, defeat, remain, to lay eggs, to keep balance Grammar structures: Simple Past Tense – Past Perfect Tense – Past Continuous Tense - Passive Voice - Conditional Sentences (2nd type) – Word Order – Superlative Adjectives . Compound Adjectives as in three-horned, four-legged, feather-like, bird-like (dinosaurs), two-storey (building), three-fingered Compound nominal or adjectival phrases: as in meat-eater, plant- eater, warm/ cool-blooded. Modal verbs: should/shouldn’t; could/couldn’t – be able to Length DINOSAURS is approximately an hour long. As in other Stories in a Bag Plays, it depends a bit on the time the students take for 3
their active participation on stage. All in all, I estimate, it will take up an hour. Key to the Exercises The first exercises aim at stirring the students’ prior knowledge about dinosaurs. So, the stress is not on their responding correctly from scratch, but on recalling information they may have. Ex 1: 1) BRACHIOSAURUS: Big – Herbivore – Very long neck (it could be any other) 2) TYRANNOSAURUS REX: Big – Carnivore – Fierce 3) VELOCIRAPTOR: Small – Carnivore – Fast 4) TRICERATOPS: Average – Herbivore – Had horns Ex 2: (the colours may help you in the correction) 1) It was tall and big B R Physical Description 2) It ran fast V Other Features 3) It was a herbivore B T Eating Mode 4) It had sharp teeth V R Physical Description 5) It lived in North America, Europe and Africa B Place 6) It had a great sense of sight V Other Features 7) It had a long neck B Physical Description 8) It had a frill and horns T Physical Description 9) It moved silently V Other Features 10) It had sharp claws V R Physical Description 11) It was a fierce hunter R Other Features 12) It was one of the tallest dinosaurs B Physical Description 13) It was a quick hunter V Other Features 14) It had a frill and horns T Physical Description 15) It hunted in packs V Other Features 16) It had a small face B Physical Description 17) It laid eggs V T Other Features 18) It lived in Mongolia, Russia and China V T Place 4
19) It had long legs but short arms R Physical Description 20) It had long arms V Physical Description 21) It lived in North America R Place 22) It had a thick neck and a large head R Physical Description 23) The frill helped it keep warm or cool T Other Features 24) It was a carnivore R V Eating Mode 25) It was small V Physical Description 26) Some had feathers V Physical Description 27) It used it long tail for balance R Other Features 28) It had a long tail B R V Physical Description 29) It was average size T Physical Description 30) They lived in herds T Other Features Ex 3: Some features go for more than one dinosaur. Students can also write some extra information they may have. (Some children know a lot about dinosaurs!!) TYRANNOSAURUS REX: 1), 5), 12), 13), 20), 22), 25), 27), 29) BRACHIOSAURUS: 1, 3), 8), 13) 17), 30) VELOCIRAPTOR: 2), 6), 9), 10), 13), 15), 17), 18), 20), 24), 25), 28), 30) TRICERATOPS: 3), 8), 14), 17), 18), 23), 29), 30) Ex 5: 1) Horns – 2) Teeth – 3) Tail – 4) Claws – 5) Spikes Ex 6: Again some characteristics can apply to more than one dinosaur. 1) SPEED & AGILITY – SLIM BODY – CARNIVORE – LIGHT – FAST – FEATHER-LIKE ARMS - MILD 2) SHARP TEETH – STRONG - SHARP CLAWS - BIG HEAD – POWERFUL JAWS – FIERCE – CARNIVORE – HUGE – CRUEL - SPIKES 3) SLIM BODY – TALL – BELT – INQUISITIVE – HAT- BROWN HAIR 4) OLD – FRILL –SLOW – MILD - HORNS 5
Ex 7: Listening Comprehension – Level 2 Number 1: Acrosaur Number 2: Feedosaur Number 3: Old Dinosaur Number 4: The Explorer These are the characters in the play: Ex 8: Feedosaur: a) AGO – b) POWERFUL – c) HEAVY – d) MEAT-EATER – e) ATE – f) SPIKES – g) POINTED – h) THROUGH – i) FEARED Acrosaur: a) HAVE – b) FEATHER-LIKE – c) AGILITY – d) TURN – e) NESTS – f) PREDATORS Old Dinosaur: a) HERDS – b) CIRCLE – c) OLDEST – d) FRILL – e) SAFE – f) COOL – g) TAIL – h) BALANCE The Explorer: a) ARCHAEOLOGIST – b) COLLECT – c) KEPT – d) BRACER – e) INFORMATION – f) HELMET Ex 10: A purse 6) to keep her binoculars A helmet 7) to travel through time A hat 5) for protection A bracer 4) to search for information on the computer A camera 1) to take pictures A magnifying glass 2) to look for hints A thick belt 3) to take her utensils with her 6
