Top players in the European AV industry - Ownership and concentration 2021 Edition - Coe

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Top players in the European AV industry - Ownership and concentration 2021 Edition - Coe
Top players in the European AV industry
       Ownership and concentration
       2021 Edition

                                Laura Ene (Author)
                                Agnes Schneeberger (Contributor)
                                January 2022

A publication of the European Audiovisual Observatory
Top players in the European AV industry - Ownership and concentration 2021 Edition - Coe
Table of Contents

  Key insights

  Methodology

  Key indicators
     Operating revenues structure for top 100 AV groups in Europe
     Pay TV market structure by subscriptions in Europe
     SVOD market structure by subscriptions in Europe
     Pay AV services market structure by subscriptions in Europe
     Broadcast service market structure by number of TV channels in Europe
     On-demand service market structure by number of platforms in Europe
     AV services market structure by number of TV channels and ODAS in Europe
     TV market structure by audiences in Europe
     TV fiction market structure by number of titles produced in Europe
     Cinema market structure by number of screens in Europe

  Additional Methodological Notes
Top players in the European AV industry - Ownership and concentration 2021 Edition - Coe
Key insights

  The top 100 audiovisual companies in Europe showed some resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic
  which has been accelerating pre-existing market trends. Their cumulated operating AV services
  revenues grew slightly more (+7.7% over 2016 at the end of 2020) than average inflation and the
  overall market. This was due to several factors:

                            Not all market segments have been equally impacted. Players whose business models are
                            primarily based on pay TV and public funding proved more resilient. Those relying on
                            advertising were more severely affected.

                            The SVOD market has been thriving, significantly boosting the revenues of SVOD players
                            across the board. Cumulated revenues of the pure SVOD players (Netflix, Amazon and DAZN)*
                            among the top 100 audiovisual companies quadrupled over the five-year period, comprising
                            7% of cumulated revenues for the top 100 at the end of 2020.

  *No separate data on European operations was available for Apple TV+
Top players in the European AV industry - Ownership and concentration 2021 Edition - Coe
Key insights

   The top 100 developed against a very dynamic backdrop of M&A and divestment activities pushed up
   by the streaming wars and the pandemic crisis.

      Consolidations helped bolster the top 100 companies’ revenues
         These consolidations followed different rationales: obtaining more, premium content at
            competitive prices, seeking to pair that content with strong distribution, or just eyeing
            access to new markets. The players moved horizontally (i.e. acquisition of TVN by Discovery
            in the takeover of Scripps Network Interactive, acquisition of Fox International Channels and
            NGC Europe by Disney in the takeover of 21st Century Fox, acquisition of Sanoma’s Dutch
            unit by DPG Media), and vertically (i.e. acquisition of TV4 Media by Telia, acquisition of CEME
            by PPF Group), as well as in the direction of market extensions (i.e. acquisition of TDC
            Norway by Telia, acquisition of DNA by Telenor, acquisition of Forthnet and Vivacom by
            United Group) in a quest to strengthen market positions.
         At times these consolidations impacted the audiovisual sector indirectly since they were
            primarily telco-driven (i.e. acquisition of UPC operations in Europe from Liberty Global by
            Vodafone). These were more generally moves designed to build strong convergent telco
            offers or to feed content into platforms or simply to expand to new territories.
      Conversely, a series of divestments were also registered between 2016 and 2020, with several
      actors refocusing on their strongholds, be these core businesses or key territories (i.e. MTG
      transformation into a global digital entertainment company, Kinnevik turning to their primary
      telco business, Grupo Prisa accelerating the digital transformation, Sanoma transforming into a
      learning and cross-media company).
Top players in the European AV industry - Ownership and concentration 2021 Edition - Coe
Key insights

   Moreover, the structure of the top 100 audiovisual groups in Europe by operating AV revenues
   experienced several significant evolutions between 2016 and 2020:

      Public players saw their weight in revenues diminish between 2016 and 2020 (down by 3% to
      31%). Although not too strongly affected by COVID-19, PSB revenues decreased over the same
      period by 0.4% in real terms. Also, these players were not part of the consolidation game.

