World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics

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World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
Misfolded
                                                                                                           proteins are
                                                                                                           washed away

                                                             Only correctly
                                                             folded proteins
                                                             are immobilised

World’s only technology
that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins
                                                                                Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
Agenda for today’s presentation                                                                                                       2

         1. Company          2. Technology         3. Case Studies    4. Study Design

         Cambridge roots     Protein folding      Autoantibodies        Samples
        Main collaborators   Protein function       Diagnostics       Study design
              Team            Performance       Response prediction   Business case

                                                                             Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
Sengenics is a 12-year old British biotech company with a solid global footprint                                                                                                3

                                                                                       2020
                  2021                              2008
                                                                          A c q ui r ed b y
                                                                          m u l t i - bi l l i on d o l l a r ,
                                                                          l i f e - s c i enc e f o c used,
                                                                          S w e di s h f i r m

                                          C a m b r i dge s p i n - out

       B o s t on R & D f a c i l i t y
                                                                                                                                       2016

                                                                                                            P r o t e i n p r o d uct i on a n d
                                                                                                            h i g h- t hr oughput a s s ay f a c i l i t y i n A s i a

                                                                                                                       Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
Sengenics KREX immunoproteomics platform leveraged by 100+ institutions                                                                                                                     4

                                         9 o u t o f t o p 1 0 P h a r m a g lo b a lly
                                                                                          10 a c a d e m ic in s t it u t io n s
                                               6 a c ad e m ic in s t it u t io n s
                                                                                                   > 5 0 p r o je c t s

 Member of Cancer, Inflammation
  & Immunity, and Neuroscience
      Steering Committees                                                                                                                 2 7 a c a d e m ic in s t it u t io n s

                                                                                                                                                                 > 2 00 p r o je c t s

     I n d us t r i a l a d v i s or y
         b o a r d m e mber

                                                                                                                                   Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
Wide repertoire of research studies and IP                                                                                                                              5

            Type 1                                        Type 2                                   Type 3
       Core Tech Patents                             Sero-diagnostics                        Drug ADR-Response

                 14 Granted                                      3 Filed                                     1 Filed
                   1 Filed                                     20+ Unfiled                                  16 Unfiled
                  2 Unfiled

      Group 1 - Preparing protein arrays with      Aging                 Sjogren’s           Anti TNF
       marker tag to immobilise proteins            Oral Cancer           Zika                Anti IL
      Group 2 - Protein Variant Arrays             NSCLC                 Melanoma            Anti CTLA-4
      Group 3 - BCCP tag                           Type II Diabetes      Malaria             Anti PDL1
      Group 4 - Cytosolic Accessory Proteins       Parkinson’s           Gastric Cancer      Other drugs
      Group 5 - Drug discovery                     Alzheimer’s           Crohn’s
                                                    Prostate Cancer       RA
                                                    Lupus                 Breast Cancer

                                                                                                               Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
The core principle of our KREX protein folding technology                                                            6

>   BCCP: compact, inert, folding marker
>   Biotin is attached ONLY to correctly folded proteins
>   Misfolded proteins misfold BCCP
>   BCCP loses its biotinylation activity
>   Only correctly folded proteins are attached

                                                            Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
Unique surface chemistry                                                                                                    7

> No conventional purification:
  Simultaneous purification and
  immobilisation                     PROTEINS
> KREX proteins retain folded
  structure and function in the     behave as if
  aqueous environment                they are in
> Streptavidin tetramers
  covalently bound to hydrogel      free solution
  layer                                                                                                       COO-
                                                           COO-
> Single attachment point ensures                                 COO-
  consistent orientation of                         COO-                              COO-
  proteins
> Proteins are immobilised onto
  proprietary streptavidin-coated
  HYDROGEL
> Proteins are projected 50
  Angstroms from the glass
  surface

                                                                    Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
Immobilise various biomolecules associated with complex diseases on KREX arrays             8

                                                   PTM & complex protein
               Bacterial protein                                                  Peptide
                                                                           DNA

                                   Viral protein
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
QC of KREX protein arrays demonstrates performance required for downstream assays                                                                 9

