TAIWAN - CONTEXT, CHALLENGES AND SCOPE FOR ENGAGEMENT - Universities UK
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
TAIWAN – CONTEXT,
CHALLENGES AND SCOPE
FOR ENGAGEMENT
JUNE 2018
Contact:
Joseph Taylor, Policy Manager – Asia
joseph.taylor@international.ac.uk
Audience:
Pro-Vice-Chancellors International, Directors International and
international office staff with responsibility for East Asia.
Executive Summary
This document provides an overview of the current political context,
the higher education sector, and Taiwan’s internationalisation
activity and ambitions. It also includes a summary of Universities
UK International engagement with Taiwan in 2018. UK higher
education engagement with Taiwan is concentrated on research
collaboration. In the future, this is likely to remain the case though
there may be some scope for the delivery of joint programmes.
Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement INTRODUCTION This information note sets out the broad political and higher education context in Taiwan, current levels of higher education collaboration with the UK, and scope for further engagement. Taiwan is keen to increase its international links and has developed initiatives to support this. However, the political situation in the region is increasingly precarious. Taiwan is a high-income economy with a population of around 23 million. It has an ageing population, with a median age of 40.7 and one of the lowest birth rates in the world.1 This demographic profile poses a long- term challenge to the higher education sector and the economy. NOTE 1 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html 2
Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
POLITICAL CONTEXT
Engagement with universities in Taiwan is complicated by its political
context. Taiwan exists in a state of official ambiguity which has evolved
over the latter half of the 20th century to protect Taiwan’s own strategic
interests as well as those of key international actors, notably the
People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the United States of America.
The Government of the People’s Republic of China’s approach to the
island is defined by the ‘One China’ Principle, within which Taiwan is
identified as a province and therefore a subordinate unit subject to
the governance of Beijing. The political relationship between Beijing
and Taipei had been defined by pragmatic ambiguity, articulated in
the so-called 1992 Consensus. The Consensus states that China is
one country and it has one government, though the identity of that
government was not made explicit.2 Nonetheless, formal recognition
of the PRC as the government of ‘One China’ has been a condition of
Chinese diplomatic relations since the 1970s.
Recently, an increasingly assertive international stance from Beijing
and the election of pro-independence President Tsai Ing-wen in 2016
have created uncertainty about the long-term stability of the current
arrangement.3
The European Union’s position4 is articulated below:
The EU pursues a ‘One China’ policy and recognises the
government of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal
government of China. However, it recognises Taiwan as an
economic and commercial entity, has solid relations with Taiwan in
non-political areas, and maintains exchanges in various technical
fields, such as economic relations, science, education and culture.
In line with the EU’s ‘One China’ policy, the European Economic and
Trade Office is not engaged in relations of a diplomatic nature.
The EU supports the peaceful resolution of differences between
Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China, rejecting the use
or threat of force. It urges both sides to maintain constructive
dialogue, and to eschew dogmatic positions. The EU insists that
any arrangement between Beijing and Taipei can only be achieved
on a mutually acceptable basis, with reference also to the wishes
of the Taiwanese population.
The EU believes that increasing economic integration between the
People’s Republic of China and Taiwan can make a substantial
contribution to creating a more favourable climate for maintaining
dialogue and the eventual resolution of the Taiwan question.
NOTE
2 https://www.fiia.fi/en/publication/the-one-china-policy-and-taiwan?read
ttps://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/01/chinese-state-media-makes-war-threat-over-us-
3 h
taiwan-bill.html
4 https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan_en/2000/Taiwan%20and%20the%20EU
3
Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
The UK does not have a formal political relationship development and the democratic elections that
with Taiwan. The UK’s presence is via the British have taken place there […]
Office Taipei rather than an embassy. The nature of
Consequently, there are limitations to the possibilities
the relationship is similar to that of the European
for engagement with Taiwan through official UK
Union and set out below5:
channels, or under the auspices of national agencies.
