The preshower and the muon detection system of the IDEA detector for FCC-ee - Marco Poli Lener On behalf of uRWELL R&D group - DESY ...
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The preshower and the muon detection system of the IDEA detector for FCC-ee Marco Poli Lener On behalf of uRWELL R&D group INFN BO, FE, LNF, TO
Future Circular Collider @ CERN “Europe, together with its international partners, should investigate the technical and financial feasibility of a future hadron collider at CERN with a √s ∼100 TeV and with an e-e+ Higgs and electroweak factory as a possible first stage.” Proton-proton: signal in a large background International FCC collaboration with CERN as host lab to study: • ~100 km tunnel infrastructure in Geneva area, linked to CERN • e+e- collider (FCC-ee), as potential first step • pp-collider (FCC-hh) long-term goal, defining infrastructure requirements e+e-: clear signal and close kinematics 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 2
IDEA detector layout IDEA detector is a general purpose detector designed for experiments at future e+e- colliders (FCCee and CepC). Preshower Tiles: 50x50 cm2 with X-Y readout Strip length: 50cm Strip pitch: 0.4mm Input FEE capacity ~ 70 pF TOT: 330 m2, 1.5×10 6 FEE channels Muon detector Tiles: 50x50 cm2 with X-Y readout Strip length: 50cm Strip pitch: 1.5mm Input FEE capacity ~ 270 pF TOT: 4000 m2, 5×10 6 FEE channels Requirements: ● Efficiency ≥ 98% ● Space resolution ≤ 100 µm (pre-shower) ≤ 400 µm (muon) ● Mass production Technology Trasfer to Industry ● Reduction of FEE channels →surface resistivity optimization FEE Cost reduction →custom made ASIC (TIGER) Preshower and Muon Apparatus designed ● with the µ-RWELL technology 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 3
Why a new Micro-Pattern Gas Detector The R&D on µ-RWELL detector(*) is mainly motivated by the wish of improving stability under irradiation discharge containment & simplify as much as possible the construction/assembly time consuming /complex operation (*) G. Bencivenni et al., ʺThe micro-Resistive WELL detector: a compact spark-protected single amplification-stage MPGDʺ, 2015 JINST 10 P02008 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 4
The μ-RWELL: detector scheme The μ-RWELL is a Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) composed of only two elements: the μ-RWELL_PCB and the cathode. The core is the μRWELL_PCB realized by coupling three different elements: 1 2 3 1 a WELL patterned kapton foil acting as amplification stage (GEM-like) 2 a resisitive DLC layer(*) (Diamond Like Carbon) for discharge suppression w/surface resistivity ~ 50÷100 MΩ/□ 3 a standard readout PCB (*) The DLC foils are currently provided by the Japan Company – BeSputter- 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 5
The μ-RWELL: principle of operation Applying a suitable voltage between the top Cu-layer and the DLC the WELL acts as a multiplication channell for the ionization produced in the conversion/drift gas gap. Introduction of the resistive stage: Pros: suppression of the transition from streamer to spark → Spark amplitude reduction Cons: reduction of the capability to stand high particle fluxes. But an appropriate grounding schemes of the resistive layer solves this problem (see next slide) Comparison between the current Single GEM uRWELL drawn by a single GE M and a μ- RWELL at various gas gain. The black spikes are the sparks in the detectors, clearly dumped in the μ- RWELL for higher gains 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 6
µRWELL performance overview Gain up to 104 Rate Capability (@ G= 5000) ∼ 5-10 MHz/cm2 Low stat. Efficiency ∼ 98% Discharge probability ∼ 10-13 @ 4000 Space resolution ∼ 100 µm 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 7
Simulation of the Pre-Shower and Muon appatar Pre-Shower • General description of a μRWELL detector element implemented in Geant4 • Full barrel geometry implemented • Preliminary studies to define the endcap geometry • Everything in a standalone code https://github.com/elfontan/IDEA Muon detector • work just started Fine details (e.g., dead spaces, modularity) will be handled at reconstruction level The final description, including a simple implementation of the return yoke of the solenoid, will be done within the official IDEA framework A Machine Learning tracking algorithms will be developed to improve detector resolution A parametric simulation, which includes diffusion, transparency, gain, induction and readout electronics has been developed The effect of the resistive layer, describing the charge dispersion at the anode which depends on the time constant determined by the DLC surface resistivity and the capacitance per unit area(*), will be tuned with a Test Beam compaign data (end of 2021 @ CERN SPS-H8) (*)Dixit et al. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A566:281-285,2006 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 8
