SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT - Agora Verkehrswende
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N THE
BASED OSTUDY
HTS ON
AG O RA
1 2 I N S I G
“ ORMING
TRANSF ORT”
TRANSP
A UN
IQU
GRABETWEEHYBRID
AND PH EN A
IC N
IN
PREFOGRA OVEL
SEN PHIC
TAT
ION
A N I N F O G R A P H I C N O V E L A B O U T
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
B Y A G O R A V E R K E H R S W E N D E A N D E L L E R Y S T U D I O
FUTURE AHOY! An Infographic Novel About Sustainable Transport
DEAR READERS,
Since releasing “12 Insights into Sustainable of the problems that the transport sector
Transport” in 2017, Agora Verkehrswende poses for the climate while pointing to real
has published more than twenty studies solutions that can help fight global warming.
detailing the essential building blocks of In realizing this ambitious project, we enlisted
climate-friendly mobility. the help of Ellery Studio, a group of young
designers, researchers, illustrators, and
This publication marks a significant go-getters dedicated to making climate
departure from our previous work on sus- change understandable and illuminating
tainable transport. For one, it’s filled prudent paths forward. We spent many
with cartoons and colorful illustrations. gratifying hours with the Ellery team last
For another, it does not contain any year hatching ideas and storylines for
new findings. Why did we decide to take this novel form of science communication.
a different approach? It was new territory for everyone.
The term "Verkehrswende" ("transport "Future Ahoy!" is the result of our collabo
transformation") and the broad range of ration. We hope that it entertains, enlight-
topics it encompasses have gained enor- ens, and ultimately inspires. Its overriding
mous polarity over the past three years message is that sustainable transport is
in Germany. But there has been little a collective endeavor. If it is to succeed,
progress in plementing policies that will each and every one of us must embrace a
make sustainable transport a reality. common purpose.
in Germany or other parts of the world,
although it is becoming increasingly clear Christian Hochfeld and Marena Pützschler
that the transport sector is one of the Agora Verkehrswende
biggest challenges in climate protection.
So instead of another expert report, we
have sought to reach a wider audience
with an innovative genre: the “infographic
novel.” Part infographic, part graphic novel,
it draws on our previous insights but re
packages them in a fun and accessible for-
mat. Its purpose is to raise public awareness
N
WHAT IS A C NOVEL?
HI
INFOGRAP b le transport H AS B EEN A
Su staina .
R U S RE C EN T LY
Y? HERE I AM H U G E TO PI C F O
W H AT T H E H A WI TH MY
IS T H IS A N IN
F O G R A P H IC TO B E H ON EST , ER
Novel?! I' m Sk eptica l! FA MI LY . N EW EST M EM B
or A G raphic L DAD O F T H E FA M ILY
(I t 's A N AT U RA
IN ST IN C T F OR G RA M PS
S. )
G ER M A N B RE ED D A U G H T ER
IN F O - G raphic
G ra PH IC N o v el
IN F O G RA PH IC
N o v el
RudY
IM portant facts
AT F IR ST .
an d infographics S EX T RE M E LY D O UB T F UL M E.
appear in
I W A
EF ER T hings to stay T H E SA
I D EF IN IT ELY PR
b right pin k . 2. 3.
H O W IT C A N A LL 'S W ELL
T H E conte x t
. S u staina b l e 1. SU C C EeD T H AT EN Ds
ex pl ains the rest P. 2 0 W ELL
T ransport W H Y IT IS P. 6 4
N EC ESSA RY
P. 6
-
W E C A N ma k e trans
le .
port su staina b
IC
T H IS IN F O G RA PH
S HOW
N O V EL EX PL A IN
E.
A CUTE IT C A N B E D O N
N 'T
COUPLE, DO
Y O U T H IN K ?
4 5
CHAPTER 1
7
REASON #1 FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT:
TO PROTECT THE PLANET 2 05
0
It was hard to imagine thirty
years ago! But now we have
a healthy PLANET AND a
prosperous, emissions-free economy.
T H I S C O ULD
BE THE WOR
OF THE FUT LD
O N LY I F W E U R E , BU T
manage to
g lo b a l warming stop
!
8 9
In 2021, climate change 32 In 2015 the nations of the world signed the Paris Agreement, which
calls for global warming to BE kept below 2°C,, and, if
continues to gain steam. BILLION TONS OF CO₂
ARE RELEASED EACH possible, below 1.5°C.. The world needs to act now!
YEAR GLOBALLY
I've always dreamt of
being an astronaut! ...
BUT OUR PLANET SEEMS SO
FRAGILE FROM way up here.
WORLDWIDE CARBON EMISSIONS BY SECTOR iN 2016
7 %R
OTHE
Germany has adopted ambituous targets,
4% 42 %AT and is seeking to reduce emissions in
19 % 2
TR NSPORT
A
POWER & HE all areas of the economy.
IndustrY
TODAY 8%
BUILDINGS
THE EARTH HAS ALREADY WARMED BY 1 ° C.. IF THIS Which areas of
S
THE FOCU
343
TREND CONTINUES, WE ARE HEADED FOR BIG TROUBLE!" the economy are
responsible for
OF THIS emissions?
And how much
b oo k ! carbon can be
released in 2030?
2016 (Figures in
188 million tons of
2030 goal 166 CO² equivalents*)
< 183
130
< 143
72 < 98
coo l < 61
< 72
We have to take action now to
avoid causing catastrophic it ! Agriculture Buildings Transport Industry Energy economy
damage to the climate,To nature,
*DEFINITIONS CAN BE
and to ourselves. FOUND ON PAGE 76.
10 11
Germany's goal is to reduce emissions in transport bY 40-42%
relative to 1990. it wants to reach this target BY 2030. WOULD YOU LIKE NO THANKS,
A RIDE TO SCHOOL DAD
SWEeTHEART?
DaMN! I'm late for my meeting!
I'd Rather RIDE MY
I'll take the car today.
BIKE — IT's MUCH
Otherwise I won't arrive on time.
HEALTHIER!
ANY WAY, SCH OOL
A STRIKE! IS CLO SED FOR A
more climate CLIM ATE STR IKE!
hysteria! HMMM
Grandpa, did you know
that almost 20% of all
emissions in Germany come
from transport? I just
heard it on the news!
last night
i dreamt
again
i was An GOOD OLD
Astronaut... KIDS ON STRIKE! DAYS?
THAT NEVER
HAPPENED IN THE
OK BOOMER...
GOOD OLD DAYS!
in the
good old
days the
situation
wasn't as
serious.
12 13
Cars and trucks cause more emissions than all ...and the amount of C02
1990
TOTAL
other modes of transport combined... emitted since 1990 has risen emissionS*
rather than fallen!
Carbon emissions from all modes of transport in Germany for 2017 (in million tons of C02 equivalents)
163MT CO₂
EQUIVALENTS
5 minutes later...
TO TA L
Other 1 Mt
E M ISSIO N S =
1.4 M
Off to Work and TrucKS
stuck in traffic!
Rail 1 Mt Damn. so much for a
transport
Mt CO2 faster commute...
Costal and
inland ships 2 Mt 30.7 M
Cars
Domestic
air travel 2 Mt
82 HP
AvERAGE
Road Back in the 1990s HORSEPOWER
162 Mt
traffic
there was less traffic.
It was much easier to
According to established standards for calculating get around.
BUT THEse aren't
emissions, international air and maritime
the only SOURCES of traffic orignating from Germany does not count
2017
global warming. toward national emissions. TOTAL One thing is clear:
emissionS*
Making road
168Mt CO₂
transportation
climate neutral
EQUIVALENTS
by 2050 will
Huh,
WHAT 2.9 M require radical
TRUCKS change.
COULD BE
*TOTAL ROAD TRANSPORT EMISSIONS IN GERMANY
in HERE?
International
air transport
International
29 maritime
transport
7
45.8 M Bigger and
CARS
121 HP faster is not
better for
(2017 figures AVERAGE planet earth.
in Mt CO² HORSEPOWER
equivalents)
14 15
REASON #2 FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT:
TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE
Less than 25% of land
in Germany is unspoiled
by a road or railway within WhAT THE...?