Under the terms of a 1972 agreement with At an institutional level, however, there is high-quality
China, HMG acknowledged the position of joint activity in teaching, mobility and research, with
the government of the PRC that Taiwan was scope to develop further collaborative partnerships.
a province of China and recognised the PRC
For example, during the period 2013–2017 there
Government as the sole legal government of
were 5,153 UK-Taiwan co-authored publications with
China [… This] remains the basis of our relations
an average field-weighted citation impact of 4.096.
with Taiwan. We do not deal with the Taiwan
authorities on a government to government
basis, and we avoid any act which could be taken
to imply recognition […]
[…] HMG’s principal objectives in relation to
Taiwan are economic. We seek to develop
UK trade and commercial involvement with
Taiwan, including inward investment. We also
NOTE
seek to develop a wide range of unofficial links,
5 h
ttp://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CDP-
particularly in the educational and cultural fields. 2017-0190/CDP-2017-0190.pdf
We support the further economic development 6 S
ciVal® database, Elsevier B.V., http://www.scival.com
of Taiwan. We also welcome Taiwan’s political (downloaded on [24/05/2018]).
4
Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
HIGHER EDUCATION CONTEXT
There are currently 157 higher education institutions predicted to decline by at least 300,000 students
in Taiwan. This includes 70 universities and 87 over the period 2013–202312. Within the public
technical universities and vocational colleges. system, enrolment is expected to decline by around
The sector is composed of both public and private 35% during this period, from 363,324 students in
institutions. There are 33 public universities and 2013 to 233,094 in 2023. Reflecting national levels
37 private universities. Students pay fees for both, of educational attainment, this decline is expected
which are about US$1,924 dollars per year at to have a greater impact on undergraduate than
public universities and US$3,552 dollars at private postgraduate programmes. It is hoped that further
universities. In the World Economic Forum’s Global internationalisation of the sector will help to attract
Competitiveness Report 2017-187, Taiwan’s higher more students from overseas and mitigate this decline.
education and training is ranked 17th of 137. The
system is ranked 21st of 50 countries included in the Internationalisation of the Taiwanese higher
Universitas 21 ranking8. education sector
The higher education sector expanded rapidly from Since the early 2000s, the Ministry of Education has
the mid-1990s in response to social and industrial sought to increase the international competitiveness
demand. Conversely, over the same period Taiwan’s of the Taiwanese higher education sector through
demography has shifted from a young population with initiatives such as the 2003 World-Class Research
a high birth rate to an ageing society with a low birth University Project and 2005 Higher Education for
rate. In 2016, 1.35 million students were enrolled in Excellence plan that aimed to improve universities’
tertiary programmes. This is an increase from around performance in global rankings. In 2018, the Ministry
1.1 million in 2000. In 2016, 95.8% of senior high of Education launched the Higher Education Sprout
school graduates (within the general education and Project (HESP) with NT$86.85 billion (equivalent to
comprehensive high school stream) advanced to approximately $2.9 USD billion) investment:
tertiary education (Ministry of Education (MoE)), and The project is divided into two parts: the first part
32.4% of the population has graduated from college aims to comprehensively enhance the quality of
or university (MoE, 2016), giving Taiwan one of the universities and promote the diversification of
highest levels of educational attainment in the world9. higher education to secure students’ equal right
However, the contraction of the youth population to education. The second part aims to reinforce
threatens the long-term viability of the sector. In international competitiveness through facilitating
response, in 2012 a series of institutional mergers universities to achieve world-class status and
were announced10. Additionally, the University Act was develop cutting-edge research centres, [they]
amended to expedite the merger process. Latterly, will cooperate with the Ministry of Science and
in 2015, further plans to merge public institutions Technology together with funding support.13
were announced with support for mergers of private
institutions. Higher education enrolments fell by
7.4% between 2014-15 and 2015-16, from 270,000
to 250,00011. Looking forward, total enrolment is
NOTE
7 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017-2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2017%E2%80%932018.pdf
8 https://universitas21.com/network/u21-open-resources-and-publications/u21-rankings/previous-u21-rankings-national-higher-5
