Workplace Violence: Protecting Health Care Workers - PSAW Virtual Learning Hour 3/16/2021
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Continuing Education Credits This educational activity offers 1.00 contact hours for the following: Physicians and Nurses In support of improving patient care, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. This continuing education activity carries 1 Contact Hour for nurses and physicians. The Institute for Healthcare Improvements designates this live activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Certified Professional in Patient Safety Recertification A total of 1.00 contact hours is available toward the fulfillment of the requirements of CPPS (Certified Professional in Patient Safety) recertification. Healthcare Executive This program has been approved for 1 hour of education credit toward advancement or recertification by the American College of Healthcare Executives. You will be able to claim credits on the educational platform after the event and must be completed within 30 days. Instructions will be shared via email.
Disclosure Acknowledgement of Commercial Support No commercial support was received for this activity. Faculty & Staff Disclosure Mary Beth Kingston, PhD, RN, NEA-BC, FAAN has declared no relevant financial relationships. Stephen Muething, MD has declared no relevant financial relationships. Amar Shah, MD has declared no relevant financial relationships. Jeffrey Brady, MD, MPH has declared no relevant financial relationships. Patricia McGaffigan, RN, MS, CPPS has declared no relevant financial relationships. Sara Kramer has declared no relevant financial relationships.
Criteria for Completion • Register for the event • Login to the event • Attend 100% of the event • Complete the online evaluation survey
Learning Objectives • Identify risk factors that are associated with workplace violence • Describe successful practices and interventions for addressing workplace violence • Consider resources that may be integrated into your organization’s workplace violence prevention program
Faculty Bio Patricia A. McGaffigan, RN, MS, CPPS, Vice President, Safety Programs, Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), previously served as COO and Senior VP of Programs at the National Patient Safety Foundation until 2017, when the Foundation merged with IHI. Her prior experience includes clinical practice, academia, and leadership roles in education and marketing positions for several start-up and established medical device companies focused on improving patient safety. Ms. McGaffigan is a Certified Professional in Patient Safety, a graduate of the AHA- NPSF Patient Safety Leadership Fellowship Program, and a member of the American Society for Professionals in Patient Safety. She was awarded the distinguished Lifetime Member Award from the American Association of Critical Care Nurses. She serves on a wide range of national committees related to safety and is a Board of Director for Medically Induced Trauma Support Services. She received her BS with a major in Nursing from Boston College, and her MS with a major in Nursing from Boston University.
Faculty Bio Jeffrey Brady, MD, MPH, has served as the Director of AHRQ’s Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety since 2014. He is as a member of the AHRQ Senior Leadership Team and manages a part of the Agency that conducts several AHRQ programs. Dr. Brady led the AHRQ Patient Safety Research Program from 2009 to 2014, and in a prior position, he led the team that produces the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report, an annual report to Congress on the status of health care quality in the United States. Before moving to AHRQ in 2006, Dr. Brady served as a medical officer for the Food and Drug Administration’s Office of Vaccines. Additionally, he has held positions as a medical epidemiologist for the Department of Defense and primary care physician aboard the U.S.S. Coronado while serving in the U.S. Navy. Rear Admiral Brady retired from active duty in the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service in 2019. He attended the Medical College of Georgia, completed internship training in Internal Medicine at the Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, and earned a Master’s degree in public health from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) in Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Brady completed the Navy’s General Preventive Medicine Residency, also at USUHS, and is board-certified in Public Health and General Preventive Medicine.
Faculty Bio Amar Shah, MD is Consultant forensic psychiatrist & Chief Quality Officer at East London NHS Foundation Trust (ELFT). He leads at executive and Board level at ELFT on quality, performance, strategy, planning and business intelligence. He is the national improvement lead for mental health at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, leading a number of large-scale improvement collaboratives on the topics of suicide prevention, restrictive practice and sexual safety. Amar is also chair of the quality improvement faculty at the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Amar is an improvement advisor and faculty member for the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, teaching and guiding improvers and healthcare systems across the world. He is honorary visiting professor at the University of Leicester. Amar has completed an executive MBA in healthcare management, a masters in mental health law and a postgraduate certificate in medical education. Amar is a regular national and international keynote speaker at healthcare improvement conferences and has published over 40 peer-review articles in the field of quality management.
