Zachary Elinson CS 3111 - Spring 2020
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Zachary Elinson
CS 3111
Spring 2020
Table of Contents Technical Background History Aftermath Ethical Theories P2P Sharing Foundation Reservella Rule Utilitarianism Torrents Purpose Persistence Act Utilitarianism BitTorrent Projects The Hydra Bay Magnet Links Trial The Future Domain Names Convictions
Peer-to-Peer Sharing
“Pure” Peer-to-Peer Network
❑ Decentralized
❑ Reliable
❑ Unsafe
❑ No structure
Peer-to-Peer Sharing
“Hybrid” Peer-to-Peer Network
❑ Centralized
❑No redundancy
❑ Vulnerable
❑ Protects users
Torrent Overview Torrent File ❑ Metadata ❑ No content ❑ Values hashed ❑ Needs tracker
Torrent Overview
Tracker
❑ Server
❑ Manages connections
❑ Groups users, ‘swarm’
❑ The ‘middleman’
BitTorrent Protocol
Software
❑ Calculates ID
❑ Locates data
❑ Sorts data
Terminology
❑ “Peer”
❑ “Seeder”
❑ “Leecher”
Magnet Links
❑ Unique value
❑ Tracker unnecessary
❑ Impossible to stop
❑ Extremely small size
❑ 1,643,194 links ≈ 90 mb
Example: magnet:?xt=urn:btih:6bd956b1844ee643f51856d636eda1cbbe9a9fcc&dn=The.Big.Bang.Theory.S03E08.The.Adhesive.Duck.Deficiency.HDTV.Xvi
Domain Names ❑ Address alias ❑ Suffix = location, purpose ❑ Approved by ICANN ❑ thepiratebay.se, thepiratebay.org
Foundation of the Pirate Bay
2001 : Rasmus Fleischer,
Piratbyrån
2003 : Peter Sunde,
Gottfrid Svartholm,
Fredrik Neij
2004 : 1 million users
60,000 torrents
2006 : 2.5 million usersPurpose of The Pirate Bay
Associated Projects
PeRiQuito - ISP
❑ Neij, Svartholm
❑ Hosts WikiLeaks
“…firm believers in freedom of speech,
commerce, and the right to privacy and
anonymity…”
- PRQAssociated Projects
PirateBrowser
Mozilla Firefox + Vidalia
❑ Released August 10th, 2013
❑ Plugins, add-ons, proxy settings
❑ Bypass blocksAssociated Projects Playble – Music Store ❑ April 30th, 2007 ❑ “pay what you can afford” ❑ Nonprofit ❑ Payout by downloads ❑ Rejected by labels
Humble Bundle Digital Game Store ❑ November 24th, 2010 ❑ “pay what you want” ❑ Revenue divided ❑ 12 million unique customers ❑ $174 million donated to charity
2006 Raid ❑ March : 2.5 million users ❑ MPAA demands action ❑ March 31st : TPB goes offline. ❑ April 3rd : TPB online. ❑ May : 12 million users ❑ Alexa ranked 73rd
2008 Trial ❑Sunde, Neij, Svartholm,
Lundström charged
❑“promoting other people’s
infringements of copyright
laws”
❑17 plaintiffs
❑$15 million USD in damages
❑Half of charges dropped“The case against The Pirate Bay was not the fight
2008 Trial against illegal downloading of their works but a
fight to preserve the monopoly on the
distribution means”
– European Digital RightsVerdict: Guilty
❑ $3.6 million, 1 year prison
❑ Prison 4-10 months by appeal
❑ $6.5 million by appeal
❑ 2nd appeal denied
❑ TPB still active
“A person who is holding someone’s coat while
they assault someone else is complicit in the
crime.”
– Prosecutor Hakan Roswall
Västervik Prison, 2014Reservella, Ltd. ❑Founders sold TPB, 2006 ❑Seychelles-based shadow firm ❑Nonprofit ❑No paper trail ❑No employees
The Hydra Bay ❑2014 raid ❑Two weeks offline ❑TPB source on GitHub ❑397 clones of TPB < 1 week ❑70 domain names
The Future of The Pirate Bay
❑Piracy decline, 2014
❑Abundant subscriptions, 2019
❑80% streaming-related
❑Exclusive content
❑“Monopolistic distribution”The Future of The Pirate Bay
The Future of The Pirate Bay
❑DRM “stops” copying
❑License, not owned
❑“Locked in” to company
❑Remove DRM, reduce piracy
❑38% of music pirates pay
❑34.7% “region locked”
❑80% of files legalRule:
If I can share information for free
using The Pirate Bay, then I should.