9 British Council (2017). Taiwan. Country Brief. British Council.
10 http://monitor.icef.com/2012/12/taiwan-counters-enrolment-shortfalls-with-university-mergers/
11 http://monitor.icef.com/2016/08/taiwans-higher-education-enrolment-starts-downward-slide/
12 http://monitor.icef.com/2015/04/taiwan-plans-to-close-up-to-a-third-of-its-universities-in-the-next-decade/
13 http://english.moe.gov.tw/public/Attachment/7121917593271.pdf
5
Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
The second part of HESP, Enhance International The Talent Development Programme is part of a
Competitiveness, consists of two programmes: the larger New Southbound Policy, a regional trade and
Whole-School Programme and the Featured Areas diplomacy initiative, intended to support the island’s
Research Centre Programme. It is understood long-term economic and cultural diplomacy in the
that these programmes will be delivered through region. The policy consists of five programmes14:
additional funding for existing institutions.
R
egional agricultural development: collaboration
The Whole-School Programme has four main in exchange of best practice in terms of food
components: reform curricula and promote security and agricultural technology.
research through collaboration with industry and M
edical and public health cooperation and the
international partners; internationalise the teaching development of industrial chains: collaboration
and research environment within Taiwan; increase in the promotion of mutual understanding and
the competitiveness of Taiwan’s graduate in the standardisation of medical regulations, bilateral
international labour market; and increase the exchange of best practice and opportunities for
‘translation’ capacity of Taiwanese universities. training exchange.
The Featured Areas Research Centre Programme is Industrial talent development: as above, the
concerned with the establishment of ‘cutting edge Industrial Talent Development Programme
research centres.’ Further information on these focuses on short-term mobility and exchange,
research centres is not yet publicly available in development of vocational training, and broader
English, however it is understood that they will focus academic and cultural exchange schemes.
on science, technology, engineering and mathematics Industrial innovation and cooperation:
(STEM) subjects. development of industrial linkages across
A further initiative, the New Southbound Talent the region in green technology, information
Development Programme, is intended to build and communications technology (ICT), and
Taiwan’s links in the Asia region through academic smart machinery.
exchange and mobility. Target countries of the New T he New Southbound Policy forum and youth
Southbound Talent Development Programme include: exchange platform: annual regional dialogue to
Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, promote collaboration in economy and trade,
Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, human resources, technological innovation,
New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, NGO engagement, think-tank cooperation and
Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Specifically, the youth leadership.
programme aims to: The policy was allocated NT$4.45bn (approx.
C
reate a model that promotes mutually £110.8m) in 2017 and has been allocated
beneficial educational cooperation and regional NT$7.19bn (approx. GBP £179.1m) in 2018. This
economic development. amount is being split between the Ministry of
Education (NT$ 1.7bn (GBP £42.38m)), Ministry of
M
ake it possible for youths from targeted
Economic Affairs (NT$ 2.88bn (GBP £71.79m) and
countries to pursue overseas education
the Ministry of Science and Technology (NT$ 560m
in Taiwan.
(GBP £71.79m)).
C
ultivate top-quality industrial talents to
facilitate the cooperation of Taiwanese
business in Southeast Asia.
NOTE
14 https://www.roc-taiwan.org/in_en/index.html
6Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
Student mobility
Since 2007, the total number of students both coming to and leaving Taiwan for study has increased, with the
number of incoming students more than tripling in the period 2010-2016. Outgoing student mobility has grown
at a lesser pace. The following statistics are drawn from the Ministry of Education.
Incoming student mobility
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Number of students 37,177 57,920 66,961 79,730 93,645 111,340 116,416
Rate of change (%) 8.40 55.80 15.60 19.10 17.50 17.70 5.70
Outgoing student mobility
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Number of students 33,881 31,635 57,859 49,219 52,031 54,106 57,956
Rate of change (%) 0.70 -6.60 82.90 -14.90 5.70 4.00 7.10
Research
Taiwan invests heavily in research: £12.74bn was invested in research and development in 2015, accounting
for 3% of GDP15. Most research funding is provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and
the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MoEA). The current presidency has prioritised research in agriculture,
biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, the circular economy, defence, green technology, ICT, and the internet of
things16. In addition to its universities, the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), the National Applied
Research Laboratories and the Institute for Information Industry (III) have all been significant in building the
domestic research base.