   1. Biotinylated marker

   15. Biotinylated marker
   14. Control pPro10
   8. No name

   11. No name
   4. SH3GL1
   3. STAT5A

   6. ERCC5

   13. KRAS2
   5. GPHN

   7. GPC3

   12. GAS7
   9. HRAS
   10. SAV1
   2. SSX1

                                                                               Spot diameter ~25nm
                                                                               202+/-33 streptavidin units per mm2
                                 Dual wavelength scan of an on-array c-Myc     Distance between streptavidin units
                                 assay: Red = Cy5-biotin BSA controls (red);   52.9+/-3.1 nm
                                 Green = C-terminally c-myc-tagged antigens    40,000 binding units / 200mm2 spot

       Western blot analysis                  Anti-c-myc assay                           Streptavidin density

                                                                                         Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
World's only technology that consistently produces full-length, correctly folded, functional proteins - Sengenics
KREX arrays exhibit exceptional sensitivity, specificity and consistency                                                                                              10

                  Very high specificity
            High signal:noise ratio and clearly
                    interpretable hits

                                                                                           Obviates conventional
                                                                                            blood draw and cold chain
                                                     As little as

                                                      1µl                                  Collect samples during
                                                                                            flare-ups
                                                     of serum
                                                     or plasma                             Leverages sensitivity of
                                                      sample
                                                                                            KREX platform

              Highly reproducible                                            Exceptional sensitivity
 Duplicate samples exhibit exceptional performance                      Limit of detection is 10pg/ml range
                   and consistency                                  Single digit µl levels of sample can be used
             (Pearson correlation >0.97)                             Five orders of magnitude dynamic range

                                                                                                             Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Proteins on KREX arrays have been functionally validated                                                                                                             11

> Kinases auto-phosphorylate and Kinase inhibition assays correlate with published data
> DNA binding proteins bind DNA – p53 mutant proteins exhibit differential binding of labelled oligo
> Indirect functional assays

                Kinases autophosphorylate                P53 mutants bind labelled                  Autoimmune disease hits
                  in the presence of ATP              DNA oligo with different Kd values          correlate with published data

                                                                                                             Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
KREX proteins form multimers and are functional on the array                                                                                                                                12

           HETERODIMERS                                  TRIMERS                            ON-ARRAY PTMs                                      FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS

  The detection of the 58 kDa               Western blot analyses of expressed      Quantifying the effect of post-translational       On-chip phosphorylation of p53 by
  hexahistidine-tagged β-subunit (lower     HA variants protein. Two samples        modifications on autoantibody                      casein kinase II (CKII)
  boxes in red) and a band at ~90 kDa       (denatured     and    non-denatured     recognition: neoantigens in colorectal
  (upper boxes in red) under semi-native    proteins) of each HA variant were run   cancer.                                            Protein arrays were incubated in assay
  conditions of all TCR proteins provides   side-by-side on SDS-PAGE gels.                                                             buffer containing ATP in the presence
  evidence for heterodimer complex                                                  Arginine deimidation to citrullene on chip         and absence of CKII
  formation during protein expression in                                            using peptide arginine deimidase 4.                Results: Specific phosphorylation of
  insect cell.                                                                                                                         S392 was detected using residue
                                                                                                                                       specific antiphosphoserine primary
  Only the β-subunit was detected at ~58                                                                                               antibody with detection by secondary
  kDa under denaturing/reducing                                                                                                        antibody-peroxidase conjugate and
  conditions.                                                                                                                          chemiluminescence.

                                                                                                                                       Mutations with “X” denote truncations
                                                                                                                                       due to introduction of premature stop
                                                                                                                                       codons and therefore lack S392

                                                                                                                                   Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
KREX arrays exhibit exceptional consistency with CV% values of
Diverse microarray product & antigen range                                                                                                        14

     High-throughput              Quantification of          Simultaneous screening of                     Multi-antigen,
  autoantibody profiling       autoantibodies to 200+           100+ wild-type and                    multi-domain COVID-19
  against 1600+ proteins   clinically relevant CT antigens          mutant p53                              antibody test

                                                                                         Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
15
Identify all the autoantigens and antigens that make up the

                                             Using Orvar, the totality of all possible
                                         autoantigens and neoantigens representing a
                                        given disease and its sub-types can be identified

  The total number of antigens if you add
  all possible variants of human proteins,
  splice variants of those human proteins
      and neoantigens is in the millions

                                                                      Use KREX to clone, express and attach every single
                                                                      autoantigen or antigen on to a Sengenics protein array

                                                                                       Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Autoantigens identified using Orvar are clinically relevant                                                                                                                        16