Rule
UtilitarianismBenefits:
❑ Sum of knowledge increases Sharing Free
❑ Accessibility
❑ Derivative work
Information
❑ Expose corruption
❑ Innovation
❑ Collaboration Judgement:
Drawbacks:
Moral
❑ Less/no business profit
❑ Fake information
❑ Illegal information
Rule
UtilitarianismScenario:
Allow the The Pirate Bay to exist.
Act
UtilitarianismService One-time Cost ($) Annual Cost ($)
Apple TV 5 60
Shudder 6 72
Disney Plus 7 84
Let The Pirate
❑ Average person has 3
Hulu 8 96
subscriptions
Bay Exist?
CrunchyRoll 8 96
Netflix 9 108 ❑ ≈ $37 / month
Starz 9 108
CBS All Access 10 120
❑ 47% “need” multiple
subscriptions
Showtime 11 132
Youtube Premium 12 144
❑ 57% - “shows disappear
HBO Now 15 180 after subscribing”
Sling TV 30 360
Playstation Vue 40 480 ❑ Estimated 20% share
accounts
Youtube TV 50 600
Hulu TV 55 660
❑ 18% of 1500 admitted
AT&T Now 65 780
“piracy at least once”
Digital Purchase
Digital Rental
5-20
6
Act
Theater Ticket 9.16 UtilitarianismUnited States Movie & Television Revenue:
2017 : $87.36 billion
Let The Pirate
2018 : $97 billion Bay Exist?
2019 : $101 billion
United States Media & Entertainment Revenue:
2019 : $717 billion Judgement:
2023 : >$825 billion
Moral
Estimated global lost revenue
2017 : $31.8 billion
2019 : $29.2 billion
Act
UtilitarianismSlide 1: “The Pirate Bay.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Apr. 2020, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay. Slide 3: Zhang, Lily. “The Network You Forgot You Had.” The Muse, The Muse, 15 Oct. 2019, www.themuse.com/advice/the-network-you-forgot-you-had. Slide 4: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Changhoon_Lee3/publication/259635464/figure/fig1/AS:297232688533507@1447877203422/Structure-of-a-BitTorrent-network-for-data-sharing-with- peers-on-the-network-who-receive.png Slide 5: Torrent File Editor 0.3.17.” Chocolatey, http://chocolatey.org/packages/torrent-file-editor. Slide 6: “Why are the authorities only after The Pirate Bay when there are also others, like Kickass?” Quora, 13 December 2014, https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-authorities-only-after-The-Pirate- Bay-when-there-are-also-others-like-Kickass Slide 7: Sharma, Anchit, et al. “10 Best Free Torrent Clients for Windows and MAC ~2020.” TechWorm, 4 Feb. 2020, www.techworm.net/2018/10/torrent-downloader-10-best-torrent-clients-for- windows-2018.html. Slide 8: btarunr Feb 29th, 2012 09:19 Discuss (18 Comments). “Pirate Bay Gets Rid of Torrents, Serves Magnet Links.” TechPowerUp, 29 Feb. 2012, www.techpowerup.com/161466/pirate-bay-gets-rid- of-torrents-serves-magnet-links. Slide 9: Didactico. “Tipos De Dominios Geográficos, De País o Territoriales.” Internet Didáctica - Programas, APP, Formación y Cursos Online, 20 Nov. 2018, www.internet-didactica.es/dominios- geograficos/. Slide 10: Mejia, Paula. “Ahoy, the Pirate Bay Has Returned.” Newsweek, Newsweek, 15 Mar. 2016, www.newsweek.com/ahoy-pirate-bay-has-returned-303551.
