SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH, ACADEMICS, COMMUNITY - Boston University
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SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH, ACADEMICS, COMMUNITY Boston University College of Engineering Division of Systems Engineering
TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: AT A GLANCE Letter from the Head, Page 2 Research Overview, Page 3 Academics Overview, Page 4 Faculty Overview, Page 5 AT A GLANCE SECTION 2: RESEARCH Cybersecurity, Page 7 Healthcare, Page 8 Autonomous Transportation, Page 9 SECTION 1 Energy, Page 10 Lab Directory, Page 11 SECTION 3: ACADEMICS Student Population, Page 13 Accomplishments, Pages 14-15 SECTION 4: COMMUNITY Faculty Directory, Pages 17-20 Administration, Post-Docs & Committees, Pages 19-20 CISE, Pages 21-22 LETTER FROM THE HEAD The 2019-2020 Division of Systems Engineering Annual Report summarizes infor- mation on new research projects, PhD dissertations completed, and the scholarly output, distinctions and honors received by our faculty and graduate students. The Division now includes 18 appointed faculty members with home departments in Electrical and Computer Engineering and in Mechanical Engineering, along with 15 affiliated faculty members from the College of Engineering, the College of Arts and Sciences, the Questrom School of Business, and the Medical School. Our PhD student enrollment has grown to 45 students, along with 24 students in the MS and MEng programs. There were 10 PhD degrees awarded last year, along with 14 MS degrees and 4 MEng degrees. The Division continues to provide full financial support to all admit- ted PhD students through fellowships, while our continuing PhD students remain funded from research grants received by participating and affiliated faculty. This year, our total sponsor commitment for active grants reached approximately $67M, including a number of new grants, some of which are highlighted in the report. We are also proud to list a number of honors and awards received by our faculty, as well as accomplishments by our students. The Division remains committed to world-class interdisciplinary research activities in our primary concentration areas: Automation, Robotics and Control, Communica- tions and Networking, Computational Biology, Information Sciences, and Produc- tion, Service and Energy Systems. In partnership with the Center for Information and Systems Engineering (CISE), we continue to look for exciting collaborative projects that involve faculty from different colleges and departments at BU. We are also expanding summer internship opportunities for our students with companies and re- search laboratories across the US. I would like to close by gratefully acknowledging the contributions of all Division faculty and students who, along with our outstand- ing staff, continue to pursue the Division’s research and educational mission. Christos Cassandras Distinguished Professor of Engineering Division Head Table of Contents P1 At a Glance: Letter from the Head PAGES 2-6
FUNDING ANNUAL TOTALS $67 MILLION IN ACTIVE FUNDS NIH DEGREES AWARDED $52.5M Continuing Grants 19% $14.6M New Grants 2019-2020 TOTALS 10 PhD Degrees 14 MS Degrees NSF 4 MEng Degrees 34% 0 MS Degrees with Practice 1 Undergrad Minor TOTAL HISTORICALLY 91 PhD Degrees DOD 78 MS Degrees 13% 50 MEng Degrees 4 MS with Practice Degrees 11 Undergrad Minors Other ‘19-’20 Corporate 2% 11% DOE 4% DHS 4% Non-Profit FUNDING AGENCY SNIPPETS 10% ENROLLMENT 70 2019-2020 TOTAL NATIONAL SCI. FOUNDATION NATIONAL INST. OF HEALTH DEPT. OF DEFENSE CORPORATE ENROLLMENT $23.4M in total funding $12.9M in total funding $8.9M in total funding $7.5M in total funding 45 PhD Students $2M to fight cyber attacks: $561K for protein docking: $300K for artificial $5M for the cloud: 60 14 MS Students David Starobinski is backed (New Grant) Pirooz Vakili intelligence: (New Grant) Azer Bestavros and Orran 10 MEng Students by five grants aimed at (PI), Ioannis Paschalidis and Wenchao Li aims to detect Krieger (PI) are developing identifying and combating Sandor Vajda are developing and defend against Trojans the Massachusetts 50 24 cybersecurity threats. optimization methods for hidden in AI models. Open Cloud (MOC) protein structure prediction. for free public use. Update: Google and Apple Update: Li received press 40 addressed Starobinski’s Update: Backed by four grants coverage in Wired for work that Update: MOC offers Cloud team discovery while totaling $4M, their work was appeared in the 2020 Design services to groups fighting developing a COVID-19 recently published in Science and Automation Conference. COVID-19 including hospitals. contact tracing tool (P7). the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. NON-PROFIT DEPT. OF HOMELAND SEC. DEPT. OF ENERGY GIFTS FROM INDUSTRY $6.9M in total funding $2.6M in total funding $2.6M in total funding $82K for research training: $2.6M for first responders: $7K for energy $200K for road traffic: (New Grant) Rebecca Khurshid David Castañón (PI), Clem Karl inefficiency: Michael Christos Cassandras is received the Clare Boothe and Venkatesh Saligrama Gevelber is developing improving traffic mobility 45 Luce Award (CBL) to provide are improving emergency a system to determine in highways with Safe funding to a woman graduate response to explosives. internal and external Swarms of smart vehicles. ‘19-’20 student on her team. building air leaks. Update: Saligrama extended Update: The team recently Update: An earlier CBL Update: Gevelber published work in Automatica this work into a new project awardee, Rebecca Swaszek, earned a patent for work and presented an optimal and earned a patent (P5). graduates this year as a related to energy and control framework solution smart-transportation expert. sensing this year (P5). for traffic intersections (P15). At a Glance: Research Overview P3 At a Glance: Academics Overview P4