CAN't get me now! a 5 km radius. Road and
rail infrastructure disturbs
ecosystems and eliminates
THE TRAFFIC IS SO LOUD IN I'll TRY AND PRET END IT's
areas for enjoying nature.
YOUR APARTMENT! HOW DO the soun d of the ocean .
YOU DEAL WITH IT? THAT 's much MORE ROMA NTIC .
Nearly 5 million Germans regularly lose sleep because of traffic noise.
The external costs of road traffic to the environment and
human health are estimated at 52 billion.
THE NEXT MORNING…
THESE COSTS ARE NOT
BORNE BY THE INDIVIDUALS
WHO CAUSE THEM BUT BY
SOCIETY AS A WHOLE.
Tailpipes release nitrous dioxide, a harmful compound that causes respiratory problems.
61% of dangerous emissions in German cities are caused by road traffic.
no
than ks
Traffic injuries in 2018: ...
399,293
(including 3,275 fatalities) MOPOLI
P
O S
N TIC
Y N
OLEDITIO
That
game is
so last
R
WE cent ury.
PO
Conventional vehicles are almost totally dependent on petroleum, which has to be imported from abroad.
16 17CHAPTER 2
sustainable mobility
sustainable transport Creating sustainable mobility encompasses a range of measures – including efforts
to reshape attitudes and beliefs – that will encourage people to use more public
Carbon-neutral transport by 2050 transport, rely less on privately owned vehicles, and make more trips by foot or
bike. It also involves shifting some freight from roads to rail and waterways.
YOU MEAN BUILD
WINDMILLS RATHER
THAN just TILT
in the transport sector
Sustainable mobility
AT THEM? sustainable energy Electric vehicles require
less energy than
their gasoline- and dieseL-
fuelled counterparts.
in the transport sector
Sustainable energy
To be sustainable, the transport sector must rely primarily on electricity for power
Through collective efforts that seek to improve and phase out combustion engine vehicles. Furthermore, the electricity for e-vehicle
efficiency, we can make transport sustainable. fleets has to come from renewable sources. Creating a sustainable transport
system requires moving at full speed towards a clean-energy-based power sector.
18 19sustainable transport
in the TRANSPORT sector
sustainable mobility
Sustainable energy
Sustainable transport rests on two pillars.
This section is about the first.
20 21THE TRANSITION TO AND NEW WAYS OF THINKING ARE A CRUCIAL FIRST STEP.
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY WILL
BEGIN IN CITIES.
According to a study by the German
Federal Environment Agency, over 90% of
PEOPLE believe that quality of life would
improve if regional and urban planning
sought to dimish dependency on cars.
Oh no, I'M
RUNNING
lATE!
In which city
would you
rather live?
22 23In the Many cities are
postwar era, reaching the
everyone breaking point...
loved the G R E AT BUT
idea of the
car-centric
T hat ' s IDEA! SHO ULDn 'T
cities. FUTURE! THE FOC US
BE ON
PEO PLE ?
HOW I MISS ...because cars foul the air and ruin the climate...
THOSE POST-
war BOOM THE VISION OF a CAR-centric CITY THE TOXIC EXHAUST AND THE
YEARS... AND HORRIBLE AW F UL
SMELL ARE JUST
INTOLERABLE!
R AC K E T !
The decisions of urban planners in the 1950s and 60s are why cars continue AND THE
to dominate cities today. ARROGANce! THESE
NOT TO
E C A R A S R O O M M AT CARS ACT AS IF
MENTION THE
TH E
Imagine urban TRANSPORT
the WORLD WERE
BUILT JUST FOR
THEM!
MINDLESS
HONKING!
is A shared flat. Would you live with someone
12% who takes up as much space as cars do in cities? ...they take up more space than
any other mode of transport...
OF journeys ARE
TRAVELLED WITH 50% 14%
PUBLIC TRANSPORT WITH A CAR with a bicycle 30 m²
Bus
AND BY FOOT 77 m²²
24% Car
18 m² 15 PeOPLE
Modal share* of Bicycle
journeys made in *TERMS ARE
Germany with over DEFINED ON
100,000 inhabitants PAGE 76 Street space required for the transportation of 15 people using various
means of transport (based on the shared apartment analogy).
24 25Price inflation: Public transport
...cars take up a lot of space even when they are not being used... ...the car pays significantly less versus parking meters
than other users of urban space... 80% Month pass
MY FAVORITE
24 hrs in the life of a pRIVATE CAR 2 am 3 am THING TO DO IS 60%
CHILL OUT. Single ride
Midnight 1 am
40%
I PAY 40 TIMES AS MUCH per square
meter for AN APARTMENT As 20%
A CAR PAYS FOR A PARKing spot.
Meter fee per hour
4 am 5 am 6 am 7 am 0%
2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018
WHY am I
BEING
TREATED SO
8 am 9 am 10 am 11 am UNFAIRLY?
Improving th
e quality of u
...and... life is easy. W rban
e simply hav
new prioritie e to set
Noon 1 pm 2 pm 3 pm s.
Ta k e
HIKE, BUDDa
Y.
4 pm 5 pm 6 pm 7 pm I HEARD
HE EVEN
KILLED AN
OLD LADY
CROSSING
THE STREET.
CHILLING CAN
8 pm 9 pm 10 pm 11 pm GET PRETTY
BORING, HOWEVER.
BU T I U S E
D TO
B E A VIP !
On average, private vehicles are used just 1 hour a day.
26 27LETTING THE WIND ALTERNATIVES LIKE THIS Just take
Alternatives
already exist ... OWNIN G YOUR WHIP AROUND YOUR MULTIMODAL MIX. public
OWN CAR - EARs -- NOW THAT's transport ,
FREEDOM!
NOW THAT's A add some bicycles
SENSE OF with a dash of
FREEDO M!
foot traffic ,
and then mix in
sharing and
pooling
services .
MY CAR SHARING APP SAYS THERE BUT I WANT TO DRIVE
DOE S ANY ONE
ARE 32 CARS AVAILABLE. MY OWN CAR. Sorry, IN
WA NT to TRY ?
M ULT IM O D A L
A HURRY!
MI X
No !
NKS
THA
NOPE!
ALWAYS MINE, WHAT THERE ARE SO
M ULT IM O D A L
MINE, MINE! ABOUT MANY ALTER-
SHARING NATIVES TO
INSTEAD? OWNING YOUR MI X
OWN CAR!
KIDS THESE
DAYS! Many people have
difficulty changing
their daily routines.
This is where policy
makers can help.
28 29Policymakers need to create incentives to make sustainable mobility a reality.
Multimo dal mix ?
"Push measures" Oh man , NO T CA R Hmm...
should be AG AI N. .. TASTY
enacted that
make car
"Pull measures" are designed
ownership less
to make other forms of
appealing.
transport more attractive.
REDUCE THE NUMBER
OF PARKING SPOTS EXPAND B
P AT H S A IK E
IC ND MAKE
HIGHER
IM P R O V E P UBL THEM SA
F ER
FEES TRANSPORT
STRICT
ENFORCEMENT
OF VIOLATIONS EN CO UR AGE
SH A RI N G A N D
PO OL IN G
SO LU T IO N S
create more
u ltra low RE A LLOC AT E RO A D
z ones SP ACE TO OT HER
emissions INTERLINK
PUBL IC US ES DIFFERENT C R E AT E
MODES OF P E D E ST R IA
TRANSPORT N
F R I E N DLY
TA X
T H AT H T R A N S P O R T A R E AS
ARMS T
HE CLIM PRO MOT E ECO MOB ILIT Y
REDUCE SPEED LIMITS AT E
WE can't
do everything THE FEDERAL
that is GOVERNMENT IF WE ONLY HAD
necessary AT needs to HELP. ACCESS TO THE
THE LOCAL LEVEL! RIGHT TOOLS!