Slide 11: O'Brien, Chris. “One Of The Pirate Bay's Founders Has Been Released From Prison After Almost 6 Months.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 10 Nov. 2014, www.businessinsider.com/pirate- bay-founder-peter-sunde-released-prison-2014-11. Slide 12: Dannen, Chris. “Pirate Bay Not Dead After All.” Fast Company, Fast Company, 30 July 2012, www.fastcompany.com/1340752/pirate-bay-not-dead-after-all. Slide 13: Musicandcopyright. “Is the BBC Report on the Effectiveness of the Pirate Bay Block Missing the Point?” Music & Copyright's Blog, 18 July 2012, http://musicandcopyright.wordpress.com/2012/07/17/is-the-bbc-report-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-pirate-bay-block-missing-the-point/. Slide 14: Torres, Ida. “Amazon, Pandora Testing out Pricing of Music Streaming Services .” Android Community, Android Community, 13 Sept. 2016, http://androidcommunity.com/amazon-pandora- testing-out-pricing-of-music-streaming-services-20160913/. Slide 15: Kolar, Bradley. “PSA: Humble Bundle.” The Fanfare, http://bpsfanfare.com/9032/showcase/psa-humble-bundle/#. https://support.humblebundle.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/218159567/Screen_Shot_2016-11-30_at_9.30.29_AM.png Slide 16: “10 Years Ago Hollywood Awoke The Pirate Bay 'Beast'” TorrentFreak, 9 Jan. 2017, http://torrentfreak.com/10-years-ago-hollywood-awoke-the-pirate-bay-beast-160531/. Slide 17: The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, www.theguardian.com/technology/piracy/2009/jun/30/all. Slide 18: https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4D1BAQHJ--pgMS_J1Q/company-background_10000/0?e=2159024400&v=beta&t=ypd1IjUkyisdXJW-RoW76eGBuSXqIFE7BbgN8WBTgUE Slide 19: Larsson, Daniel Goldberg and Linus. “Pirate Bay Co-Founder Peter Sunde: 'In Prison, You Become Brain-Dead'.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 5 Nov. 2014, www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/05/sp-pirate-bay-cofounder-peter-sunde-in-prison.
Slide 20: Stenovec, Timothy. “Details on the Royal Couple's Honeymoon Destination.” HuffPost, HuffPost, 7 Dec. 2017, www.huffpost.com/entry/seychelles-map-population_n_860481. Slide 21: “The Pirate Bay Aims High with Bizarre Flying Server Scheme.” Geek.com, 20 Mar. 2012, www.geek.com/chips/the-pirate-bay-aims-high-with-bizarre-flying-server-scheme-1476755/. Slide 22: Weissman, Cale Guthrie. “The Pirate Bay's New Logo Sends a Loud Message to the Authorities Trying to Shut It Down.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 19 May 2015, www.businessinsider.com/the-pirate-bay-has-a-new-logo-with-a-clear-message-2015-5. Slide 23: “The Streaming Services Are Getting Out of Hand.” Grit Daily News, 22 Jan. 2020, http://gritdaily.com/the-streaming-services-are-getting-out-of-hand/. Slide 24: Feldman, Brian. “Piracy Is Back.” Intelligencer, Intelligencer, 26 June 2019, http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/piracy-is-back.html. Slide 25: “r/BulletBarry - Keurig Coffee DRM.” Reddit, www.reddit.com/r/BulletBarry/comments/796vzx/keurig_coffee_drm/. Krzywinski, Martin. “DRM Revolution 01.” Flickr, Yahoo!, 24 Mar. 2007, www.flickr.com/photos/fullaperture/432100462. Slide 26: “Intellectual Free Property Speech to Copyright Laws Are Anti-Free Speech: Meme on ME.ME.” Me.me, http://me.me/i/intellectual-free-property-speech-to-copyright-laws-are-anti-free- speech-10086710. Slide 28: Kim, Eddie. “After 15 Years, the Pirate Bay Still Can't Be Killed.” MEL Magazine, 23 Mar. 2020, http://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/after-15-years-the-pirate-bay-still-cant-be-killed. Slide 31: “’TPB AFK’ – Simon Klose's Documentary about The Pirate Bay out Now.” Grundversorgung 2.0, http://digitale-grundversorgung.de/blog/2013/02/21/tpb-afk-simon-kloses-documentary-about- the-pirate-bay-out-now/.
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