Faculty Bio Stephen E. Muething, MD is the Chief Quality Officer and the Co-Director of the James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Professor of Pediatrics at The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. Dr. Muething was awarded the Michael and Suzette Fisher Family Chair for Safety at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. He focuses on the strategic goals of Cincinnati Children’s to improve all aspects of care including safety, outcomes, experience, affordability, and population health. Dr Muething serves as a lead faculty and mentor in the quality improvement development program at the Anderson Center. His research and national impact focuses on high reliability, large scale healthcare safety, lean culture transformation and development of learning networks nationally. He has taught all over the United States and more than a dozen countries. He has led or served on multiple national initiatives including the National Steering Committee for Healthcare Safety. Dr Muething was one of the founders of the Children’s Hospital Solution for Patient Safety (SPS) and now serves as the Strategic Advisor. This network of more than 140 children’s hospitals across the United States and Canada is collaborating to eliminate all harm for both patients and staff.
Faculty Bio Mary Beth Kingston, PhD, RN, NEA-BC, FAAN has been in the role of Chief Nursing Officer for Advocate Aurora Health since April, 2018 following the merger of Advocate Health and Aurora Health Care where she serves as a member of the executive leadership team and is responsible for nursing practice and standards, as well as patient experience. She joined Aurora Health Care in 2012. An area of focus in her work is on creating healthy and safe work environments. Mary Beth co-led the workforce safety sub-committee of the IHI National Steering Committee on Patient Safety. Mary Beth is currently serving on the board of the Milwaukee Urban League in Milwaukee and was recently elected to the American Hospital Association board of trustees (2021-2023). She served on the board of the American Organization of Nurse Executives from 2014-2016 and was President in 2019. She is a 2020 recipient of the American Assembly for Men in Nursing’s Inclusion and Diversity Award (IDEA), a Robert Wood Johnson Executive Nurse Fellow from 2009-2012 and a 2007 recipient of the Pennsylvania Nightingale Award for Nursing Administration. Mary Beth was inducted as a fellow in the American Academy of Nursing in 2020.
Welcome… @TheIHI; #PSAW21
12 Workplace Violence • Incidents where workers are abused, threatened, or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, involving an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being, or health.1 • An action (verbal, written, or physical) intended to cause or causing death or serious bodily injury to oneself or others, or damage to property. Includes abusive behavior toward authority, intimidating or harassing behavior, and 1. who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/activities/workplace/en/. threats.2 2. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/centers-offices/human-resources- center/policies/workplace-violence-program/appendices
Safer Together: A National Action Plan to Advance Patient Safety • Illuminates the collective insights of 27 organizations that make up the National Steering Committee for Patient Safety, who are united in their efforts to achieve truly safer care and reduce harm to patients and those who care for them • Provides clear direction for making significant advances toward safer care and reduced harm across the continuum of care across four foundational areas: • Culture, Leadership, Governance • Patient and Family Engagement • Learning Systems www.ihi.org/SafetyActionPlan • Workforce Safety 14
Reducing physical violence at East London NHS Foundation Trust Dr Amar Shah Chief Quality Officer @DrAmarShah
Mental health services Community health services Newham, Tower Hamlets, City & Hackney, Luton & Bedfordshire Newham, Tower Hamlets & Bedfordshire Forensic services All above & Waltham Forest, Redbridge, Barking, Dagenham, IAPT Havering Newham, Tower Hamlets, Richmond and Bedfordshire Child & Adolescent services, including tier 4 inpatient service Primary Care Regional Mother & Baby unit 16
Violence levels over the last few years… Number of patient on staff Violent Incidents reported in the NHS 80000 70000 60000 Number of incidents 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2004-2005 2005-2006 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 Three times as many violent incidents occur in mental health services than other NHS services 17
Local Context 18
Impact… Physical injury Dread of work Psychological: Service users Stress, Fear, Trauma feeling threatened and fearful Staff sickness Ward team Experience often depleted resonates with histories of abuse Negative feelings amongst team Changes service users behaviour (e.g. staying in rooms Morale drops Staff leave Staff desensitized Impedes recovery Bank staff won’t take shifts on ward… Service users spend longer on ward 19
Literature search presented to team as part of developing theory of change To reduce physical violence by 30% by Dec 2013 One of our first ever QI projects at East London NHS FT, starting in 2012… With no real support structure, and before we knew what we were doing!
