Ve raison to HarVest - Viticulture and Enology ...
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Véraison to Harvest
Statewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #7
October 9, 2020
Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling
Around New York...
Statewide (Tim Martinson)
This week, we processed final samples for the 2020 Verai-
son to Harvest season. We are stopping a week earlier than
normal for a couple of reasons. First, we received word last
week of a 20% reduction in the funds we had budgeted for
support – an outcome of state budget challenges related
to COVID-19 and its impact on the economy. By stopping
now, we will save some labor and material costs related
to collecting, shipping, and processing fruit samples. The
other reason is that a number of environmental factors have
accelerated harvest – principally ideal ripening weather and
low yields in some varieties related to spring frost episodes
(May 8-9 and 12-13).
We started a week earlier than normal, but this is only the
7th sample week – typically we collect for 8 weeks. The Presence of orb-weaving spiders at Alice Wise’s vineyard at the Long Island
last time we stopped this early was in 2012 – an extremely Horticultural Research and Extension Center often appear at the height of the
harvest season.
early year, due to unseasonably warm weather in March Photos by Alice Wise
that prompted early budbreak – and like this year, led to
last week it was at 24.5 °Brix), the two Long Island samples
significant bud injury, particularly in Native Labrusca type
being lower at 18.7 and 20 °Brix, respectively.
varieties.
Thanks and Upcoming Final Issue. With sampling done
Harvest. At the start, we sampled from 25 different variet-
for the season, we will pause for a few weeks before sending
ies. Only 9 remain in this week’s samples. Of the variet-
out the final Veraison to Harvest on October 29, featuring our
ies represented by multiple sites, only Cabernet Franc (1/11
reviews of the growing season and the numbers we have
harvested), Riesling (1/13 harvested) and Merlot (1/4 har-
published each week. This newsletter represents the efforts
vested) remain mostly unharvested. A few other vinifera
of many, including four regional extension programs, the
(Pinot noir and Chardonnay in Niagara, Malbec on Long
(newly renamed) NY Craft Beverages Analytical Labora-
Island) have one block each remaining. Two Frontenac
tory, and the two statewide extension programs that collect,
blocks in Champlain are still hanging. Among the other
analyze, and write about the data and other observations.
hybrids only acid-retaining Vidal blanc and Traminett have
A special thanks goes to Robin Ross, of Arrowhead Vine-
not been harvested.
yards in Lockport, who collected and sent us samples from
Fruit Composition. Without getting into too much de- Niagara county. Finally, our funding through the New York
tail, almost all varieties ended up 2-3 °Brix higher than last Wine and Grape Foundation is what enables us to have a
year and 2-3 g/L lower titratable acidity (TA) than last year. data-based update every week from Veraison to Harvest.
Numbers on the Catawba and Concord blocks (18.8 and
19.0 °Brix) seem almost unprecedented. Cabernet Franc is Long Island (Alice Wise)
posting higher soluble solids on average, but similar TAs to Harvest is well underway when the orb weaving spiders
last year. Riesling averages ad 2.5 °Brix ahead of last year, show up in the Cornell LIHREC vineyard. In the industry,
and TA’s are plateauing at 9 g/L on average – only slightly Chardonnay, fruit for rosé and even a few blocks of reds for
lower than last year. For Merlot, the 25.5 °Brix sample from table wine were harvested. While many businesses are hand
Niagara countyseems to be an outlier (but not erroneous – harvesting, there is still plenty of machine harvest for larger
blocks and for rosé blocks.
Continued on page 2
Page 1
Some are being picked ahead of a predicted 4 days of rain
Sunday evening through Wednesday morning. While it is
too early to tell how significant the rain will be, the forecast
is not particularly welcome at this time of year. The win-
eries are operating at full speed. With fermentations pro-
gressing and a steady stream of fruit arriving, winery crews
are staying busy.
