Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Program - Mohawk College
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Workplace Hazardous Materials
Information System Program
Prepared by: Occupational Health and Safety
Reviewed by: Joint Health and Safety Committees
Approved by: Chief Human Resources Officer
October, 2017
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Program
Rev. October 2017
1.0 Purpose .................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 3
3.0 References ............................................................................................................................... 3
4.0 Glossary of Terms ..................................................................................................................... 3
5.0 Responsibilities ......................................................................................................................... 9
6.0 Training ................................................................................................................................... 10
7.0 WHMIS 2015 Hazard Classes ................................................................................................. 10
7.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 10
7.2 Signal Word, Hazard Statements, Precautionary Statements and Pictograms ............ 11
7.2.1 Signal Word .................................................................................................................. 11
7.2.2 Hazard Statement ........................................................................................................ 11
7.2.3 Precautionary Statements ............................................................................................ 11
7.4 WHMIS 2015: Summary Hazard Classification and Pictograms ................................. 12
7.4 WHMIS 1988 Classification and Hazard Symbols....................................................... 16
7.5 WHMIS Classification and Hazard Symbols: 1988 vs 2015 ........................................ 17
8.0 WHMIS Labels ........................................................................................................................ 18
8.1 Supplier Labels ........................................................................................................... 18
8.2 Workplace Labels ....................................................................................................... 19
8.2.1 Workplace Label Content ............................................................................................. 19
8.2.2 Preparing a Workplace Label: ...................................................................................... 19
8.2.3 Special Situations for Portable Containers .................................................................... 20
8.2.4 Piping Systems and Vessels ........................................................................................ 20
9.0 Safety Data Sheets ...................................................................................................................... 21
Section 1: Product Identifier................................................................................................... 21
Section 2: Hazard Identification ............................................................................................. 21
Section 3: Composition/Information on Ingredients ................................................................ 21
Section 4: First Aid Measures ................................................................................................ 21
Section 5: Fire Fighting Measures ......................................................................................... 22
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures............................................................................... 22
Section 7: Handling and Storage ........................................................................................... 22
Section 8: Exposure Control/Personal Protection .................................................................. 23
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties......................................................................... 23
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity ........................................................................................ 25
Section 11: Toxicological Information .................................................................................... 25
Section 12: Ecological Information......................................................................................... 26
Section 13: Disposal Considerations ..................................................................................... 26
Section 14: Transport Information.......................................................................................... 26
Section 15: Regulatory Information........................................................................................ 26
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Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Program
Rev. October 2017
Section 16: Other Information ................................................................................................ 26
10.0 Hazardous Waste .................................................................................................................. 27
10.1 Hazardous Waste Labels............................................................................................ 27
11.0 Emergency Procedures .......................................................................................................... 27
12.0 Appendices ............................................................................................................................. 29
WHMIS 2015 Hazard Statements - Physical Hazard Statements .......................................... 30
WHMIS 2015 Hazard Statements - Health Hazard Statements ............................................. 32
WHMIS 2015 Summary Precautionary Statements ............................................................... 35
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Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Program
Rev. October 2017
1.0 Purpose
The purpose of the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) program is to inform employees
about hazardous products used in the workplace through a combination of warning labels, hazard symbols, safety
data sheets and training. Employees must understand the hazards and know how to work safely to prevent
accidents, injury or illness.
Note: WHMIS is integrating elements of the Globally Harmonized System for the Classification and Labelling of
Chemicals (GHS). This updated version, known as WHMIS 2015, includes new classification criteria, labels,
hazard symbols and safety data sheets that are more comprehensive than the original WHMIS 1988 material
safety data sheets. Both WHMIS systems may exist in workplaces until the transition is complete on December
1, 2018.
2.0 Scope
This program applies to all employees and contractors who work with or who may be exposed in the course of
their work to a hazardous product.
3.0 References
Occupational Health and Safety Act of Ontario
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System, O.Reg. 860
Control of Exposure to Biological or Chemical Agents. O.Reg. 833
Designated Substances, O.Reg. 490/09
Mohawk College Health and Safety Policy CS-1401-1979
Hazardous Products Act
Hazardous Products Regulations
United Nations “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals”
4.0 Glossary of Terms
Acute Exposure
Refers to an exposure over a short period of time.
Acute Health Effect
Refers to an effect that develops immediately or s short time after exposure.
Acute Toxicity
Acute toxicity classification is based on the lethal dose or lethal concentration values (LD 50 or LC50) determined
from animal studies. Lower LD50 or LC50 values correspond to more highly toxic materials.
Aspiration Hazard
Refers to severe acute effects such as chemical pneumonia, lung damage or death, if a substance get into
lower respiratory system.
Auto Ignition Temperature
The lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite without a source of ignition.
Biohazardous Infectious Materials
Means any microorganism, nucleic acid or protein that causes or is probable cause of infection, with or without
toxicity, in humans or animals. Category 1 – material that falls into Risk Group 2, 3, or 4 as defined in the
Human Pathogens and Toxins Act or that has been shown to cause or be probable cause of infection or
infection and toxicity in animals.
Carcinogen
A cancer-causing agent:
Category 1A: Known to have carcinogenic potential for humans.
Category 1B: Presumed to have carcinogenic potential for humans, largely based on animal studies.
Category 2: Suspected human carcinogen-insufficient evidence to place in Category 1.