CAREER 2 PROMOTIONS ACTIVITY Sean Andersson was promoted to Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Systems Engineering Alex Olshevsky was promoted to Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Systems Engineering. 3 RESEARCH APPOINTMENTS Azer Bestavros, Boston University, Associate Provost for Computing & Data Sciences Eric Kolaczyk, Hariri Institute, Director Erol Peköz, Department of Operations and Technology Management, Chairperson SECTION 2 4 UNIVERSITY AWARDS Brian Kulis, Hariri Institute, Research Incubation Award Bobak Nazer, College of Engineering, Distinguished Faculty Fellow Ioannis Paschalidis, College of Engineering, Charles DeLisi Award and Lecturer David Starobinski, Hariri Institute, Research Incubation Award; Department of Electrical RESEARCH AREAS and Computer Engineering, Faculty Teaching Award AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND CONTROL Cyber-physical systems, teams of autonomous agents, networked 4 control systems, image-guided surgery, control of material processes PATENTS and nanoscale systems. Prakash Ishwar, Method and Systems using privacy-preserving analytics for aggregate data, BU alumnus Dr. Ye Wang is among the co-authors COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Performance analysis, pricing and resource allocation, communication Thomas Little, 2 Patents: System and method for embedding phase and amplitude into a real- protocols, cybersecurity, visible light communication, and optical, valued unipolar signal and Ray-surface positioning systems and methods wireless and sensor networks. Venkatesh Saligrama, Large scale video search using queries that define relationships between objects COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Metabolic and gene networks, systems biology and protein docking. 5 INFORMATION SCIENCES PLENARY TALKS Signal and image processing, multi-resolution signal modeling, multidimensional detection and estimation, geometric-based Thomas Little, “The Changing Requirements of Indoor Short-Range Wireless Communications modeling and estimation, image encoding/decoding and the Motivated by 6G” at Silicon Labs integration of digital signal processing with signal understanding. Azer Bestavros, ACM/IEEE CCGrid Symposium Christos Cassandras, 2 Plenary talks: 1) 2019 IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Conference PRODUCTION, SERVICE AND ENERGY SYSTEMS and 2) Kwan Chao-Chih Distinguished Lecturer at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Energy economics and management, smart grids, production scheduling and planning, logistics, inventory control, supply chain management and Calin Belta, MIT LIDS Student Conference financial engineering. 5 SOCIETAL AWARDS Eric Kolaczyk, ASA, Mosteller Statistician of the Year; NESS, Appointed President-Elect Thomas Little, IEEE TAOS, Best Paper, BU PhD candidate Iman Abdalla is first author Venkatesh Saligrama, IEEE SPS BigData SIG, Elected Chairperson David Starobinski and Ari Trachtenberg, IEEE ICBC, Best Paper, BU PhD candidate Anas Imtiaz is first author PLUS FACULTY RECENTLY PUBLISHED 192 JOURNAL PAPERS & 1 BOOK CHAPTER At a Glance: Faculty Overview P5 Section 2: Research PAGES 6-10
TRACKING LOCATION fertility/family planning models, including predicting WITH BLUETOOTH pregnancy, the success of an IVF cycle, the presence of specific reproductive health issues affecting fertility, and making related health care recommendations. Predictive models will David Starobinski proved that peripheral device that indicate researchers tested out how well identify the most important select Bluetooth devices allow it is available for connection. it could be used by a third party factors associated with third parties to hack the device These signals contain a unique to track individual devices. reduced fertility or Assisted and obtain sensitive information, address—similar to the IP Reproductive Technologies such as your whereabouts and address of a computer—and a The researchers are not too (ART) success rates, which activities. Starobinski’s team payload containing data about worried about the security of could pinpoint specific lifestyle revealed that cyber information the connection. Bluetooth devices—yet. habits, environmental factors, becomes vulnerable to attack and other key drivers of when different Bluetooth Most devices produce “There are tons of ways to reduced positive outcomes devices establish a connection. randomized addresses that track people, with or without that can inform health policy automatically reconfigure Bluetooth,” says graduate recommendations. According to Starobinski, the periodically, instead of researcher Johannes Becker. very same features that allow maintaining one permanent A key focus will be on ovulation a device to “authenticate,” or address in an attempt to “It’s always good to be aware disorders, including Polycystic correctly identify, its user—e.g., improve privacy. It’s designed of the kind of signals you’re Ovary Syndrome, which are saved paired device information to throw nefarious observers sending out, especially in the leading cause of female or a fingerprint pass code—can off the scent of a given device’s the age of IoT. I’m much infertility and are associated be co-opted by a third party to location, but Starobinski’s team more skeptical toward these with an increased risk of chronic FERTILITY track the person instead. discovered an oversight in this devices that don’t give you diseases, such as diabetes and process that allows a device to control [of Bluetooth], such cardiovascular disease. Before a pair of Bluetooth be tracked even as its address as smartwatches, where you devices can begin transmitting changes. can just assume they are SERVICES This work is backed by a $1.2 information, it must first broadcasting something all the million NSF grant. establish which device will play Since the payload information time.” a central role in the connection updates at a different rate than By Maureen Stanton for the and which device will play the address information, the This piece is based on an article Center for Information and a peripheral role. Once the communication blips between written by Sarah Wells (COM Systems Engineering. pair’s hierarchy is established, Bluetooth devices paint an ’18) for BU Today. A BU-Harvard research team, led by Professors the central device begins identifiable pattern. Having Ioannis Paschalidis and Alex Olshevsky led a project aimed at improving women’s reproductive Original photo by Priscilla Du scanning for signals sent by the discovered this vulnerability, the Preez via Unsplash. health using AI and machine learning. Most recently, Starobinski’s discovery was The demands of modern life, intelligence to develop an “Collaboration for improving addressed education and career choices, integrative approach to enable discovery and improving care by Apple and as well as the availability personalized reproductive/ for women across the life Google of assisted reproductive fertility predictions and course is critically important,” to improve technologies, are leading individualized prescriptions to says collaborator Dr. Shruthi their COVID-19 many individuals and couples help address fertility problems. Mahalingaiah (Harvard Exposure to delay childbearing. This The researchers will also focus