      Overall, the revenues of the traditional players have more or less stagnated, while the growth of
      the top 100 players was largely driven by the new SVOD players. Traditional telco players kept
      their share of the top 100 revenues stable over the five-year period (around 16%), while
      traditional broadcasters lost 5% in weight (down to 77% at the end of 2020). By contrast, pure
      SVOD players namely Netflix, Amazon and DAZN, accounted cumulatively for more than 75% of
      the revenue growth registered between 2016 and 2020 at the top 100 level.

      Concentration levels remain largely the same among the top 100 European AV groups by
      operating revenues over the analysed period. Over the five-year period, the top 20 players
      consistently accumulated between them around 70% of top 100 revenues. This percentage would
      have risen to 85% were it not for the PSBs weakening concentration.

      The private European AV sector tends however to be less concentrated than the US one. The top
      five private European AV players account for 53% of top 20 revenues as opposed to 62% for
      players on the US market.
Top players in the European AV industry - Ownership and concentration 2021 Edition - Coe
Key insights

   Significant changes have been also registered from a geoeconomics perspective:

      The weight of US interests in top 100 revenues has increased (by +4% up to 31% in 2020) due to
      the rise of the pure SVOD players. US-backed AV players in Europe particularly stand out in the
      private sector where they comprised 44% of the main players’ revenues at the end of 2020. Two
      thirds of the US share were accounted for by Sky, Netflix, Amazon and DAZN.

      The share of US interests is by far the highest in the SVOD market, with around four in five
      subscriptions signed off by a US-backed OTT platform. By contrast, pay TV remains largely a
      European-driven business (US-backed companies account for only 16% of subscriptions).

      US interests are less significant as regards TV audiences (only 11% of viewing time) as most of the
      main national broadcasters are still controlled by European interests. However, US-backed
      broadcasters are likely to claim a larger share of advertising as PSBs are bound to access only a
      limited share.

      Nevertheless, US groups have managed to roll-out a large range of thematic channels and
      catalogues all over Europe, which is reflected in a comparatively higher share by number of TV
      channels (19%) and on-demand services (25%) operated in Europe. Discovery, Sky, ViacomCBS and
      Disney are the top four networks in Europe by number of TV channels, while Discovery and Disney
      also rank among the top four groups by number of on-demand services.
Key insights

     Even if US-backed groups have started to increase their operative presence in Europe for TV
     content production, their contribution as (executive) producers of European TV fiction titles is still
     limited (only 6% of the total number of TV fiction titles produced in Europe between 2015-2019).

     Overall, the degree of internationalisation is following an upward trend regarding US interests.
     However, US players are starting to prioritise expansion by investing in direct-to-consumer
     business models (chiefly SVOD platforms) and producing locally as opposed to traditional indirect
     investments.

     The consolidation operations have not impacted the share of US players:
       On the one hand, the largest mergers and acquisitions took place primarily between already-
          US-backed companies or between companies controlled by European interests.
       On the other hand, there were also registered divestments of European assets by US groups
          (i.e. AT&T sale of WarnerMedia's stake in CEME to PPF Group).

     To a lesser extent, emergent markets such as the CEE countries have registered a more rapid
     increase in revenues compared to the other regions represented in the top 100. Their share of the
     top 100 revenues grew from 4% in 2016 to 5% at the end of 2020. This is likely explained by
     players taking advantage of relatively stronger economic growth as well as of the opportunities
     afforded by divestments of US groups regarding investment and the strengthening of market
     positions. This phenomenon was rather common among the telco-driven businesses.
Key insights

   The top 100 AV companies in Europe by operating AV revenues are heterogeneous in terms of their
   portfolio of activities:

      Even if top players tend to be active in several market segments, most appear to be driven by one
      leading activity. Among them, the highest-ranking ones tend to also hold a strong position in at
      least one additional activity.