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Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Program
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CAS #
The Chemical Abstract Service registry number (CAS#) is a unique identification number assigned to individual
chemicals by the American Chemical Society.
Chronic Exposure
Refers to exposure that occurs over a long period of time.
Chronic Health Effect
Refers to an effect that occurs from exposure over a long period of time.
Combustible
Refers to a material that can burn.
Combustible Dust: A mixture or substance in the form of finely divided particles that, upon ignition, is liable to
catch fire or explode when dispersed in air.
Combustible liquid
Under WHMIS 2015 classification system, refers to a flammable liquid - Category 4
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In Ontario (Fire Code, Industrial and Construction Regulations), flammable liquid refers to a liquid with a flash
point less than 37.8C (100F)
Flammability
Indicates whether substance or mixture is ignitable (capable of catching on fire) or other appropriate information
related to ignition.
Flash point (fp)
The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapour to form a mixture that can ignite in the
presence of a source of ignition. The flash point is used to classify flammable liquids.
Freezing Point
The temperature at which liquid changes to the solid state.
Gases Under Pressure
Gases contained in a receptacle at a pressure of 200 kPa (gauge) or more at 20C, or that are liquefied or
liquefied and refrigerated. This hazard class includes compressed gas, liquefied gas, refrigerated and liquefied
gas and dissolved gas.
Germ Cell Mutagenicity
Refers to material capable of causing genetic defects or reproductive disorders.
GHS
Refers to the United Nations document “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of
Chemicals (GHS).
Hazardous Combustion Products
Hazardous products produced from burning a material.
Hazardous Decomposition Products
Hazardous products produced by decomposition of a material by oxidation, aging or heating.
Hazardous Ingredient
An ingredient in a mixture which, when evaluated as an individual substance against the criteria of all health
hazard classes of the Hazardous Product Regulation, is classified in at least one category or subcategory of a
health hazard class.
Hazardous Product
Any product, mixture, material or substance that is classified into a category or subcategory of a hazard class in
accordance with the Hazardous Products Regulations (HPR).
Hazard Statement
Brief descriptions of the physical hazards or health hazards of a product. This information helps users
understand the potential harm the product can cause. Hazard Statements are assigned to specific hazard
classes and categories.
Health Hazards Not Otherwise (HHNOC)
Refers to materials not covered in any of the Health Hazard classes, but that can occur following acute or
repeated exposures and have an adverse effect on the health of the person exposed to it, including an injury, or
resulting in the death of that person.
Incompatible Materials
Refers to a material that can react violently and that may produce toxic or corrosive by-products or cause fire or
explosion.
Inert
Refers to a stable and non-reactive material.
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Irritant
Refers to a material that causes reversible effects such as irritation, erythema or inflammation of the eye, skin or
respiratory system.
LC50
Refers to the lethal concentration of a mixture or substance in air that causes the death of 50% of a group of test
animals. The LC50 is one way of measuring the short-term poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a mixture or
substance.
LD50
Refers to the lethal dose, a single dose of a mixture or substance that, when administered by a particular
exposure route in an animal study, is expected to cause the death of 50% of a given animal population. The
LD50 is one way of measuring the short-term poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a mixture or substance.
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
Also known as the “Lower Flammable Limit - LFL”. The lowest airborne concentration required to cause an
explosion. Concentrations above the LEL (and below the UEL) can ignite if there is a source of ignition.
Manager
Includes Supervisors as defined in the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA).
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
See Safety Data Sheet: A 9-section technical specification sheet that provides detailed hazard and
precautionary information. Under WHMIS 1988, MSDS expired after 3 years.
Mutagen
Refers to an agent that affects the genes or cells of exposed people in such a way that it may cause cancer in
the exposed individual or an undesirable mutation to occur in some later generation.
Odour Threshold
The lowest concentration of a chemical that can be detected by smell. Chemicals with low odour thresholds can
be detected at low concentrations. Odour thresholds can vary over a very wide range of concentrations and
some are above safe exposure guidelines.
Oxidizing Material
Refers to a material that easily gives up oxygen or can readily oxidize other materials.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Refers to any equipment that is worn to prevent contact with a chemical agent. Examples include: protective
gloves, safety glasses or goggles, face shield and respirators.
pH
A measure of how acidic or basic a product is, and is based on a logarithmic scale ranging from 1 - 14.
Chemicals with a pH < 7 are acidic while those with pH >7 are basic and pH = 7 is neutral.
Physical Hazards Not Otherwise Classified (PHNOC)
Refers to materials classified and not covered in any of the Physical Hazard classes, but that can generate
hazards by chemical reaction that can cause serious injury or death of a person at the time the reaction occurs.
Precautionary Statements
Simple phrases that describe the recommended measures to minimize or prevent adverse effects from
handling, exposure, storing and disposal of hazardous products. Precautionary Statements are assigned for
specific hazard classes and categories. There are 4 types of Precautionary Statements:
Prevention (e.g. keep away from heat, open flames etc.)
Response (e.g. to accidental spillage or exposure)
Storage (e.g. store in a dry place, etc.)
Disposal (e.g. dispose of containers in accordance with local jurisdiction, etc.)
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Relative Density
The density of a substance relative to water at 4C. Also known as specific gravity. Provides an indication if a
particular substance will sink or float on water.