Ex 11: 1) – c) 2) – b) 3) – a) Ex 12: True – False – Not Given a) T b) F c) Not Given d) T e) F f) F g) T h) F i) T j) Not Given Ex 13: Circle the appropriate option 1) Eager – 2) information – 3) nobody – 4) through – 5) at – 6) closer – 7) found – 8) picked - 9) learning – 10) dominant Ex 14: Scrambled paragraphs Paragraph °1: in the end of the story, before the moral Paragraph °2: between paragraphs G & H Paragraph °3: between paragraphs D & E Paragraph °4: between paragraphs E & F STORY BLOCKS Working with STORY BLOCKS will allow you to work with the SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS in the storyline. STORY BLOCKS request very simple language, even easy to memorize, to be used for different purposes. Activities with STORY BLOCKS work as a springboard to help students produce sequentially organized pieces of writing. 7
I’ve organized the story of DINOSAURS in 12 STORY BLOCKS, which you will find in exercise 14 on page: 31. These will allow you have your students create and play a STORYTELLING BOARD GAME You can choose to use this template or any other: To have a Pictorial Storytelling Board Game, I recommend you asked your students to draw the pictures. For one game, you need 12 pictures of the same size, each depicting a STORY BLOCK. I suggest you give out white cardboard squares the same size: 8 x 8 cms, approx. It depends on how big you want the board game to be. If you have 24 students, you can have 2 board games created. Material needed: o White cardboard, scissors, markers, glue, dice (one per group) I suggest the following scaffolding of this material: Divide your students in pairs and give a square white card (8 x 8 cms) to each pair. Give each pair a story block to draw. Each story block contains one or two sentences. Have your students draw the content of that block in the card. 8
If you have 24 students, produce two large white cardboards and put on the floor, or join some desks, etc. to have a larger surface to work. You may choose to have the students design the board game template or you may have drawn one yourself in advance, similar to the template on page 7. You will read the sequence of actions in order aloud and students will raise their drawings as they are mentioned and place them on the board. Ask them to add some special squares, such us: “You can skip two squares, “Please, go back three squares”, “You’re missing a turn, etc.” They can play any other board game they would like to design, as long as they respect the new English rule: they have to tell the scene the die falls on, in order to advance. Another possibility, if you don’t have room, is to print several smaller boards on an A4 page, and ask students to draw the scenes directly there. It’s interesting to ask your students to do exercise n°14, after playing game with the pictures they have drawn. Ex 15: Cut out the story blocks & put them in order 1. The explorer analysed a bone in her laboratory. 2. The explorer travelled through time. 3. In the Mesozoic Era the explorer met the most ferocious dinosaur: Feedosaur. 4. Acrosaur collected everything way for its nest. 5. Feedosaur tore off one of Acrosaurs’ feathers with its sharp teeth. 6. An old dinosaur offered Acrosaur some meat. 7. Feedosaur snatched the meat from Acrosaur and the old dinosaur. 8. More dinosaurs asked for food. Feedosaur roared. 9. Acrosaur was hatching an egg. 9
10. Feedosaur grabbed the egg. 11. Acrosaur and Feedosaur fought. 12. The explorer asked the audience to stand up and say NO! Feedosaur ran way. Notice that teach block contains only one or, at most, two actions. Working with STORY BLOCKS will allow you to work with the SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS in the storyline. Ex 18: They all wanted food. But Feedosaur wanted to keep all the food for itself. This is the antagonism that produces the conflict. He also wanted power over the other dinosaurs. Ex 20: 1) Tyrannosaurus Rex – 2) Pterodactyl - 3) Triceratops – 4) Velociraptor Ex 20: Cretaceous Period: T- Rex, Triceratops, Velociraptor Jurassic Period: Pterodactyl Ex 23: 1) Feedosaur: D) Tyrannosaurus Rex 2) Acrosaur: A) Pterodactyl and C) Velociraptor 3) Old Dinosaur: B) Triceratops Ex 28: Key to Song: Stand Up and Say No! a) Hands – b) voice – c) stand up – d) going – e) don’t – f) feeling- g) up – h) your – i) wait – j) hard – k) express – l) call – m) share – n) – o) hold 10
ACTIVITIVITIES FOR THE STUDENTS 11
What do you already know about dinosaurs? 1. Dinosaur File Write down the name of the dinosaur in the box. Then complete the mind-map with: The dinosaur’s size (big or small) If it was carnivore or herbivore An important characteristic about this dinosaur that you know 12
2. Organizing data about dinosaurs Complete this CATEGORY CHART with the sentences on page 14: Eating Mode Place Physical Description Other Characteristics 13