University). Notification has contributed to infertility on improving the understanding service. It is and sub-fertility emerging of socioeconomic disparities in “Merged datasets including mentioned in a as significant public health the use of infertility treatment self reporting, lifestyle, and joint-corporation problems in the US, affecting services. exposures, clinical-grade document that about 15% of couples, and data, and data collected from explains the resulting in more than $5 billion “The overall goal is to enable wearable devices will provide technology. spent annually in infertility people to optimize health personalized insights so that services. Such costs are often before conception, identify women can be empowered to not covered by health insurance modifiable determinants of understand information on the and, consequently, generate fertility, and reduce health health of their bodies and make access disparities. risks during pregnancy and the best choices for their health Original photo beyond,” says Professor Ioannis and futures.” by Brett Jordan The BU-led project will leverage Paschalidis (PI). via Unsplash. machine learning and artificial The research team will develop Research: Cybersecurity P7 Research: Healthcare P8
DRONE CHANGING THE AUTOPILOT ENERGY LANDSCAPE Inside Ioannis Paschalidis’ navigation method that maps the framework for how scientists lab, moths are playing a “video specific location of obstacles. can observe animals and collect To create a tool that measures their performance and ability to Caramanis is joined by fellow Boston University received game” where they travel through actionable data. the risk associated with energy deliver market cleared capacity Boston University Systems this competitive award from a virtual forest displayed on a Back in the lab, the team coded markets, academic and industry and energy,” explains project Engineering Professors ARPA-E’s Performance- projector screen. a computer simulation with an “Together with behavioral researchers are joining forces. lead Michael Caramanis. Christos Cassandras based Energy Resource obstacle course that looked observations, we can Lead by a BU Professor of and Ioannis Paschalidis. Feedback, Optimization, The team is working to develop like a forest, through which the understand what is happening Systems Engineering, the “By synthesizing ideas and Panagiotis Andrianesis joined and Risk Management a self-navigating vehicle that drones would trek. The first done in the brain,” says Paschalidis. team is creating a tool is called theories from finance and the team as an SE post-doc (PERFORM) program, which behaves like an omniscient living mimicked the moth’s optical flow “[And ultimately, create] more New Risk Assessment and insurance, operations research, and was appointed Research works to develop innovative animal. By studying how moths’ strategy, while the second drone autonomous, more adaptable Management Paradigm or power system engineering Associate Professor of Systems management systems that naturally approach navigation, utilized an upgraded system robot systems.” NewRAMP. It is expected to and electricity market design, Engineering in late Summer represent the relative delivery the team can build a bio-inspired with optical flow and obstacle overhaul electricity markets NewRAMP will offer ground- 2020. risk of each asset, like wind synthetic navigation system. detection support. This project is funded in part by efficiently addressing breaking methodologies farms or power plants, and Fellow SE professors John by a $7.5 million Department uncertainty in the forthcoming constituting a risk-driven The team also brings together balance the collective risk of all Baillieul and Roberto Tron are The second drone navigated of Defense Multidisciplinary massive renewable generation paradigm to achieve higher BU Professors Nalin Kulatilaka assets across the grid. among the team of researchers. more effectively than the University Research Initiative and electrification of fossil fuel adoption of stochastic (Questrom Finance), John first, but with a big catch: the (MURI) grant. reliant energy uses. resources and a more efficient Liagouris (CAS Computer --- “Humans and animals are enhanced program had to be and reliable system operation. Science) and Pablo A. Ruiz The award was announced in ideal navigators,” says readjusted to perform optimally “The NewRAMP project will As such, it will contribute to (COE Mechanical Engineering) February of 2020, with funds to Paschalidis, senior author on a in each new forest simulation. This piece is based on an article develop innovative approaches reducing imported energy, with researchers from Harvard, be disbursed in 2020/2021. new study published in PLOS written by Kerry Benson, The that quantify the risk of reducing energy-related Brattle Group and Southwest Computational Biology. In contrast, the first drone Brink individual Electric-Power-Grid- emissions and improving Power Pool. By Maureen Stanton for the was more adaptable to new interconnected assets based on energy efficiency.” Center for Information and Moths primarily rely on a environments. While it didn’t The original moth photo by Paul Systems Engineering. system called “optical flow” to select the absolute best path Biñas’ via Unsplash; original navigate while flying; and while through the different forest drone photo by Jason Blackeye Original photo by Karsten this technique is effective, it is environments, its strategy could via Unsplash. Wurth via unsplash. not failsafe. Moths frequently perform better across a wide crash and die while flying. To range of scenarios without explore this dilemma, the team needing to be adjusted by developed a test to compare two human input. navigation approaches - optical flow vs. enhanced optical flow. Key to this study is the The enhancement is essentially methodology. It is the first the addition of a second-tier experiment to establish a Research: Autonomous Systems P9 Research: Green Energy P10