In terms of subject area, for the period 2013-2017 Taiwan’s research output (excluding ‘Other’) was dominated
by Engineering (16.2%), Medicine (12.2%) and Computer Science (11%)17.
The amount of internationally collaborative research output has risen steadily over the past ten years as
a percentage of total output, from 18.3% in 2007 to 32.4% in 2017. In terms of partners by volume of
collaboration, the UK is fourth, preceded by the United States, China and Japan in turn.
NOTE
15 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/657502/SIN_Taiwan_
snapshot_November_2017.pdf
16 https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/content_8.php
17 SciVal® database, Elsevier B.V., http://www.scival.com (downloaded on [24/05/2018]).
18 SciVal® database, Elsevier B.V., http://www.scival.com (downloaded on [26/04/2018]).
7Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
The content below is taken from the SciVal database18.
Research collaboration by region, 2012–2017
Region Collaborating countries Co-authored publications
Worldwide 195 65,419
Africa 44 2,555
Asia Pacific 42 37,158
Europe 45 16,788
Middle East 18 4,098
North America 30 30,106
South America 16 2,791
Top ten research partners, 2012-2017
Co-authored Co-authors
Co-authored publications Co-authors in the other Field-Weighted
Country publications (growth %) in Taiwan Country Citation Impact
United States 28,197 -1.7 32,124 57,515 2.16
China 18,034 65.4 17,776 27,204 2.16
Japan 8,547 11.4 9,804 14,019 2.81
United Kingdom 6,444 14.9 6,791 11,262 4.03
Germany 5,258 29.2 4,932 10,487 4.43
India 4,501 55.9 4,396 4,768 3.68
Australia 4,337 16.9 4,742 4,817 4.16
South Korea 4,248 26.4 4,277 4,777 4.08
France 4,241 14.3 3,916 7,131 4.85
Canada 3,929 13.6 4,374 4,948 4.58
As noted, the list of priority areas for the research centres to be supported through the Enhance International
Competitiveness programme has not been published. However, it is expected that they will align to the
established priority areas. Current funding programmes for academic research collaboration include
8Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
biopharmaceuticals, energy and ICT.
Transnational education
As part of broader ambitions to internationalise
its higher education sector, Taiwan is interested
in expanding its engagement in transnational
education. It currently has some overseas provision,
largely within Asia. There is an ambition to increase
this overseas provision as part of the Industrial
Talent Development programme of the New
Southbound Policy outlined above.
Summary
Taiwan is a developed economy with an advanced
research base, which includes its higher education
sector. A significant proportion of its research output
is produced with at least one international co-author.
The measured citation impact of this joint research
is typically very high.
However, engagement at a national level is
complicated by regional political dynamics and
Taiwan’s own indeterminate political status.
Demographic trends threaten the long-term financial
viability of the sector, though institutions are aiming
to mitigate this through increased international
recruitment. There has been some success, with
significant increases in inbound mobility over the
last ten years. Additionally, despite falling domestic
recruitment the number of Taiwanese studying
overseas has also continued to rise, albeit modestly.
Consequently, though there is strong case for
engagement, particularly in research, external
factors add an extra layer of consideration for
interested UK institutions.
9Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
COLLABORATION WITH THE UK
The UK’s engagement with Taiwan is currently concentrated in research and the recruitment of students. As
noted above, the performance of joint research is high. Conversely, the UK’s recruitment of Taiwanese students
has fallen in recent years, out of step with overall figures and the performance of other major recruiting nations
such as the US.
Mobility
The number of students from Taiwan attending UK universities decreased by 20% during the period 2010-11-
2016-17. In contrast, the number of Taiwanese students at US institutions has grown slightly in recent years.