Sentences to fill in the box on page 13: 1) It was tall and big. 2) It had a long neck. 3) It had a small face. 4) It was a herbivore. 5) It was a very tall dinosaur. 6) It lived in North America, Europe and Africa. 7) It had a great sense of sight. 8) It was fast and quick. 9) It moved silently. 10) It had sharp claws. 11) It had sharp teeth. 12) It was a fierce hunter. 13) It hunted in packs. 14) It laid eggs. 15) It lived in Mongolia, Russia and China. 16) It lived in North America. 17) It had a thick neck and a large head. 18) It had long legs but short arms. 19) It used it long tail for balance. 20) It was a carnivore. 21) It was small. 22) Some had feathers. 23) It ran fast. 24) It had a long. 25) It ran on two legs. 26) It had long arms. 27) It was rather short. 28) It had a frill and horns. 29) It used its frill and horns for protection. 30) The frill helped it keep warm or cool. 31) It lived in North America 32) They lived in herds. 14
3. Using information for the list above, write a brief text about each dinosaur. You can add other data you know too. 15
4. Have you heard of any of the following dinosaurs? Pick one from the frame and attempt at drawing it in the box. 16
5. Dinosaurs attacked and defended themselves in different ways, according to their strongest body attributes. Look at the pictures and put the letters in order. Then, write sentences below. Some dinosuars………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
The Characters in the Play 6. Match the words with the pictures, according to what you see and what you infer: 18
7. Listen to the description of each character and write their names in the boxes. You can copy these names from the list below. 19
8. Listen to the audio track again and fill in the blanks with the words in the boxes below. FEEDOSAUR Feedosaur lived in America 80 million years a) ______________. It was the most b) ______________ of dinosaurs ever. It was huge: as tall as a four-storey building and as c) ______________ as 10 elephants. Feedosaur was a carnivore, a d) ______________. I would eat every prey around. It attacked other dinosaurs and e)______________ them up too. It hit them with its strong f)______________. It was a fierce predator. Its long g)______________ teeth tore meat easily. Its sharp claws cut h)______________ the victim’s skin. The other dinosaurs i)______________ this cruel monster. ACROSAUR Acrosaur lived in America. It may a) ______________ lived for 120 years. It had a light body, b) ______________ arms and fast legs. It moved silently. Speed and c) ______________ were its main characteristics. It could almost run 40 kms per hour. It 20
could also d) ______________ and swirl in the air, but it did not fly. Acrosaurs laid eggs. They made their e) ______________ on the ground and protected them from f) ______________. OLD DINOSAUR Some dinosaurs lived in large a) ______________. They moved in packs. When a predator appeared, they formed a b) _____________ to protect one another. The old dinosaur in this play was the c) ______________ of its herd. It was cooperative and helpful. It had a d) ______________ and horns on its head. It used them to keep e) ______________ from attacks. The frill also helped it stay warm or f) __________. The old dinosaur held its g) ______________ straight as it walked. It used it for h) ______________. 21
THE EXPLORER The explorer was an inquisitive a) ______________, with a very clear objective in mind: to b) ______________ data about Feedosaur. She had a very small, high tech computer, which she c) ______________ in a leather wrist d) ______________ on one of her arms. Whenever she needed some e) ______________, she would simply consult this device. She also had a special f) ______________, which she put on to travel through time. The Explorer’s Bracer The explorer wears a bracer on her wrist. What is a bracer? A bracer is a strap, commonly made of leather, stone, or plastic that covers the inside of an arm for protection. 22