On Oct. 6 in the LIHREC vineyard, we harvested several
more Chardonnay clones, Regent and Lemberger. The
Chardonnays were free from rot, likely due to the location
of a cluster rot experiment within the vineyard. That seems
to be the best way to ensure that cluster rot does not de-
velop. Most of the Chardonnay clones are replicated on
C3309, MG101-14 and as own-rooted vines. The own-root-
“Regent” leaves senescing at the Long Island Horticultural Re-
ed usually do fine, though this year= the yields were much search and Extension Center in Riverhead, NY.
lower than that of vines on rootstock. Photo by Alice Wise
TA, Lake Erie (Jennifer Russo)
Variety °Brix pH Comments
g/l
Medium to large Harvest. In the Lake Erie Grape Region, discus-
Chardonnay 4 21.8 6.0 3.19 sions with industry stakeholders this past week
clusters
began with ‘where are the grapes’? There were
Large to very large
Chardonnay 5 22.3 10.8 3.13 actually more colorful words used, but I think
clusters
that you get the picture. Cattaraugus and Erie
Medium clusters, County as well as other pockets of Chautauqua
Chardonnay 17 22.3 8.25 3.23
variable yield County in our region were hit hard with the early
season frost events. There were many hours dur-
Regent 23.5 6.45 3.34 Clean fruit ing that time that just hovered around the criti-
cal temperature for tissue death. We had reports
Lemberger 21.8 7.95 3.10 Bee damage of dead primaries from those regions during the
first frost on May 8-9th followed by secondary
bud death from frost on May 13th’s frost event.
Regent is a hybrid with Diana (Silvaner x Müller-Thurgau)
There are some reports coming in from proces-
x Chambourcin (also a hybrid). Chambourcin is the con-
sors where contract tonnage is 50% below antici-
tributor of disease resistance. The vines were treated like
pated contract.
vinifera up through fruit set as Phomopsis has been an is-
sue in years past. Presumably, black rot would be as well. Concord harvest continues in our area for some
After fruit set, only two more fungicides were applied with producers, and others are finished. One produc-
the last application in early August. The vines were free er mentioned that the average °Brix on the first
from disease but developed this curious leaf symptom (see day of harvest this year was higher than the aver-
photo). age °Brix on the last day of harvest last year with
samples at the end of the season reading 20.6
Lemberger vines are among the oldest in the vineyard.
°Brix!
These vines, planted in 1993, were grafted by the knowl-
edgeable and always entertaining viticulture program tech- CFAP 2.0. Kevin Martin, our business manage-
nician Gary Howard. He and viticulture prof Bob Pool also ment specialis,t provided our growers with infor-
provided some of the older Chardonnay Dijon clones. Back mation on the Corona Virus Food Assistance Pro-
to Lemberger, called Blaufränkisch by some. These vines gram 2.0, or CFAP 2. (Details in Article reprinted
sit on the northeast corner of the vineyard. Every year, yel- on p. 4).
low jackets and friends devastate these clusters. Hard to
To apply contact your local FSA office. Some of-
tell if there is something inherently attractive to bees (color,
fices are open by appointment, but all can be con-
aroma?) and/or if proximity to the yellow jacket nest plays
tacted via phone. Applications need to be final-
a role. A hedgerow is about 1/4 mile north and woods are <
ized by December 11, 2020. More information can
one mile beyond that..
be found at farmers.gov/cfa.
Page 2
Payments are capped at $250,000 per entity. Fam- not be overly helpful for growers’ bottom lines. This is
ily farms with multiple active participant/owners can especially true for growers with significant plantings
work around this cap. Needless to say, this is the di- of Concord, who were hit particularly hard this year
rect subsidy program that a lot of growers have been thanks to a couple of frost events in early May.