   Tissue from Colorectal Cancer (CRC) individuals (cancer and adjacent normal tissue) were characterised on Orvar:
                                                        Plasma samples from CRC and healthy individuals were screened against existing KREX proteins
                                     KREX proteins

                                                                     Positive on both platforms: Wild-type antigens
                                 13.7%                                             Positive on Orvar only: Neoantigens
                                                 9.8%
              54.9%
        New autoantigens
                                         21.6%
                                                                               Homologue autoantigens to KREX proteins which may contain
                                                                               overlapping surface epitopes reactive to the bound autoantibodies

                                                                                                        GO enrichment analysis:
                                                                                                        Results indicate % of antigens with high significance
                                                                                                        (adjusted p-values < 0.01)

                                                                                                                          Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Autoantibodies are superior biomarkers compared to DNA, RNA and proteins                                                      17

                                                                     Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
90% of autoantibodies bind to dis-continuous, conformational epitopes                                                                                               18

     Continuous            Dis-continuous
  Folding independent     Folding dependent
  Non-conformational    Conformational epitope

                                                    1. *Barlow, D. J., Edwards, M. S., & Thornton, J. M. (1986). Continuous and discontinuous protein antigenic
                                                       determinants. Nature, 322(6081), 747–748;
                                                    2. *Van Regenmortel, M. H. V. (2006, May). Immunoinformatics may lead to a reappraisal of the nature of B cell
                                                       epitopes and of the feasibility of synthetic peptide vaccines. Journal of Molecular Recognition, 19(3), 183–187.

                                                                                                           Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Sengenics apps: use protein array technology to diagnose and stratify patients                                                       19

    CANCER        AUTOIMMUNE              NEURO

                                                                                CANCER                          AUTOIMMUNE

      Early diagnosis of diseases using                            Predict response and ADRs
      autoantibodies                                               for cancer and autoimmune
                                                                   drugs using autoantibodies

                                Diagnosis and screening
                                of infectious diseases
                 MICROBES

                                                                            Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Autoantibody assay protocol                                                                                                                             20

                                                                                    Microarray Scanner

     1. Add sample – 1 to 10μl
       (Serum, Plasma, CSF, Lung lavage,
       Tissue homogenate)

                                           2. Autoantibodies in sample
                                           bind quantitatively to proteins
                                           on array

                                                                             3. Scan to Quantify
                                                                             Autoantibody signal by adding
                                                                             anti-IgG secondary antibody

                                                                                               Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
ORVAR autoantigen discovery work flow                                                                                                                                           21

                                                    Autoantigens from
                                                    tissue source

                                                       aAb from
                                                       patient serum

1. Use ORVAR to identify the auto-proteome of
   interest using patient tissue source and serum

                                                                  2. Use KREX to clone, express and attach
                                                                     every single autoantigen on to a
                                                                     Sengenics protein array

                                                                                                             3. High-throughput quantification of
                                                                                                                autoantibodies for intra-disease stratification

                                                                                                                         Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Case Study             Cancer diagnostics in Melanoma                                                                                                                                  22

> Stage I/II Melanoma patients (n=124) vs controls (n=121) profiled on Sengenics Immunome arrays

                   “The test, billed as a world first, is designed to make it easier to spot the skin cancer
                   before it becomes fatal, according to researchers.” - BBC, 18 July 2018

    139 biomarkers based on cut-off of positive score >5.   A panel 10 biomarkers was selected based on a                Biomarkers appear primarily related to general
    VEGFb, p53, MITF, KIT and MLANA have previously been    random forest and classification tree analysis, resulted a   cancer pathways, including apoptosis,
    associated with cancer and Melanoma                     combined sensitivity 84% and specificity 79% and an AUC of   pathways associated with the immune
                                                            0.828. Biomarkers Panel : ZBTB7B, PRKCH, TP53, PCTK1,        response and cell cycle, p53 signaling and the
                                                            PQBP1, UBE2V1, IRF4, MAPK8_tv2, MSN and TPM1                 MAPK signalling pathway, the main pathway
                                                                                                                         associated with melanomagenesis
         Zaenker, Pauline et al. 2018

                                                                                                                               Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Case Study            Stratification of Melanoma patients to Pembro using autoantibodies                                                                                                    23
                                                                                      250000        CTAG2
                                                                                                                                                                                              24A
                                                                                      200000