Reproductive Toxicity
Refers to materials known or suspected of causing damage to sexual function or fertility or harming developing
embryo, fetus or baby.
Route of Exposure
Refers to ways that chemicals can contact or enter the body and potentially cause harm. Routes of exposure
include: inhalation, ingestion, skin contact and injection.
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Means a 16-section document that provides detailed hazard and safety information on safe use, handling,
storage and disposal procedures as required by the Hazardous Products Regulations. Safety Data Sheets
(formerly known as “Material Safety Data Sheet”) must be updated when significant new data becomes
available.
Sensitizer
Refers to a material that can cause allergic reactions that may occur at the site of contact or elsewhere in/on the
body.
Short-Term Exposure Limit Value (STEL) – see Exposure Limit.
Signal Word
A word used on labels to indicate the relative severity of that product’s hazard. There are two signal words, but
only one can appear on the label:
Danger - Used for the most severe hazard categories.
Warning - Used for less severe hazards.
Significant New Data
Means new data regarding the hazard presented by a hazardous product that changes its classification in a
category or subcategory of a hazard class, or results in its classification in another hazard class, or change the
ways to protect against the hazard presented by the hazardous product in accordance with the Hazardous
Products Regulation.
Simple Asphyxiant
Refers to any gas that may cause asphyxiation by displacing oxygen.
Skin(s)
Notation to indicate an agent that can be absorbed through intact skin and can contribute to the overall
exposure level.
Solubility
The ability of a material to dissolve in water or another liquid.
Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) - Single Exposure
Refers to the classification of a substance that can cause damage to organs from single exposures, generally at
low to moderate exposures.
Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) - Repeated Exposure
Refers to classification of a substance that can damage to organs from prolonged or repeated exposures,
generally at low to moderate exposure levels.
Supervisor
Refers to a person who has charge over a workplace or authority over a worker as defined by the OHSA.
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Supplier Label
A label applied to containers of hazardous products by the supplier. Supplier labels must contain specific
information including: product name, supplier name, hazard pictograms, signal word, precautionary statements,
hazard statements and reference to the SDS.
Synergistic Effect
Refers to an enhanced health effect from exposure to two or more chemicals than would not be expected from
exposure to either chemical alone.
Teratogen
A material that can cause defects in a developing embryo.
TLV-TWA – see Exposure Limit.
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
Also known as the “Upper Flammable Limit - UFL”. Concentrations below the UEL and above the LEL can
ignite if there is a source of ignition. Concentrations above the UEL are too “rich” to explode. However, an
explosive environment exists as concentrations fall below the UEL.
Vapour Density
Vapour density is a measure of weight of a given volume of gas or vapour as compared to the same volume of
air.
Worker
Refers to a person who performs work or supplies services for monetary compensation and also to students
(secondary school, college or university) who perform work or supply services for no monetary compensation
under a program - approved work experience placement as defined in the OHSA. All employees, including paid
students (e.g. CSEP), and students working in unpaid placements at Mohawk College, are workers under the
Occupational Health and Safety Act.
Workplace Label
A label prepared by the workplace and affixed to containers of products produced in the workplace and on
portable container into which a hazardous product has been dispensed from its original container. Workplace
label requirements are fairly general as they contain less information than supplier labels. Workplace labels
generally include: product identification, precautionary measures and a reference to the SDS.
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5.0 Responsibilities
Managers
Substitute non-hazardous or less-hazardous products for hazardous products where practicable.
Limit chemical inventories to the smallest practical level and ensure quantities of hazardous products
required for immediate use, are limited to one day’s use to minimize associated risks.
Maintain a list of hazardous products and ensure Safety Data Sheets are obtained for all hazardous
products used, and updated as soon as is practicable after significant new data about the product is
provided by the supplier or otherwise becomes available.
Ensure Safety Data Sheets are readily available for employees to review, either in hard copy or
electronically. Safety data sheets may be obtained online through the supplier/manufacturer’s website or
through other online SDS resources. Employees must be trained to access electronic safety data
sheets.
Ensure workplace WHMIS labels are affixed to containers of hazardous products under the following
conditions: the original supplier label has become illegible or is missing; the hazardous product is
produced in the workplace for use in the workplace; and when a hazardous product is transferred from
the original container to another container.
Ensure employees who work with or who may be exposed to a hazardous product complete the WHMIS
training module and that worksite specific training and orientation is provided (e.g. safe handling
procedures, location of safety data sheets, location of emergency equipment (e.g. eyewash, shower,
spill kit); gas or vapour monitoring systems, use of ventilation systems).
Provide personal protective equipment (e.g. Gloves, safety glasses/goggles, face shield, apron,
respirator etc.) to ensure employees are protected and work safely with hazardous materials.
Ensure engineering control measures and related safety equipment is properly maintained in good
working condition. (e.g. Laboratory fume hoods/cabinets, local exhaust ventilation systems, paint
booths, gas or vapour monitoring systems etc.).
Ensure chemical spill kits and emergency equipment such as eyewash stations and emergency
showers are provided and maintained in good working condition.
Ensure hazardous waste is disposed properly in accordance with Ontario Ministry of Environment
Regulation 347 “Hazardous Waste”.
Employees
Take WHMIS training to work safely with hazardous products used in the workplace.
Review WHMIS labels and Safety Data Sheets prior to using hazardous products.
Ensure all containers of hazardous products are properly labeled and stored.
