A Future with 3D Printed Construction - The Hype, The Truth and The Real Disruption
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A Future with
3D Printed Construction
The Hype, The Truth and The Real Disruption
Ole Ellinghausen
M.Sc., Project Manager
COBOD International A/S
Background
▪ Printed the first house in Europe 2017
▪ The project was intense, and we learned a lot about our technology
▪ All this experience has been put into the 2. generation construction
printer: BOD2 – First unit installed feb 2019
lag p
Our Story
From researching “State of the Art” to becoming “State of the Art“
3D Construction Printing Supplier
The BOD Media coverage Demand Development of the BOD2 and new
(March 2017) (September 2017-18) (September 2017-18) BOD2 government grants
(2018-19)
(Oct. 2017 - July 2018)
Decision to go for Massive media coverage Demand for printers and Development of the Sales and use of the
“Europe‘s first 3D of The BOD for doing projects
Printed Building“
BOD2
Construction Printer
lagBOD2
p printers +
New government grant
for developing BOD3
Timelapse –The BOD 2017 https://youtu.be/giTDbCkGcbg Video link: https://youtu.be/giTDbCkGcbg
The BOD – Building On Demand
Lessons Learned – Printing 1st permitted building in Europe
● There is still much more to be learned!
● Not possible for 1 or 2 innovative companies
-> Large industrial partnerships, and industry must work together
● Complexity is indeed free for the 3D printing, but not for the interfacing systems!
● Permitting of 3D printed constructions is an issue.
○ Short term: Use proven static systems from conventional construction or prove case-by-case
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(slow, expensive)
○ Long term: New standards for construction with 3DCP (“Digital standards”)
● 4 areas are equally important:
○ Software (preparation, BIM integration, QA/QC)
○ Printing system (robotic, gantry or others)
○ Materials recipes (Local availability, cost, quality)
○ Materials handling (mixing, feeding, QA/QC)
● Digital technologies in general are very new in the construction industry!!
The BOD Copy
Timelapse –The2019
BOD Copy 2019
https://youtu.be/bn-oz2c3W3o
Video link:
https://youtu.be/bn-oz2c3W3o
3D Construction Printing – Status Quo
Exponential growth in projects/concepts last 10 years and especially last 5 years
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Source: http://www.elstudio.nl/?p=1904
The Status Quo
Global scoreboard as of Jun. 30, 2019
Buildings Structures Total ongoing
projects
Europe 9 2 bridges 45
Asia (incl. Middle East) 12 6 (various) 20
US 5 1 bridge 19
Total 26 9 84
Global Overview – 3D Printed buildings in Europe (1/2)
Europe’s first 3D printed building The Yhnova – social housing
The BOD – ”Building On Demand”, COBOD Nantes University/BatiprintGlobal Overview – 3D Printed buildings in Europe (2/2)
Bemore3D – Valencia House CLS Architetti/CYBE –
(25 sqm, on University site) 3D Housing 05 – Milan
(not permitted – not permanent)
WASP – Gaia
First 3D printed house with soilGlobal Overview – 3D Printed buildings in Asia (1/2)
Pavillion Chinese Courtyard House Mansion, 1.200 m2
All by Winsun, China lag p
6 Storey Apartment Building Curved House (not complete) Office of the future, Dubai 12Global Overview – 3D Printed buildings in Asia (2/2)
Villa, Huashang Tengda, Hotel Suite, Total Kustom, Villa, Specavia, Yaroslavl, Russia
Bejing, China Manilla, Philipines lag p
House, Apis Cor, Moscow, Russia Drone Laboratory, Cybe, Dubai, UAE Jeddah House, Cybe, Dubai, UAE
13Global Overview – 3D Printed buildings in the US
1. Army barack, US Military 2. Army barack , US Military
ICON, Austin
(formerly Vesta Printer/Alex Le Roux) 14Global Overview – 3D Construction Printing
Global status (conclusion) and prediction (subjective):
Europe:
• Leading in number of projects being developed
• Leading in terms of cooperation between academia and business
• Presently lagging in terms of realized projects, but will catch up
• Destined to take the lead in the future (if funding is secured and conventional construction industry
continues to become involved)
Asia:
• Presently leading in terms of executed projects and is likely to continue to lead in number of buildings
done due to The Middle East
• Not leading in terms of innovation height and scope; lack of involvement of academic and industrial
resources
US:
• Leading only in terms of claims for what 3D printing can do for the construction industry
• Something needs to change for the US to play a bigger role going forwardWhy is 3D Construction Printing interesting ?