30GOODS TRANSPORT
Despite the problems, we rely on deliveries more
than ever before, as the following figures show:
IN CITIES A lot of traffic
ANOTHER IMPORTANT BUILDING BLOCK DAD, out there today!
CAN I HAVE
OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY THIS?
Our roads are becoming ever more congested with people and goods.
The delivery of goods is essential for daily life, supplying us with food and other necessary items. FORGET That's because
However, delivery vehicles compete with cars, buses, and cyclists for scare road space. IT! no one combines
Cities will face numerous challenges in this sector in the coming decades. shipments.
Retailer Coffee shop Pharmacy
Number of daily deliveries (trips) and shipments (dispatched goods) per business (in Wuppertal, Germany)
On main thoroughfares 7.5 15.5 6.5
in Berlin, light and heavy Deliveries Shipments
25.5 12.5
ds
commercial vehicles are G oo
responsible for 31% 46.5
transport
of nitrogen oxide EMISSIONS
and 1/3 OF harmful Households are also ordering more online than ever before.
particulate emissions!
29
Waste I make 42 stops a
l ection Average number of packages 23
l co l day. That means I received per person each year.*
P arce ery have to find *Courier, express, and parcel serviceS
i v
del legal parking SPOTS
42 times. There are
hardly any delivery 15
*FORECAST
zones - and I only
u ction have 6 minutes
- C onstr of
C on per stop!
ROA all
in
tractors 2 D F UR
d e 0 1 7 ATA B A N I HOPE SOME OF THOSE
liv IN L
ery V O LV I T I E S
VE ED
HIC a
LE.
PACKAGES CONTAIN
SAUSAGES...
3
RETURNS
32 2008 2018 2023*Unregulated growth is more
Parcel shipping volumes
are on the rise. The use
harmful to the industry
than beneficial.
AUTOMATED SUSTAINABILE MOBILITY?
of heavy trucks is also CITIes should take
increasing. The carbon Self-driving cars could revolutionize transportation. I've seen a few
an active role in
emissions of the entire managing urban things in my Day...
branch are thus expected freight traffic.
to grow rapidly. THANK GOD
IT's a
C H E ER S ! I just ordered
But they can't convertible.
it by APP.
do it all by
themselves.
l
e d era
F ernment Automation+
v
CITIES Go IT drives all Digitalization
by itself!
THESE
SELF-DRIVING
We nee d TO ESTABL ISH CARS CAN
greater Incenti ves
M S ALREADY DRIVE
for cargo bik es an d
el ectric vehic les in
FIR BETTER THAN
ME!
UR BA N Freight
WE SH OULD CR EATE transport .
MO RE DE LIV ER Y ZO NE S Nico Rosberg, ForMULA 1 RACER
EU
WH ILE RE DU CIN G
PA RK ING SP OT S.
That's well and
We sho ul d DE VE LO P good for Nico
freight hu bs Rosberg ... But are
close to city cent ER s
self-driving cars
to al low bu nd le d also good for the
last -mi le de liv ery .
States environment?
34 CITIE 35
SWE're ALMOST
Self-driving cars could create F IN A LLY
AT THE TRAIN I CAN
heaven on earth ... STATION!. D R IV E TO
O!
ven
...if they are integrated into public transport,
particularly for the first and last mile...
Hea
...and if they are shared for the transportation
of numerous passengers...
...then we could reduce the size of the vehicle fleet by 97%
without limiting personal mobility. This would free up the
massive amounts of space currently used to park vehicles
while also slashing energy consumption and emissions.
BU T W H A
T
ABOUT P
EO
WHO DON PLE
' T L IV E
IN C IT IE S
?
WOULD YOU
...or they could unleash infernal forces...
PREFER TO GO
TO HEAVEN OR
...if everyone wants to own their own car...
HELL? SOUNDS GREAT! I
WANT ONE TOO!
HeLL
WITHOUT ME.
...if long-distance trips become more frequent because
DRIVE AROUND people can read or sleep while travelling...
WHY SHOULD I JUST LET THE CAR
m INE! mIN E! m INE! SHARE WITH PROBLEM! I'll
ANYONE ELSE? spot? No ...and if we let self-driving vehicles drive on their own,
No PARKing in order to avoid paying for expensive parking spots...
…then there will be more vehicles on the road and less public space for non-vehicle related
uses. Furthermore, distances travelled, energy consumption, and emissions will continue to rise.
36 37IN RURAL AREAS
People living in rural areas are much more
dependent on cars than city dwellers... ...because
public trans-
port is often
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY LOOKS DIFFERENT FIXED FIXED inconvenient
ROUTES TIMES or unavailable.
34.2 M in
German suburbs and towns
population
Nearly one 29.3 M
(2015): in rural areas ...frequent trips mean very
quarter of 18.7 M
few passengers per vehicle
Germans in cities
live in rural WHAT?
areas. LOW THE NEXT BUS ...but infrequent trips
OCCUPANCY DOESn't COME FOR mean low availability
Oh NO ... AN HOUR!
I'm GOING
TO BE LATE
THE TRAIN AGAIN.
IS PACKED
AGAIN...
DAILY COMMUTERS
IN STUTTGART
250,000 As a result, the share of trips taken with a car is
twenty percentage points higher in rural areas.
Bike Public transport
Car
Oh GREAT, NOW WE're stuck in a 7% 5%
70% traffic jam. Maybe we should
THAT's ... AND THEN
have taken the train?
horrible! WALK 10 MIn
FROM THE BUS
Just to get to the train station, STOP...
you HAVE TO TAKE A bus to
BUT COMMUTING the next village. Walking
INTO THE CITY EVERY
DAY IS A DRAG!
17% THE BEST
OPTION IS TO
GO BY CAR.
THE
COUNTRYSIDE IS
SO IDYLLIC!
THAT's the cost of dating a country bumpkin!
Modal share in villages and small towns in Germany (2017) 39Encouraging a shift to different modes of transport is b i k ing that
possible in rural areas as well as in the city. d istance
BUT how should people in rural areas get
from point A to point B in the future?
is easy ,
an d it ' s
hea lthier
Private cars will remain important for the foreseeable future. 29% of commuters travel
less than 5 km
to work. b oot .
, to
What matters is that they are electric.
YOUR NEW SOLAR CHECK IT OUT! I
HOW AWE SOME ! MY OWN CHA RGIN G STAT ION, PANELS ARE GREAT! THINK THE PEDELEC IS
USIN G ELEC TRIC ITY I GENERATE D AT HOME ! FULLY CHARGED.
No one in the city CAN
say that!
I CAN't WAIT THA NKS TO THE SUN ,
20% of commuters travel
5-10 km to work.
TO TAKE and my INIT IATI VE!
THIS GUY OUT
FOR A SPIN
TOMORROW!
N T S TO
BU T W H O WA ?
O R K S W E AT Y E V EN D IST
A R R IV E AT W ANC
O F U P TO 1 E S
ARE NO PR
5 kM W hat is nee de d
With ambitious investment and new mobility services, N O T W IT O BL E M !
public transport in rural areas can be made more convenient. HA to ma ke cyc ling
P e d e l ec
! more appea ling :
SELF -DR IVIN G SMA LL & - GOO D BIK E PAT HS
POLI TICI ANS BOO KABL E FLEX IBLE
CAR S - 'Expressways ' for
BY APP
cyc lists
- PARKING INFRASTRUCTURE
E - motor
win d
L E T IT R A IN
BABY!
NO FIXE D
ROUT ES PASSENGERS CAN
BE PICKED UP
on-the-fly and
Eff ICIEN T en route
OCC UPA NCY
40 41FROM ROAD TO RAIL
Rail transport is climate friendly...
RAIL IS ALSO MUCH
MORE EFFICIENT FOR
FREIGHT TRAnsport.
trains emit much less
I DID TOO! SOME THINGS carbon than cars.
I LOVED MODEL TRAINS NEVER GET OLD!
WHEN I WAS LITTLE.