                                                                     Average RFU
                                                                                                                                 NY-ESO-1                                                     24B
> Study Design:                                                                       150000
                                                                                                                                                                                              24C
                                                                                      100000
   > Metastatic melanoma, BRAF mutant patients, treated                                                                                                                                       24D
                                                                                       50000
     with either Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1)                                                                                                                                                    24E
                                                                                              0

                                                                                                     COL6A1

                                                                                                      DDX53

                                                                                                       ITGB1

                                                                                                     SPANXC
                                                                                                     NANOG

                                                                                                         PBK

                                                                                                         TYR
                                                                                                      BAGE4

                                                                                                      DPPA4

                                                                                                      GAGE1
                                                                                                      GAGE5

                                                                                                  MAGEA4v2
                                                                                                    MAGEA5
                                                                                                    MAGEB6
                                                                                                      MAPK3

                                                                                                        TPTE
                                                                                                       PRKCZ

                                                                                                         SILV
                                                                                                     CDC25A
                                                                                                        CDK7

                                                                                                      CTAG2

                                                                                                  p53 Q136x
                                                                                                    p53 S46A

                                                                                                      ROPN1

                                                                                                      SPO11
                                                                                                      CALM1

                                                                                                   CXorf48.1

                                                                                                          FES

                                                                                                         LIP1

                                                                                                   NY-CO-45

                                                                                                  p53 K382R
                                                                                                        AKT1

                                                                                                   MAGEA11
                                                                                                   5T4/TPBG

                                                                                                      CSAG2

                                                                                                        GDF3

                                                                                                        OIP5

                                                                                                      SPAG9

                                                                                                       SSX2A

                                                                                                   XAGE3av1
                                                                                                       SYCP1
   > Patient sera collected at different points of treatment
     (baseline, post-treatment 1, 2 etc.)
   > Sera screened on the KREX arrays for the
     quantification of autoantibodies towards CT antigens                             25000                                             p53 S15A
                                                                                                                                          p53 S46A
                                                                                      20000
> Figures show autoantibody profiles across 3

                                                                     Average RFU
                                                                                                                                   p53 K382R
                                                                                      15000                                         p53
                                                                                                                                  p53   L344P
                                                                                                                                      C141Y
  patients treated with Pembro whom were reported                                                                                          P53 T18A
                                                                                      10000
  to have;                                                                                                                                                                                    47A
                                                                                       5000                                                                                                   47B
     > complete response (top)
                                                                                          0
     > disease progression (middle)

                                                                                                     COL6A1

                                                                                                      DDX53

                                                                                                       ITGB1

                                                                                                  MAGEA4v2
                                                                                                    MAGEA5
                                                                                                    MAGEB6

                                                                                                         TYR
                                                                                                         PBK
                                                                                                      BAGE4

                                                                                                      DPPA4

                                                                                                      GAGE1
                                                                                                      GAGE5

                                                                                                      MAPK3

                                                                                                     SPANXC
                                                                                                     NANOG

                                                                                                        TPTE
                                                                                                        CDK7

                                                                                                      CTAG2

                                                                                                       PRKCZ
                                                                                                          FES

                                                                                                      ROPN1
                                                                                                         SILV
                                                                                                      CALM1
                                                                                                     CDC25A

                                                                                                      SPO11
                                                                                                        AKT1
                                                                                                   5T4/TPBG

                                                                                                      CSAG2

                                                                                                   CXorf48.1

                                                                                                        GDF3

                                                                                                         LIP1
                                                                                                   MAGEA11

                                                                                                   NY-CO-45
                                                                                                        OIP5
                                                                                                  p53 K382R
                                                                                                  p53 Q136x
                                                                                                    p53 S46A

                                                                                                      SPAG9

                                                                                                       SSX2A
                                                                                                       SYCP1

                                                                                                   XAGE3av1
     > initially stable and then disease progression
       (bottom)
                                                                                      300000            DDX53
> Differences in autoantibody signatures observed                                     250000
  suggest the platform’s potential in providing a                                     200000                            MAGEB6
                                                                                                                       MAGEB1

                                                                        Average RFU
                                                                                                    CTAG2                        NY-ESO-1
  practical route to patient stratification prior to                                  150000                                                                                                  51A
                                                                                      100000
  treatment                                                                                                                                                                                   51C
                                                                                       50000
                                                                                           0                                                                                                  51D

                                                                                                     COL6A1

                                                                                                      DDX53

                                                                                                       ITGB1
                                                                                                      BAGE4

                                                                                                      DPPA4

                                                                                                  MAGEA4v2
                                                                                                    MAGEA5
                                                                                                    MAGEB6
                                                                                                      GAGE1
                                                                                                      GAGE5