LABORATORIES HEADLINE ANDERSSON LABORATORY INFORMATION & DATA NETWORKS RESEARCH SPIRA-LENBURG Sean Andersson SCIENCES LABORATORY GROUP LABORATORY bu.edu/anderssonlab C. Cassandras, D. Castañón, A. Bestavros, M. Crovella, Avrum Spira The lab explores the dynamics W. Karl, B. Kulis, W. Li, A. Matta bumc.bu.edu/compbiomed/ in nanometer-scale systems T. Little, P. Ishwar, B. Nazer, bu.edu/cs/nrg/ labs/spira-lenburg with fundamental theory, A. Olshevsky, I. Paschalidis, Research encompasses network The lab utilizes post-genomic applied mathematics, and V. Saligrama, D. Starobinski, measurement, architectures technologies and computation- ACADEMICS physical experiments. The work A. Trachtenberg and protocols. Projects span al tools to improve the diagno- applies to nanobioscience, nan- bu.edu/iss from the design and imple- sis, treatment and prevention of otechnology, and robotics. The lab designs and synthesizes mentation to the analysis of lung disease. secure networked systems for networked applications and ADVANCED PROCESS optimum decision-making and systems. VAJDA LABORATORY CONTROL LABORATORY Michael Gevelber control. OPTIMIZATION AND Sandor Vajda vajdalab.org SECTION 3 bu.edu/pcl INTELLIGENT MACHINE LEARNING The lab focuses on the recog- The lab applies a controls- MECHATRONICS LABORATORY nition of proteins and small based approach to integrate LABORATORY Francesco Orabona molecules by protein receptors. process modeling, sensor de- J. Baillieul, S. Andersson, sites.google.com/view/optimal-lab/ The work applies to metabolic velopment, system and control H. Wang The lab explores the research control, signal transduction, design and experimentation. bu.edu/iml topic at the intersection be- gene regulation, rational drug Projects explore limited-band- tween machine learning and and vaccine design. CONTROL OF DISCRETE width control problems, coopera- optimization, with emphasis on EVENT SYSTEMS LABORATORY (CODES) tive systems and control, symbolic control and animal-inspired agile adaptive and parameter-free methods. VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING LABORATORY THE MISSION Christos Cassandras flight control. J. Konrad, P. Ishwar Rather than focus on specific application areas, the SE curriculum christosgcassandras.org/codes NETWORK OPTIMIZATION & vip.bu.edu/ offers a holistic view of the field: a fundamental science-based The lab conducts research on LABORATORY OF CONTROL LABORATORY Projects relate to technology education applicable to all aspects of modeling, analysis, modeling, design, analysis, per- NETWORKING & Ioannis Paschalidis transfer in the broad areas of simulation, control, optimization and management of complex formance evaluation, control and optimization of a variety INFORMATION SYSTEMS sites.bu.edu/paschalidis/ image, video and multimedia systems. The Division cuts across numerous departments at BU to of discrete events and hybrid D. Starobinski, Research deals with fundamen- processing. This visual infor- provide a well-rounded perspective of the environment in which systems. A.Trachtenberg tal problems in the fields of mation processing research a system is housed. An education in systems engineering touches nislab.bu.edu optimization, control, stochastic applies to visual surveillance, on skill sets based in areas like electronics, mechanics, chemistry, DATA SCIENCE & MACHINE The lab offers a perspective on systems and data science. 3D video and human-computer biology, business management, logistics and more. Graduates are LEARNING LABORATORY modern networking with em- interfaces. equipped with unique skills to adapt to a variety of domains. Venkatesh Saligrama phasis on scalability, heteroge- RELIABLE COMPUTING sites.bu.edu/data/ neity and performance. LABORATORY Projects related to vision and learning, decision and control MULTI-DIMENSIONAL Lev Levitin bu.edu/reliable GLOBAL DUAL DEGREE machine learning and struc- SE partners with Tsinghua University in Beijing for a dual SIGNAL PROCESSING Projects span from the design tured signal processing. engineering degree program. Students are selected from the LABORATORY of computer chips to efficiency Department of Automation at Tsinghua University to enroll in BU’s W. Clem Karl testing in hardware, software, DEPENDABLE COMPUTING mdsp.bu.edu signal processing and net- courses for two semesters. Afterwards, they return to Tsinghua LABORATORY The lab applies computational works. University to complete the program. US News & World Report ranks Wenchao Li imaging to develop statistical partner Tsinghua University as one of the top global engineering sites.bu.edu/depend/ models to extract information ROBOTICS LABORATORY programs. The research spans depend- from diverse and vulnerable C. Belta & S. Andersson, STUDENT FUNDING able computing, particularly the data sources. J. Baillieul, C. Cassandras, development of computational R. Tron proof methods and machine MULTIMEDIA sites.bu.edu/robotics Students are guaranteed funding for five years conditioned on learning techniques to aid the COMMUNICATIONS Research spans several areas of satisfactory academic performance. construction of safe, reliable LABORATORY robotics, including motion plan- Currently, 44 PhD students and 6 MS students receive funding: and secure systems. Thomas Little ning, control, machine learning 36 PhD Doctoral Research Fellows hulk.bu.edu and computer vision. 6 PhD Systems Fellows HYBRID AND NETWORKED Projects focus on ubiquitous 2 PhD Dean’s Fellows SYSTEMS LABORATORY distributed computing, specif- 6 MS students with Tuition Scholarships Calin Belta ically in the area of distributed sites.bu.edu/hyness multimedia information systems The lab is focused on integrat- emphasizing time-dependent ing algorithms and machine and continuous media data. learning to make robots smart- er and more autonomous. Research: Lab Directory P11 Section 3: Academics PAGES 12-15
PHD STUDENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS DEMOGRAPHICS SUHAIL ALSALEHI KASRA GHASEMI penetration rate effect of Hopper Conference: Advisor: C. Belta Advisor: C. Belta connected and automated Simultaneous Localization and Oral Presentation: MIT Journal Publication: Ghasemi, vehicles in mixed traffic routing, Parameter Estimation for Single Ideathon: How the Education Kasra & Sadraddini, Sadra & IEEE Intelligent Transportation Particle Tracking in Confined System in the MENA Region Belta, Calin. Compositional Systems Conference. Environments. 7 DOMESTIC 38 INTERNATIONAL has been Affected by the Synthesis via a Convex Conference Publication: Salazar, Journal Publication: Lin, PHD STUDENTS PHD STUDENTS COVID-19 Pandemic. Parameterization of Assume- Mauro, Arian Houshmand, Ye, Sean B. Andersson. 2 FEMALE 5 MALE 12 FEMALE 26 MALE Guarantee Contracts. Christos G. Cassandras, and Quantitative Comparison Oral Presentation: MIT Sloan Health Competition: Pitched a Journal Publication: Ghasemi, Marco Pavone. Optimal routing of Single Particle Tracking Startup Idea. Kasra & Sadraddini, Sadra & and energy management Algorithms Across Different Belta, Calin. Compositional strategies for plug-in hybrid Signal and Noise Levels, RUI CHEN Synthesis of Decentralized electric vehicles, IEEE Intelligent Biophysical Journal. Advisor: C. Cassandras Robust Set-Invariance Transportation Systems Oral Presentation: CISE CGSW Journal Publication: R. Controllers for Large-scale Conference. 