Follow procedures for safe handling, use, storage and disposal of hazardous products.
Use engineering controls and personal protective equipment (e.g. gloves, glasses, goggles, face shield,
lab coats, etc.) to minimize contact and control exposures to hazardous products.
Report hazardous or unsafe chemical incidents or exposures to their manager.
Contact the manager if uncertain how to work safely with a hazardous product or require more information.
Occupational Health and Safety
Develop and review the WHMIS program with the Joint Health and Safety Committee and review and revise
the program as required.
Respond to or provide advice in the event of an emergency involving a hazardous product.
Assist departments with the disposal of hazardous waste in accordance with environmental requirements.
Assist with identification, selection and substitution of non-hazardous or less hazardous products.
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Contractors
Ensure containers of hazardous products brought onto Mohawk College property are labeled properly.
Ensure safety data sheets for hazardous products used on site are readily available for review.
Ensure their workers are trained in WHMIS and know how to safely use hazardous products on site.
Inform their Mohawk College contact person of any health and safety or chemical exposure concerns arising
from the use or storage of hazardous products on site.
6.0 Training
WHMIS training is required for all employees who work with or who may be exposed in the course of their work,
to a hazardous product, and for managers of those employees. Examples of affected areas include: Receiving;
Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Automotive; Welding; Facility Services; Plumbing; Electrotechnology;
Graphics, Additive Manufacturing and Aviation Technology. Note: This is not an exhaustive list.
Employees required to complete training will have access to the online training module. Worksite specific training
and orientation is also required (e.g. safe handling procedures, location of safety data sheets, location of
emergency equipment (e.g. eyewash, shower, spill kit); gas or vapour monitoring systems, use of ventilation
systems).
An annual review quiz is required to ensure the level of understanding of WHMIS is maintained. WHMIS training
is required every three years or more frequently as required by the department or when required by changes to
use or exposure to a hazardous product.
Other employees may complete the training voluntarily by self-registering for the online course.
7.0 WHMIS 2015 Hazard Classes
7.1 General
Hazardous products are classified into Physical Hazard or Health Hazard groups and then into hazard classes,
categories and subcategories.1 Hazard Classes are divided into Categories and Sub-categories that generally
range from 1-4 or A-D depending on the severity, to further define the hazard. For example:
Category 1
• 1A
• 1B
Severity
• 1C
Category 2
Category 3
1Refer to the “classification tables” in the Hazardous Products Regulation for detailed criteria for classifications
and sub-classification.
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Physical Hazard Classes (19) Health Hazard Classes (12)
1. Flammable Gases 1. Acute toxicity
2. Flammable Aerosols 2. Skin Corrosion/Irritation
3. Oxidizing Gases 3. Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation
4. Gases Under Pressure 4. Respiratory or Skin Sensitization
5. Flammable Liquids 5. Germ Cell Mutagenicity
6. Flammable Solids 6. Carcinogenicity
7. Self-Reactive Substances and Mixtures 7. Reproductive Toxicity
8. Pyrophoric Liquids 8. Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single
9. Pyrophoric Solids Exposure
10. Self-heating Substances and Mixtures 9. Specific Target Organ Toxicity -
11. Substances and Mixtures Which, in Contact with Repeated Exposure
Water, Emit Flammable Gases 10. Aspiration Hazard
12. Oxidizing Liquids 11. Biohazardous Infectious Materials
13. Oxidizing Solids 12. Health Hazards Not Otherwise Classified
14. Organic Peroxides
15. Corrosive to Metals
16. Combustible Dusts
17. Simple Asphyxiants
18. Pyrophoric Gases
19. Physical Hazards Not Otherwise Classified
7.2 Signal Word, Hazard Statements, Precautionary Statements and Pictograms
WHMIS 2015 uses “signal words”, “hazard statements”, “precautionary statements” and “pictograms”, to
standardize information provided to users on labels and in Safety Data Sheets. The hazard classification is
used to determine which ones are required.
7.2.1 Signal Word
Alerts users to the relative severity of that product’s hazard. There are two signal words, but only one can be
used for the product.
Danger - Used for the most severe hazard categories.
Warning - Used for less severe hazards.
7.2.2 Hazard Statement
Brief descriptions of the Physical and/or Health Hazards of the product. This information helps users
understand the potential harm the product can cause. Examples:
Physical Hazard Statements
Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
Flammable Aerosol
May ignite spontaneously if exposed to air
Health Hazard Statements
Harmful if swallowed
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
May cause allergic skin reaction
7.2.3 Precautionary Statements
Simple phrases that describe the recommended measures to minimize or prevent adverse effects from
handling, exposure, storing and disposal of hazardous products. There are 4 types of Precautionary Statements
Prevention - to prevent fire, chemical reactions or exposure
e.g. Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources.
Avoid breathing dust.
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Response – general instructions for responding to exposures
e.g. Rinse skin with water. Take off contaminated clothing. Get medical advice/attention.