                                                                                                         PBK

                                                                                                     SPANXC
                                                                                                      MAPK3
                                                                                                     NANOG

                                                                                                        TPTE
                                                                                                         TYR
                                                                                                        CDK7

                                                                                                      CTAG2

                                                                                                          FES

                                                                                                      ROPN1
                                                                                                      CALM1

                                                                                                       PRKCZ

                                                                                                         SILV
                                                                                                     CDC25A

                                                                                                      SPO11
                                                                                                        AKT1

                                                                                                      CSAG2

                                                                                                   CXorf48.1

                                                                                                        GDF3

                                                                                                         LIP1
                                                                                                   MAGEA11

                                                                                                   NY-CO-45

                                                                                                  p53 K382R
                                                                                                  p53 Q136x
                                                                                                    p53 S46A
                                                                                                   5T4/TPBG

                                                                                                        OIP5

                                                                                                      SPAG9

                                                                                                       SSX2A
                                                                                                       SYCP1

                                                                                                   XAGE3av1
                                                               Source: Unpublished data in collaboration with ONCJRI
                                                                                                                                    Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Case Study               Diagnostic biomarkers in SLE                                                                                                                                    24

> Two independent studies both identified well-known SLE autoantigens TROVE2 (Ro60) and SSB (La) showing the most significant
  difference between SLE and healthy cohorts. (Study 1: 86 SLE patients vs 90 matched healthy individuals Study 2: 10 SLE patients
  vs 10 healthy individuals)
> These studies also identified previously reported SLE autoantigens such as PRM1 (U.S. Patent Application No. 14/418,700). The
  array also validated other previously reported SLE autoantigens PSME3 (also known as Ki) (M. Matsushita, 2004)

    Volcano plot summarising the results from a comparison analysis of 86 SLE   Comparison analysis of 10 SLE patients VS 10 matched healthy samples run on the
    patients VS 90 matched healthy samples run on the Sengenics Immunome        Sengenics Immunome array in Study 2
    array in Study 1

                                                                                                                                                Lewis, M. J., et. al. 2018

                                                                                                                                 Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Case Study             Autoimmune patient stratification in Lupus                                                                                                                   25

> Autoantibody profiles stratify SLE patients significantly based on disease trajectories – potential therapeutic targets based on severity
> Identified autoantigens cluster into functional groups, hinting at differing underlying pathogenic mechanisms and possibly at differing treatments
  for the SLE subgroups
> 13 of the novel antigens directly implicated in SLE pathogenesis

                                                                                        B

          Unsupervised clustering of the autoantibody repertoire revealed                Two key themes emerged: cluster 2 autoantigens centred around
          four distinct SLE clusters (1a, 1b, 2, 3) in discovery and validation          SMAD2 and SMAD5 were linked to TGF-b/Wnt/BMP signalling;
          cohort. These clusters represent distinct molecular subtype of SLE             cluster 3 autoantigens were implicated in TLR/NF-kB signalling,
          and different response to treatment                                            apoptosis regulation, and B and T lymphocyte development.

                                                                                                                                           Lewis, M. J., et. al. 2018

                                                                                                                            Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Case Study            Autoimmune patient stratification in Lupus                                                                                                                 26

> Autoantibody profiles stratify SLE patients significantly based on disease trajectories – potential therapeutic targets based on severity
> Identified autoantigens cluster into functional groups, hinting at differing underlying pathogenic mechanisms and possibly at differing treatments
  for the SLE subgroups
> 13 of the novel antigens directly implicated in SLE pathogenesis

           Red = subgroup 1a
           Purple = subgroup                                                                                                  B-cell-directed therapies?
           1b                                                                                                                 (e.g. Rituximab)
           Green = subgroup 2
           Blue = subgroup 3

                                                                                                                           Non-B-cell-directed therapies?
                                                                                                                           (e.g. cyclophosphamide)

                                                                                                                                        Lewis, M. J., et. al. 2018

                                                                                                                         Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Publication             Anti-TROVE2 Antibody Determined as a Predictive Marker for Adalimumab                                                                                  27
                        Immunogenicity and Effectiveness in RA                          Good responders