7.0: Simultaneous Localization Chen and C. G. Cassandras. Linear Systems. and Parameter Estimation for ARMAN KARIMIAN MASTERS Stochastic Flow Models VITTORIO GIAMMARINO Advisor: R. Tron Single Particle Tracking via DEMOGRAPHICS with Delays, Blocking and Sigma Points based EM. Applications to Multi- Advisor: C. Cassandras Conference Publication: Oral Presentation: Quantitative Intersection Traffic Light Conference Publication: V. Karimian, Arman, Roberto BioImaging Conference, UK: Control, Journal of Discrete Giammarino, M. Lv, S. Baldi, Tron. Bearing-only Consensus Quantitative Comparison Event Dynamic Systems. P. Frasca and M. L. Delle and Formation Control under of Single Particle Tracking Conference Publication: R. Monache. On a weaker notion Directed Topologies, IEEE ACC. Algorithms Across Different Chen, C. G. Cassandras, and A. of ring stability for mixed Signal and Noise Levels. Tahmasbi-Sarvestani. Time and traffic with human-driven and XIAOYU LI Advisor: R. Orabona Conference Publication: Center 7 DOMESTIC 17 INTERNATIONAL energy-optimal lane change autonomous vehicles, IEEE for Autonomous and Robotic MASTERS MASTERS maneuvers for cooperating CDC. Conference Publication: Li, 1 FEMALE 6 MALE 6 FEMALE 11 MALE Systems Kick off: Simultaneous STUDENTS STUDENTS connected automated vehicles, Xiaoyu, Francesco Orabona. Journal Publication: V. Localization and Parameter IEEE CDC Giammarino, S. Baldi, P. A High Probability Analysis of Estimation for Single Particle Travel Award: Canada: Neural Frasca and M. L. D. Monache, Adaptive SGD with Momentum, Tracking via Sigma Points Information Processing Systems Traffic Flow on a Ring With a ICML 2020 Workshop on based EM. Foundation. Single Autonomous Vehicle: Beyond First Order Methods in An Interconnected Stability ML Systems. NOUSHIN MEHDIPOUR ADITYA GANGRADE Perspective, IEEE Transactions Advisor: C. Belta Advisor: B. Nazer on Intelligent Transportation YE LIN Advisor: S. Andersson Travel Award: Phoenix, AZ: PHD DISSERTATIONS Journal Publication: Gangrade, Systems. ACC Annual Meeting Aditya, Praveen Venkatesh, Conference Publication: NASSER HASHEMI Godoy, Boris I., Ye Lin, Sean Conference Publication: RUIDI CHEN, Advised by I. Paschalidis, Distributionally Robust Learning under the Wasserstein Metric Bobak Nazer, Venkatesh Mehdipour, Noushin, Saligrama. Efficient Near- Advisor: P. Vakili B. Andersson. A Time-Varying ARIAN HOUSHMAND, Advised by C. Cassandras, Eco-routing and Scheduling of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Approach to Single Particle Cristian-Ioan Vasile, Calin Optimal Testing of Community Journal Publication: Belta. Arithmetic-geometric FRANCISCO PENEDO ALVAREZ, Advised by C. Belta, Formal Methods for Partial Differential Equations Changes in Balanced Stochastic Houshmand, Arian, Christos G. Tracking with a Nonlinear Observation Mode, 2020 ACC. mean robustness for control ADAM SONNENBERG, Advised by B. Suki, Towards Optimizing Particle Deposition in Bifurcating Structures Block Models, Advances in Cassandras, Nan Zhou, Nasser from signal temporal logic REBECCA SWASZEK, Advised by C. Cassandras, Data-Driven Fleet Load Balancing Strategies for Shared Mobility-On-Demand Systems Neural Information Processing Hashemi, Boqi Li, and Huei Conference Publication: Godoy, specifications, IEEE ACC. Systems. Peng. Combined Eco-Routing Boris I. , Nicholas A. Vicker, TAIYAO WANG, Advised by C. Cassandras, Data Analytics And Optimization Methods In Biomedical Systems: From Microbes To Humans and Power-Train Control of Ye Lin, Sean B. Andersson. Conference Publication: Conference Publication: Mehdipour, Noushin, Cristian- TINGTING XU, Advised by I. Paschalidis, Machine Learning for Effective Predictions and Prescriptions in Health Care Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Estimation of General Time- Gangrade, Aditya, Durmus Ioan Vasile, Calin Belta. FATMA YANIKARA, Advised by M. Caramanis, Decentralized Scheduling of EV Energy and Regulation Reserve Services in Distribution Network Markets Alp Emre Acar, and Venkatesh in Transportation Networks. varying Single Particle Tracking Linear Models Using Local Average-based robustness YUE (JOYCE) ZHANG, Advised by C. Cassandras, Methods in Intelligent Transportation Systems Exploiting Vehicle Connectivity, Autonomy and Roadway Data Saligrama. Budget Learning for continuous-time signal via Bracketing, International MAJID HEIDARIFAR Likelihood, European Control HENGHUI ZHU, Advised by I. Paschalidis, Making Decisions Based on Context: Models and Applications in Cognitive Sciences and Natural Language Processing Advisor: M. Caramanis Conference. temporal logic, IEEE CDC. Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. Travel Award: Atlanta, GA: IEEE Conference Publication: Conference Publication: INTERNSHIPS PES General Meeting. Lin, Ye, Sean B. Andersson. Haghighi, Iman, Noushin Conference Publication: Mehdipour, Ezio Bartocci, Siahamari, Ali, Aditya Simultaneous Localization and ARIAN HOUSHMAND Calin Belta. Control from signal MAHROO BAHREINIAN, iRobot Gangrade, Brian Kulis, and Parameter Estimation for Single Advisor: C. Cassandras Particle Tracking via Sigma temporal logic specifications MAJID HEIDARIFAR, Electric Power Research Institute Venkatesh Saligrama. Piecewise with smooth cumulative Linear Regression via a Conference Publication: Points based EM., 58th IEEE ARTIN SPIRIDONOFF, Radial Analytics CDC. quantitative semantics, IEEE Difference of Convex Functions, Houshmand, Arian, Salomón CDC. XIAO WANG, Amazon Web Services International Conference on Wollenstein-Betech, and Oral Presentation: Grace SALOMON WOLLENSTEIN-BETECH, PROS Inc. Machine Learning. Christos G. Cassandras. The WEI XIAO, APTIV Academics: Student Population P13 Academics: Student Accomplishments P14
