WMO: Reforms, status of climate - Prof. Petteri Taalas Secretary General WMO - Meetings
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WMO: Reforms, status of climate Prof. Petteri Taalas Secretary General WMO
WMO Reforms 2019-21
1. Rationalization of technical commissions, from 8 silos to 2 holistic
• Earth System Infrastructures (weather, climate, water & oceans)
• Services (weather, climate, hydrology, marine, transport, energy, health)
2. Wider engagement of private & academic sector
• Scientific Advisory Panel & Research Board
• Public-private engagement office
3. Secretariat Reforms
• Alignment of the Secretariat structures with the new constituent bodies
• Selection of new directors through a competitive process
• Modernization of staff structure through early retirement, voluntary separation and competitive processes
• Reallocation of resources to hire (young) experts to regional, technical and scientific activities
4. Communication of climate science: annual State of Climate & United in Science reports
5. Less and more action oriented meetings with shorter & more strategic documents
6. Active partnerships: UNSG (Climate), UNFCCC (Climate), FAO & WFP (Food security), UNESCO (Oceans,
hydrology), ICAO (Aviation services), IMO (Marine Services), UNEP (Climate) & WHO (Air pollution)
7. Record amount of external resources for capacity development: ~120 MCHF portfolio
8. Management training programme 2021- to enhance the leadership skills and efficiency
9. Regional activity reform 2021-22 to enhance the impact of WMO activities at regional/national level
2
The constituent bodies of WMO
Successful delivery and use of weather and
climate services depends on all elements in
the value chain working properly
Activities underpinning
all weather and Global numerical
Weather and International
climate-related weather predition
climate exchange of
activities; this can (NWP) for weather
observations observations
ONLY be implemented and climate
globally
All links in the chain must operate
effectively in order to yield success
Activities
Weather forecasts,
implemented and Effective Dissemination
early warnings and
undertaken decision-making and outreach to
climate products
based on climate people and
primarily at a services sectors
and services to
users
national level
4
New WMO Unified Data Policy Resolution
Key changes with respect to Resolution 40 (Cg-XI, 1995)
Resolution 40; 1995 Draft recommendation 3.1(4)/1
1. Covers weather data only; 1. Covers all WMO Earth system data:
2. Two main categories of data: weather, climate, hydrology, ...
2. Two main categories of data:
- Essential (shall be exchanged);
- Core (shall be exchanged);
- Additional (should be
- Recommended; (should be
exchanged); exchanged);
3. Specific “essential” datasets 3. Specifics on core and recommended
listed directly in Annex I to the data referred to Technical
resolution (with some Regulations, primarily Manuals on
reference also to RBSN); WIGOS, GDPFS;
4. “Free and unrestricted” 4. “Free and unrestricted” exchange
exchange (term not defined in (term defined directly in the
the Resolution); Resolution, literal interpretation);
5. Covers exchange of data 5. Addressed to Members, but covers
between NMHSs exchange of data between all
partners, inclucing private sector,
academia, etc.
Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF)
- the basic structural problem of data exchange
WMO Convention and Paris Agreement implicitly assume that observations is solely a national responsibility
• Ability to observe (left panel): Observing systems in countries depicted in red fail to meet minimum observations
requirements for weather and climate analysis and prediction
• Ability to pay (right panel): Affordability of observing responsibility (GDP/km2 of surface area) of countries in 6
yellow up to ten million times higher than for countries in dark blue
Disaster Risk Reduction : Multi Hazard Early
Warning Systems
Not all members are fully equipped with capacities to deliver authoritative warnings
on a variety of hazards at relevant time and geographical scales
Green shows countries where at least ONE CAP feed TC Eloise landfall; Mozambique, 23 Jan 2021 Source : Jason Ferguson
is available
WMO GMAS Framework aims at :
• providing support to members in developing their capacities in warning services
• enabling early action to mitigate impacts of various different hazardous event
• Increasing visibility and recognition of members with their authoritative
service delivery
Capacity Development • Increased support for NMHS to develop Legislation and National Strategic Plans • Intensified technical/management training events & fellowships awards; • 112 M CHF projects for enhancing regional & national capacities • Plan to announce SOFF @UNFCCC COP, launch First Alliance Hydromet Gap report; • Strategic engagement for updating CPDB as an analytical tool to understand members needs • Support to increase uptake of key initiatives such as GMAS, GBON/SOFF, GFCS, Hydrology…….