According to Deloitte
lag p3D Construction printing – The Hype & The “Truth”
Until now, 3D printing has only addressed a small part of construction both
in terms of cost and time consumption.
CONCLUSION:
None of the completed 3D construction
printing projects have been
competitive so far !!!
Within these 35%, we have yet to address foundation and decks etc.
More realistically 3D printing currently covers ~20 - 25 % of the total
cost of a building3D Construction Printing – The Hype & The “Truth”
• Winsun did not 3D print all of the Office of the
future in Dubai
▪ not the “architecturally interesting parts”
▪ And not in Dubai but in China
The hype in Dubai The truth in China
• Apis Cor did not print the house in Moscow in
24 hours
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• It took them from Oct. 2016 to Feb. 2017
• Concrete cannot set in 24 hours
The hype in Feb. 2017 The truth in the fall 2016
• Cazza will not print skyscrapers in 2022 in Dubai
• Cazza is de facto out of business
The hype in
• Only created the hype to try to get funding Mar. 2017
The truth in early 20183D Construction Printing – The Hype & The “Truth”
• Claimed savings of 40, 50 or even 70% on building cost can obviously not be true when the
3DCP projects are only addressing less than 35% of the total cost !!!
• Even for these 35%, the 3 years research could not verify any of the promises made about
savings =>
None of the completed 3D construction printing projects
have been competitive so far !!!
• There might have been savings here and there, but overall when all costs are
calculated the application of 3D printing has not been competitive so far.
• Why: It is very difficult to do something right and efficiently the first time.
• Would also have been surprising: There is still a lot to be learned !
• But the technology has proven it’s potential and will become competitive if
resources continue to be applied.3D Construction Printing – Status Quo
3D konstruktionstype / kategorier
Market Matureness
Revenue Introduction Growth Maturity Saturation Decline
Now
Exploration
Audience Innovators Early Adopter Every Majority Late Majority Laggard
Market Small Expanding High Peaked Contracting
Price Very High High High Medium Low
Sales Low Expanding High Flattening Moderate
Competition Low Increasing Moderate High Moderate
Business Focus Awareness Growth Market share Customer Transition
Retention3D Construction Printing – Status Quo and forecast
The Technology S-curve
Coventional construction In 2017/18
100 years to improve/perfect
3DCP in 2020+
In 2014-18
3D Construction Printing (just starting)Conventional Construction – Productivity Index
3D Construction printing – Economies of scale
The reasons for low present competitiveness:
Potential disruption of
• No learning curve effect yet
the construction industry
• No scale advantages yet
as we know it today !!!!
3D Construction Printing (2017)
Building cost in
2014-17 with 3DCP in 2018
3DCP
3DCP in 2019
Building cost
predicted around
2020-22
3DCP 2020-2022 New generation printerWhy is 3D Printing disruptive?
The future “promises”
The 7 Key Points:
1. Design freedom (complexity is “free”) lag p
2. Automation
3. Local production (vs. prefab)
4. Faster completion time
5. Reduction of waste
6. New materials (recycled?)
7. Direct BIM to Construction
→ No need for complex drawings/communication
around special shapes.3D Construction Printing – A Reminder
”Portable” laptop 1983 ”Portable” laptop 1989 Macbook Air 2010
”Mobile” phone 1990
Mobile phone 1996 and 20073D Construction printing – Conclusion
• 3D construction printing will be improving fast in the years
to come and will disrupt the construction industry, due to:
Automation potential Direct BIM to Construction
lag p
Reduction of expensive labor
and material usage Extensive cooperation with academia
Free design forms Conventional construction companies
moving inThank you
Arigato
Ole Ellinghausen
Project Manager
COBOD International A/S
Dr. Tvaergade 26, 1302 Copenhagen K, DENMARK
Website EMAIL
www.cobod.com ole@cobod.comYou can also read