From 2016 to 2017, there was an increase of 1.8%to 21,516 students. Taiwan is currently the seventh largest
source of international students for the US. The number of Taiwanese students in Germany has also risen over
the same period19.
Incoming student mobility (Taiwan to the UK)20
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Number of students 4,625 4,380 4,135 3,965a 3,815 3,830 3,700
Rate of change (%) - -5.30 -5.59 -4.11 -3.78 0.39 -3.39
Research
Research collaboration between the UK and Taiwan has grown in recent years, with modest year-on-year
increases in collaborative output between 2013 and 2017. The majority of this collaboration has been in
physics and astronomy (22.7%). This is notable, physics and astronomy accounts for only 6% of the UK’s total
output and 8.6% of Taiwan’s total output.
The content below is taken from the SciVal database21.
Collaboration between Taiwan and the United Kingdom, 2012-2017
Co-authored Taiwan United Kingdom
publications (total output) (total output)
Publications 6,100 241,282 1160,727
Publications (growth %) 14.9 -14.2 4.5
Field-Weighted Citation Impact 4.1 1 1.57
NOTE
19 http://www.wissenschaftweltoffen.de/publikation/wiwe_2017_verlinkt.pdf
20 https://www.hesa.ac.uk/services/heidi-plus
21 SciVal® database, Elsevier B.V., http://www.scival.com (downloaded on [26/04/2018]).
10Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
Collaboration between Taiwan and the United Kingdom by subject area, 2012-2017
Co-authored Taiwan United Kingdom
Subject Area publications (total output) (total output)
Physics and Astronomy 2,342 37,037 115,316
Medicine 1,420 52,387 359,058
Engineering 860 70,397 142,038
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 756 27,411 138,968
Earth and Planetary Sciences 639 8,087 61,671
Computer Science 555 48,539 107,844
Materials Science 381 33,773 68,852
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 346 13,696 82,433
Social Sciences 326 15,659 173,042
Mathematics 282 19,475 64,289
Chemistry 266 22,292 60,818
Business, Management and Accounting 226 8,530 43,643
Neuroscience 209 4,130 40,628
Environmental Science 185 10,848 57,788
Immunology and Microbiology 172 5,359 35,856
Psychology 169 3,649 46,612
Multidisciplinary 144 2,954 15,740
Economics, Econometrics and Finance 129 4,505 35,562
Chemical Engineering 122 12,367 30,113
Arts and Humanities 104 4,006 92,267
Decision Sciences 74 4,485 12,927
Nursing 74 3,755 30,325
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics 63 5,996 28,161
Energy 57 8,074 26,166
Health Professions 48 2,076 17,610
Dentistry 18 929 7,316
Veterinary 9 520 10,360
11Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
Transnational education
The amount of transnational education delivered in Taiwan is low for the
region. The numbers for the UK reflect this.
Low levels of English language ability may be a contributing factor.
International English Language Testing System (IELTS) data is not
published individually for Taiwan, but relatively limited proficiency
has been recorded in other metrics22. Statistics on the UK’s current
transnational education provision in 2016/17 are included below23:
University Sum of TNE enrolment
Oxford Brookes University 35
University of London (Institutes and activities) 35
The University of Liverpool 25
University of Nottingham 10
The Open University 5
University of Derby 5
Leeds Beckett University 5
The University of Bath 5
The University of Birmingham 5
The University of Leicester 5
The University of Warwick 5
The University of Edinburgh 5
The University of Dundee 5
The University of Manchester 5
Grand Total 180
NOTE
22 https://www.ef.co.uk/epi/regions/asia/taiwan/
23 https://www.hesa.ac.uk/services/heidi-plus
12Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
UNIVERSITIES UK
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY
January 2018 delegation
Professor Dame Janet Beer, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool and President of Universities UK,
and Vivienne Stern, Director, Universities UK International were invited to visit Taiwan in January 2018. The
programme was developed and delivered with the assistance of the British Council.