      For broadcasters and TV packagers, diversifying into TV production seems a common strategy as,
      probably, an answer to the threat of on-demand over-the-top services.

      High-ranking companies in terms of audiences are relatively better represented among the top
      players by revenues as opposed to players topping other market segments. However, the higher
      the position occupied by a player in terms of revenues, the greater the incidence of players
      ranking highest on the SVOD or TV production market.
Key insights

   This diversity of portfolios among the top 100 companies determines different levels of concentration
   in individual market segments, as well as different levels of involvement when it comes to PSBs:

      SVOD and pay TV stand out as the most concentrated audiovisual market segments in Europe. A
      total of 94% of SVOD subscriptions are cumulatively signed off to top 20 OTT platforms, while
      72% of pay-TV subscriptions are cumulated by top 20 pay-TV operators.

      At the other end of the spectrum, the operations of TV channels and ODAS (measured in number
      of services) are least concentrated, with the top 20 players cumulating around one third of each
      respective market segment. The private sector operates 91% of TV channels and 97% of ODAS.

      Audiences tend to be more concentrated, with the leading 20 broadcasters accounting for 56% of
      viewing consumption in Europe, followed by the TV production market (measured in number of TV
      fiction titles) with the top 20 production companies cumulating up to 41% of titles.
Key insights

   This diversity of portfolios among the top 100 companies determines different levels of concentration
   on individual market segments, as well different levels of involvement when it comes to PSBs:

      Even if under-represented in terms of volumes (9% of TV channels and 3% of ODAS), PSBs
      accounted for one third of global viewing consumption in Europe mainly thanks to strong
      generalist channels that appeal to a larger public and with almost all of them offering at least
      one on-demand service at the end of 2020. Also, they are relatively better represented in the TV
      production business (accounting for 16% of the total number of TV fiction titles produced in
      Europe between 2015 and 2019, a lower share than that commissioned, as private broadcasters
      more often internalise production).

      As regards cinema, the top 20 cinema chains account for 38% of cinema screens in Europe. It
      remains a largely European-driven business with only 17% of cinema screens controlled by non-
      European interests (of which 9% are US-backed).
Methodology

  Data providers

     Based on the analysis of data collected by the European Audiovisual Observatory, and data from
     the Observatory’s MAVISE database, as well as data provided by Ampere Analysis, Glance and
     European Metadata Group.

  Scope

     The scope of analysis includes 40 European countries covered by the European Audiovisual
     Observatory, provided that data was available.

  Indicators and definitions

     Figures in the report are presented at the European group level and reflect in general the
     situation for the year 2020. Exceptions: for the number of TV fiction titles, figures are cumulated
     for 2015-2019, to level out variations. For 10 out of the top 100 groups for which 2020 data was
     not available, 2019 and 2018 revenues were used. To analyse revenues in evolution, 2016 data
     was used as a benchmark.
Methodology

  Indicators and definitions

     The indicators analysed at the European group level are: revenues, pay-TV subscriptions, over-the-
     top SVOD subscriptions, number of TV channels, number of on-demand services (ODAS), audience
     share, number of TV fiction titles and number of cinema screens.

     The European Audiovisual Observatory collects on a yearly basis revenue data for the main
     audiovisual players in Europe by relying on desk research, corporate annual reports, companies
     houses, the Amadeus database for public and private companies across Europe and data from the
     EBU’s Media Intelligence Service. Revenues presented in this report have been analysed for
     European groups primarily active in the AV services sector and they derive mainly from the
     exploitation of these AV services (including radio). Revenues of the groups in Europe were
     estimated in several cases by cumulating the revenues of their main subsidiaries. They should not
     be therefore considered as consolidated results in the proper sense, as subsidiaries may have
     exchanges between themselves.

     Ownership information about European and final owner groups reflects the situation at the end of
     2020. There has been a best-effort assessment of ownership and alignment across the different
     market segments by the EAO.
Methodology

  Indicators and definitions

     For jointly owned assets, the indicators have been equally distributed between all parties.