PASSENGER 103
Truck
TRANSPORT
139 19
Car 36 Rail
Rail
FREIGHT TRANSPORT
Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions between road and rail (in gram C02 equivalents per passenger or ton kilometer, 2017)
RAIL REQUIR ES ...IN PART because of lower
SIGNIF ICANT LY LESS wheel friction and improved
ENERG Y... aerodynamics in relation to cars
...WHY DON'T we
and trucks.
TRAVEL MORE OFTEN 1.9 PASSENGER
EVERYONE USED TO Car FREIGHT
BY TRAIN?
TRAIN ?
TAKE the TRAIN. BUT TRANSPORT 1.4 TRANSPORT
*see definitions on page 76
THEN THE World Truck
WENT CAR CRAZY.
0.5
Rail 0.3
Rail
Comparison of energy consumption between road and rail (in megajoules* per passenger or ton kilometer*, 2017)
IT WOULD BE TODAY, most trains RUN ON
MUCH BETTER FOR ELECTRICITY instead of diesel. As
THE CLIMATE! RENEWABLES generation RISES, RAIL
BECOMES INCREASINGLY CLIMATE FRIENDLY.
87%
of rail traffic is electric 13%
is diesel
Energy sources in rail transport (2017)
42 43Life should
Since rail travel is very climate friendly, the government aims to be as full as Trains , not
double the number of train passengers in Germany by 2030. possib le! so much.
TODAY 2030
An appeal to government
REFORM THE RAILWAY TOLL SYSTEM
Rail tolls are ultimately paid by passengers
in the form of higher ticket prices. Rail travel You make me
would be more competitive if public subsidies expensive!
were available for rail network operators.
How do I get to where I need to go
BUT HOW? when and how much does it cost?
The app tells me everything .
An innovative timetable Optimize the RAIL NETWORK
system and better Policymakers must
coordination between enshrine rail network
regional trains can New mobile optimization into law with
dramatically improve solutions make guaranteed funding..
the efficiency of the it easy to find OPTIMIZE
rail network. connections and RAIL BY
Travellers will departure times 2030
be able to when planning
S E R VI C L L E D
T H E U O G E TER
get anywhere
multi-leg
they want with
iS CA
Journeys with
ES T
SE O T F M
greater ease.
This will require different modes CREATE A LEVEL
Fm R
the expansion t of transport.
PLAYING FIELD
ul
OM iple M
'IN
of the rail O
network and the OD POINT BILIT Y If each form of transport
AL A was required to bear
construction T R A TO P O I N T B
of new stations. NSPORT its own environmental
'. and climate costs, rail
would be much more
price competitive than
becau se Rail is the greenest way to other options.
move freight , companies should transport THe RAILMap 2030
most Goods by train, with truck s used
FROM Agora Verkehrswende
only when necessary at the very
SHOWS HOW THIS CAN BE DONE.
beginning and end of a journey .
44sustainable transport
in the TRANSPORT sector
sustainable mobility
Sustainable energy
Sustainable transport rests on two pillars.
This section is about the second.
46 47WE NEED ALTERNATIVES TO BI0FUELS
ou r
Why don 't we simp ly keep
ol d cars an d power them
ARE NOT
be
GASOLINE AND DIESEL
with biof ue ls , which can
su staina bl y pro du ce d?
Even if we change the way we travel and use more bicycles and trains, we won't be able to do
THE GR EAT ID EA !
away with cars and trucks entirely. To ensure that the transport sector is environmentally sustainable,
we need to power it with renewable energy and create more efficient vehicles. ANSWER
if we continue to power our
cars with GASOLINE and
diesel,we won't be able to stop
global warming! BioFUELS
SOUND
THERE SIMPLY
PROMISING.
ISN't enough land
!! BUT IN
HELP! REALITY THEY
AVailable to
grow food for
CREATE NEW
the world's
PROBLEMS.
population...
...to
...AND TO cultivate
protect
crops for conversion
flora and
fauna in into biofuels.
Transport energy by source natural
in Germany, 2017 habitats... sLU R P
94.5% fossil fuels
5.5% electricity and renewables
H H !! !
AA A I HEARD you can even producE
biofuels from garbage, like IN
Yes, that
would be
back to the future 2!
great. .. But
THat would
there simply
be awesome!
isn't enough
biowaste .
48 49SYNFUELS DIRECT POWER The literary masterpiece "Don Nimbyxote"
tells the story of a knight-errant and his squire
INEFFICIENT AND TOO EXPENSIVE CONSUMPTION Sancho SUV-Panza and their desperate
fight against the ferocious giants known as
wind turbines.
IS THE MOST EFFICIENT
I read about
I heard you can produce THAT THE other come on!
gasol ine and diesel using day. THE PROBLEM
What a bunch WITCHES AND or are
renewa ble electricity . IS THAT it's
of hocus-pocus! KNIGHTS - MY you
still way too chicken?
KIND OF STORY!
expensive.
Nimby= Not in my Backyard
How much energy do various types of vehicles require to travel a distance of 100 km?
We're electric
vehicles
How to produce vehicle fuels from renewable
electricity, water, and carbon dioxide: Conventional vehicle Conventional vehicle
Battery-electric vehicle Fuel-cell vehicle
(with power-to-gas) (with power-to-liquid)
15 kWh 31 kWh 93 kWh 103 kWh
AY CARAMBA!
Synthetic FUELS
REQUIRE A LOT OF
WIND POWER!
Renewa ble Renewa ble INDEED! DIRECT
energy energy CONSUMPTION OF
ehic l es
IT M AY LO O
ELECTRICITY IS FAR
E l ectric v
K MORE EFFICIENT!
C O M P L IC AT E
D,
b u t IT ' s T He k ey to cl ean -energy
ALREADY T ransport an d the
.
D O A BL E ! b est strategy for cars
P ower - P ower -
50
TO - gas to - Liq u i 51
dWHERE Global raw material deposits (2018)
BUT
are there
BATTERIES GET
versus demand in 2030
Resources: Total deposits, including those that
cannot be extracted economically. Cobalt WORLDWIDE COBALT
400,000 t
annual
demand in
RESOURCES ARE ALSO 2030
enough raw
materials for
THEIR JUICE Reserves: Deposits that can be extracted
economically using current technology. ENORMOUS RELATIVE TO
ANNUAL DEMAND.
everyone to 7,000,000 t
drive electric BUT HALF OF ALL Reserves
vehicles ? COBALT MINING
WORLDWIDE LITHIUM 240,000 t
Lithium RESERVES ARE annual
demand
TAKES PLACE IN
CRISIS-ridden
ENORMOUS, enough COUNTRIES SUCH AS
in 2030
TO meet growing THE CONGO.
LITHIUM IS DEMAND
AVAILABLE IN 25,000,000 t
SUFFICIENT QUANTITY Resources in the ground
FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES.
GO LOOK FOR COBALT
SHOrt-term supply 14,000,000 t SOMEW HERE ELSE!
Reserves
bottlenecks could
occur, however.
62,000,000 t
Resources 120,000,000 t
LITHIUM MINING IS Resources under the sea floor
OFTEN ASSOCIATED
WITH POOR LABOR
CONDITIONS AND That's why its
ENVIRONMENTAL EXTRACTION has a this looks FAMILIAR...
TO PROTECT PEOPLE AND THE ENVIRONMENt WE SHOULD TRY
DAMAGE. BAD REPUTATION. WHERE MINING TAKES PLACE, WE NEED: TO RECYCLE AS MUCH
AS POSSIBLE, despite
•M andatory due diligence for cobalt (via cobalt's
inclusion in the EU regulation for conflict minerals) the LARGE quantitites
oil
• Partnerships that support sustainable mining available. (In the
• Collection and recycling targets for cobalt and lithium FUTURE, I WILL WORK
in the EU's battery directive WITH LESS COBALT.)BUT WITH AGE, however, E-carS
haVE an ADVANTAGE.
aren't electric cars much
worse for the environment
than conventional cars I've travelled 150,000 km
during manufacturing? SINCE I WAS BORN!