Time between events / days 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 04-Jan-12 20-Feb-12 07-Mar-12 No. of Incidents 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 29-Mar-12 5.26 Jan-12 31-Mar-12 Feb-12 19-Apr-12 Mar-12 09-May-12 Apr-12 4.00 May-12 07-Jun-12 Jun-12 22-Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 29-Jul-12 No. of Incidents Sep-12 28-Aug-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 14-Sep-12 Dec-12 21-Sep-12 Jan-13 Feb-13 25-Oct-12 Mar-13 41 09-Jan-13 Apr-13 2012 May-13 05-May-13 Jun-13 02-Jul-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 10-Oct-13 Sep-13 10-Jan-14 Oct-13 13 Nov-13 2013 11-Jan-14 Dec-13 12.33 26-Feb-14 Jan-14 Feb-14 02-Jun-14 12 Jul 16 Mar-14 last incident 18 days since 26-Jun-14 Apr-14 May-14 17 22-Dec-14 2014 Jun-14 20-Mar-15 Jul-14 Aug-14 26-Aug-15 Sep-14 47.73 02-Mar-16 Oct-14 Nov-14 Days between incidents of physical violence (Globe ward) - T Chart 12-Jul-16 6 Dec-14 2015 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 4 Jul-15 Aug-15 2016 (so far) Incidents resulting in physical violence in Globe ward Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 0.50 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Incidents resulting in physical violence (Globe ward) - Run Chart
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Bow Ward Westferry Broadgate Ward Ward Ruth Seifert Ward Shoreditch Ward Forensics Clerkenwell Ward Conolly Brett Ward Ward City & Ludgate Clissold Ward Ward Mother and Baby Hackney Joshua East India Ward Ash Ward Unit Ward Jade Willow Ward Ward Bevan Gardner PICU Ward Luton & Topaz Ward Bedford- Brick Lane Crystal Opal Crystal Ward shire Townsend Court Ward PICU Ward Roman Mill Ward harbour Coral Onyx Newham Ward Ward Tower Ruby Triage Emerald Ward Hamlets Globe Rosebank Ward Jade Sapphire Ward Ward Lea Ward
Violence reduction on acute wards and 16 Incidents resulting in physical violence (Acute wards only) per 1000 occupied bed days (OBD) - U Chart Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) 14 UCL No. of Incidents per 1000 OBD 12 10 8 6 4 5.78 2.47 2 0 Incidents resulting in physical violence (PICU wards only) 90 per 1000 occupied bed days (OBD) - U Chart 80 UCL Tower Hamlets 70 No. of Incidents per 1000 OBD 60 50 Brick Lane Ward 40 34.98 30 17.05 Roman Mill 20 Ward harbour 10 0 15-Sep-14 14-Sep-15 01-Feb-16 29-Feb-16 03-Feb-14 02-Feb-15 23-Jun-14 22-Jun-15 20-Jun-16 10-Nov-14 09-Nov-15 21-Jul-14 20-Jul-15 13-Oct-14 12-Oct-15 08-Dec-14 07-Dec-15 04-Jan-16 06-Jan-14 05-Jan-15 23-May-16 26-May-14 25-May-15 25-Apr-16 28-Apr-14 27-Apr-15 28-Mar-16 03-Mar-14 31-Mar-14 02-Mar-15 30-Mar-15 18-Aug-14 17-Aug-15 Globe Rosebank Ward Lea Ward Globe Ward 25
Violence reduction on acute wards and Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) Ruth Seifert Ward Conolly Brett Ward Ward City & Mother Hackney Joshua and Baby Unit Ward Bevan Gardner Brick Lane PICU Ward Ward Topaz Roman Mill Ward Ward harbour Crystal Opal Tower PICU Ward Hamlets Globe Rosebank Newham Ward Ruby Emerald Triage Ward Globe Lea Ward Ward Jade Sapphire Ward Ward 88% 57% 26
Newham Violence Reduction Collaborative 28% reduction City and Hackney Violence Reduction Collaborative 40% reduction 28
No. of Incidents per 100,000 OBD No. of Incidents per 1,000 OBD 150 250 350 450 550 650 750 850 3 5 7 9 11 13 Jan-13 Feb-13 LCL UCL Mar-13 2013 Apr-13 May-13 9.778 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 2014 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 2015 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 5.832 Oct-14 2016 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 2017 Jun-15 Jul-15 Physical violence to patients (per 100,000 occupied bed days) Aug-15 Sep-15 No. of Incidents per 100,000 OBD Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 150 250 350 450 550 650 750 850 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 2013 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 2014 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 6.730 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 2015 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 2016 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 2017 Jul-18 Aug-18 Physical violence to staff (per 100,000 occupied bed days) Incidents resulting in physical violence (Trustwide) - U Chart 29
Learning #1: Bring people together to share their experiences and start the conversation
Learning #2: Involve the whole community. Use creative techniques to enable people to express their feelings and hopes.
Learning #3: Find ways to keep it local and FUN!
