Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines, 2013 - Parallel Session 4: Recent Disasters - Lessons Learnt G. Padmanabhan Emergency Analyst & Officer in Charge DM ...
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Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines, 2013
Parallel Session 4: Recent Disasters - Lessons Learnt
G. Padmanabhan
Emergency Analyst & Officer in Charge DM Unit, UNDP India
Contents
Philippines- Disaster Profile (2)
Typhoon Haiyan, 2013 (4)
Challenges (1)
Key Lessons learnt (4)
The Philippines – Disaster Risk Profile • One of the world’s largest archipelago nations, extremely prone to hydro- meteorological & seismic disasters. • It is the third most disaster prone country in the world as per World Risk Report 2012 (UNU). • On an average, every year disasters affect 3 million people and kill 1000 people. • Economic damage is estimated to be around USD 200 million per year. • Around 20 typhoons strike/yr. • In 2011 & 2012 – two major typhoons, Sendong & Pablo (Bopha) affected 6.5 million people.
Institutional structure for DM • National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) established sectoral cluster system for preparing and responding to disasters. • As per the Act 2010, the national disaster risk reduction and management framework has been prepared. • Government has dedicated resources to strengthen response capacity and disaster management mechanisms.
Typhoon Haiyan 2013
One of the most powerful storm (approximately 230 kmph)
ever recorded in the country, hit the Philippines on November 8, 2013
Path of Typhoon Haiyan Overall Impact
Lives of 14 million
people affected in 14 1.1 million houses
provinces & were damaged or
141 municipalities destroyed
Source: UNOCHA, COD, JMA, JTWC Livelihoods of 5.6 million
workers were affected
4Typhoon Haiyan 2013
Five provinces were fatally struck by several successive landfalls
communi transport
power medical
cations ation
Power supply Telecommunication Continuous Five provinces that were directly hit
was cut off in lines were affected rain, severe road had no access to first aid,
seven regions conditions, lack of medical facilities & relief
nationwide transportation operations
infrastructure
With the breakdown of power and
communications system, no one knew the
extent of destruction.
5Haiyan : Actions taken by the government
• At the time of Haiyan, the government and international
community were responding to number of emergencies,
including the Bohol province earthquake in central Philippines in
October 2013.
• Declared State of calamity across the affected areas
• Established the Office of the Presidential Assistant for
Rehabilitation and Recovery (OPARR) to address recovery
needs
• Civil-military cooperation made a significant contribution to the
speed and effectiveness of early stages of the response.
• Established strong partnership with international relief
agencies and private sector
• Out of a total of nine regions hit by the typhoon, four regions
were selected for inter-agency response.
6Haiyan: Actions taken by other stakeholders
• Activation of Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC).
• Coordinated response activities with the Government of the
Philippines.
• Formulated ‘The Strategic Response Plan’ – to support the
Government in responding to the immediate humanitarian
needs of the people affected and to supplement the
Government’s Yolanda (Haiyan) Rehabilitation and Recovery
Plan.
• The total budget for the SRP was US$ 788 million.
• By 31 August 2014, $468 million was received against the
plan.
6Haiyan: Challenges
• Difficulties in identifying large numbers of victims.
• Distribution of relief materials- due to poor road and
other transportation infrastructure, workers were
unable to access even nearby supplies.
• Different planning timeframes and a lack of clarity
around linkages between emergency relief and early
recovery contributed to difficulties in the coordination
and management of transition.
• Coordination difficulties among local and
international agencies due to differences in
understanding transition from relief to recovery.
• Lack of preparedness for the first responders- failure
to educate residents of the magnitude of the
anticipated storm surge.
7Haiyan: Lessons learnt
• Planning
− Though Government data helped the early phases of
international response, later both parties followed
separate paths of assessment and planning.
• Coordination
− Coordination mechanisms were well funded and rapidly
established. Cross-cutting issues and approaches
provided opportunities for inter-cluster approaches.
− Coordination process and tools helped in guiding
agencies to avoid duplication, but it failed to include a
range of agencies working outside this system.
− Momentum of the international system created extra
pressures for some national organizations. Roles and
responsibilities in co-leadership were not clearly defined.
There was limited adjustment to the global cluster system
to fit with the national system.
8Haiyan: Lessons learnt
Preparedness
• Lack of well-crafted disaster preparedness and contingency plans
Local DRR governance
• Communities were allowed to establish settlements on high risk areas or no-
build zones. These were difficult lessons learned in the aftermath of 2011
Typhoon Washi (Sendong). It appeared that to some extent, some of the
local governments allowed a similar pattern of “concentrated risk” on
supposedly no-build zones.
• Use of hazard maps for decision making is required to create resilience
communities
Community Engagement
• Local community leaders and those in rural areas were unaware of hazards,
risks and vulnerabilities. Information dissemination, its clarification, and call
to swift action especially at the local levels, could be done better
9Haiyan: Lessons learnt
• Early Warning
• The guidance, education, and stronger participation of local
communities (given their distinctive local knowledge) in
designing the early warning systems still need to be
addressed.
• Timely warning were given and the use of broadcast media
and bullhorns were commendable. But the implications of the
warning messages were not fully understood by the
community.
• Communities stocked food and remained indoors; but people
had no idea what a storm surge meant and they had no
preparation against it.
• Need well structured Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs)
focusing on warning dissemination especially at the
community level.
10Haiyan: Lessons learnt
Government Leadership
• Strong leadership, practical measures such as co-location, former
institutional working relationships and a focus on implementation helped
in successful cooperation in implementation.
Use of ICT
• Over 2000 humanitarian workers used information services, which were
coordinated by the Emergency Telecommunications Cluster, and
provided/received information (government, United Nations (UN), non-
governmental organizations (NGO) and private sector).
• Disaster information was disseminated to communities through public
radio stations in local dialects
Role of the private sector
• Quality rehabilitation, livelihood assistance and recovery services through
social programs and services were provided to victims
Regional cooperation (Information sharing)
• Sharing of satellite images and data from international weather stations
(e.g. Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Japan Meteorological Agency, etc.)
indicated the presence of regional or international cooperation
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