Read about this item in other well-known characters: In Medieval times, most fighters wore long arm bracers to protect their forearms while shooting. They also prevented loose clothing from catching the bow string. Bracers protected the inside of the archer's arm against injury by the string of the bow or the fletching of the arrow. Superheroes and other fantastic characters have worn bracers too. Wonder Woman’s wrist bracers may be the most famous of all. While some of their purposes and powers have changed over the years, one thing about her bracers has remained constant, and that is their defensive capabilities. The powerful cuffs, nearly indestructible, have been capable of blocking bullets and repelling all sorts of attacks. Over the past 30 years in the comics, Wonder Woman has been able to use her bracers as an offensive weapon, too. By smashing them together, she has managed to create a powerful wave of energy capable of toppling even the strongest of enemies. The Black Widow in Avengers uses her bracers for two purposes: To shoot explosives: There are many types of explosives stored in the gauntlet which includes grenades and other types of explosives that she uses to attack an opponent. Radio Transmitter: This enables the Black Widow to lock on to an opponent and track down their location. 23
Rey, the Jakku scavenger in Star Wars, episodes 7 and 8, wears a single bracer as part of her costume. Her mysterious power does not lie in this bracer. She resorts to the typical Star Wars light saber and to a pistol to fight. The Explorer also wears a single leather bracer. She wears in on her wrist, but it is not just an ornament. Whenever she needed information about something, she starts a computer by pressing some buttons on her bracer. 9. Now complete the following sentence stems: a) In Medieval times, archers wore bracers to ……………………...... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Wonder Woman has worn her bracers to ……………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… a) In Star Wars, episodes 7 and 8, Rey wore a single bracer ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) In the play, the explorer wears her bracer to …………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
10.About the Explorer’s objects The explorer has got a number of objects. Can you anticipate the use of each of her belongings? Match the object with the purpose. Remember to check your bets when you see the play. 25
The Explorer’s Laboratory The explorer studies life in the past. She is both an archaeologist and a palaeontologist. By the time she reaches, her laboratory, she has done other tasks such as exploring, observing, excavating, digging, transporting the fossils, etc. In her laboratory, she studies and analysis all the evidence she collects. 11.Which is which? Complete the sentences with the definition below: 1) Palaeontology is ……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) Archaeology is ………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) Fossils are ……………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26
a) … the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. b) … the study of ancient forms of life by scientific analysis of physical remains found in the ground. c) ... the study of fossils. Jurassic Times What do you know about Jurassic times? Read the text below. Then respond to the statements with True, False or Not Given. The Jurassic Period was the second of three periods of the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles or the Age of Dinosaurs. The Jurassic period, itself, extended from 201.3 million to 145 million years ago. Many important vertebrate and invertebrate organisms made their first appearance during the Jurassic Period. Life was especially diverse in the oceans. There were reefs, invertebrate animals, and large swimming predators, including reptiles. On the land, dinosaurs and flying pterosaurs dominated the terrain. In the air, birds made their first appearance. Early mammals were also present, though they were still fairly insignificant. Insect populations were diverse, and plants were abundant. 27
During the Jurassic Period, the supercontinent Pangaea split apart. Pangaea, the giant land mass, began to break up and sea levels rose. Millions of years later, the Earth would look the way it looks today. The climate of the Jurassic period was warmer than many modern-day climates. The absence of ice caps, in the polar regions, suggests that the climate in that area was temperate. The lack of glaciation during the Jurassic period also indicates that Earth's average temperature was similar to our present-day subtropical and tropical climates. Sources: Wikipedia, Encyclopaedia Britannica and National Academic Press; Climate in Earth History; Studies I Geophysics - The Jurassic Climate 12. True, False or Not Given? a) The Jurassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. b) The Jurassic Period is known as the Age of dinosaurs. c) There was more life in the oceans than on the land. d) Mammals were few in number. e) Vegetation was little. f) Birds appeared before the Jurassic Period. g) The land split apart and oceans grew larger. h) The climate in the Jurassic period was boiling hot. i) There was no ice in polar areas. j) The Earth’s temperature during the Jurassic Period was 25 °C. 28