Co-design the strategy… Engagement of the system = joy in work! 33
A structure for oversight and learning… 34
OUTCOME MEASURES No. of Incidents per 1000 OBD No. of Incidents per 1000 OBD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 06-Jan-14 20-Jan-14 06-Jan-14 03-Feb-14 20-Jan-14 LCL UCL 03-Feb-14 LCL UCL 17-Feb-14 03-Mar-14 17-Feb-14 17-Mar-14 03-Mar-14 31-Mar-14 17-Mar-14 14-Apr-14 31-Mar-14 28-Apr-14 14-Apr-14 12-May-14 28-Apr-14 26-May-14 12-May-14 09-Jun-14 26-May-14 09-Jun-14 23-Jun-14 23-Jun-14 07-Jul-14 07-Jul-14 21-Jul-14 21-Jul-14 04-Aug-14 04-Aug-14 18-Aug-14 18-Aug-14 01-Sep-14 01-Sep-14 15-Sep-14 15-Sep-14 29-Sep-14 29-Sep-14 13-Oct-14 13-Oct-14 27-Oct-14 27-Oct-14 10-Nov-14 10-Nov-14 24-Nov-14 24-Nov-14 08-Dec-14 08-Dec-14 22-Dec-14 22-Dec-14 05-Jan-15 05-Jan-15 19-Jan-15 19-Jan-15 02-Feb-15 02-Feb-15 16-Feb-15 16-Feb-15 02-Mar-15 02-Mar-15 16-Mar-15 16-Mar-15 30-Mar-15 30-Mar-15 13-Apr-15 13-Apr-15 27-Apr-15 27-Apr-15 11-May-15 11-May-15 25-May-15 25-May-15 08-Jun-15 08-Jun-15 22-Jun-15 22-Jun-15 06-Jul-15 06-Jul-15 per 1000 occupied bed days (OBD) - U Chart per 1000 occupied bed days (OBD) - U Chart Incidents resulting in staff injury Incidents resulting in Physical Violence 20-Jul-15 20-Jul-15 Time between events / Time between ev ents / No. of Incidents per 1000 OBD No. of Incidents per 1000 OBD days day s 0 5 10 15 20 100 0 20 40 60 80 A measurement system for learning… 100 150 0 0 20 40 60 50 06-Jan-14 06-Jan-14 10-Jan-14 05-Jan-14 20-Jan-14 20-Jan-14 03-Feb-14 03-Feb-14 LCL LCL UCL UCL 21-Mar-14 13-Jan-14 17-Feb-14 17-Feb-14 27-Mar-14 03-Mar-14 03-Mar-14 29-Jan-14 17-Mar-14 17-Mar-14 22-Apr-14 31-Mar-14 29-Jan-14 31-Mar-14 26-Jun-14 14-Apr-14 14-Apr-14 12-Feb-14 28-Apr-14 28-Apr-14 20-Jul-14 12-May-14 12-May-14 07-Mar-14 26-May-14 26-May-14 06-Aug-14 30-Mar-14 09-Jun-14 09-Jun-14 25-Aug-14 23-Jun-14 23-Jun-14 29-Sep-14 05-Apr-14 07-Jul-14 07-Jul-14 21-Jul-14 21-Jul-14 Key 30-Oct-14 19-Apr-14 04-Aug-14 04-Aug-14 19-Apr-14 18-Aug-14 18-Aug-14 12-Nov-14 01-Sep-14 01-Sep-14 20-Nov-14 22-Apr-14 15-Sep-14 15-Sep-14 29-Sep-14 29-Sep-14 29-Nov-14 30-Apr-14 13-Oct-14 13-Oct-14 20-Dec-14 27-Oct-14 27-Oct-14 01-May-14 10-Nov-14 10-Nov-14 Trust-wide data 21-Dec-14 02-Jun-14 24-Nov-14 24-Nov-14 07-Jan-15 08-Dec-14 08-Dec-14 Tower Hamlets data 20-Jun-14 22-Dec-14 22-Dec-14 11-Jan-15 05-Jan-15 05-Jan-15 21-Jun-14 19-Jan-15 13-Jan-15 19-Jan-15 26-Jun-14 02-Feb-15 02-Feb-15 03-Feb-15 16-Feb-15 16-Feb-15 02-Jul-14 02-Mar-15 02-Mar-15 14-Feb-15 16-Mar-15 16-Mar-15 09-Aug-14 30-Mar-15 30-Mar-15 23-Feb-15 21-Nov-14 13-Apr-15 13-Apr-15 21-Mar-15 27-Apr-15 27-Apr-15 23-Mar-15 08-Mar-15 11-May-15 11-May-15 25-May-15 25-May-15 27-Mar-15 20-Apr-15 08-Jun-15 08-Jun-15 17-Jun-15 06-May-15 22-Jun-15 22-Jun-15 06-Jul-15 06-Jul-15 Individual ward data Combined wards data per 1000 occupied bed days (OBD) - U Chart Incidents of Physical Violence (Acute wards only) Incidents of Physical Violence (PICU's only) 20-Jul-15 20-Jul-15 per 1000 occupied bed days (OBD) - U Chart 16-May-15 Days between incidents resulting in staff injury (Acute wards only) - T Chart 29-Jul-15 Days between incidents resulting in staff injury (PICU's only) - T Chart 35
Build local control systems to sustain the gains… Everyone's Responsibilities Visual management boards Task Daily Weekly MonthlyAs required Tools required Red/Orange/Green/Purple dots or pens Put dots on the safety cross as an incident happen on the ward x Definition of incident types (colour dots) Change the safety cross (frequency depends on type of safety Printed copies for daily or monthly safety crosses cross used by the ward) x x Safety Huddle book Call/Participate/record safety huddle at least twice a day x Follow up on safety huddle plans/actions x Active/Lead/Guide/participate in safety discussion in community meetings x Bring safety cross to meeting Participate in patient led safety huddles x Have access to LifeQI for violence reduction data x LifeQi log ins Induct new starters x Welcome packs Modern Matrons/Ward Managers Allocate who will input LifeQi data x Present and interpret data to MDT/community meetings x LifeQi log ins Allocate time in away days to discuss performance (review), compare to standards (reflect), and any actions required (react) x to prevent detorioration Data Service Users Participate in Service User led safety huddle x Induct new service users to the ward x Welcome pack Ward, unit and Trustwide huddles to review, reflect & react 36