     Market shares, concentrations and breakdowns by establishment or statute of final owner are
     calculated from the total sample available or total market; these calculated indicators are not
     limited to the top 20 and/or 50 showcased in this report.

     When several companies rank in the same position, those companies active in several market
     segments have been prioritized for inclusion in the top listings.

     Considering that the data samples used for analysis are neither exhaustive nor complete, the
     figures presented in this report should be regarded as indicative and not exact.
Key indicators

    Operating revenues structure for top 100 AV groups in Europe

    Pay TV market structure by subscriptions in Europe

    SVOD market structure by subscriptions in Europe

    Pay AV services market structure by subscriptions in Europe

    Broadcast service market structure by number of TV channels in Europe

    On-demand service market structure by number of platforms in Europe

    AV services market structure by number of TV channels and ODAS in Europe

    TV market structure by audiences in Europe

    TV fiction market structure by number of titles produced in Europe

    Cinema market structure by number of screens in Europe
Operating revenues structure for top 100 AV groups in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by operating AV services revenues (2020 - in mEUR)
                                                                                                                                               Market shares of AV group by (%)

                                                                                             Country of     Revenues      Top 100
 Rank                AV group               Country     Statute           Final owner
                                                                                            final owner   (EUR million)              PayTV     SVOD         # TV       # VOD         TV     TV fiction
                                                                                                                          AV group
                                                                                                                                      subs.     subs.     channels     services   audiences   titles
                                                                                                                          revenues
   1    Sky                                GB         Private     Comcast                   US                  16 279       13.3%      9.7%      1.3%         3.2%        1.6%        1.4%          0.1%
   2    ARD                                DE         Public      State of DE               DE                   6 527        5.3%                             0.3%        0.1%        3.0%          7.3%
   3    Netflix (Europe)                   NL         Private     Netflix                   US                   6 152        5.0%               34.9%                     1.5%
   4    RTL Group                          LU         Private     Bertelsmann               DE                   6 017        4.9%                1.3%         1.2%        1.1%        4.5%      3.7%
   5    BBC                                GB         Public      State of GB               GB                   5 674        4.6%                             1.3%        0.4%        2.6%      2.3%
   6    Groupe Canal Plus                  FR         Private     Vivendi                   FR                   5 498        4.5%      3.8%      0.8%         1.2%        1.9%        0.8%      1.1%
   7    ProSiebenSat.1 Media               DE         Private     ProSiebenSat.1 Media      DE                   4 047        3.3%                0.3%         0.5%        0.3%        1.9%      0.1%
   8    The Walt Disney Company (Europe)   EUR        Private     The Walt Disney Company   US                   3 876        3.2%                8.2%         2.7%        2.4%        2.1%
Pay TV market structure by subscriptions in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by number of pay TV subscriptions (2020 - in thousands)
                                                                                                                                    Market shares of AV group by (%)

                                                                                      Country of      Subs.                                                                           Top 100
 Rank                 AV Group            Country     Statute          Final owner
                                                                                     final owner   (thousand)   PayTV     SVOD        # TV     # VOD          TV     TV fiction
                                                                                                                                                                                       group
                                                                                                                 subs.     subs.    channels   services    audiences   titles
                                                                                                                                                                                      revenues
   1    Vodafone                         GB         Private     Vodafone             GB                20 989     10.0%                 0.1%        0.5%                                  2.2%
   2    Sky                              GB         Private     Comcast              US                20 384      9.7%      1.3%       3.2%        1.6%         1.4%          0.1%      13.3%
   3    Tricolor TV                      RU         Private     Tricolor TV          RU                12 257      5.9%                 0.3%        0.1%                                  0.2%
   4    Rostelecom                       RU         Public      State of RU          RU                10 823      5.2%      2.3%                   0.1%
SVOD market structure by subscriptions in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by number of SVOD subscriptions (2020 - in thousands)
                                                                                                                                           Market shares of AV group by (%)