During the visit the group met with representatives from the British Council, British Chamber of Commerce, the
British Office in Taipei, Academia Sinica, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology and
senior representatives of academia and industry. A very concise summary of the objectives and content of key
meetings is included below:
B
ritish Office in Taipei: a meeting was held M
inistry of Education: a meeting was held with
with representative Catherine Nettleton. Dr Leehter Yao, Deputy Minister. The purpose
The purpose of the meeting was to identity of this meeting was to gain an understanding
opportunities for collaboration in education and of internationalisation objectives including
research. The Science and Innovation Network the Higher Education Sprout Project (HESP)
of the British Office has identified shared and the New Southbound Talent Development
priority themes for collaboration including Programme described above.
health and life sciences, future manufacturing, A
cademia Sinica26: Academia Sinica is a
clean energy, digital economy and space24. comprehensive research organisation. The
B
ritish Chamber of Commerce: an evening event purpose of the meeting was to gain an
was held with the British Chamber of Commerce understanding of current levels of international
in Taipei focused on gender equality and women collaboration and ambitions for further
in business. In recent years, the Chamber has cooperation.
held events with a dedicated focus on gender M
inistry of Science and Technology: the
inclusion. This event provided an opportunity purpose of this meeting was to gain an
to highlight work that has taken place in the understanding of current international activity
UK sector, including initiatives such as Athena and further ambitions. Taiwanese researchers
SWAN, and discuss local challenges, initiatives currently participate in the European research
and exchange best practice. programme Horizon 2020. Shared priorities
N
ational Taiwan University (NTU)25: NTU is a have been identified with the UK’s Science and
comprehensive research-intensive university with Innovation Network.
the strong reputation in the region and globally.
Reflecting this position, the university has taken
a leading role in a number of internationalisation
initiatives including a successful outward
mobility scheme that sends at least a third of all
undergraduate students overseas during their
study. The objective of this meeting was to gain
a better sense of internationalisation within a
Taiwanese institution.
NOTE
24 https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/uk-science-innovation-network-in-taiwan
25 http://www.ntu.edu.tw/english/
26 https://www.sinica.edu.tw/en
13Taiwan – context, challenges and scope for engagement
GOING GLOBAL 2018
NETWORKING SESSION
During the British Council Going Global 2018 and Innovation office in Taiwan, and reflect subjects
conference in May in Kuala Lumpur a breakfast prioritised in the UK’s industrial strategy and Taiwan’s
institutional networking session was held. National Science and Technology Development Plan
(2017–2020). The creative industries were identified
The session was informed by the outcomes
as an additional area of strength in both systems and
of the January 2018 delegation, with a focus
one where joint activity may be beneficial.
on collaboration in research, mobility and to a
lesser extent transnational education. Senior At the meeting, attendees reiterated the value of
institutional representatives from both the UK collaborative research and discussed models for short-
and Taiwan participated in the event. In total, term student exchange. The importance of the Higher
over 30 representatives from Taiwan and the UK Education Sprout Project with Taiwan as a potential
joined the session to discuss how their institutions source of support was reiterated. Participants were
might collaborate in the following areas: artificial encouraged to create and enhance institutional
intelligence, robotics, biomedical sciences and relationships as a means of advancing collaboration.
creative industries. These are largely consistent with
the shared priority areas identified by the UK Science
LOOKING FORWARD
Formal collaboration with institutions in Taiwan Further information
is complicated by its ambiguous political status. The UK Science and Innovation Network have produced
Nonetheless, the January delegation and subsequent a country snapshot for Taiwan including relevant
networking session in May 2018 suggest further contact details which is available here.
opportunities for institutional collaboration, particularly
in research and mobility. Priority subject areas for The British Council Taiwan website is available here.
joint working include artificial intelligence, robotics,
biomedical sciences and creative industries.
Following the meeting at Going Global, Universities UK
International and the British Council will work to identify
any relevant available funding and share
with the sector.
There is also discussion underway regarding a visit by
the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) to the
UK in September 2018. The stated purpose of the visit
is to seek partners for collaboration in a defined list of
technology areas. It is expected that further information
will be distributed to the sector in late June 2018.
14You can also read
