SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2019/20 - POST FOR THE FUTURE - Singapore Post
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Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2019/20 POST FOR THE FUTURE 1
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth CONTENTS Board Statement 4 Sustainability at SingPost at a Glance 5 About the Report 6 About SingPost 6 Sustainability at SingPost 7 Sustainability Governance 7 Stakeholder Engagement 8 Materiality Assessment 9 Sustainability Strategy 10 Planet Positive 12 Energy Consumption and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions 14 Operational Excellence 20 Our People 22 Compliance with Laws and Regulations 26 Ethics, Anti-Bribery and Corruption 29 Data Security and Privacy 31 Business Continuity Planning 34 Societal Responsibility 38 Responsible Supply Chain 40 Customer Satisfaction 43 Community Investment 51 Transformational Growth 58 Product and Service Innovation 60 Appendices 64 Energy and GHG Emissions Methodology 64 GRI Content Index 66 2 3
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth BOARD STATEMENT 102-10 102-14 As we forge ahead with the strategic transformation of On the environmental front, we replaced lights at SingPost Centre, We also faced a sudden manpower shortfall as a result of quarantine SUSTAINABILITY AT SINGPOST Singapore's evolving urban Regional eCommerce Logistics cases and lockdowns, and had AT A GLANCE urban logistics and eCommerce Hub and Kallang Delivery Base to activate contingency plans landscape, the Board remains with LED lamps, which would overnight to ensure the continuity committed towards driving generate energy savings of of mail operations. In response to sustainability throughout the 10,458,679 kWh – equivalent of the onset of these challenges, a Planet Positive business, and creating long- powering up 5,909 units of 4-room multi-divisional SingPost COVID-19 term value for our stakeholders. HDB flats annually, and continued Task Force was formed in March We believe that responsible to explore various green initiatives. 2020 to tackle the challenges 30% projected 42% increase in corporate stewardship is integral In our community-support efforts, ahead. Various measures were put energy savings from the collection of e-waste through 6% decrease in to the organisation, and we we introduced the Blessings in a in place to safeguard the well- replacement of lightings our joint nation-wide Scope 2 greenhouse gas remain focused on managing Box campaign to drive donations being of our stakeholders. programme ReCYCLE with (“GHG”) emissions with LED fittings our partner Singtel the Environmental, Social and of health essentials for the elderly Governance (“ESG”) facets of our in need, and continued to run Even as the post COVID-19 world business and operations towards Postman Home Visits and the Food continues to pose challenges, the highest standards in our Distribution Initiative to help the SingPost will strive to improve our sustainability journey. underprivileged in our community. sustainability efforts and continue to have the Board oversee the Operational Excellence Societal Responsibility Over the financial year, In the fourth quarter of the strategic management of the SingPost continued to step up financial year, the COVID-19 sustainability-related risks and Average score of in our sustainability efforts on pandemic swept across the globe. opportunities of the ESG matters 0 cases of Refreshed 4.8 stars out of 5 given to multiple fronts. Like many other organisations, of the Company. We thank all our corruption or the postmen in the first six months of uniforms for frontliners MyPostman campaign the Group faced extraordinary stakeholders for their unwavering unethical behaviour We conduct our business in challenges. Air freight disruptions support during this trying period accordance to the highest ethical interrupted cross-border and seek their continual support, standards and have rolled out fulfilment and international as we continue to battle against Clinched a new Anti-Money Laundering deliveries, with trickle-down this pandemic together. Best Partner in Customer Service and Countering the Financing of effects for last-mile deliveries. Transformational Growth ‘Double-11’ Award by Alibaba Cai Niao Terrorism Policy, as well as due diligence and compliance controls across the Group this year. As 35 new Point Launched part of responsible supply chain of Sales (“POS”) new concept post Launched management, we commenced office, Tampines Blessings in a Box, a community-support counters across Central Post initiative to drive donations of health on-site assessments for selected our post offices Office @Telepark essentials to vulnerable elderly suppliers via a risk-based approach to ensure adherence to our Supplier Code of Conduct. We also embarked on social initiatives such as MyPostman to encourage communities to get to know their neighbourhood postmen. 4 5