                                                                                             Country of      Subs.                                                                          Top 100
 Rank               AV Group                Country     Statute           Final owner
                                                                                            final owner   (thousand)   SVOD      Pay TV      # TV     # VOD          TV     TV fiction
                                                                                                                                                                                             group
                                                                                                                        subs.     subs.    channels   services    audiences   titles
                                                                                                                                                                                            revenues
   1    Netflix (Europe)                   NL         Private     Netflix                   US                62 470     34.9%                             1.5%                                  5.0%
   2    Amazon Prime Video (Europe)        EUR        Private     Amazon Inc                US                36 507     20.4%                 0.1%        1.6%                                  1.4%
   3    Apple (Europe)                     EUR        Private     Apple Inc                 US                15 097      8.4%                             2.2%
   4    The Walt Disney Company (Europe)   EUR        Private     The Walt Disney Company   US                14 637      8.2%                 2.7%        2.4%         2.1%
Pay AV services market structure by subscriptions in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by number of subscriptions to pay AV services (2020 - in thousands)
                                                                                                                                           Market shares of AV group by (%)
                                                                                                             Subs.
                                                                                             Country of    Pay TV &                                                                       Top 100
 Rank               AV Group                Country     Statute           Final owner
                                                                                            final owner      SVOD      PayTV     SVOD        # TV     # VOD          TV     TV fiction
                                                                                                                                                                                           group
                                                                                                          (thousand)    subs.     subs.    channels   services    audiences   titles
                                                                                                                                                                                          revenues
   1    Netflix (Europe)                   NL         Private     Netflix                   US                62 470               34.9%                   1.5%                                5.0%
   2    Amazon Prime Video (Europe)        EUR        Private     Amazon Inc                US                36 507               20.4%       0.1%        1.6%                                1.4%
   3    Sky                                GB         Private     Comcast                   US                22 727      9.7%      1.3%       3.2%        1.6%         1.4%       0.1%       13.3%
   4    Vodafone                           GB         Private     Vodafone                  GB                20 989     10.0%                 0.1%        0.5%                                2.2%
   5    Apple (Europe)                     EUR        Private     Apple Inc                 US                15 097                8.4%                   2.2%
   6    Rostelecom                         RU         Public      State of RU               RU                14 907      5.2%      2.3%                   0.1%
Broadcast service market structure by number of TV channels in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by number of TV channels (2020)
                                                                                                                                              Market shares of AV group by (%)