In Germany, electric
cars are already more
climate friendly than their
conventional counterparts. FACTORY
It's a It' s an
PETROLEUM E-B AB Y!
BABY! After
, 0 0 0 khm
15 0 ric vehicle as
ect tive
INCLUDING the el c umula ver.
low e r
EMISSIONS FROM we
i s s i o ns, ho
PRODUCTION! em
The carbon footprint of
an electric vehicle is Dies
CO₂ higher "at birth". el
Footprint
CO₂
FOOTPRINT
13.2 t
7.5 t more emis
sio
than an e-c ns
ar
I was
batter Y PRODUC TION FOR Gasoline dropped years
AGO.
ELECTR IC VEHICL ES consu mes a lot
of electricity , howev er. THIS IS
PARTIC ULARLY TROUBL ESOME when
THE ELECTR ICITY IS GENERATED USING
FOSSIL FUELS.
more emissions
than an e-car
54 Calculations are for a standard compact class car. 55JU ST A BI T
The greater the share of renewables in the power s ystem, P O W ER mi x Policymakers FU RT HER!
the more climate friendly electric vehicles become. in 2 0 1 8 & must create
incentives that
2030 GOAL accelerate
I've been fee ling the switch to
great on this NEW electric cars.
CLIM ATE -FR IENDLY DIET ! 35%
M ost E l ectric
38% more
62% 65% cars to d ay are
e x pensi v e than
dels.
mMm, com b u stion mo
2018 2030
Tasty !
Renewables Others (coal, natural gas) We need TO MAKE it more expensive to
S
purchase high-polluting vehicles... YIPEY!
To meet the growing deman d for clean L AW M A K ER
Electric Ity IN THE TRANS PORT SECTOR WITHO UT M U ST AC T ! MONEY IS NO
The adventures OBJECT WHEN
of Don Nimbyxote creating shortfa lls ELSEW HERE, WE NEED TO
IT COMES TO
continue... RAPIDLY EXPAN D wind and solar ENERGY .
HOW I ROLL!
DID YOU HEAR? !
At the same time, the GOVERN MENT
must SUBSID IZE PURCHASEs oF low-emission ,
high-efficiency vehicl es.
POLICY MAKER S
Technological advances in clean energy and IMMEDIATE MEASURES SHOULD BE TAKEN TO MUST CREATE
battery production will continue to reduce the EXPAND THE NETWORK OF CHARGING STATIONS A regulatory
carbon footprint of electric vehicles. AND ENSURE NATIONWIDE COVERAGE. framewor k
THAT ENCOUR AGES
F IC IEN C Y MY HORSE NEEDS
BU T T H E S E E F S
THESE CHANG ES!
E LO ST IF C A R A DRINK!
G A IN S W ILL B
G E T L A R G ER
C O N T IN U E TO .
A N D H E AVIER
I
W H ER E C A N
?
WAT er my horse
56 57Widespread deployment of electric vehicles in
BUT Germany will require the expansion of the
power grid. To keep investment costs down, we
We need flexible charging
that accommodates WHAT DOES THAT
how do we get need flexible charging for electric vehicles in
current grid capacity EVEN MEAN?
electricity into cars? combination with sustainable mobility.
and generation levels.
Inflexible charging without sustainable mobility: €€€
It's SIMPLE: charge me WHENever there is an
abundance of renewable ENERGY, but don't
charge me so much as to overload the power
grid. does THAT MAKE SENSE?
Charging based on
Charging based on Charging based on
grid capacity and
GRID capacity generation levels
All CARS ARE CHARGED SIMULTANEOUSLY AT THE MAXIMUM RATE
GENERATION levels
6 PM ON A WEEKDAY
Flexible charging with sustainable mobility: OK, I WILL €
LET THE
OTHER CARS I CHARGE
CHARGE UP When OUTPUT of
WHEN POWER HELP,
FIRST. I charge AS renewables IS HIGH,
IS CHEAP, I'm OVER-
LONG AS I am not the price of POWER falls,
REGARD- LOADING!
overloading the and i can Charge ahead
LESS OF tHE
GRID. This HELPs of time. But Those in a
OK, I WILL PROBLEMS IT
I NEED YOU STABILIZE GRID hurry receive priority
Charge AT CREATES.
AGAIN TOMOR- POWER FLOWS. in order to PREVENT THE
I NEED YOU AGAIN THE MAXIMUM GRID FROM OVERLOADING.
RATE! ROW MORNING I'll CHARGE
SOON! AT 9 PM
AT 7 am TO TO 100%
I NEED TO DRIVE
DRIVE 22 KM. ANYWAY!!!
100 KM. i CHARGE
100% I CHARGE
I'VE BEEN BOOKED FOR A TRIP ONLY 20% NO, I WILL!!!
STARTING IN A FEW MNUTES.
I NEED A FAST CHARGE.
THIS keeps GRID Electricity storage is ONE AT A TIME please.
6 pm on a WEEKDAY EXPANSION to OTHERWISE THE GRID WILL
difficult. THE less POWER that
58 a minimum! needs STORing, THE better. OVERLOAD! 59HEAVY TRUCKS LARGE SHIPS AND AIRCRAFT
EXPERTS ARE STILL DEBATING THESE VEHICLES PROBABLY CAN'T BE ELECTRIFIED
HOW BEST TO POWER THEM
AND
DAD's NEW
SynthetiC FUELS TROLLEYTRUCK GIRLFRIEND IS
COMING WITH
US.
POwer-to-gas ELECTRICITY
Power-to-liquid FROM RENEWABLES
YES! SUMMER
VACATION IS THAT's FINE WITH
COMING SOON. ME. I LIKE HER.
WHAT ABOUT FLYING DOES MAKE IT HARD TO TAKE
FUEL CELLS BatterY THE CANARY THE DOG... WHAT ABOUT A CRUISE
ISLANDS? THE I'D PREFER
NOT TO FLY. SHIP INSTEAD? DOESN't THAT
FLIGHTS ARE SOUND GREAT?
ELECTRICITY CHEAP.
H₂ FROM RENEWABLES
UNFORTUNATELY
CRUISE SHIPS ARE
ALSO TERRIBLE FOR
THE ENVIRONMENT.
A truck toll G ER M A N car b
on
THAT FLUCTUATES Carbon taxes ta x es on f u e
on fuels are not l MAYBE in the future
BASED ON CARBON At some point in the future, we will probably need
enough . AIRPLANES AND cruise ships
EMISSIONS That's still carbon-free synfuels for airplanes and ships.
will run on electricity.
Would create a long
incentives to way off.
reduce emissions
in road freight
and use
WE're just
MORE eFFICIENT
too fat.
vehicles.
IF DIESEL IN GERMANY
BECOMES MORE
EXPENSIVE, THEN I'll THIS NEW GIRLFRIEND
TANK UP ELSEWHERE. CERTAINLY SPEAKS I'm a lightweight
60 HER MIND... by COMPARISON. 61German air freight
The adventure meme is (Annual freight
not without drawbacks. !!
+100%
volume in
billions of tons)
!!
+86%
ion ,
WHY DON't we vacation more often in
nat ers
4.8 !!
s
+32%
esi seng
GERMANY? YOU always SAID YOU wanted
2.4
to go hiking in bavaria...
s
est of pa
2000 2017
M
ic d
dom ber
.9
17
M
ns
m
at ,
tin ers
io
.7
Nu
00
es ng
23
WEll...
20
German
l d se
17
na s
per capita
io pa
20
at of
CO² emissions
rn r
te be
are 11 tons annually,
M
in um
.5
and must fall to 1 ton
N
52
OR WE COULD to fulfill emission targets.
00
20
GO CAMPING! M
DO I LOOK LIKE .8
AHA! MOST FLIGHTS FROM 97 One ton? Just one
What is the CO² footprint of my trip? AN OUTDOOR 17
(CO² equivalent kilograms) DOG? I AM A GERMANY REMAIN IN 20 round-Trip Flight to Turkey
So much for
refined CITY DOG! would exhaust my emissions
Train Car Plane EUROPE. WE CAN TAKE THE flight-shaming.
budget.