CONTINUED Oral Presentation: EBICS Estimates for Regularized Mixed G. Cassandras. Distributed 21st IFAC World Congress. Research Webinar on SynBio Linear Regression Models Non-Convex Optimization of Journal Publication: Welikala, Approaches to Organoids: by Taiyao Wang and Ioannis Multi-Agent Systems Using Shirantha, Christos G. Automated Frameworks for Paschalidis, Presented at IEEE Boosting Functions to Escape Cassandras. Asymptotic Spatial and Spatiotemporal CDC and CISE CGSW 7.0. Local Optima, IEEE ACC. Analysis for Greedy Initialization Pattern Synthesis. Journal Publication: Wang, Journal Publication: Sun, of Threshold-Based Distributed COMMUNITY Oral Presentation: Grace Taiyao, Paschalidis, Ioannis. Chuangchuang, Shirantha Optimization of Persistent Hopper Celebration: Convergence of Parameter Welikala, Christos G. Monitoring on Graphs. Spatiotemporal Pattern Estimates for Regularized Cassandras. Optimal Journal Publication: Welikala, Synthesis Using Machine Mixed Linear Regression Composition of Heterogeneous Shirantha, Christos G. SECTION 4 Learning and Optimization. Models. Multi-Agent Teams for Cassandras. Event-Driven Conference Publication: Coverage Problems with Receding Horizon Control Arithmetic-geometric mean XIAO WANG Performance Bound For Distributed Persistent robustness for control Advisor: P. Chin Guarantees, Automatica. Monitoring in Network Systems. from signal temporal logic Travel Award: Macao, China: Journal Publication: Sun, Oral Presentation: CISE CGSW specifications, IEEE ACC. International Joint Conference Chuangchuang, Shirantha 7.0: Improved Performance SHAHABEDDIN SOTUDIAN on Artificial Intelligence. Welikala, Christos G. Cassandras. Optimal Bound Guarantees for CROSS-DISCIPLINARY FOUNDATION Submodular Maximization and Advisor: I. Paschalidis YUPING WANG Composition of Heterogeneous Applications in Multi-Agent Award: Summer fellowship from Advisor: G. Stringhini Multi-Agent Teams for Coverage Control. Coverage Problems with The Division of Systems makes possible ground-breaking BU Institute for Health System Oral Presentation: BU IHSIP Innovation & Policy, Digital Student Research Summer Performance Bound collaborations and discoveries by uniting researchers that have Health Initiative. Seminar: Tracking COVID-19 Guarantees. primary appointments in different colleges across the campus, Misinformation. Conference Publication: including: TAIYAO WANG Welikala, Shirantha, Christos Advisor: I. Paschalidis SHIRANTHA WELIKALA G. Cassandras. Asymptotic College of Arts and Sciences Advisor: C. Cassandras Analysis for Greedy Initialization Bioinformatics Program, Department of Computer Science, Award: CISE CGSW 7.0, Third Department of Mathematics and Statistics Place, Best Paper Award. Conference Publication: of Threshold-Based Distributed Optimization of Persistent College of Engineering Convergence of Parameter Welikala, Shirantha, Christos Department of Biomedical Engineering,Department of Electrical Monitoring on Graphs, Proc. of and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Materials Science and Engineering Questrom School of Business Operations and Technology Management SMART CITIES School of Medicine DISSERTATION AWARD Division of Computational Biomedicine FACULTY PROFESSIONAL In road transport engineering, an intersection is defined as at- Ruidi Chen won the Division of Systems Engineering Best grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross. SOCIETY ENGAGEMENT Dissertation Award, titled “Distributionally Robust Learning Statistically, it has been evidenced that intersections present a under the Wasserstein Metric.” Chen was advised by major hurdle in traffic control as they account for the lion’s share Ioannis Paschalidis. of accidents and of overall road congestion. Present technological 4 Presidents of Professional Society (past/present) innovations have led to the introduction of autonomous vehicles/ 6 Editors-in-Chief (past/present) Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs). Ideally, such innovations 19 Professional Society Fellows demand the development of an efficient traffic management 14 CAREER Winners method purposed to reduce congestion and increase safety with not affect the existing infrastructure. This can be achieved through Plus, SE faculty have served as general chair or track chair for more tighter spacing of vehicles. than 100 major conferences hosted all over the world. Professor Christos Cassandras and former PhD student GRACE HOPPER Yue Zhang published a solution to the problem in Automatica. They CELEBRATION presented a intersection traffic management framework for CAVs crossing a signal-free intersection. Three SE PhD students - Clara Lin, Rui Liu and Xiaoyu Li - were among seven students representing BU at this year’s Zhang is now a research scientist at Facebook. Grace Hopper Celebration. The students were sponsored by the Division of SE and CISE. Originally published in Advances in Engineering. Academics: Student Accomplishments (Cont.) P15 Section 4: Community PAGES 16-22
APPOINTED PROFESSORS SEAN ANDERSSON DAVID CASTAÑÓN FRANCESCO ORABONA ROBERTO TRON Professor of ME & SE Professor of ECE & SE Assistant Professor of ECE, SE & CS Assistant Professor of ME & SE Robotics, control theory, scanning probe microscopy, Stochastic control, estimation optimization, image Machine learning and optimization Intersection of automatic control, robotics and single molecule tracking understanding and parallel computation computer vision, with a particular emphasis on PhD, University of Genoa, 2007 PhD, University of Maryland, 2003 PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1976 applications of Riemannian geometry and on IEEE Fellow, 2019 distributed problems involving teams of multiple NSF CAREER Award, 2009 IEEE Control Systems Society Past President, 2008 agents PhD, Johns Hopkins University, 2012 JOHN BAILLIEUL PRAKASH ISHWAR IOANNIS PASCHALIDIS PIROOZ VAKILI Distinguished Professor of ME, ECE & SE Professor of ECE & SE Professor of ECE, BME & SE Research Associate Professor of ME & SE Statistical signal processing, machine learning, Director of CISE Robotics, control of mechanical systems, mathematical Monte Carlo simulation, optimization, system theory, information-based control theory information theory, secure multi-party computation, Systems and control, networking, applied probability, optimization, operations research, computational biology, computational biology, computational finance visual information processing and analysis PhD, Harvard University, 1975 medical informatics, bioinformatics. PhD, Harvard University, 1989 PhD, University of Illinois Urbana, Champaign, 2002 IEEE, IFAC & SIAM Fellow PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996 IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing Associate IEEE Fellow; IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems 40 th President of the IEEE Control Systems Society, Editor, 2012-2014 Founding Editor-in-Chief; NSF CAREER Award, 2000 2006 NSF CAREER Award, 2005 NAE Frontiers of Engineering, 2002 CALIN BELTA REBECCA KHURSHID JAMES PERKINS HUA WANG Professor of ME, ECE, Bioinformatics & SE Assistant Professor of ME & SE Associate Professor of ME & SE Associate Professor of ME & SE Verification/ control of dynamical systems, hybrid Robotics Real-time scheduling and control of