looking for. The growers and vineyard managers are nearing the
CLEREL Weather. Per the Network for Environmen- end their part in this annual dance, and now hand off
tal and Weather Applications (NEWA) for the station the literal fruits of their labor to the winemakers. The
located at CLEREL in Portland, NY, the average air old adage in the industry is that “you can’t make great
temp for the past week was 53.6°F down from 64.9°F wine without great grapes”. Given that, I can’t wait to
the previous week, a difference of 11.3°. The air maxi- see, and taste, some great Finger Lakes wines in the
mum temp of 64.5° down from 80.7°, a 16.2° difference coming year. It will be a nice change of pace to have
from last week, and minimum temp this week 43.2° something positive in what has otherwise been a pretty
compared to 48.9° last week that differed 5.7°. Accord- miserable year..
ing to NEWA for Portland, NY, this last week October Hudson/Champlain (Jim Meyers)
2-8th, yielded us 0.43 inches of precipitation.
Finger Lakes (Hans Walter-Peterson) Leucon, no one’s allowed to know his fate,
Not you, not me: don’t ask, don’t hunt for answers
While there’s still grapes out there to be picked, the
In tea leaves or palms. Be patient with whatever comes.
Finger Lakes is on the downhill side of the 2020 har-
This could be our last winter, it could be many
vest season. Most of the remaining samples that we
More, pounding the Tuscan Sea on these rocks:
collected this week were in Riesling and Cabernet
Do what you must, be wise, cut your vines
Franc blocks, which is reflective of what is mostly re-
And forget about hope. Time goes running, even
maining in the field at this point. The overall theme of
As we talk. Take the present, the future’s no one’s affair.
the 2020 season here continues to be high quality but
low quantity of grapes. There have been a few excep- -- Horace
tions where earlier yield estimates were on target, but
Harvest is ending with Champlain Valley vineyards
most are still coming in lighter than expected.
GDDs well ahead of last year and lower Hudson Valley
Brix levels in both Cabernet Franc and Riesling are finishing a little behind (Figure 1). The total accumula-
about 2 points ahead of where they are on average, but tions for the season are shown in Figure 2. The three
acidity in both cultivars is pretty close to where it has final sampling locations are ripening ahead of previ-
been in years past at this point in the season. The trend ous years (Figure 3).
of lower acidity in earlier varieties this year seems to
be less true with these two. I take this as a good thing,
as one of the defining characteristics of Finger Lakes
wines from these two varieties is a noticeable acidity.
At the Teaching Vineyard this week, we harvested our
Corot Noir and some early Riesling. Growers have also
started to pick some earlier Riesling fruit, but it sounds
like next week will be the start of the bulk of the Ries-
ling harvest. Some Cabernet Franc and Merlot have
also been coming in this week, but I suspect as long as
it continues to hang well, much of the Cabernet Franc
will be waiting to be picked for another week or more.
As this will be the final weekly edition of Veraison to
Harvest for the season, I wanted to be sure to thank all
of the Finger Lakes growers who have allowed us to
collect samples in their vineyards this year. We can’t
provide this information to the industry without their
cooperation and support, and I wanted to be sure to
acknowledge their contribution to this effort.
In terms of weather and fruit quality, the 2020 season Figure 1. Difference in cumulative Growing Degree Days (GDDs) and
was a one of the best ones we’ve had for a while, but in precipitation between 2020 and 2019 as of October 9th. Each colored circle
the end farming is still a business, and low yields will represents a farm location. Local CCE offices are represented by colored
squares.
Figure by Jim Meyers
Page 3
Figure 3. Comparison of 2018, 2019, and 2020 ripening at 16 vineyards in
eastern New York. CV = Champlain Valley. HV = Hudson Valley. UHV =
Upper Hudson Valley.
Figure by Jim Meyers
it, the farmer is getting paid something. All that is re-
quired is a simple application. This program has been
live for two weeks.
To apply contact your local FSA office. Some offices
are open by appointment, but all can be contacted via
phone. Applications need to be finalized by December
11, 2020. More information can be found at farmers.
gov/cfap
This update is being provided now because I wanted to
Figure 2. Total cumulative Growing Degree Days (GDDs) and precipita- gather some specific information about grapes and co-
tion for 2020 October 9th. Each colored circle represents a farm location. operatives. For better or worse, payments will match
Local CCE offices are represented by colored squares. 2019 sales. This means that payments will be based
Figure by Jim Meyers
on certificates issued in 2019. It will not include certifi-
cates that matured in 2019.