Charge spread optimization Charge Centroid method APV & 400 μm strip pitch R&D 2021 plan: measurement of the space resolution as a function of the detector surface resistivity for different pitch 0.4mm (pre-shower) and ≥ 0.8 mm (muon). The space resolution exhibits a minimum around 100MΩ/□ at low resistivity the charge spread increases and then σ is worsening at high resistivity the charge spread is too small (Cl_size 1 fired strip) then the Charge Centroid method becomes no more effective (σ pitch/√12) Beam test Setup sketch Beam test planned for October 2021: H8-SpS test area @ CERN, 10x10cm2 muon beam 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 9
Short and Long term plans Pre-Shower status: Design completed (pitch strip 0.4 mm, width 0.15 mm) DLC foils (ρ = 10, 30, 50, 70, >100 MΩ/□) Muon status: Design compledet (pitch strip 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 mm, width 0.15 mm) DLC foils (ρ = 15-30 MΩ/□) Production concluded by the end of August H8-Sps Beam Test (October 2021) Future plans (‘22-’25): Design of bi-dimensional u-RWELL with final dimension (50x50 cm2) Develop Custom made ASIC (TIGER FEE) Test and validation of both pre-shower and muon protos with cosmic rays and beam tests Technological Transfer to Industry: engineering mass production process together with ELTOS New DLC machine Production @ CERN 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 10
DLC production & Technology Transfer to Industry The engineering and industrialization of the µ-RWELL technology is one of the main objective of the project DLC production @ CERN Detector production @ ELTOS DLC @ Be-Sputter (Kyoto - Japan) CERN-INFN joint DLC facility MOU close to approval 1.9x1.2m2 (GE2/1) µ-RWELL Max foil size: 1 × 4.5 m2 Production Tests @ ELTOS (http://www.eltos.it) Max foil size: 2 × 0.6 m2 In operation within June 2022 Technological Transfer is in progress with the purpose of a detector mass production 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 11
Summary and outlook The μ-RWELL is a single-amplification stage, spark-protected resistive MPGD based on a breakthrough technology suitable for very large area planar tracking devices. • Gain up to 104 • Good efficiency obtained (~97%) • Rate capability up to 10 MHz/cm2 • Time resolution down to 5.7 ns • Space resolution down to 100 μm in a large range of incidence angles of the tracks, with the combination of CC and μ-TPC algorithms • Ageing studies on going • The TT to Industry is in progress with the purpose to make the device cost-effective A road map up to 2025 has been defined for simulation, the detector R&D, the test activity and Technological Transfer 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 12
28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 13
Proton-proton collisions vs. e+e- collisions p g t H t g t p Proton-proton: signal in a large background p-p collisions e+e- collisions Proton is compound object e+/e- are point-like Initial state not known event-by- Initial state well defined (E, p) event High-precision measurements Limits achievable precision High rates of QCD backgrounds Clean experimental environment Complex triggering schemes Trigger-less readout High levels of radiation Low radiation levels High cross-sections for colored-states Superior sensitivity for electro-weak states 28/07/2021 M. Poli Lener – EPS-HEP Conference 2021 e+e-: clear signal and close kinematics 14
Principle of operation Applying a suitable voltage between the top Cu-layer and the DLC the “WELL” acts as a multiplication channel for the ionization produced in the conversion/drift gas gap. The charge induced on the resistive foil is dispersed with a time constant, τ ~ ρ×C [M.S. Dixit et al., NIMA 566 (2006) 281]: • the DLC surface resistivity ρ • the capacitance per unit area, which depends on the distance between the resistive foil and the pad/strip readout plane t • the dielectric constant of the insulating medium εr = × × • The main effect of the introduction of the resistive stage is the suppression of the transition from streamer to spark, with a consequent reduction of the spark-amplitude • As a drawback, the capability to stand high particle fluxes is reduced, but appropriate grounding schemes of the resistive layer solves this problem (see High Rate layouts) 15
Discharge studies The µ-RWELL discharge probability measured at the PSI, and compared with the measurement done with GEM at the same time and in the 2004 (same gas mixture - Ar:CO2:CF4 45:15:40). The measurement has been done in current mode, with an intense 270 MeV/c Low stat. π+ beam, with a proton contamination of the 3.5%. A “discharge” has been defined as the current spike exceeding the steady current level correlated to the particle flux (~90 MHz on a ~5 cm2 beam spot size). The discharge probability for µ-RWELL comes out to be slightly lower than the one measured for GEM. Moreover its discharge amplitude seems to be lower than the one measured for GEM. 16 16
Ageing studies (on going) GIF++ - Full area & Flux = 200 kHz/cm2 TB PSI – beam spot 9 cm2 – Flux= 10 MHz/cm2 X-Ray gun- spot 50 cm2 Flux(rx) = 700 kHz/cm2 GOAL: Integrate a charge up to 6 mC/cm2 Slice test of u-RWELLs during RUN3 in the LHCb Muon APPARATUS under discussion 17 17
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