Anti-drug antibody (ADAb) positive vs negative patients at
baseline and at week 24 of adalimumab therapy
> Results:
    > Panel of top 8 biomarkers identified: autoantibodies
                                                                Heat map showing clear
        against TROVE2, SSB, NDE1, ZHX2, SH3GL1, CARD9,         distinction between poor
        PTON20, and KLHL12                                      and good (purple box)
    > Combined discriminatory power with:                       responders to adalimumab
                                                                therapy
           > Sensitivity = 77%
           > Specificity = 81%

                                                                                                   Panel: 8 biomarkers
                                                                                                   Mean sensitivity: 0.774
                                                                                                   Mean specificity: 0.806
                                                                Mean distribution plot from        Mean accuracy: 0.790
                                                                random forest analysis showing a
                                                                panel consisting of 8 biomarkers
                                                                resulting in the most stable
                                                                performance
        Anti-TROVE2 had the highest individual discriminating
        ability, and may serve as a novel predictor of
        adalimumab immunogenicity. Plasma autoantibody
        levels against TROVE2 correlated positively with ADAb
        titres and negatively with drug levels
                                                                Chen, P. K. et. al., 2021
                                                                Patent no. 10202011473Y
                                                                                                                      Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Proposed study design and phases to validation and commercialisation                                                            28

            Pilot study         Validation               Custom            Clinical
          Matched samples       Training and           Signature ID     FDA process
            Time points         Validation set        +Orvar proteins    Regulatory

              6 weeks             8 weeks                12 weeks

2500

2000

1500

1000

 500

   0
                                            Samples   Proteins

                                                                        Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Study design is dependent on disease type and heterogeneity                                                                                                                                                                       29

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Percentage of
                                              Sample Size Estimation and Power Calculation for Various Diseases                                 Category         Type of Disease             Power (%)             Biomarkers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   2%            1%
                                     800
                                                                                                                                                                                               90.00%              153           250
                                                                                                                                                              Rheumatoid Arthritis             95.00%              189           309
  Number of sample size estimation

                                     700
                                                                                                                                                                                               99.00%              267           437
                                     600
                                                                                                                                               Autoimmune
                                                                                                                                                                                               90.00%              128           221
                                                                                                                                                               Sjogren’s syndrome              95.00%              149           256
                                     500
                                                                                                                                                                                               99.00%              191           329
                                     400                                                                                                                                                       90.00%               91           116
                                                                                                                                                                 Gastric Cancer                95.00%              113           143
                                     300
                                                                                                                                                                                               99.00%              159           203
                                                                                                                                                 Cancer
                                     200                                                                                                                                                       90.00%               57            90
                                                                                                                                                               Non-small-cell lung
                                                                                                                                                                                               95.00%               66           104
                                     100
                                                                                                                                                               carcinoma (NSCLC)
                                                                                                                                 Statistical                                                   99.00%               85           134
                                                                                                                                   Power
                                      0
                                                                                                                                                                                               90.00%              160           182
                                                                                                                                                Metabolic
                                           0.9 0.95 0.99 0.9 0.95 0.99 0.9 0.95 0.99 0.9 0.95 0.99 0.9 0.95 0.99 0.9 0.95 0.99                                Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)            95.00%              186           211
                                                                                                                                                Disorder
                                             NSCLC      Gastric Cancer     T2D         Sjogren      Rheumatoid     Parkinson                                                                   99.00%              239           271
                                                                                      Syndrome        Athritis                                                                                 90.00%              357           427
                                                                                                                                               Neurological         Parkinson                  95.00%              442           528
                                                      Percentage of Biomarkers          2%        1%
                                                                                                                                                                                               99.00%              624           746

                                                                                                                                                                        Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Sengenics publications                                                                                                                                                                                                    30

                      Autoantibodies Targeting TLR and SMAD Pathways Define New Subgroups in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
                      Lewis, Myles J. et al. 2018

                      Identification of Novel Native Autoantigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis
                      Poulsen, Thomas B. G. et al. 2020
A U T O I M M U N E
                      Detection of Putative Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematous using a Novel Native-conformation Protein Microarray Platform
                      Mak, Anselm. et al. 2020

                      Anti-TROVE2 Antibody Determined by Immune-Related Array May Serve as a Predictive Marker for Adalimumab Immunogenicity and Effectiveness in RA
                      Chen, Der-Yuan et al. 2021

                      Functional Protein Microarrays for Parallel Characterisation of P53 Mutants
                      Boutell, Jonathan M. et al. 2004