                                                                                             Country of      No. of                                                                         Top 100
 Rank               AV Group                Country     Statute           Final owner
                                                                                            final owner   TV channels     # TV     # VOD      PayTV       SVOD          TV     TV fiction
                                                                                                                                                                                             group
                                                                                                                        channels   services    subs.       subs.     audiences   titles
                                                                                                                                                                                            revenues
  1     Discovery Inc (Europe)             EUR        Private     Discovery                 US                    353       6.4%       3.9%                   1.3%         3.0%      1.3%       2.6%
  2     Sky                                GB         Private     Comcast                   US                    175       3.2%       1.6%      9.7%         1.3%         1.4%      0.1%      13.3%
  3     ViacomCBS (Europe)                 EUR        Private     ViacomCBS Inc             US                    162       2.9%       1.3%                                1.6%
On-demand service market structure by number of platforms in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by number of on-demand services (2020)
                                                                                                                                             Market shares of AV group by (%)
                                                                                                            No. of
                                                                                             Country of                                                                                      Top 100
 Rank               AV Group                Country     Statute           Final owner                     on-demand
                                                                                            final owner                # VOD        # TV     PayTV       SVOD          TV     TV fiction
                                                                                                           services                                                                           group
                                                                                                                       services   channels    subs.       subs.     audiences   titles
                                                                                                                                                                                             revenues
  1     Discovery Inc (Europe)             EUR        Private     Discovery                 US                   106       3.9%       6.4%                   1.3%         3.0%        1.3%       2.6%
  2     Google (Europe)                    EUR        Private     Alphabet                  US                    90       3.3%
  3     Rakuten Europe                     ES         Private     Rakuten Inc               JP                    74       2.7%                              0.1%
  4     The Walt Disney Company (Europe)   EUR        Private     The Walt Disney Company   US                    67       2.4%       2.7%                   8.2%         2.1%
AV services market structure by number of TV channels and ODAS in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by number of TV channels and on-demand services (2020)
                                                                                                                                              Market shares of AV group by (%)
                                                                                                            Sum of
                                                                                             Country of                                                                                     Top 100
 Rank                AV group               Country     Statute           Final owner                     TV channels
                                                                                            final owner                   # TV     # VOD      PayTV       SVOD          TV     TV fiction
                                                                                                           and ODAS                                                                           group
                                                                                                                        channels   services    subs.       subs.     audiences   titles
                                                                                                                                                                                            revenues
  1     Discovery Inc (Europe)             EUR        Private     Discovery                 US                    459       6.4%       3.9%                   1.3%         3.0%      1.3%        2.6%
  2     Sky                                GB         Private     Comcast                   US                    220       3.2%       1.6%      9.7%         1.3%         1.4%      0.1%       13.3%
  3     The Walt Disney Company (Europe)   EUR        Private     The Walt Disney Company   US                    218       2.7%       2.4%                   8.2%         2.1%
TV market structure by audiences in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by TV audience (2020 - in million hours)
                                                                                                                                                Market shares of AV group by (%)
                                                                                                            Daily total
                                                                                             Country of      hours of                                                                            Top 100
 Rank                AV group               Country     Statute           Final owner
                                                                                            final owner   viewing time       TV       PayTV     SVOD         # TV       # VOD       TV fiction
                                                                                                                                                                                                   group
                                                                                                             (million)    audiences    subs.     subs.     channels     services      titles
                                                                                                                                                                                                 revenues
   1    Channel One - Perviy Kanal         RU         Public      State of RU               RU                     180        5.9%                              0.2%        0.1%                     0.2%
   2    Gazprom Media                      RU         Public      State of RU               RU                     150        4.9%       0.4%      0.4%         0.6%        0.1%                     0.4%
   3    RTL Group                          LU         Private     Bertelsmann               DE                     137        4.5%                 1.3%         1.2%        1.1%         3.7%        4.9%
   4    Gruppo Mediaset                    IT         Private     Gruppo Mediaset           IT                     131        4.3%                 0.8%         0.6%        0.2%         0.7%        2.2%
   5    National Media Group               RU         Private     National Media Group      RU                     120        4.0%                              0.3%        0.1%                     0.4%
   6    RAI                                IT         Public      State of IT               IT                      96        3.2%                              0.3%
TV fiction market structure by number of titles produced in Europe
Top 20 European AV groups by number of TV fiction titles produced (2015-2019)
                                                                                                                                         Market shares of AV group by (%)
                                                                                                  No. of titles
                                                                                    Country of                                                                                           Top 100
 Rank                AV Group     Country     Statute           Final owner                       (2015-2019
                                                                                   final owner                    TV fiction   Pay TV    SVOD         # TV       # VOD          TV
                                                                                                 cummulated)                                                                               group
                                                                                                                    titles      subs.     subs.     channels     services    audiences
                                                                                                                                                                                         revenues
   1    ARD                      DE         Public      State of DE                DE                      369         7.3%                              0.3%         0.1%        3.0%        5.3%
   2    Banijay Group (Europe)   EUR        Private     Banijay Group              FR                      236         4.7%
   3    RTL Group                LU         Private     Bertelsmann                DE                      186         3.7%                 1.3%         1.2%        1.1%         4.5%        4.9%
   4    Mediawan                 FR         Private     Mediawan                   FR                      167         3.3%                              0.3%        0.4%         0.1%
   5    ITV                      GB         Private     ITV                        GB                      140         2.8%                 0.5%         0.3%        0.4%         1.8%        2.5%
   6    ZDF                      DE         Public      State of DE                DE                      131         2.6%                              0.1%
Cinema market structure by number of screens in Europe
Top 20 European cinema chains by number of screens (2020)