Storage – general instructions for safe storage
e.g. Store in a dry place, store in a well-ventilated location
Disposal – general instructions for safe disposal
e.g. Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local jurisdiction
7.4 WHMIS 2015: Summary Hazard Classification and Pictograms 2
Self-Reactive Substances and
Mixtures
Type A
Type B
Organic Peroxides
Type A
Type B
Exploding Bomb3,
Flammable Gases Pyrophoric Liquids
Category 1 Pyrophoric Solids
Category 2 Pyrophoric Gases
Self-heating Substances and
Mixtures
Flammable Liquids Category 1
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Oxidizing Gases Oxidizing Solids
Category 1 Category 1
Category 2
Oxidizing Liquids Category 3
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Flame Over Circle
Compressed Gas
Liquefied Gas
Refrigerated Liquefied Gas
Dissolved Gas
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Gas Cylinder
Corrosive to Metals
Skin Corrosion
Categories 1A, 1B, 1C
Serious Eye Damage
Category 1
Corrosion
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Respiratory Sensitizer Specific Target Organ
Germ Cell Mutagenicity Toxicity (STOT) - Single
Carcinogenicity exposure
Category 1A, 1B Category 1
Category 2 Category 2
Reproductive Toxicity Specific Target Organ
Category 1 Toxicity (STOT) - Repeated
Category 2 exposure
Health Hazard Category 1
Category 2
Aspiration Hazard
Category 1
Category 2
Skin Irritation Specific Target Organ
Category 2 Toxicity (STOT) - Single
exposure
Eye Irritation Category 3
Category 2
Germ Cell Mutagenicity
Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity
Category 4 Category 1A, 1B
Exclamation Mark Category 2
Respiratory Sensitizer
(Health Hazards) Reproductive Toxicity
Skin Sensitizer
Category 1A Category 1
Category 1B Category 2
Acute Toxicity
Oral, Dermal, Inhalation
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Skull and Crossbones
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Risk Group 2, 3 or 4 of Human
Pathogens and Toxins Act, or
cause infection or toxicity in
animals
Biohazardous Infectious Materials
Hazardous to aquatic
environment
Harmful to Environment4
4
The GHS “Harmful to Environment” classification and pictogram may be used, but it has not been adopted by
Canada’s WHMIS 2015.
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7.4 WHMIS 1988 Classification and Hazard Symbols
Class A: COMPRESSED GASES
Class B: FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL
Division 1: Flammable Gases
Division 2: Flammable Liquids
Division 3: Combustible Liquids
Division 4: Flammable Solids
Division 5: Flammable Aerosols
Division 6: Reactive Flammable Materials
CLASS C: OXIDIZING MATERIAL
CLASS D: POISONOUS AND INFECTIOUS MATERIAL
Division 1: Materials Causing Immediate and
Serious Toxic Effects
Division 2: Materials Causing Other Toxic Effects
Division 3: Biohazardous Infectious Material
CLASS E: CORROSIVE MATERIAL
CLASS F: DANGEROUSLY REACTIVE MATERIAL
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7.5 WHMIS Classification and Hazard Symbols: 1988 vs 2015 5
WHMIS 1988 WHMIS 2015
COMPRESSED GASES
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL
OXIDIZING MATERIAL
POISONOUS AND INFECTIOUS MATERIAL
Materials Causing Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects
Materials Causing Other Toxic Effects
Biohazardous Infectious Materials
CORROSIVE MATERIAL
DANGEROUSLY REACTIVE MATERIAL
5Approximate comparisons – Classification criteria has changed and comparisons must be done with caution
Refer to the Hazardous Products Regulations for criteria.
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8.0 WHMIS Labels
Containers of hazardous products are required to have labels that alert users to the hazard(s) of the product,
and convey safe handling precautions necessary to protect themselves while using the product. Suppliers and
employers are responsible for ensuring containers are properly labelled. There are two general types of WHMIS
labels that depend on the origin of the container:
Supplier Labels: Labels prepared by the supplier and applied to containers of hazardous products.
Workplace Labels: Labels prepared by the workplace for products produced in the workplace; to
replace damaged, missing or illegible label, and on portable containers of hazardous products
transferred from the supplier’s container.
8.1 Supplier Labels
WHMIS 2015 Supplier labeling requirements for format and content, is regulated (i.e. standardized) by the
Hazardous Products Regulations. This ensures hazard information is communicated in a consistent manner.
There are six (6) key elements to the WHMIS 2015 Supplier Label:
1. Product Identifier: Must match the identifier on the Safety Data Sheet.
2. Pictogram(s): The hazard pictogram(s) for the product’s hazard classification.
3. Signal Word: Danger or Warning.
4. Hazard Statements: Physical and Health-Hazard statements.
5. Precautionary Statements: Prevention; Response; Storage; Disposal.
6. Supplier Identifier: The name, address and telephone information of the supplier.
Supplier Labels: WHMIS 1988 vs WHMIS 2015
WHMIS 1988 WHMIS 2015
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8.2 Workplace Labels
A workplace label is a label prepared by the workplace to identify a hazardous product under the following
conditions:
To replace a damaged, missing or illegible label.
To label a hazardous product that has been decanted into another container from the supplier’s
container.
To label a hazardous product produced in the workplace.
8.2.1 Workplace Label Content
Workplace label requirements are very general compared to supplier labels and they require the following:
METHANOL
Product Identifier.
Information for safe handling.
Reference to SDS. FLAMMABLE – DO NOT USE NEAR
OPEN FLAMES OR PROCESSES THAT
GENERATE SPARKS
AVOID INHALING VAPOURS
Read the Safety Data Sheet
It is optional for additional information such as the signal word, pictogram or additional statements, to be added
to the workplace label. Avoid adding too much information because the label can become crowded and
employees may be less likely to read the entire label.