Growers: You may be eligible for the
To determine gross revenue before you contact FSA,
Coronavirus Food Assistance Program 2 have your schedule F ready. The grape payment
Kevin Martin would typically be calculated on gross sales of grapes
that show up on lines 2, 3(a) and/or 8. Line 2 would
Ed. Note: This article was originally distributed to the Lake typically include payments from cooperatives. Line 3
Erie Regional Grape Program enrollees, many of whom are might include certificates or dividends. Line 8 some-
grower cooperative members that get paid partially on shares times includes cash payments for grapes where the
of the crop, and certificates for future payments. However, buyer did not provide a 1099. This will vary based on
it appears that this program is open to all producers - and software and accountant methodology. No accounting
the information about eligibility and how to apply should be for expenses is necessary. This payment is based on
broadly applicable. - TEM gross sales, not net.
Corona Virus Food Assistance Program 2.0 (CFAP) is
live. This program was originally created to provide fi- Percent Payment
2019 Sales Range
nancial assistance to farms that were directly impacted Factor
by Corona virus. Early on, supply chains broke down
$0 to $49,999 10.60%
and there was price volatility in certain crops. Some
crops could not be harvested. CFAP was designed to $50,000 to $99,999 $5,300 + 9.90%
reimburse those farms for some of their losses.
$100,000 to $499,999 $9,250 + 9.70%
CFAP 2 is a different program altogether. Commodity
$500,000 to $999,999 $48,049 + 9.00%
based restrictions are no more. If a farmer is growing
Sales over $1 million $105,800 + 8.80%
Page 4
Supporting Vineyard Management with Precision
Climate Reporting
Jim Meyers
Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program
Portions of this article were originally published in the April 12, 2018 edition of
Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program’s [ENYCHP] Grape News
newsletter. - JM
Eastern New York is a large and climatically variable wine region. The var-
ious mountain ranges create a complex landscape of farming sites, each
with its own unique combinations of northern latitude, altitude, slope ori-
entation, proximity to the Hudson River and numerous lakes, and natural
windbreaks. Each vineyard has a unique set of conditions to consider when
planting and maintaining vines.
Of the many variables to consider, the most important may be patterns in
local air temperature. At a large scale, there is a temperature gradient from
north to south in eastern NY that dictates what cultivars can be successfully
grown in a particular location. Success requires that fruit ripens to suffi-
ciently high sugar levels (with appropriate acid levels) suitable for making
desirable wine—and that dormant vine buds survive winter so they can
reestablish production in the spring.
Fruit ripening requires that the air temperature stay within the range of
about 50-90 degrees during the growing season, during which time the
vines are ‘accumulating heat’ as quantified by a calculation called Growing
Degree Days (GDDs).
Winter bud survival requires that air temperatures not be cold enough to
damage or kill dormant buds. This threshold is cultivar-dependent and
sensitive to patterns of temperature, not just exceptionally low tempera-
ture events, so the local temperature patterns expected in a vineyard dictate
what can be safely planted.
In eastern New York, daily air temperatures and seasonal GDDs are gen-
erally higher in the south and decrease moving northward, leading to the
northward trend of favoring grape cultivars that can ripen with less heat
and better survive cold winters.
Thus, while vinifera cultivars are commonly grown in the lower Hudson
Valley, Champlain valley grows only the most cold-hardy hybrids. The
broad range of climatic conditions support, and require, a diverse set of
cultivars in eastern New York.
Importance of Quantitative Precision
Selecting cultivars that are compatible with expected winter lows and
GDDs is the starting point for new vineyard establishment, but optimizing
ongoing management requires additional deliberation.