                                                                                         Country of   No. of cinema    Market
 Rank              Cinema chain      Country     Statute           Final owner
                                                                                        final owner      screens      share (%)

  1     AMC Theatres (Europe)       GB         Private     AMC Entertainment Holdings   US                   2 938        7.1%
  2     Cineworld Group (Europe)    GB         Private     Cineworld Group              GB                   2 300        5.6%
  3     VUE International           GB         Private     OPE/AIMCo                    CA                   2 052        5.0%
  5     Pathé Cinemas               FR         Private     Pathé                        FR                   1 360        3.3%
  4     Mars Entertainment Group    TR         Private     CJ-CGV                       KR                     850        2.1%
  6     CGR Cinémas                 FR         Private     CGR Cinémas                  FR                     686        1.7%
  7     United Cinemas              RU         Private     United Cinemas               RU                     640        1.5%
  8     Kinepolis Group             BE         Private     Kinepolis Group              BE                     586        1.4%
  9     UGC Ciné Cité               FR         Private     UGC                          FR                     584        1.4%
 10     Cineplex                    DE         Private     Cineplex                     DE                     560        1.4%
 11     Premier Zal (Magna Tech)    RU         Private     Magna Tech                   US                     505        1.2%
 12     Cinestar                    DE         Private     Greater Union Filmpalast     DE                     449        1.1%
 13     Yelmo Films                 ES         Private     Cinepolis                    MX                     400        1.0%
 14     Cineplexx                   AT         Private     Constantin Film Foundation   AT                     347        0.8%
 15     Helios                      PL         Private     Agora                        PL                     281        0.7%
 16     Showcase Cinemas (Europe)   GB         Private     National Amusements          US                     275        0.7%
 17     Kinomax                     RU         Private     State of RU                  RU                     268        0.6%
 18     Karo Film Management        RU         Private     Concern Karo                 RU                     248        0.6%
 19     Nordisk Film Cinemas        DK         Private     Egmont Fonden                DK                     237        0.6%
 20     Omniplex                    IE         Private     Omniplex                     IE                     231        0.6%

                                                                                                               Download
                                                                                                          Top 20 cinema chains
                                                                                                          by number of screens
Additional Methodological Notes

    Scope

       The scope of analysis for each data set includes 40 European countries covered by the European
       Audiovisual Observatory, provided that data was available.

    Data sets

       Revenues
         European Audiovisual Observatory analysis of data collected on a yearly basis for the main
            audiovisual players in Europe by relying on desk research, corporate annual reports,
            companies houses, the Amadeus database for public and private companies across Europe
            and data from the EBU’s Media Intelligence Service.
         The analysis covers consolidated operating revenues derived mainly from the exploitation of
            AV services (including radio) by the top 100 European groups for which the AV services
            business is the leading activity as assessed by the European Audiovisual Observatory. Groups
            not included: 1) groups mainly providing telecommunication services without details on
            video revenues; 2) subsidiaries of US groups with no separate data on European operations
            available; 3) groups mainly active in production and distribution of audiovisual works; 4)
            cinema chains.
Additional Methodological Notes

     Revenues of the groups in Europe were estimated in several cases by cumulating the revenues of
      their main subsidiaries. They should not be therefore considered as consolidated results in the
      proper sense, as subsidiaries may have exchanges between themselves.
     The figures represent revenues in EUR million, at the current rate for the year 2020. There are
      several groups for which 2020 data was not available and instead 2019 data was used: The Walt
      Disney Company (Europe), Discovery Inc (Europe), ViacomCBS (Europe), BeIn Media (Europe), DAZN
      Group, Bauer Media, Global Media & Entertainment, NOS (NL), COPE and Warner Media.
      Conversion from local currencies to EUR is based on the actual dates of the companies' fiscal year.
     Additional notes for specific groups for which revenues required compilation:
            The Walt Disney Company (Europe) = combined 2019 revenues of The Walt Disney Company Limited, NGC
             Europe and Fox International Channels. Includes film production and distribution activities and therefore
             cannot be compared to the revenues of other US studios in Europe
            Discovery Inc (Europe) = combined 2019 revenues of Discovery Communications Europe, TVN SA, Eurosport
             and 50% All3 Media
            Vodafone = combined 2020 revenues of network video services and 25% of Sport TV Portugal
            Bouygues = combined 2020 revenues of TF1 and network video services
            Liberty Global = combined 2020 revenues of network video services and 50% of All3Media
            Warner Media (Europe) = combined 2019 revenues of Turner Broadcasting System Europe Limited and HBO
             (Europe). HBO revenues estimated by combining last available revenues of subsidiaries in the Czech
             Republic, Poland, the Nordic countries, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary.
Additional Methodological Notes