Templates for customized, self-adhesive workplace labels can be obtained through the Occupational Health &
Safety Office.
WHMIS 1988 WHMIS 2015
8.2.2 Preparing a Workplace Label:
When preparing a workplace label, the information can be copied from the supplier’s label or taken from the
Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
1. Review the following:
• Existing workplace label if there is one.
• Supplier label.
• Safety data sheet.
2. Copy relevant information from the above sources and record the following on the workplace label:
• Product Identifier (this must be identical to the one used on the SDS).
• Information for safe handling.
• “See Safety Data Sheet”
3. Attach the workplace label to the container.
Contact the Occupational Health and Safety Office for customized, self-adhesive workplace label templates.
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8.2.3 Special Situations for Portable Containers
Workplace labels are required on portable containers under two special workplace label situations involving
portable containers:
1. A workplace label is not required on a portable container if all the hazardous product is required for
immediate use.
2. A partial workplace label is required if the portable container:
• Is under the control of and used only by the worker
who filled the container.
• Used only during the shift in which the portable
container was filled.
• The contents of the portable container are clearly
identified. This can be by any means such as product
name, chemical formula or colour code.
8.2.4 Piping Systems and Vessels
A workplace label is not required for hazardous products contained or transferred in the following:
• Pipe/piping system including valves.
• Process vessel.
• Reaction vessel or,
• A tank car, tank truck etc.
Workers must be able to identify the contents and know how to safely use, store or handle the hazardous
product. Any means of identification can be used as long as they understand the system used. Modes of
identification include:
• Colour coding.
• Labels.
• Placards.
• Symbols.
• Warning signs.
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9.0 Safety Data Sheets
There are 16 sections in a Safety Data Sheet (compared to 9 in the old Material Safety Data Sheets). SDS
information requirements are detailed in the Hazardous Products Regulation.
Section 1: Product Identifier:
• The product identifier used on the label. This can be the brand name, chemical name, common name,
generic name or trade name. This must be the same on the label and on the SDS to ensure the correct
hazard and precautionary information is reviewed.
• Other means of identification of the product such as other common names or synonyms by which the
product is known.
• Recommended Product Use and Restrictions: Brief description of the intended use(s) of the product and
any restrictions.
• Initial Supplier Identifier: Name, address and telephone number.
• Emergency telephone number to call for information regarding the product.
Section 2: Hazard Identification
This section identifies the main hazards of the product and information for user to handle, store and dispose of
the product safely.
• Hazard Classification: Identifies the hazard classification of the product. e.g. Flammable liquid
(Category 2); Acute Oral Toxicity (Category 3); Corrosive, Oxidizing liquid; Gas under pressure.
• Signal Word (Danger or Warning): Provides relative severity of the hazard.
• Pictogram, symbol or the name of the symbol. Identifies the hazard symbol(s) for easy hazard
identification.
• Hazard Statements: Lists the assigned hazard statements for the product. Examples: Highly flammable
liquid and vapour; Toxic if swallowed; Toxic in contact with skin.
• Precautionary Statements: Lists the assigned precautionary statements for the following:
• Prevention: (e.g. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection.) Keep container
tightly closed. Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapour/spray. Keep away from heat, hot
surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
• Response: Provides instructions for exposure situations such as inhalation, skin contact or
ingestion of the product: (e.g. If inhaled: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a
position comfortable for breathing.) Call a Poison Control Centre or doctor/physician. Fire: In
case of fire: Use CO2, dry chemical or foam for extinction.
• Storage: Identifies general safe storage requirements. (e.g. Store in a well ventilated place.)
Keep container tightly closed.
• Disposal: Identifies general safe disposal requirements. (e.g. Dispose of container to an
approved waste plant.)
Section 3: Composition/Information on Ingredients
This section identifies the hazardous ingredients contained in the product as per the classification criteria.
Hazardous Ingredients can be identified by:
• Chemical name
• Common name and synonyms
• Chemical Abstract Service registry number (CAS#) and any unique identifiers
• Concentration
Section 4: First Aid Measures
This section provides the first aid measures to be taken in response to exposure via the different routes of
exposure - inhalation, ingestion or skin contact and eye contact. It’s important to know how to respond in the
event of an emergency and to respond quickly to prevent serious injury. Example:
• Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes. This section may advise to flush for a
longer period. Seek medical attention.
• Skin Contact: Flush with water. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
• Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air. Seek medical attention.
• Ingestion: This section may instruct you to induce vomiting or not to induce vomiting.
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Section 5: Fire Fighting Measures
This section identifies what type of extinguishing media to use in the event of a fire involving the product and
special precautions fire fighters should take. It also identifies specific fire related hazards of the product and
possible hazardous products that can be formed in a fire.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: e.g. Use water spray, alcohol resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon
dioxide.
Autoignition Temperature:
Autoignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a substance (e.g. vapour or gas) will ignite
without a source of ignition (e.g. flame, spark).
Flash Point:
Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a substance emits a sufficient amount of vapour that
could ignite if a source of ignition were present. Substances with low flashpoints can ignite relatively
easily and pose greater fire risk than substances with high flash points. Sources of ignition include open
flames, sparks, and static electricity. Grounding and bonding is required to prevent static discharge
when dispensing flammable liquids.