manufacturing Associate Head of Division of Systems Engineering systems, symbolic control, robot motion planning/ PhD, University of Pennsylvania, 2015 systems, supply chain management, resource pricing Control of nonlinear phenomena, intelligent control, gene/ metabolic networks and congestion control in communications networks systems and control, complex networks, PhD, University of Pennsylvania, 2003 PhD, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1993 cooperative control, robotics, applications in IEEE Fellow, 2017 biological, energy and aerospace systems AFOSR Young Investigator Award, 2008 PhD, University of Maryland at College Park, 1993 NSF CAREER Award, 2005 MICHAEL CARAMANIS BRIAN KULIS VENKATESH SALIGRAMA Professor of ME & SE Associate Professor of ECE & SE Professor of ECE & SE Mathematical programming, control and Machine learning, statistics, large-scale data analysis Machine learning, computer vision, information theory, stochastic systems PhD, University of Texas at Austin, 2008 and statistical signal processing PhD, Harvard University, 1976 NSF CAREER Award, 2015 PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997 IEEE Fellow, 2019 NSF CAREER Award, 2005 Presidential Early Career Award, 2003 ONR Young Investigator Award, 2002 CHRISTOS CASSANDRAS ALEX OLSHEVSKY DAVID STAROBINSKI Distinguished Professor of ECE and SE Associate Professor of ECE & SE Professor of ECE & SE Head of Division of Systems Engineering Control and algorithms for multi-agent systems, sensor Wireless and vehicular networks; QOS and traffic Discrete event/ hybrid systems, stochastic optimization, networks, distributed optimization, control of large- engineering; network economics; cybersecurity simulation, manufacturing systems, communication/ scale systems PhD, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, 1999 sensor networks, multi-agent systems PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010 DOE Early Career Award, 2004 PhD, Harvard University, 1982 AFOSR Young Investigator Award, 2015 NSF CAREER Award, 2002 IEEE & IFAC Fellow NSF CAREER Award, 2014 IEEE Control Systems Society President, 2012 IBM/IEEE Smarter Planet Challenge prize, 2011 & 2014 Community: Appointed Faculty P17 Community: Appointed Faculty (Cont.) P18
AFFILIATED VISITING PROFESSORS COMMITTEE TAMER BASAR AZER BESTAVROS LEV LEVITIN EROL PEKÖZ Director, Center for Advanced Study; Swanlund Endowed Professor of CS Distinguished Professor of ECE Professor of Operations & Technology Management (OTM) Chair, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Associate Provost for Computing & Data Sciences Information theory, physics of communication Chairperson of OTM CAS Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center Networking, distributed systems, and trustworthy and computing, complex and organized systems, Applied probability and statistics, rare events, Stein’s for Advanced Study; Research Professor, Coordinated Science computing research quantum theory of measurement, reliable communication method queuing theory and statistical methods for Laboratory; Research Professor, Information Trust Institute, PhD, Harvard University, 1992 and computing, bioinformatics health care data University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign PhD, Gorky University, 1969 PhD, University of California Berkeley, 1995 DIMITRIS BERTSIMAS Boeing Professor of Operations Research and Co-Director, MARK CROVELLA WENCHAO LI AVRUM SPIRA Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor of CS Assistant Professor of ECE Alexander Graham Bell Professor of Healthcare Performance evaluation, focused on parallel and AI safety, human cyber physical systems, formal methods, Entrepreneurship, YU-CHI (LARRY) HO networked computer systems, detecting and design automation Chief of the Division of Computational Biomedicine, Professor Emeritus, Harvard University; understanding anomalies in IP networks, efficient PhD, University of California, Berkeley, 2013 Director of Translational Bioinformatics Program Chief Scientist and Chair Professor, Center for Intelligent and network monitoring, network security Lung cancer and COPD genomics, smoking and Networked Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China PhD, University of Rochester, 1994 airway gene expression, bioinformatics MD, McGill University, 1996 KIRK E. JORDAN IBM Distinguished Engineer, Data Centric Systems, IBM T.J. ARI TRACHTENBERG Watson Research; Chief Science Officer, IBM Research UK; MICHAEL GEVELBER THOMAS LITTLE Professor of ECE Member, IBM Academy of Technology Associate Professor of ME & MSE Professor of ECE Development of control and sensing systems for Associate Dean of COE Educational Initiatives Cyber security, algorithms, error-correcting codes P. R. KUMAR electrospinning of nanofibers, plasma spray, ebeam Associate Director NSF Smart Lighting ERC PhD, University of Illinois, 2000 University Distinguished Professor and College of Engineering deposition, crystal growth, CVD, and intelligent Computer networking, mobile computing, Chair in Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University building HVAC systems distributed systems, multimedia streaming PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988 and storage, visible light communications MARK T. MAYBURY PhD, Syracuse University, 1991 Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, The MITRE Corporation W. CLEM KARL ABRAHAM MATTA SANDOR VAJDA Professor of ECE & BME Professor of Computer Science Professor of BME & Chemistry STEFAN MIESBACH Chairperson of ECE Chairperson of Computer Science Director of BMERC Vice President and Director, Unify Inc., Service Practice Circuit Computational imaging, detection and estimation, Design of network protocols and architectures based on Scientific computing, primarily optimization, inverse problems, biomedical signal and image a range of computer science principles, mathematical computational chemistry and biology, including ROBERT R. TENNEY processing techniques, and performance evaluation tools protein and peptide structure determination, protein Former Vice President, BAE Systems Advanced Information PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991 PhD, University of Maryland at College Park, 1995 engineering, and drug design Technology PhD, Hungarian Academy of Science, 1983 PRAVIN VARAIYA ERIC KOLACZYK BOBAK NAZER Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Professor of Mathematics and Statistics Associate Professor of ECE University of California, Berkeley Director of Hariri Institute Information theory, communications, signal Statistical modeling of instrumental data in temporal, processing, and neuroscience spatial, and network-indexed contexts PhD, University of California, Berkeley, 2009 PhD, Stanford University, 1994 GRADUATE COMMITTEE POST-DOCS ADMINISTRATION Hua Wang, Chair PANAGIOTIS ANDRIANESIS PhD, University of Michigan, 2019 CHRISTOS G. CASSANDRAS RUTH MASON ELIZABETH FLAGG, GABRIELLA Sean Andersson, Calin Belta, Alex Olshevsky, Rebecca Khurshid, Power systems economics, optimization, distributed algorithms Division Head (P17) Division Director ED.M. McNEVIN-MELENDEZ, Elizabeth Flagg HUA WANG Graduate Programs MS YIDING JI PhD, University of Michigan, 2019 Manager Communications Associate Head (P18) Robotic path planning, autonomous vehicles, multi-agent systems Manager Community: Affiliated Faculty, Graduate Committee & Post-Docs P19 Community: Affiliated Faculty (Cont.), Administration & Visiting Committee P20