Efficient pest management, for example, relies on careful attention to short
term temperature and humidity patterns. While GDDs might be on track
for a stellar ripening year, recent conditions might have encouraged an out- From south of Poughkeepsie to the Canadian bor-
break of Downy Mildew. der N of Plattsburg, the Eastern NY Commerial
Horticulture Program covers many climate zones
And while some of these short-term weather patterns are consistent across in 17 counties, a distance of 300 miles from Or-
hundreds of square miles, many are not. What is happening on your farm ange county to the Canadian Border, with 200
might not be representative of what is happening 10 kilometers away. geographically dispersed vineyards.
Photo from Google Easrth
Page 5
Vine management techniques intended to improve fruit
quality are sensitive to local conditions and require at-
tention to precision. For example, a research study
conducted in the Finger Lakes that establishes a link
between, say, leaf-pulling and a particular aroma com-
pound may not be applicable to a warmer or colder site
in eastern New York. Air temperature, ambient solar ra-
diation, cloud cover, precipitation, row orientation, and
other factors are important, particularly in eastern New
York where the combination of large-scale climatic vari-
ability and mountainous terrain create small-scale local
climate differences.
A Vineyard Inventory
As viticulture specialist for ENYCHP, I support approxi-
mately 200 vineyards which are dispersed across an area
more than 12,000 square miles, ranging from Brooklyn
to the Canadian border 300 miles north. With so much
diversity in climate, precision tools are needed to under-
stand and advise on local conditions at individual farms.
Over the past few years, I have developed some tools
that have been helpful to me and have evolved into a Figure 2 - Location, altitude, accumulated growing degree days, and year-to-
date precipitation of vineyards in Champlain Valley as included in ENYCHP
daily reporting system for growers in my region. daily vineyard reports.
The reports aggregate data from several sources includ-
ing Cornell’s Network for Environment and Weather
Applications (NEWA) stations, Cornell’s Northeast Re-
Figure 3 - Location, altitude, accumulated growing degree days, and
year-to-date precipitation of vineyards nearby Blue Stone Vineyard in
Champlain Valley as included in ENYHP daily vineyard report for that
vineyard.
gional Climate Center’s (NRCC) high-resolution grid-
ded weather database, forecast information from the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), and digital elevation models from United
States Geographical Survey (USGS).
Figure 1 is a map of the eastern NY vineyards that I
Figure 1. Location, altitude, accumulated growing degree days, and year-to- know about in my region (plus a few on Long Island).
date precipitation of vineyards in eastern New York and Vermont. Each of the colored circles are farms, with the color in-
dicating total GDDs year-to-date as indicated on the
Page 6
first color bar legend to the right of the map. The colored other diagnostic data not discussed here.
squares are CCE offices. Year-to-date precipitation is re-
ported as a contour map, and elevation is shown in gray- Seasonal Variations
scale (color bar legend on the left). Maps of growing degree days are not particularly useful
during winter, so the daily reports include different content
While the map in Figure 1 provides an overview of the re-
during dormancy. One example is the inclusion of bud ac-
gion, it is also helpful to see the sub-regions in more detail.
climation/de-acclimation models for each vineyard. Figure
Figure 2 demonstrates a sub-regional map of Champlain
7 demonstrates such a model for a Hudson Valley vineyard
Valley in which each vineyard is labeled. The open yel-
using two different models developed by Washington State
low circles on the locations of NEWA stations (although
University and Cornell University. These models are in-
the temperature and precipitation data are sourced from
tended to help in the assessment of potential winter damage
NRCC). These maps are useful for looking for differences
and, to some extent, predict approximate budbreak.
among local farms. As part of the daily farm reporting, sub-
regional maps are provided for Champlain Valley, Capital Looking Ahead
District, northern Hudson Valley, central Hudson Valley,
These tools, maps, and reports will evolve as new data
and lower Hudson Valley. Maps are also provided for Lake
sources become available. I am particularly excited about
Erie, Finger Lakes, and Long Island, but those maps do not
the inevitable integration of aerial imagery, likely in the
include inventories of local vineyards.