Lower Flammable Limit:
Lower flammable limit is the lowest airborne concentration of a substance required for the substance to
ignite or explode in the presence of a source of ignition. Concentrations above the LFL and below the
UFL can ignite if there is a source of ignition. The LFL is also known as the Lower Explosive Limit
(LEL).
Upper Flammable Limit:
Upper flammable limit is the maximum airborne concentration of a substance that can ignite or explode
in the presence of a source of ignition. Concentrations below the UFL and above the LFL can ignite if
there is a source of ignition. The UFL is also known as the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL).
Specific Hazards Arising from the Chemical: Flammable. Risk of ignition. Vapours may form
explosive mixture with air. Vapours may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Lists the chemicals that can be produced when the product burns.
(e.g. Carbon monoxide (CO), Formaldehyde.)
Protective Equipment and Precautions for Fire Fighters: As in any fire, wear self-contained
breathing apparatus, pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH approved or equivalent and full protective gear.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
This section provides information for safe response and emergency procedures for spills, leaks or other
releases to protect people, property and the environment.
Personal Precautions: Identifies how to protect people in the vicinity of a spill or release and what to
do to prevent further harm. Example: Evacuate personnel to safe area. Keep people away and upwind
of the spill/leak. Use personal protective equipment. Remove all sources of ignition.
Environmental Precautions: Identifies measures to prevent environmental drains to prevent
contamination of sewer system.
Methods for Containment and Clean-Up: Identifies the materials to be used. Example: Soak up with
inert absorbent material. Keep in suitable, closed container for disposal. Remove all sources of ignition.
Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
This section identifies the recommended equipment, procedures and precautionary measures to safely handle
and store the material.
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Handling
Possible handling instructions could be: “Wear personal protective equipment. Do not breathe vapours
or mist. Do not get in eye or on skin. Do not ingest. Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and
sources of ignition. To avoid ignition of vapours by static electricity discharge, all metal parts of the
equipment must be grounded. Take precautionary measures against static discharge.”
Storage
Possible storage instructions could be: “Keep container tightly closed in a dry, well ventilated place.
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and source of ignition.”
Section 8: Exposure Control/Personal Protection
This section identifies the acceptable or “safe” occupational exposure levels to hazardous ingredients in the
product and lists engineering controls or personal protective equipment required to protect users from
overexposure.
Engineering Controls: Identifies controls such as type of ventilation or special equipment required to
control exposure to the hazardous product. Example: Use only under a chemical fume hood. Use
explosion-proof electrical equipment.
Personal Protective Equipment: Identifies the recommended type(s) of personal protective equipment
to control exposures by the main routes of exposure and hygiene measures:
• Eye/Face Protection
• Skin and Body Protection
• Respiratory Protection
• Hygiene Measures
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
This section contains a lot of technical information that describes various physical and chemical characteristics
of the product. Understanding this information is useful for properly identifying the material and recognizing how
readily it will change physical states, catch on fire or decompose.
Appearance:
Describes how the product appears and whether it is a solid, liquid or gas. The physical state of a
product influences how the user may be exposed to the substance and helps with the development of
control measures.
Odour:
Descriptive phrase of the how the product smells. This is useful for confirming the identity of the product
and comparing the safety data sheet.
Odour Threshold:
Odour thresholds provide an indication of the minimum concentrations required before a product can be
smelled. Chemicals with low odour thresholds can be detected at low concentrations and have good
warning properties whereas those with high odour thresholds have poor warning properties. Caution
must be exercised when interpreting odour thresholds because they can vary over a very wide range of
concentrations and the odour threshold of some chemicals is above safe exposure guidelines.
pH:
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a product is and is based on a logarithmic scale ranging from 1 –
14. Materials with pH = 7 are “neutral”, while those with pH < 7 are acidic and those with pH>7 are
basic.
Melting Point and Freezing Point:
Melting point is the temperature at which a material changes from solid to liquid. Freezing point is the
temperatures at which the material changes from liquid to solid.
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range:
Initial boiling point is the lowest temperature at which the material changes from liquid to gas.
Flash Point:
Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a substance emits a sufficient amount of vapour that
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could ignite if a source of ignition were present. Substances with low flashpoints can ignite relatively
easily and pose greater fire risk than substances with high flash points. Sources of ignition include open
flames, sparks, and static electricity. Grounding and bonding is required to prevent static discharge
when dispensing flammable liquids.
Evaporation Rate:
Evaporation rate is a measure of the rate of evaporation of the product as compared to water or another
reference material. The higher the number, the faster the product evaporates and becomes airborne.
Flammability (solid, gas)
Indicates whether the substance or mixture is ignitable (capable of catching on fire) or other appropriate
information related to ignition.
Upper and Lower Flammability or Explosive Limit:
Lower Flammable Limit:
Lower flammable limit is the lowest airborne concentration of a substance required for the
substance to ignite or explode in the presence of a source of ignition. Concentrations above the
LFL and below the UFL can ignite if there is a source of ignition. The LFL is also known as the
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL).
Upper Flammable Limit:
Upper flammable limit is the maximum airborne concentration of a substance that can ignite or
explode in the presence of a source of ignition. Concentrations below the UFL and above the
LFL can ignite if there is a source of ignition. The UFL is also known as the Upper Explosive
Limit (UEL).
Vapour Pressure:
Vapour pressure is a measure of a product’s ability to evaporate and become airborne. Chemicals with
high vapour pressures tend to evaporate quickly.