Thank you! @DrAmarShah 37
Cincinnati Children’s and the Children’s Hospital Learning Network: Sharing Our Experience Stephen Muething, MD Chief Quality Officer Co-Director, James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence Professor of Pediatrics
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Cincinnati Children’s Snapshot Over 15,000 employees and 678 Beds More than 20 sites of care, >120 mental health beds >1.2 million patient encounters Patients from 50 states and nearly 70 countries, employees from >90 countries >2600 students; >380 residents; >640 fellows >1200 new employees every year >100 continuous clinical trials Vision: To be the leader in improving child health 40 40 40
Safer Together: Safety Culture Awareness Training curriculum • Head – I know when to speak up focuses on the • Heart – I feel safe to speak up importance of • Hands – I have the skills to speaking up and effectively speak up and listen up listening up. I know when to speak up. SaferTogether 41 41
Failure Mode Effects Analysis • Situation awareness – prediction and preparation • Care model design • Catalyzing enhanced partnership with the community 42
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Solutions for Patient Safety >140 Children’s Hospitals 44 44
Solutions for Patient Safety OUR MISSION: Working together to eliminate serious harm across all children’s hospitals All Teach, All Learn 45 45
Senior Leadership Best Practices • Making patient and workforce safety foundational • Safety as an investment rather than a cost • Transparent learning system 46
Thank you 47
Through the CNO Lens Mary Beth Kingston, PhD, RN, FAAN
Few Stats • One in four nurses report being assaulted • Up to 80% of workplace violence incidents affecting nurses go unreported • 13% of missed workdays can be attributed to workplace violence (ANA End Nurse Abuse, 2018)
BUHD Behaviors Bullying Harassment Unreasonable behaviour that Unwanted conduct related to a relevant creates risk to the physical or protected characteristic, which has the mental health or safety of an purpose or effect of violating an individual individual’s dignity or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for Discrimination that individual Unjust or prejudicial treatment of an individual with a particular attribute or personal characteristic Undermining which can be legally protected Behaviour that has undermined professional confidence and/or self- esteem
Impact is Well Documented • Dependent on type of injury - may be minor, long-term, death • Lost individual productivity • Decreased wages • Career impact • Stress and psychological effects further impacting health – fear and anxiety in workplace • Increased organizational costs: turnover/worker’s comp
Systems Approach – Linked with Patient Safety Requires organization commitment and infrastructure • Only 50% of hospital and health system board respondents had knowledge of risks to workforce safety and awareness of dashboards that measure harm to team members • Press Ganey Survey of CEOs and senior leaders, none listed workforce safety in their proposed metrics to support safe, high quality care. 1 - NPSF Survey 2- Press Ganey Survey
Implementation Guide - NAP Every health care organization has a detailed violence prevention program: • Assessment • Risk mitigation/prevention (including training and proactive planning) • Defining behaviors and reporting • Monitoring, trending, action • Support
Advocate Aurora Health Journey • Organizing structure • Link with patient safety • Lessons learned • Progress to date
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IHI Patient Safety Congress May 11–13, 2021 ihi.org/Congress #IHICongress
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