                      Seromic Analysis of Antibody Responses in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients and Healthy Donors Using Conformational Protein Arrays
                      Gnjatic, Sacha et al. 2009

                      Protein Function Microarrays: Design, Use and Bioinformatic Analysis in Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Quantitation
                      Duarte, Jessica et al. 2013

                      Serologic Autoantibodies as Diagnostic Cancer Biomarkers — A Review
                      Zaenker, Pauline et al. 2013

C A N C E R           Development Of A Novel, Quantitative Protein Microarray Platform for the Multiplexed Serological Analysis of Autoantibodies to Cancer-Testis Antigens
                      Beeton-Kempen, Natasha et al. 2014

                      Novel Potential Serological Prostate Cancer Biomarkers Using CT100+ Cancer Antigen Microarray Platform in a Multi-Cultural South African Cohort
                      Adeola, Henry A et al. 2016

                      Autoantibodies May Predict Immune-Related Toxicity: Results from a Phase I Study of Intralesional Bacillus Calmette–Guérin followed by Ipilimumab in Patients with Advanced
                      Metastatic Melanoma
                      Da Gama Duarte, Jessica et al. 2018

                      A Diagnostic Autoantibody Signature for Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
                      Zaenker, Pauline et al. 2018

                      B cells and Antibody Production in Melanoma
                      Da Gama Duarte, Jessica et al. 2018

                                                                                                                                                                 Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Sengenics publications                                                                                                                                                                                                 31

                      Augmentation of Autoantibodies by Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson’s Disease Patients May Be Linked to Greater Severity
N E U R O
                      Suwarnalata, Gunasekaran et al. 2016

                      Autoantibody Profile of Patients Infected with Knowlesi Malaria
                      Liew, Jonathan et al. 2015

                      Identifying Protein Biomarkers in Predicting Disease Severity of Dengue Virus Infection Using Immune-Related Protein Microarray
                      Soe, Hui Jen et al. 2018
M I C R O B I A L
                      COVID-19 Antibody Testing: From Hype to Immunological Reality
                      Blackburn, Jonathan M et al. 2020

                      Quantitative, Epitope-specific, Serological Screening of COVID-19 Patients Using a Novel Multiplexed Array-based Immunoassay Platform
                      Blackburn, Jonathan M et al. 2020

                      A Novel Method to Identify Autoantibodies against Putative Target Proteins in Serum from beta-Thalassemia Major: A Pilot Study
                      Sumera, Afshan et. al. 2020
O T H E R
                      Potential Novel Proteomic Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Vertebral Osteomyelitis Identified using an Immunomics Protein Array Technique
                      Chen, Chang-Hua et al. 2020

                      Protein Function Microarrays for Customised Systems-Oriented Proteome Analysis
                      Blackburn, Jonathan M, and Shoko, Aubrey 2011

                      Advances in the Development of Human Protein Microarrays
                      Duarte, Jessica G, and Blackburn, Jonathan M 2017
T E C H N O L O G Y
                      Autoantibody-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers: Technological Approaches to Discovery and Validation
                      Aziz, Farhanah et al. 2018

                      Applications of Functional Protein Arrays for Detection and Development of Autoantibody-based Diagnostics and Therapeutics
                      Aziz, Farhanah et al. 2018

                                                                                                                                                              Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
Impact and benefits of using KREX and Orvar technologies                                                                                32

            Use KREX protein arrays to discover high-accuracy autoantibody signatures

  Diagnose cancers/autoimmune diseases earlier        Predict irAEs at baseline for IO and autoimmune drugs

    High PPV/NPV drug response prediction                            Intra-disease stratification

                                                                               Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
SEROMAX blood collection kit                                                                                                                                                 33

How to use SEROMAX

   1. Wipe alcohol swab across your fingertip   3. Prick finger by pushing lancet firmly down            5. Gently drip blood onto all 4 circles of the
   2. Twist off the cap from the lancet         with your other hand                                     blood card
                                                4. Press finger lightly towards the puncture             6. Insert blood card into the biohazard bag
                                                site to obtain blood                                     before posting the box back to your service
                                                                                                         provider

                                                               Sample collection kit which only requires a pin-prick amount of blood for
                                                                 quantifying antibodies or autoantibodies
                                                               Obviates conventional blood draw and cold chain
                                                               Leverages sensitivity of KREX platform
                                                               Enables sample collection during flare-up events

                                                                                                                    Confidential © 2008–2021 Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd
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