The Storyline 13.Read this summary of the first part of the play “DINOSAURS” and circle the appropriate word. An explorer entered the laboratory, with a bone in her hand. She was 1) eager to/doubting about learn the name of the animal which that bone belonged to. The computer gave her 2) information/questions about a dinosaur that 3) anybody/nobody had described so far. Its name was Feedosaur. The explorer travelled 4) in/through time. She arrived in the Jurassic period and was amazed 5) at/of the landscape and temperature. She took out her binoculars to get a 6) closer/closest look at all the geographical features and animals of there. She 7) founded/found dinosaur hints and followed them. Soon she saw an egg and 8) picks/picked it up. She was interested in 9) learning/ learn about every pre- historical creature around. Soon, she met Feedosaur and paralyzed. It was huge, 10) dominance/dominant and menacing. 14. On page 30, you’ll find a summary of the whole story. Four paragraphs have been removed. These are the scrambled paragraphs below. Can you read them carefully and place them among the other paragraphs written on page 30? 29
30
Summary of the whole story to insert the paragraphs A. An explorer entered the laboratory, with a bone in her hand. She was eager to learn the name of the animal that bone belonged to. The computer gave her information about a dinosaur that nobody had described so far. Its name was Feedosaur. B. The explorer travelled through time. C. She arrived in the Jurassic period and was amazed at the landscape and temperature. She found dinosaurs hints and followed them, interested in learning about every pre-historical creature around. Soon, she met Feedosaur and paralyzed. It was huge, dominant and menacing. D. However, the explorer wanted to know all about this beast. She used her bracer to search for information on the computer and found out more details. She thought that, if she found out what Feedosaur was afraid of, she would be able to cope with it. So, she started to gather evidence. E. Suddenly, Feedosaur appeared and frightened Acrosaur. With its pointed teeth, the enormous dinosaur ripped off one of Acrosaur’s feathers. The latter fell, wounded, on the ground. F. More dinosaurs appeared from behind. They begged Feedosaur for food. They were starving. Feedosaur ignored their pleading and kept munching all the food around. It let no one approach it. G. The explorer insisted on her idea of finding out what Fedasaur’s was afraid of. She was convinced that, if she discovered the aggressive dinosaur’s main fear, she would be able to handle it. H. Feedosaur broke into the motherly scene and grabbed the egg with its powerful claws. Feedosaur could fit the entire egg in its mouth. Acrosaur went desperate and tried to stop it. The explorer appeared and tried to help Acrosaur protect its egg form Feedosaur. She felt helpless in front of the huge predator. Acrosaur fought to defend its egg. 31
STORY BLOCKS 15. Look at all the storyline condensed in 12 simple blocks. Cut out the STORY BLOCKS and put them in order: In the Mesozoic Era the explorer met the most ferocious dinosaur: Feedosaur. More dinosaurs asked for food. Feedosaur roared. The explorer asked the audience to stand up and say NO!. Feedosaur ran away. The explorer analysed a bone in her laboratory. Acrosaur and Feedosaur fought. Acrosaur collected everything for its nest. An old dinosaur offered Acrosaur some meat. Feedosaur tore off one of Acrosaurs’ feathers. Acrosaur was hatching an egg. Feedosaur snatched the meat from Acrosaur and the old dinosaur. The explorer travelled through time. Feedosaur grabbed the egg. 32
Instagram Story 16. If you posted an Instagram story of the play, what would you include? Draw a picture in the square and write a comment on that picture below: 33