form of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation
These maps are updated daily, and each vineyard in my re- index (NDVI) and hyperspectral images to aid in vineyard
gion gets links to the maps that are pertinent to their loca- management. In addition, the general technology trend to-
tion along with a hyper-local map of their farm (Figure 3), ward expanding the ‘Internet of Things’ to more and smaller
weather forecasts (Figure 4), historical weather data/trends devices and sensors may eventually facilitate daily vineyard
(one example in Figure 5), recent phenology (Figure 6) and reports that incorporate data collected directly at the farm
from a variety of sensors in soils, canopies, and elsewhere
around the vineyard.
Figure 4 – Example weather report included in ENYCHP daily vineyard
reports. Figure 5 – Example of current and historical precipitation data as reported
in ENCYHP daily vineyards reports.
Figure 6 – Example of recent phenology scouting as reported in ENYCHP daily vine- Figure 7 – Example of estimated cold hardiness models included in
yard reports. ENYCHP daily vineyard reports.
Page 7
Fruit Composition Report - 10/05/2020
These final samples for the 2020 season were collected on Monday, October 5. YAN measurements are included
in this week’s samples. A seasonal summary of trends will be published October 29.
Baco Noir
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Hudson Valley 9/8/2020 HARVEST
Final Sample 8/31/2020 SW HV 0.95 18.8 3.12 13.4 214
’19 Final Sample 9/3/2019 SW HV 1.09 19.2 3.14 14.0
Cabernet Franc
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Lansing 1.11 24.0 3.18 7.9 61
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Dresden 1.16 22.9 3.14 7.2 55
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Keuka 1.32 22.8 3.09 6.8 45
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 E. Seneca 1.34 23.6 3.18 7.3 49
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Cayuga 1.38 21.9 3.20 7.7 148
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Seneca 1.44 23.0 3.16 6.8 42
Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 Central Hudson Valley 1.32 19.5 3.49 6.6 110
Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 SW Hudson Valley 1.39 23.5 3.35 6.1 94
Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Portland 1.65 19.9 3.30 8.8 147
Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-05 2.08 20.2 3.48 5.4 78
Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-09 HARVEST
Niagara 10/5/2020 Niagara County 1.30 22.7 3.20 9.4 42
‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.41 22.2 3.25 7.3 79
Prev Sample 9/28/2020 1.43 21.7 3.24 7.0 78
‘19 Final Sample 10/7/2019 1.37 20.1 3.28 7.3 93
Catawba
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 Keuka 2.55 19.0 2.99 6.0 73
Prev Sample 9/28/2020 Keuka 2.48 18.8 2.88 8.2 84
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 Keuka 2.62 15.6 2.93 10.8 58
Cayuga White
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Dresden HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Ithaca HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Keuka HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Cayuga HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 9/28/2020 2.79 21.2 3.18 6.2 146
‘19 Sample 9/30/2019 2.16 19.4 2.99 10.0 123
Chardonnay
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Cayuga HARVEST
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Seneca HARVEST
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Dresden HARVEST
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Lansing HARVEST
Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-03 HARVEST
Niagara 10/5/2020 Niagara County 1.51 23.7 3.27 7.4 83
‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.51 23.7 3.27 7.4 83
Prev sample 9/28/2020 1.54 22.7 3.26 6.8 108
‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 1.56 18.9 3.10 9.0 113
Page 8
Concord
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Keuka 2.97 19.4 3.39 5.0 130
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Canandaigua 3.01 18.8 3.36 3.5 105
Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Portland HARVEST
‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 2.99 19.1 3.38 4.3 117
Prev. Sample 9/28/2020 3.04 18.2 3.28 6.0 180
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 3.14 16.1 3.29 6.1 128
Frontenac and Frontenac Gris
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Champlain Valley 10/5/2020 S Champlain HARVEST
Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 NE Hudson Valley HARVEST
Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Sheridan 1.17 23.7 3.34 14.6 564
Champlain Valley 10/5/2020 S Champlain 1.17 23.3 3.03 15.5 317
‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.17 23.5 3.19 15.1 440
Prev Sample 9/28/2020 1.11 25.1 3.12 15.8 407
‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 1.14 20.7 2.90 17.3 277
Gruner Veltliner
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Final Sample 9/14/2020 Dresden 1.41 21.3 3.11 5.3 26
‘19 Final Sample 9/23/2019 Dresden 1.36 18.8 2.95 6.9 29
La Crescent
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Champlain Valley 9/21/2020 Central Champlain HARVEST
Champlain Valley 9/21/2020 Northern Champlain HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/21/2020 Geneva HARVEST
Hudson Valley 9/21/2020 NW Hudson Valley HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 9/21/2020 1.27 23.5 3.09 13.0 70
‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 0.96 20.3 2.93 12.7 82
Lemberger
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Wayne County HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Dresden HARVEST 0
’20 Final Sample 9/28/2020 2.32 21.1 3.16 9.3 123
‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 1.78 21.0 2.99 8.6 99
Malbec
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-06 2.41 20.9 3.46 5.8 105
Previous Sample 9/28/2020 LI-06 2.50 20.7 3.52 6.6 114
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 LI-06 2.18 22.1 3.58 6.4 168
Marechal Foch
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Hudson Valley HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 9/14/2020 NE Hudson Valley 1.09 24.2 3.45 7.1 114
‘19 Final Sample 9/23/2019 Northeast HV 1.28 21.3 3.16 10.0 66
Page 9
Marquette
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Champlain Valley 9/28/2020 Central Champlain HARVEST
Champlain Valley 9/28/2020 Northern Champlain HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Ithaca HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Dresden HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Tones HARVEST
Hudson Valley 10/05/2020 NW Hudson Valley HARVEST
Hudson Valley 9/28/2020 NE Hudson Valley HARVEST
Lake Erie 9/28/2020 Fredonia HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 9/28/2020 1.61 24.2 3.24 11.9 531
‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 1.45 22.3 2.97 12.2 172
Merlot
Harvest
Region Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Date
Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 Central Hudson Valley HARVEST
Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-10 1.82 18.7 3.56 4.6 165
Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-04 2.10 20.0 3.57 5.4 108
Niagara 10/5/2020 Niagara County 1.29 25.5 3.22 7.8 49
’20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.74 21.4 3.45 5.9 107
Prev sample 9/28/2020 1.82 21.8 3.43 7.2 83
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.65 21.4 3.52 5.9
Niagara
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Lake Erie HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 9/14/2020 Portland 3.57 15.6 3.18 6.7 176
‘19 Final Sample 9/16/2019 Portland 4.34 15.4 3.14 8.2 124
Noiret
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Lake Erie 9/28/2020 Sheridan 1.62 16.4 3.35 10.5 322
Prev Sample 9/21/2020 Sheridan 1.65 15.9 3.22 11.7 346
‘19 Sample 9/30/2019 Sheridan 1.57 17.3 3.10 10.7 211
Pinot Noir
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Cayuga HARVEST
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Ontario HARVEST
Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 SW Hudson Valley HARVEST
Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 Central Hudson Valley HARVEST
Niagara 10/5/2020 Niagara County 1.42 23.3 3.39 5.0 215
‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.42 23.3 3.39 5.0 215
Prev sample 9/28/2020 1.34 22.8 3.44 6.2 149
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.35 20.8 3.29 7.5 196
Regent
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 9/8/2020 HARVEST
’20 Final sample 8/31/2020 1.48 17.7 2.95 8.4 215
‘19 Final Sample 9/3/2019 TDV 1.62 19.3 3.15 10.0 63
Page 10Riesling
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Lansing 1.18 21.9 3.07 8.6 81
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Dresden 1.32 19.0 2.93 9.3 88
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Keuka 1.35 20.4 2.96 8.6 47
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 CL 90 Cayuga 1.46 19.0 3.07 9.4 144