Temperature & CO2 -> 2020
2020 was extremely warm over
the Arctic
2011-2020 is the warmest decade on record
Concentrations of the major
greenhouse gases increased
9
Ocean heat, sea level & pH
The rate of sea-level rise is
increasing
Record high ocean heat, at various depths
Ocean acidification is increasing
10Cryosphere
Vast areas of open ocean were
observed in the Arctic
Arctic sea-ice extent has declined in all months
Glaciers, Greenland and
Antarctica are losing ice
11Drought, heat, floods, cyclones and wildfires
impacted countries around the globe 2020
• Drought affected USA,
Argentina, Paraguay, and parts
of Brazil
• Extreme heat: 38.0 °C Arctic
circle, 54.4 °C Death Valley,
48.9 °C Sydney, and 51.8 °C in
Baghdad
• Extreme flooding in China and
East Africa, and record active
Atlantic Hurricane Season
• Largest fires on record for
California and Colorado. Many
fires in Pantanal wetlands of
Brazil
12Water stress is a global challenge
UN Water-climate accelerator for SDG 6 implementation
Initial Partners in the Water and Climate CoalitionEstablishment of
WMO Hydrological Centres
Hydro &
Climate
Forums
Existing
Global/
Regional
Centres
Global/
Users
Regional
Hydro NMHS &
Centres Agencies
Requirements
Basin
Authorities Data and info
Other Products
institutions
Integration across scales from local to globalCarbon emissions-temperature
Fossil/other energy use by source
Energy consumption by fuel source from 2000 to 2019, with growth rates
indicated for the more recent period of 2014 to 2019
This figure shows “primary energy” using the BP substitution method
(non-fossil sources are scaled up by an assumed fossil efficiency of approximately 0.38)
Source: BP 2020; Jackson et al 2019; Global Carbon Budget 2020Emissions vs. warming
Actual WMO issues
• Secretariat reform: up to 29 new posts will be advertised to strengthen services for Members:
stronger regional, technical, socioeconomic, media and scientific expertise during latter half of
2021
• Regional reform: more focus on concrete action to fill data gaps, enhance the quality of EWSs
and improve impact based multi-hazard weather, climate and water services
• Update of WMO data policy: enhancement of free real-time data availability
• Enhanced willingness of countries to deliver observational data and financial support for
establishment of additional stations especially in Africa, Pacific and Caribbean Islands and some
parts of Latin America. Systematic Observation Financing Facility, SOFF
• Boost for SDG 6 (Water) implementation: water-climate accelerator with ~10 UN agencies,
private sector, NGOs with high level political support
• New ways of working: more videoconferences, partial teleworking
• Investments in “old” WMO building 2021-23: green energy solutions: heating/cooling, charging
of electric vehicles, shower facilities for bikers/runners, new meeting & teamworking premisesNew JIU Report on WMO Management and Administration JIU/REP/2021/1 Formal recommendations 1 By the end of 2022, the Executive Council should commission an independent evaluation of the constituent bodies reform to review the process used to implement the reform and its substantive results, including the alignment of the restructured secretariat, as well as good practices and lessons learned. Recommendation 2 By no later than the end of 2021, the Secretary-General should commission a joint review team, comprised of management and staff who are familiar with each area of work, to conduct a structural and process review, facilitated by an independent expert, to further refine and adjust the overall secretariat restructuring in order to achieve the objectives of such restructuring. 3 By the end of 2021, the Secretary-General should prepare a comprehensive accountability and internal control framework and submit it to the Executive Council for approval. Recommendation 4 By no later than the end of 2021, the Secretary-General should prepare a comprehensive human resources strategy and submit it to the Executive Council for approval. Progress on the strategy should be reported at least annually thereafter as a regular item on the Executive Council’s agenda.
WMO Extra Congress October 2021
1. Revised data policy, new Resolution 42 (weather, climate & water)
- Definition of mandatory/essential data, inclusion of new datasets
- Encouragement to deliver more data => improvement of NWP product accuracy
- Potentially private sector data policy recommendation
2. Approval of Regional Reform and possible revision of the Cg-18 reform items
- Higher value for money, enhanced two-way interaction RA-EC-Cg
- Better integration of technical & regional activities: Observations, EWSs etc.
3. Approval of Global Basic Observation Networks and Strategic Observation Financing
Facility
4. Hydrology assembly
5. Approval of SDG 6 water-climate accelerator program
ALL OF THOSE WILL BE ITEMS FOR DISCUSSIONS AT WMO TECHNICAL COMMISSION,
REGIONAL ASSOCIATION, EXECUTIVE COUNCIL AND ITS SUB-BODIES MEETINGS DURING
2021, YOUR PERSPECTIVES AND CONCERNS ARE WELCOMEWMO-Forerunner in the UN
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