TRAIN INSTEAD! people are
22 83 103 flying more than 11t 1t
73.9 %
ever! CO² CO²
PLUS I DON'T GET
600 km THROWN INTO THE
Maximum annual
CARGO HOLD IN A per capita emissions
EuropE compatible with
Berlin MUNICH SMALL CAGE! Per capita carbon reduction targets
Destinations of emissions today
flights originating in
36 139 196 Germany (2017)
Carbon-neutral planes remain a distant dream. For
now, the only solution is to fly less.
NFUELS
G R E EN S Y
P aris
1,000 km
10. ARE NOT
E IN
9 % AV A IL A BL
T
USA S U F F IC IEN
%
10.A8siA
IE S .
375 360
Q U A N T IT I am too
97
heav y to
r u n on
2,700 km
4.1 % b atteries .
AfriCa
0.4 %
62 Istanbul A U ST R A L IA 63
&
O C E A N IACHAPTER 3
Looking to the future
65CARBON PRICING IS ESSENTIAL A horror scenario
woman with :A
low - income
FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT w H O L IV E S IN
poor l y ins u a
l ate d ho u se
in a remote
Oh No! i think R E Q U IR IN G long
location ,
i see MYSELF! COMMUTES.
Carbon
Pricing?!
To d ay ' s prices
d on ' t
ref l ect T
H
EN VIR O N M EN E T R U E
CO₂ TA L IM P AC T
!
PRICing
to ensure that carbon pricing is fair, the
Polluters should pay for the damage they cause to the environment. By taxing activities revenues it generates should flow back to
that emit carbon, we can discourage pollution while encouraging cleaner alternatives. In this citizens through (1) uniform per capita
way, carbon pricing can help create climate-friendly transport powered by clean energy. redistribution, (2) a reduction in the electricity
tax, and (3) a hardship fund.
MIX M u lti M o d a l
WHO WOULD
LIKE TO TRY? I
HAVE LOTS OF
i DO! mi x
NEW FLAVORS! TASTY! That's called energy poverty.
66 67CHANGE IS INEVITABLE However, only 30,000 jobs will be lost because
of e-vehicles. The other 57,000 jobs will disappear
If car and bike sharing enjoys
success as a business model in
BUT OFFERS TREMENDOUS
regardless of the types of vehicles we produce, Germany, some 200,000 new jobs
due to productivity improvements and further could be created. However, this
automation. It is also important to consider that would likely reallocate demand for
OPPORTUNITY the industry currently employs 840,000 people. jobs and skills across regions.
The auto industry is facing the greatest upheaval in its history. Manufacturers who
resist change will end up losing out. The future belongs to companies that embrace Lan d
the development of environmentally friendly vehicles and services.
AHOY!
now?
what do we do
NO, I'm
STEALING YOUR
Land AHOY!
ld i JOBS! MUHAHA!
sho u t
why a b o u
care t u re ?
u
the f
German companies sell more cars abroad than they do at home. Demand for electric
RE E
T his d ecision T Electric drivetrains are less complex than their conventional counterparts, vehicles in foreign markets, especially in China, is growing rapidly. If Germany cannot cater
to this demand, massive job losses in the German car industry are likely to result.
has far - reaching and hence require less manpower to build. If 40% of new cars are
conseq u ences ! electric in 2030 and 20% are hybrid, the German automotive sector will
rse lf . have 84,000 fewer employees. GR EAT, wE 'll
T est it F OR yo u HERE A RE TA KE 2. 4 M
15 .8 M CA Rs !
JOB DESTROYER! Foreign CA Rs !
production
START 10.1 M TH AN KS ,
we 'll ta ke
Domestic
13 .4 M
Should we YES production
5.7 M CA RS ...
manufacture
Share of global automobile
electric NO production by German companies
vehicles BU T PL EASE SEND
for climate In the "business as usual" scenario (continued manufacturing of conven US EL EC TR IC VE HI CL
protection? tional vehicles), some 57,000 jobs will disappear by 2030 due to greater
ES
2016 automobile production and sales figures of Germany car makers IN TH E FU TU RE !
mechanization and productivity increases.
68 69IN PArticular, we
HOW MUCH WILL sustaina ble
transport COST? 25 0 BI LL ION BUT HOW
are we TO
NO. WE should eliminate tax
SIMPLY NEED TO breaks that ENCOURAGE
Betwee now and EU RO S? ! PAY FOR
ALL THAT!
STOP WASTING HARMFUL EMISSIONS.
2030, INVESTMENT MONEY in other
Money areas!
costs could total doesn't
250 billion euros. grow on
trees!
investment in sus-
tainable transport will
also allow us to reduce
energy expenditures.
WE CAN AFFORD
The German government awards environmentally harmful tax
breaks in the transport sector amounting to 28.6 billion euros
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
annually. In purely mathematical terms, the abolition of these
tax breaks would be more than sufficient to fund the
investment necessary to transform the sector.
IS
HOW MANY BONES T H AT wo u l d b e Value of environmentally harmful tax breaks,
E T FUEL .
IT's not J
1 7 B ILL IO N a Y E
(2017), in euro billions FREE
CAN YOU BUY FOR
much when TA X
250 BILLION? AR
you consider for s u staina b Miscellaneous
what we spend le
on other transport ! 1.2
billion BIG AND uel
Jet f llion
things.
E X P EN S I
CARS G VE bi
ET TH
H I G H E ST E 11.8
I read today that germany SPENDs TA X B R
EAK.
43 BILLION A YEAR ON defense alone.
Tax breaks for
company cars Diese l IS TA XE D
AT A LO W ER RAT
YES, buT
3.1 Diesel privilege E
T H A N G ASO LI N E.
AND THe money we spend on the billion
transFORMation will help protect us IT WON'T 7.4 billion
from the disastrous effects of protect
RUNAWAY CLIMATE CHANGE. you FROM a Commuter
proud dad! deductibles
AND CHAN GE
C L IM AT E T he cost
FIRE! d ri ving of
to W or
Ta x De k
d u cti b is
le. 5.1 billion
70 71SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IS GOOD
NOT JUST FOR CLIMATE PROTECTION
WHO SAYS
YOU CAN't I THINK THEY're
TEACH CATCHING ON!
HUMANS a
few NEW
TRICKS! NOW THEY JUST NEED TO
LEARN HOW TO DRIVE. .. EVEN without CLIMATE ... a sustaina ble transport sector
CHANGE ... would make many things better
AIR QUALITY will D
improve... .. .S O wi ll RO A
SA F ET Y !
BOTH IN CITIES...
there'll be MORE SPACE for bike ...AND IN THE
paths and other nice things. COUNTRY.
Then it'll be
ta d a ! goodbye, big oil!
Once we are no
longer DEPENDENT
ON OIL, GERMANY
can achieve energy
self-sufficiency.
72 73my dream has
finally come
true!
74 75BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY WHY WE NEED SUSTAINABLE Reason #2 for Sustainable 24 Bundesministerium für Verkehr
TRANSPORT Transport: to Improve und digitale Infrastruktur (2019):
Quality of Life Mobilität in Deutschland.