Story structure 17. Answer the following questions: Setting: 1) When did this story take place? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) Where did this story take place? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Characters: 3) Name the main characters in the play. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Main Conflict: A conflict appears when the characters’ objectives clash. Let’s answer these questions to analyse the main conflict: 4) What did the explorer want? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5) What did Feedosaur want? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6) What did Acrosaur want? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7) What did the old dinosaur want? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8) What did all other dinosaurs want? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Development/Body of the story: 34
9) What happened in the story as from this conflict? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Climax: 10) Describe the moment of highest tension just before the conflict was solved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Solution: 11) What was the solution to the conflict? Write down the outcome. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
18. Let’s focus on the conflict. When the explorer arrived in this Mesozoic Territory, she encountered a BIG CONFLICT among Feedosaur, Acrosaur and all the other dinosaurs. Let’s organize it in this graph: 36
19. Let’s organize the elements of the story-line. Briefly write down about the elements in the story in each box. What do you remember? Moral: Taking a stand and getting together can prevent attacks and ill-treatment. 37
The creation of the dinosaurs in this play has been based on real dinosaurs Let’s contrast and compare them 38
APPEARANCE 20. Recognition of real dinosaurs. Write the name of each real dinosaur in the box below: 39
Information about Real Dinosaurs 21. When do you think these real dinosaurs lived? Fill in this time grid. Write down the name of the dinosaurs under the period you think they lived in. Then, read the information below and confirm or correct your hypothesis. MYA = M: Million – Y: Years – A: Ago Tyrannosaurus Rex The name: ‘Tyrannosaurus’ comes from the Greek. It means ‘tyrant lizard’, while the word ‘Rex’ means ‘king’ in Latin. So Tyrannosaurus Rex means “tyrant king.” It is usually called T- Rex. T- Rex lived in North America. It lived in the late Cretaceous Period, around 66 million years ago. T- Rex measured up to 13 metres long, 4 metres at the hip and could weigh up to 7 tons. 40
The tallest T- Rex skeleton ever found was 6.100 metres tall = as tall as a two-storey building. It could weigh up to 15.000 kg. T Rex was not the largest dinosaur ever; the Giganotosaurus was. Females were bigger than males. The reason for this is that females needed broad hips to lay T- Rex large eggs. It was a meat-eater: a carnivore. It usually preyed on Triceratops. T- Rex's powerful jaws were capable of cutting off a Triceratops's horns. Experts think T- Rex must have had very bad breath. They arrived at this conclusion through the study of its teeth, which were many and closely packed. T- Rex had short arms, which seem tiny compared to the rest of its massive body. It used its strong tail for balance. Pterodactyl The name “Pterodactyl” or “Pterodactylus” comes from the Greek. It means "wing finger". Pterodactyl lived in lived Africa and Europe during the Late Jurassic Period. It was almost one metre long and it weighed 4,500 kgs. It was a carnivore. It ate small animals: insects, meat and fish. It usually flew over the coast picking small fish out of the water. Pterodactyl was not a dinosaur, though it lived during the same period. It was a flying reptile. It had a long beak and neck, and wings of skin attached to three-fingered hands. The most distinctive feature of Pterodactyl was its backward-pointing crest. No one has found out how 41
Pterodactyl used it. It had either a very small tail or no tail at all. The first fossil of Pterodactylus was discovered in Germany in the late 18th century. Triceratops The name: ‘Triceratops’ comes from the Greek. ‘Tri’ means three and ‘keratops’ means horned face. Triceratops had three horns on its head. Triceratops lived in North America in the late Cretaceous Period (around 65 million years ago). Triceratops was about 8 metres long and 3 metres tall. It weighed up to 12.000 kgs. It was a plant eater: a herbivore. It had a bird-like beak to cut off hard plants. It needed its three horns to try and protect itself from the Tyrannosaurus Rex which preyed on Triceratops. Both lived during the same time period. It lived in herds. It had a prominent frill too. It went bright pink to warn the other members of the herd that a hungry T- Rex was approaching or for sexual attraction. Triceratops was a cold-blooded dinosaur. Its frill also had the function of regulating its body temperature. 42