RESEARCH PARTNER CISE LECTURES CENTER FOR INFORMATION & SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (CISE) Fall 2019 Spring 2020 is an interdepartmental research center focused on deepening and broadening interdisciplinary research in the study and design of DR. ANANT SAHAI DR. MAURO SALAZA intelligent systems. With 49 faculty affiliates across 3 colleges and UC Berkeley College of Stanford University, 9 departments, CISE researchers advance information and data Engineering Postdoctoral Scholar science to solve complex problems in fields such as autonomous Harmless Interpolation in Learning Optimization for Smart Mobility systems, robotics, healthcare, information systems, communications, Systems: From Formula 1 Racing transportation, energy, and national security. Key research areas DR. LORENZO ROSASCO to Urban Mobility include automation, robotics and control; computational biology and Massachusetts Institute of medicine; cyber-physical systems; data analytics; energy systems; Technology DR. SIDHARTH JAGGI information sciences; networks and smart cities. Not So Fast: Learning with Chinese University of Hong Accelerated Optimization Kong CISE manages grants, offers seed funding, hosts a resident scholar A Shannon-Style Theory for program, organizes student events and supports conferences with DR. DYLAN LOSEY Adversarial Noise Problems: When government agencies, industries, and engineering societies. The Stanford University Can One Pack (Exponentially) center strengthens relationships between faculty and their corporate Personalizing Robots with Physics Many Copies of a Given Pattern? partners by running weekly seminars, lectures, workshops, and and Intelligence round table events. DR. STAVROS TRIPAKIS DR. SASHA RAKHLIN Northeastern University CISE 2019-2020 FUNDING Massachusetts Institute of Recent Work in the Science of Annual expenditures were $7.9 million. Technology Software and Systems Is Memorization Compatible with THE TEAM Learning? DR. BRIAN LEVINE Ioannis Paschalidis, Director (P18) UMass Amherst Christina Polyzos, Associate Director DR. CATHY WU The Role of Darknets in Internet Maureen Stanton, Center Administrator Massachusetts Institute of based Crimes Against Children Technology Integrating Autonomy into Urban MINI CISE SEMINAR/ Systems WORKSHOP IBM/Red Hat DR. MICHAEL CHERTKOV BU Cloud Computing Workshop University of Arizona, Tucson with IBM Research SE & CISE PARTNERSHIP Interpretable & Tractable Machine Learning for Natural and DR. YASAMAN KHAZAENI 31 professors associated with both SE and CISE. Engineering Sciences IBM Cambridge 21 events were organized by CISE for the joint communities Bayesian Nonparametric Fusion of this year. DR. KONSTANTINOS N. Heterogeneous Models PLATANIOTIS University of Toronto DR. NESS SHROFF Image Processing and Machine The Ohio State University Learning for Histopathology and Rescheduled for Fall 2020 Radiomics DR. MERT GÜRBÜZBALABAN DR. HENRY LAM Rutgers University Columbia University Rescheduled for Fall 2020 Efficient Uncertainty Quantification in Simulation DR. CLAYTON SCOTT Analysis University of Michigan, CISE Visiting Scholar DAVID LINDELL Rescheduled for Spring 2021 Stanford University, PhD Candidate DR. RAADHAKRISHNAN Computational Imaging with POOVENDRAN Single-Photon Detectors University of Washington Rescheduled for Fall 2020 DR. OLEG SOKOLSKY DR. MARCO PAVONE University of Pennsylvania Stanford University Checkpoint-Based Cyber-Physical Rescheduled for Fall 2020 Recovery Community: Partnering Research Center P21 Community: Partner Events P22
$5.5M ROBOTICS & AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS Ioannis Paschalidis (PI), John Baillieul and Roberto Tron are developing robots that learn on-the-fly to adapt to their surroundings. Recently published student results in PLOS Computational Biology (P8). New grant $2M HEALTHCARE Calin Belta and industry partners are coaxing STEM cells to form new arrangements and eventually generate personalized organs. A study in which the team revealed new ways to engineer cells was published in Cell Systems. $1M ENERGY Janusz Konrad (PI), Prakash Ishwar, Thomas Little and Michael Gevelber are developing next-generation people-counting sensors for HVAC systems. The team has published one patent and four papers (P3). $200K SMART CITIES & TRANSPORTATION Christos Cassandras is optimizing and securing cloud-supported automated vehicle coordination. Alum Yue Zhang co-authored a paper in Automatica with an optimal control framework solution. Zhang completed her PhD in 2019 and now works at Facebook as a research scientist (P15). $5M New grant INFORMATION SYSTEMS Azer Bestavoros and Orran Krieger (PI) are developing the Massachusetts Open Cloud (MOC) for free public use. MOC recently pivoted to offer Cloud service support to those fighting COVID-19 including hospitals (P3). PIVOTING FOR COVID-19 A team of researchers analyzed Mexico and Brazil’s national COVID-19 patient data, and found disproportionate patient health impacts throughout the countries. To help government officials predict the health-risk of their residents, Christos Cassandras, Ioannis Paschalidis and SE PhD candidate Salomón Wollenstein-Betech examined the role of preexisting health 2019-2020 Annual Report conditions and socioeconomics factors in predicting outcomes for COVID-19 BU.EDU/SE patients. The team established a method to identify patients at higher-risk of severe COVID-19 disease that may require hospitalization, ICU treatment and mechanical ventilation. The findings were published in the International Journal of Medical Informatics and in PLOS ONE. Boston University Division of Systems Engineering Brookline, MA 02446
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