Agora MJ/t km Power-to-liquid Reason #1 for Sustainable Ergebnisbericht, p. 47
Greek for "gathering place" or Refers to the amount of energy Refers to a process for producing Transport: to Protect the 16 Umweltbundesamt (2019):
"marketplace"; the central public required to transport one ton of liquid fuel from electricity. Planet Umweltbelastung durch Verkehr 25 Umweltbundesamt (2019):
space in ancient Greek city-states goods one kilometer in megajoules. Hydrogen is first split from www.umweltbundesamt.de Stickstoffdioxid. Gesundheitliche
where ideas were exchanged and water via electrolysis, and then 10 International Energy Agency (2018): Bedeutung von Grenzwerten
debated. Modal share (AKA modal split) converted into synthetic fuel CO2 emissions from fuel combustion 16 Umweltbundesamt (2019): Stickstoff- www.umweltbundesamt.de
The percentage of travelers using a via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. belastung geht 2018 insgesamt leicht
CO2 equivalents particular type of transportation. 10 NASA (2019): Global Climate Change: zurück, Pressemitteilung 04/2019 25 uthors' calculations: Area required
A
A unit of measurement for GHG 2018 fourth warmest year in www.umweltbundesamt.de for bus based on EvoBus Citaro O530
standardizing the climate impact of Multimodal mix Greenhouse gases are all gases that continued warming trend, 6.2.2019 with 70 seats; that of a car based
different greenhouse gases. It refers When different means of transport raise the temperature of the earth’s www.climate.nasa.gov 16 Statistisches Bundesamt (2019): on VW Golf. A bicycle is assumed
to the magnitude of the greenhouse (car, bus, bicycle) are combined in a atmosphere. They include carbon Unfälle und Verunglückte im to require 1.80 m x 0.65 m. Further
gas effect as expressed in CO2. single journey. dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), 11 Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft Straßenverkehr, 2018 assumptions: Average bus occupancy
and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). und Energie (2019): Abkommen von www.destatis.de rate: 21%, car: 1.4 persons, as per
Electric vehicles NIMBY Paris, Artikel: Klimaschutz Umweltbundesamt (2018): Vergleich
This includes both battery-electric NIMBY (short for “not in my back Verkehrswende www.bmwi.de 17 Umweltbundesamt (2019): Indikator: der durchschnittlichen Emissionen im
and fuel-cell vehicles. yard”) describes the opposition of A German neologism inspired by the Landschaftszerschneidung Personenverkehr – Bezugsjahr 2017
residents to a planned development term "Energiewende" (literally, 11 | 12 Bundesministerium für Umwelt, www.umweltbundesamt.de www.umweltbundesamt.de
Electric mobility – such as an airport, a low-incoming "energy transition"), it is a compound Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit
Discussion of electric vehicles in housing project, or, as in our case, of the German terms "Verkehr" (2018): Klimaschutz in Zahlen 17 Umweltbundesamt (2016): 26 Agora Verkehrswende (2019):
German and French usually falls a wind turbine – that they would (transport, traffic) and "Wende" Schwerpunkte 2016, Jahrespublikation Parkraummanagement lohnt sich!
under what is known as “electric otherwise support were it not being (transition, turnaround). It refers to 14 European Environment Agency (2019): des Umweltbundesamtes, S. 36 Leitfaden für Kommunikation und
mobility” (German: Elektromobilität; built so close to their homes. the transformation of the transport EEA greenhouse gas – data viewer Verwaltungspraxis, S. 12
French: mobilité électrique). The sector toward greater sustainability www.eea.europa.eu 17 Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen
term has been slow to catch on in Passenger transport (pronunciation: Fair-cares-venn-duh). e.V. (2018): Auswertungstabellen zur 27 Authors' calculations: Cost per day
English-speaking countries, most While the term “passenger” is 15 BMU (2018): Klimaschutz in Zahlen Energiebilanz Deutschland 1990 bis 2017 for a street parking permit (approx.
likely because “mobility” is already normally used in English to refer to 10 m²): approx. 0.08 €. Rent without
frequently used to refer to “mobile an individual transported in a vehicle 15 Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (2019): 18 | 19 Agora Verkehrswende (2017): utilities for an apartment in Berlin
computing” and “social mobility.” that he or she does not operate, the Bestand in den Jahren 1960 bis 2019 Transforming Transport to Ensure constructed in 2003-2017): 10 euros
OECD defines “passenger transport” nach Fahrzeugklassen Tomorrow’s Mobility: 12 Insights into per m² per month, according to Berlin
Intermodal transport as any form of transport of the Verkehrswende rent index. This means that the rental
When different means of transport people by road, rail, water, or air. 15 Bundesministerium für Verkehr prices for 10 m² are 40 times as
(car, bus, bicycle) are combined in a und digitale Infrastruktur (2018): SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY high as the cost of a parking permit.
single journey. Power-to-gas Verkehr in Zahlen 2018/2019
Also abbreviated PtG, this refers to The Transition to Sustainable 27 Agora Verkehrswende (2018):
MJ/P km a process for producing gas from 15 Bundesministerium für Verkehr Mobility will Begin in Cities. Supporting a U-Turn in Parking Policy, p. 4.
Refers to the amount of energy electricity, which can be stored and und digitale Infrastruktur (2000):
required to transport one person used to power vehicles. Verkehr in Zahlen 2000 23 Umweltbundesamt (2017): 29 Agora Verkehrswende (2019):
one kilometer in megajoules. Umweltbewusstsein in Deutschland Neue Wege in die Verkehrswende.
2016, Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Impulse für Kommunikationskam
Bevölkerungsumfrage pagnen zum Behaviour Change, p. 9–11
76 7730 | 31 Agora Verkehrswende (2017): 40 | 41 Agora Verkehrswende (2017): Biofuels Are Not the Answer 56 Agora Verkehrswende (2019): 62 | 63 Authors' calculations based on We Can Afford Sustainable
Transforming Transport to Ensure Transforming Transport to Lifecycle Analysis of Electric Vehicles: the Atmosfair emissions calculator Transport
Tomorrow’s Mobility: 12 Insights into Ensure Tomorrow’s Mobility 49 Umweltbundesamt (2019): Bioenergie Determining Factors and Improvement (2019): Average emissions produced
the Verkehrswende, p. 26–39 www.umweltbundesamt.de Potential by a one-way economy class flight 70 Boston Consulting Group (2019):
From Road to Rail with an average occupancy rate Analyse Klimapfade Verkehr (2030)
Goods Transport in Cities Synfuels: A Viable Option, 57 Agora Energiewende & Agora of 74.1%, www.atmosfair.de.
43 Umweltbundesamt (2018): But Expensive Verkehrswende (2019): 15 Eckpunkte 70 Bundesministerium der Verteidigung
32 Statistisches Bundesamt (2018): Vergleich der durchschnittlichen für das Klimaschutzgesetz 63 European Environment Agency (2019): (2019): Verteidigungshaushalt 2019
Verkehrsunfälle 2017. Fachserie 8, Reihe 7 Emissionen einzelner Verkehrsmittel 50 Agora Verkehrswende, Agora Energie- EEA greenhouse gas data viewer www.bmvg.de
im Personenverkehr – Bezugsjahr 2017 wende and Frontier Economics (2018): 58 | 59 Navigant, Kompetenzzentrum www.eea.europa.eu
32 | 33 Agora Verkehrswende (2019): www.umweltbundesamt.de The future cost of electricity-based Elektromobilität and RE-xpertise (2019): 71 Umweltbundesamt (2019):
Ausgeliefert – wie die Waren zu synthetic fuels. Distribution grid planning for a 63 PIK (2019): Reallabor „Klimaneutral Umweltschädliche Subventionen
den Menschen kommen. Zahlen und 43 Umweltbundesamt (2018): successful energy transition – focus leben in Berlin“ zieht Bilanz www.umweltbundesamt.de
Fakten zum städtischen Güterverkehr Vergleich der durchschnittlichen Direct Power Consumption is on electromobility. Study on behalf www.pik-potsdam.de
Emissionen einzelner Verkehrsmittel the Most Efficient of Agora Verkehrswende, Agora Sustainable Transport is
34 Bundesregierung (2019): Projektions- im Güterverkehr – Bezugsjahr 2017 Energiewende and the Regulatory SHERING IN THE AGE OF
U Good Not Just for Climate
bericht 2019 für Deutschland, p. 104 www.umweltbundesamt.de 51 Agora Verkehrswende (2017): Assistance Project (RAP) SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT Protection
Transforming Transport to
Automated sustainabile 43 Umweltbundesamt (2019): Ensure Tomorrow’s Mobility. Heavy Trucks: Experts Are Still Carbon Pricing is Essential 72 | 73 Agora Verkehrswende (2017):
Mobility? Entwicklung des spezifischen Debating How Best to Power Them for Sustainable Transport Transforming Transport to Ensure
Energieverbrauchs im Personen 52 Der Tagesspiegel (2007): Reserven und Tomorrow’s Mobility.