Velociraptor The name “Velociraptor” comes from the Latin. It means “speedy thief.” It lived in Central Asia and Mongolia during the end of the Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago. Velociraptor was 1, 80 long and 60 cms tall. It weighed about 15 kgs. It was a carnivore. It ate reptiles, insects and smaller dinosaurs. It could run at 60 kms per hour. Velociraptor had a long tail. It had feathers, not reptilian skin, as in Jurassic Park movies. It is one of the most bird-like dinosaurs ever discovered. Velociraptor used its feathers to attract mates, regulate body temperature, protect eggs from the environment or generate speed when running up. 43
22. Read the text again to complete the chart below: T – REX PTERODACTYL TRICERATOPS VELOCIRAPTOR Meaning of Name Place Size & Weight Some Special Traits 44
Look at the pictures of the fictional dinosaurs and at the pictures of the real dinosaurs. Decide which character has been inspired by which real dinosaur 23. Join the fictional character with the real dinosaur (Tip: Acrosaur was created as from two real dinosaurs) 45
Let’s read about the fictional dinosaurs of the play: FEEDOSAUR The name “Feedosaur” comes from “feeding”. This dinosaur was only interested in its food. It would not feed others. Feedosaur lived in North America 80 million years ago. It was the most powerful of dinosaurs ever. It was huge: as tall as a four-storey building. It weighed 7 tons. Feedosaur was a carnivore, a meat-eater. It attacked other dinosaurs with its big sharp teeth and sharp claws. Its favourite prey was Triceratops. It also had spikes over his head and back. Feedosaur had a very short tail. ACROSAUR The name “Acrosaur” comes from “acrobatics”, for this dinosaur was very athletic. Acrosaur lived in North America during the Jurassic Period. Speed and agility were its main traits. It could almost run 40 kms per hour. Acrosaur had feathers but it but it did not fly. It had no tail. Acrosaurs laid eggs. They made their nests on the ground and protected them. It used its prominent crest on the head to detect danger. OLD DINOSAUR The name “Old Dinosaur” comes from the fact that this dinosaur was really very old. It lived in America during the Jurassic period. It was very heavy; it weighed 10.000 kgs. It was three metres tall. It was a plant-eater, a herbivore. It lived in large herds. The members of the herd protected one another. It had a frill on its head and two horns. It used the frill to warn the other members of the herd when danger was near. It also used it to regulate its body temperature. It had a long tail. 46
24. Compare each fictional dinosaur in the play with the real dinosaur that was used as reference. Complete the following chart. What is same and what is different? 47
You can compare Acrosaur with two real creatures. 48
25. Let’s play with fantasy! Create your own fictional dinosaur based on your imagination and on your name. a) To give your dinosaur a name, write your name backwards and add “saurus” For example, if you were called Susan, your dinosaur would be called: “Nasunsaurus. Complete this sentence: If I had the chance to create a dinosaur, my dinosaur’s name would be……………………………………………………………….. b) Circle the period and the place your dinosaur would live in. 49
26. Write about your fictional dinosaur. Include the way it would look like, eating mode, special traits and the actions it would do. My dinosaur would be called……………………………………………………………. It would live ……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
27.Draw your fictional dinosaur in the box below: Name:.…………………………. 51
Stand up and Say No! 28. Circle the option you hear: Chorus: Let us hold our a) hands/hearts We can have a b) choice/voice All together C) Stand/speak up and say no If you do not like What you are d) doing/going through And you e) won’t/don’t know what to do You can have a e) word/say Find the way to explain That your body is f) feeling/being strange Make a move and speak g) out/up Don’t hide h) your/any sorrows Afraid, angry or sad Don’t you i) wait/stay till tomorrow! Chorus When you find it j) hard/tough To voice your feelings And k) stress/express just what you need. Take a stand and l) talk/call Real friends who care And m) share/say freely how you feel You can learn to say stop No one can n) hurt/harm you You are no more alone We are here to o) support/hold you Chorus 52
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