          NENT = combined 2020 revenues of Nent and 50% of Allente
          ViacomCBS (Europe) = combined 2019 revenues of Viacom International Networks in Belgium, the Nordic
           countries, Hungary, Italy and the UK, and of Nickelodeon UK, Nickelodeon International and Channel 5 UK,
           and the 2018 revenues of Viacom International Networks in Germany
          Altice Europe = combined 2020 revenues of network video services, Next Radio TV and 25% Sport TV
           Portugal
          BeIn Media (Europe) = combined 2019 revenues of BeIn Media IP, Digiturk and BeIn Connect
          Telia = combined 2020 revenues of network video services and TV4 Media
          Telenor = combined 2020 revenues of network video services and 50% of Allente
          PPF Group = combined 2020 revenues of O2 Czech Republic and Central European Media Enterprises (as of
           2020)
          Gazprom Media = combined 2020 revenues of Telekompaniya NTV, Natsionalnyi Sportivnyi Telekanal, Red
           Media and NTV-Plus
          NOS (PT) = combined 2020 revenues of network video revenues and 25% of Sport TV Portugal
Additional Methodological Notes

      PayTV
        European Audiovisual Observatory analysis based on 2020 pay-TV subscription data
           provided by Ampere Analysis.

      SVOD

        European Audiovisual Observatory analysis based on 2020 over-the-top SVOD subscription
         data provided by Ampere Analysis.

      TV channels and on-demand services (ODAS)

        European Audiovisual Observatory analysis based on 2020 figures from the MAVISE
         database.
        Data is presented in number of TV channels and on-demand services, each cumulated at
         European group level.
Additional Methodological Notes

      Audiences

        European Audiovisual Observatory analysis based on 2020 audience data provided by
         Glance.
        The figures represent a calculated European audience market share that is comparable
         across different national markets. The European audience market share per audiovisual
         group corresponds to the sum of daily hours of TV channels belonging to one group divided
         by total daily hours in Europe, multiplied by 100. Total viewing time in Europe corresponds
         to the average daily television viewing time per person per country multiplied by the total
         population per country (source EUROSTAT).
        Data for Bosnia and Herzegovina is based on 2019 figures for daily audience shares and
         Eurostat population numbers, and 2016 data for daily viewing time.
        The data sample includes TV channels with a daily market share of at least 0.1%. The same
         TV channel can be available in several national markets.
Additional Methodological Notes

      Production of TV fiction
         European Audiovisual Observatory analysis based on European Metadata Group data on TV
           fiction titles by main production company.
         The figures represent TV fiction titles broadcasted between 2015-2019 and cumulated at
           European production group level for the given period to level out variations for this
           indicator. One “title” refers to either a TV film or a TV season. Each different TV season of a
           TV series is counted as one title.
         The ownership information reflects the market realities at the end of 2020.

      Cinema screens
         European Audiovisual Observatory data collection and analysis of estimated number of
           screens by selected exhibitors in Europe at the end of 2020.
         The figures represent number of cinema screens at exhibitor level in Europe.
         Breakdown of number of screens by final owner establishment was calculated based on the
           assumption that half of the screens for which ownership data was not available were owned
           in 2020 by European exhibitors.
More information:
  www.obs.coe.int
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