35 Twitter (2018): Anne Will, Nico verkehr, Bezugsjahr 2017 Ressourcen – Rechnen mit Rohstoffen 60 Agora Verkehrswende (2017): 66 | 67 Agora Energiewende & Agora
Rosberg zum automatisierten Fahren www.umweltbundesamt.de (05.12.2007), www.tagesspiegel.de Transforming Transport to Verkehrswende (2019): 15 Eckpunkte
(04.03.2018) Ensure Tomorrow’s Mobility. für das Klimaschutzgesetz
43 mweltbundesamt (2019): Entwicklung
U 52 | 53 Öko-Institut (2019): Gigafactories für
36 | 37 Agora Verkehrswende (2017): des spezifischen Energieverbrauchs Lithium-Ionen-Zellen – Rohstoffbedarfe Large Ships and Aircraft Change is Inevitable
Transforming Transport to im Güterverkehr, Bezugsjahr 2017 für die globale Elektromobilität bis 2050 But Offers Tremendous
Ensure Tomorrow’s Mobility. www.umweltbundesamt.de www.oeko.de 61 Agora Verkehrswende (2017): Opportunity
Transforming Transport to
36 | 37 OECD/ITF (2016): Shared Mobility: 43 Umweltbundesamt (2019): 52 | 53 U.S. Geological Survey (2019): Ensure Tomorrow’s Mobility. 68 | 69 Authors' calculations based on
Innovation for Livable Cities, p. 8 Endenergieverbrauch und Mineral Commodity Summaries 2019 Fraunhofer IAO (2018): ELAB 2.0
Energieeffizienz des Verkehrs. The Adventure Meme is not Wirkungen der Fahrzeug-
In Rural Areas Sustainable Bezugsjahr 2017 52 | 53 Agora Verkehrswende (2017): Strategies without Drawbacks elektrifizierung auf Beschäftigung
Mobility Looks Different www.umweltbundesamt.de for Ensuring the Availability of Raw am Standort Deutschland, Abschluss-
Materials to the Electric Vehicle Industry 62 | 63 BMVI (2018): Verkehr in Zahlen bericht 15. November 2018
38 Statistisches Bundesamt (2019): 44 | 45 KCW GmbH (2019): Railmap 2030 – 2018/2019, p. 178, 216, and 240.
Bevölkerung nach dem Grad der Bahnpolitische Weichenstellungen 54 | 55 Agora Verkehrswende (2019): 68 | 69 Schäfer S., Schade W., Berthold D.,
Verstädterung und Staatsangehörigkeit für die Verkehrswende. Studie im Lifecycle Analysis of Electric Vehicles: 62 | 63 Authors' calculations based on Mader S., Scherf C., Wagner U. (2019):
www.destatis.de Auftrag von Agora Verkehrswende Determining Factors and Improvement Umweltbundesamt (2018): Vergleich Transformation der Mobilität aus
Potential der durchschnittlichen Emissionen regionaler Sicht: Fortschreibung des
38 Bundesagentur für Arbeit (2018): SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN einzelner Verkehrsmittel im Status quo von Wertschöpfung und
Pendleratlas (Datenstand Juni 2018) THE TRANSPORT SECTOR 56 Die Bundesregierung (2018): Koalitions- Personenverkehr – Bezugsjahr 2017 Beschäftigung in der Mobilität auf
www.statistik.arbeitsagentur.de vertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und SPD www.umweltbundesamt.de. Kreisebene. Arbeitspapier im Auftrag
We Need Alternatives to www.bundesregierung.de Average CO2 emissions per capita: der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
39 Bundesministerium für Verkehr und Gasoline and Diesel Car: 0.139 g CO2 equivalents/km
digitale Infrastruktur (2019): Mobilität 56 Umweltbundesamt (2019): (average occupancy rate: 1.5 people); 68 | 69 Bormann R., Fink P., Holzapfel H.,
in Deutschland. Ergebnisbericht. 48 Umweltbundesamt (2019): Erneuerbare Energien in Zahlen, train: 0.036 g CO2 equivalents/km Rammler S., Sauter-Servaes T.,
Bonn 2019, p. 47 Energieverbrauch nach Energieträgern, www.umweltbundesamt.de (average occupancy rate: 56%, Tiemann H., Waschke T., Weirauch
Sektoren und Anwendungen 2017 German electricity mix) B. (2018): Die Zukunft der deutschen
Automobilindustrie: Transformation
by Design or by Desaster?
WISO Diskurs 03/2018
78 79PUBLICATION DETAILS
PUBLISHER CONCEPTION & DESIGN
AGORA Verkehrswende Ellery Studio
www.agora-verkehrswende.de www.ellerystudio.com
Anna-Luisa-Karsch-Straße 2 Glogauer Straße 19
10178 Berlin 10999 Berlin
Germany Germany
Executive Director Concept
Christian Hochfeld Bernd Riedel
Project Manager & Editorial Director Creative Directors
Marena Pützschler Eugen Litwinow, Bernd Riedel, Dodo Vögler
Director, Strategic Communication Art & Infographic Director
Dr. Fritz Vorholz David Ramirez Fernandez
Editors Story Director
Sheree Domingo, Lisa Gradl, Sheree Domingo
Christian Hochfeld, Marena Pützschler,
David Ramirez Fernandez, Bernd Riedel, Editorial Design
Dr. Fritz Vorholz, Johannes Wirz Lisa Gradl
Scientific Content Illustrators
Wolfgang Aichinger, Dr. Carl-Friedrich Elmer, Qixuan Chen, Lucia Cordero,
Christian Hochfeld, Dr. Günter Hörmandinger, Sheree Domingo, David Ramirez Fernandez
Alexander Jung, Anne Klein-Hitpaß,
Dr. Urs Maier, Kerstin Meyer, Infographics
Marena Pützschler, Fritz Richard Viertel, Lisa Gradl, David Ramirez Fernandez,
Dr. Fritz Vorholz Bernd Riedel
Operations Director Design & Layout
Steffi Niemzok Lisa Gradl, Nazare Picos, Simon Schabel,
Hannah Schrage, Shriya Shankar Seetharam,
Translation from the German Gaja Vičič
Lucais Sewell, Dominic Bonfiglio
WordSolid, Berlin Cover Illustration
Brady Kuehl, Gaja Vičič
80Fonts
Lulamb (Ellery Studio),
Windsor, Colby
Paper
140 g / m2 Circleoffset
Premium White FSC® Recycled
and Blue Angel certified
Colors
Pantone 803, Pantone 806,
Pantone 2728, Pantone 7617
Publication date
First English edition, May 2021
Printing
Druckhaus Sportflieger
www.druckhaus-sportflieger.de
Please cite as
Agora Verkehrswende and Ellery Studio (2021): Future Ahoy!
An Infographic Novel about Sustainable TransportGOLD
MALOFIEJ 28
INTERNATIONAL
INFOGRAPHIC
AWARDS
Agora Verkehrswende is a Berlin-based think tank that conducts in-depth
research on mitigating climate change in the transport sector. The arguments
in favor of a Verkehrswende – a sweeping transformation of the transport
sector toward sustainability – are numerous and compelling. Yet so far action
has failed to materialize, persuading us to ask: What can we do to increase
public awareness for this important issue?
You’re holding the answer in your hands. This infographic novel shares our
insights in a new format designed to reach a wider audience and engender
broader public support for sustainable transport. The storyline follows
a family of three generations, from the young and idealistic to the old and
cantankerous, as they grapple with issues related to the climate and the
future of mobility. They discover that sustainable transport is not just good
for the climate, but also an opportunity to positively reshape how we live
and work together.
Agora Verkehrswendeis a joint initiative of Ellery Studio drives transformation at the
Stiftung Mercator and the European Climate Foundation. intersection of innovation, knowledge and design.You can also read