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Wayne County 1.49 20.9 2.94 11.3 144
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Canandaigua 1.54 18.7 2.89 10.7 95
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 E. Seneca 1.56 18.3 3.10 10.3 216
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Seneca 1.57 21.7 3.02 9.1 45
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Clone 198 1.53 22.0 3.12 7.6 86
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Clone 239 1.45 22.2 3.10 8.5 113
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Clone 90 1.41 22.3 3.12 8.1 117
Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 Central HV 1.37 18.7 3.28 7.2 116
Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 SW Hudson Valley HARVEST
Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Portland 1.94 18.4 3.17 8.5 172
’20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.47 20.3 3.06 9.0 113
Prev Sample 9/28/2020 1.42 20.3 2.98 9.4 136
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.49 17.7 3.07 9.4 118
Sauvignon Blanc
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Long Island 9/28/2020 HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 9/21/2020 LI-02 1.24 19.7 3.28 8.0 242
‘19 Final Sample 9/16/2019 1.49 20.2 3.29 7.2 164
Seyval Blanc
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 9/8/2020 Cayuga HARVEST
Hudson Valley 9/8/2020 SW HV HARVEST
Lake Erie 9/8/2020 Portland HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 8/31/2020 1.54 17.3 2.99 9.4 143
‘19 Final Sample 9/16/2019 1.93 19.7 3.17 8.4 155
St Croix
Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 9/28 HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 9/21/2020 Geneva 1.82 23.3 3.34 6.7 141
‘19 Final Sample 9/23/2019 Geneva 2.12 20.0 3.21 8.8 171
Traminette
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Portland 1.65 21.4 3.10 8.9 246
Prev Sample 9/28/2020 Portland 1.64 21.6 3.11 9.7 162
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.78 19.9 3.02 9.5 150
Vidal Blanc
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Dresden 1.80 21.5 3.12 7.6 58
Prev Sample 9/28/2020 Dresden 1.81 20.3 3.05 8.0 57
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.88 17.7 3.10 9.3 10/7/2019
Page 11Vignoles
Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Loose Cluster R67V79 HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Loose Cluster R65V83 HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Standard Vignoles HARVEST
Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 VSP Keuka HARVEST
Lake Erie 9/28/2020 Portland HARVEST
’20 Final Sample 9/28/2020 1.40 26.7 2.91 14.4 347
‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.88 17.7 3.10 9.3 406
The three Vignoles samples collected this week are from an experimental planting at Cornell AgriTech, com-
***
paring the ‘standard’ tight-clustered vignoles with two ‘loose clustered’ clones. The ‘loose clustered’ clones
have smaller clusters, with more space between berries. Over four years, these clones have reduced botrytis and
sour rot by about half, compared to the standard ‘tight-clustered’ variety (See photo below).
This newsletter was made possible with support from the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, Lake Erie Re-
gional Grape Program, Inc., and USDA Federal Formula funding through the Cornell and New York State Agri-
cultural Experiment Stations.
Veraison to Harvest
is a joint publication of:
Cornell Enology Extension Program
Statewide Viticulture Extension Program
Long Island Grape Program - Suffolk CCE
Finger Lakes Grape Program
Lake Erie Regional Grape Program
Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture Program
Copyright 2020 © Cornell University
The information, including any advice or recommendations, contained herein is based upon the research and experience of Cornell Cooperative
Extension personnel. While this information constitutes the best judgement/opinion of such personnel at the time issued, neither Cornell Coopera-
tive Extension nor any representative thereof makes any representation or warrantee, express or implied, of any particular result or application of
such information, or regarding any product. Users of any product are encouraged to read and follow product-labeling instructions and check with
the manufacturer or supplier for updated information. Nothing contained in this information should be interpreted as an endorsement expressed or
implied of any particular product.
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