Vapour Density:
Vapour density is a measure of weight of a given volume of gas or vapour as compared to the same
volume of air. Vapour densities greater than one indicate the vapours are heavier than air and these
will tend to sink the floor level.
Relative Density:
The density of a substance relative to water at 4C. Also known as specific gravity. Provides an
indication if a particular substance will sink or float on water.
Solubility:
The ability of a material to dissolve in water or another liquid.
Partition Coefficient- N-octanol/water:
A measure of the substance’s ability to mix with water or how easily a substance can be absorbed or
stored in the body. This also provides information regarding spill clean-up requirements if water is
involved.
Auto Ignition Temperature:
Auto Ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a substance (vapour or gas) will ignite
without a source of ignition (e.g. flame, spark).
Decomposition Temperature:
The temperature at which the substance breaks down into other compounds and that may be
hazardous.
Viscosity:
Refers to measurement of how resistant a fluid is to movement. Fluids with a low viscosity flow easily.
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Section 10: Stability and Reactivity
The reactivity data section of the SDS provides information as to whether the product is stable or not and
describes the possibility of hazardous reactions and under which conditions.
This information is also useful for establishing safe handling procedures and selecting safe storage locations.
Reactivity:
Identifies conditions other than those mentioned above, under which the product may react.
Chemical Stability (Yes/No):
Identifies whether the product is chemically stable or unstable. Some chemicals can break down or
degrade into other chemicals by heat, age, sunlight, and exposure to air or water. This provides an
indication of any safety issues that may arise and that are associated with a change in physical
appearance of the product.
Possibility of hazardous reactions:
This identifies whether the substance will react and create a hazardous condition such as releasing
excess pressure or heat.
Conditions to avoid:
This identifies conditions to avoid, such as static discharge, shock or vibration that could create
hazardous situations.
Incompatible Materials:
Identifies materials that can react violently if mixed with the product and that may produce toxic or
corrosive by-products, fire or explosion. This information is useful for establishing safe handling
procedures and selecting safe storage locations.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Identifies known or potential hazardous products that could be produced by decomposition as a result of
use, storage, age or heating the material.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
The toxicological properties section of the SDS provides information as to how a product is likely to contact or
enter the body and what the potential short-term and long-term adverse health effects from overexposure
situations may be. This information is useful for understanding the specific health risks associated with a
particular product and assists with the development of safe handling procedures.
Routes of Entry:
Describes how the hazardous material may enter the body through likely routes of exposure and cause
harm include: Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, eye contact.
Symptoms of Exposure:
Descriptions of first symptoms from lowest exposure to symptoms from severe exposures.
Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) - Single Exposure:
Describes adverse health effects that may develop from a brief, short term exposure. Acute effects
typically develop from low to moderate exposure levels.
Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) - Repeated Exposure:
Describes adverse health effects that may develop over a long-time period from repeated low to
moderate level exposures.
Irritation:
Identifies whether the material causes localized effects such as irritation, erythema, swelling or burns at
the site of contact on the skin, eyes or other mucous membranes. This information is useful when
selecting personal protective equipment (esp. gloves, eye protection) and emergency washing facilities.
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Aspiration Hazard:
Includes severe acute effects such as chemical pneumonia, varying degrees of pulmonary injury or
death, from a liquid or solid directly, through the mouth or nasal cavity, or indirectly from vomiting, into
the trachea and lower respiratory system.
Sensitization:
Sensitizers are products that can cause allergic reactions. These reactions may occur at the site of
contact or they may occur elsewhere. For example, natural latex is a known sensitizer that can cause
allergic contact dermatitis, but it may also cause an adverse respiratory response (asthma). Once
sensitized to a material, subsequent exposures, even at very low exposures/concentrations, can cause
severe reactions.
Carcinogenicity:
Identifies whether the product is capable or suspected of causing cancer.
Reproductive Toxicity (and Teratogenicity):
Identifies whether the product is capable or suspected of causing birth defects or if there are potential
effects via lactation.
Germ Cell Mutagenicity:
Identifies whether the product is capable of causing genetic defects or reproductive disorders.
Synergistic Products:
Identifies products that, if exposed to in addition to the material, will exacerbate or amplify the health
effects than would occur with either substance alone.
Section 12: Ecological Information
This section number and heading must appear on the SDS, but information is optional. Information related to
environmental impact from a release of the product may be provided.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
This section number and heading must appear on the SDS, but information is optional.
This section provides information for proper disposal, recycling or reclamation of the product. This may also
include:
• Description of suitable disposal containers.
• Recommendations for appropriate disposal method to use.
• Description of chemical or physical properties that may affect disposal.
• Special precautions for landfill or incineration.
Section 14: Transport Information
This section number and heading must appear on the SDS, but information is optional. Information related to the
classification, packaging and labeling for shipping or transporting the hazardous product in accordance with
Transportation of Dangerous Goods requirements may be provided.
Section 15: Regulatory Information
This section must appear on the SDS, but information is optional. Information related to health and safety or
other regulations may be provided.
Section 16: Other Information
This section provides the date of preparation of the SDS or the date of the latest revision if it has been revised.
Other information may include:
• Details of changes made to the previous versions of the SDS.
• Abbreviations or acronyms used.
• Name of the individual who prepared the SDS.
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