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth ABOUT THE REPORT ABOUT SINGPOST 102-2 102-5 SUSTAINABILITY It is imperative that we continue to ensure the sustainability of our operations given our role as the country’s trusted postal service provider. This is SingPost’s third Sustainability Report, which As the country’s postal service provider, SingPost We trust that our current efforts have brought convenience to homes and communicates our approach towards and performance surrounding sustainability. has been delivering trusted and reliable services AT SINGPOST businesses and we seek to continue managing and operating our business to homes and businesses in Singapore for over 160 and resources to create long term value for our stakeholders. years. SingPost has grown from a humble mail office in the 19th century to an international organisation with REPORTING SCOPE 102-50 102-51 102-52 operations in 17 markets worldwide. Listed on the SGX-ST, SingPost’s largest shareholders are Singapore Sustainability reporting is performed on an annual Telecommunications Limited (22.0 %) and Alibaba basis, with our last report published in August 2019. SUSTAINABILITY GOVERNANCE 102-18 102-19 102-20 102-26 102-32 Investment Limited (14.6 %), as at 31 March 2020. The reporting period of this report covers 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020 (“FY2019/20”), with historical Every SingPoster has a part to Overseen by the Group Chief We continue to grow our eCommerce logistics business performance data included for comparison, where play towards the sustainability of Brand & Communications Board of Directors as well as provide innovative mail and logistics available. Unless otherwise stated, the sustainability SingPost and the world around us. Officer, SingPost’s Sustainability solutions to customers in Singapore and around the data and information presented in this report relates world, with a vision of becoming a global leader in Department is responsible for to our three key business segments – Post & Parcel, eCommerce logistics. At SingPost, sustainability matters initiating, driving and monitoring Logistics and Property. For a more holistic overview Group CEO of SingPost’s financial performance, this report are governed and managed across the various aspects of SingPost’s should be read together with the SingPost Annual various levels in the organisation. sustainability practices. The Report FY2019/20. As the designated Public Postal Licensee in Sustainability Department works Singapore, we are committed to our service The Board of Directors sets the with the relevant business REPORTING FRAMEWORK 102-54 102-56 obligations. We offer reliable and quality overall direction for SingPost’s and support units for each domestic and international postal services, Relevant sustainability matters, followed sustainability matter. Each Sustainability Departments / This report has been prepared in accordance with the and end-to-end mail solutions. We have a by the Group CEO who is sustainability matter is overseen Department Committees / SGX-ST Listing Rules 711A and 711B and draws on wide network of touch points, with 56 post Working Groups accountable for the management by their respective senior the guidance set out in Practice Note 7.6. offices, 7 delivery bases, 300 self-service and monitoring of sustainability management and department, or Post & Parcel automated machine (“SAM”) kiosks, 743 matters, including their a working committee. The Global Reporting Initiative (“GRI”) Standards are posting boxes and 10,996 POPStation lockers strategies, policies, practices, selected as our sustainability reporting framework as they represent the global best practice for reporting across 160 locations in Singapore. performance and targets. on an organisation’s sustainability impacts. This We offer end-to-end eCommerce logistics report has been prepared in accordance with the GRI Standards: Core option. More information on the solutions to tap the growing eCommerce GRI Standards disclosures selected for reporting are market in Asia Pacific. Through our provided in the GRI Content Index, on Page 66. subsidiaries Quantium Solutions, Famous Holdings and General Storage Company, we We continue to adopt a phased approach to our provide a diverse range of logistics solutions reporting and will consider seeking external Logistics covering freight, warehousing, self-storage, assurance as our sustainability reporting matures domestic and international distribution and over time. delivery services. Throughout the report, tags are provided for We provide end-to-end solutions across clarity when a disclosure is aligned with specific the eCommerce value chain, including GRI disclosure(s). An example is provided below: eCommerce technology solutions to leading international brands, creating and managing Disclosure # Standard # XXX-YY eCommerce enterprise-grade online stores, digital marketing and customer care under our subsidiary SP eCommerce. Property comprises commercial property, FEEDBACK 102-53 including the SingPost Centre and eCommerce Logistics Hub as well as the self- We welcome feedback on any aspect of our Property sustainability journey. Please address your feedback storage business, Lock+Store. to csr@singpost.com. 6 7
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 102-40 102-42 102-43 102-44 102-46 MATERIALITY ASSESSMENT 102-47 Conversations with our from the materiality assessments corporate website offers various What’s important to our stakeholders are important to us too. stakeholders help us align our and ongoing engagements avenues of contact such as SingPost defines material ESG matters as topics that reflect our significant ESG impacts and will substantially priorities with the matters that continue to influence sustainability phone, live chat, and a dedicated influence the decision-making process of our stakeholders. The following presents a summary of our affect them most. efforts in the Company. section for feedback. Separate materiality process. sections are provided for different The Group has put in place The basis for and methods audiences – customers, media practices that enable regular of engagement with our and investors, as well as other 2017/18 2018/19 communication and engagement stakeholders, along with the key engagement platforms such as with stakeholders, so as to areas of focus for each stakeholder LinkedIn, Facebook and Instagram. A comprehensive list of potential material External Stakeholder Engagement sustainability matter was drawn up, taking into understand and address their group can be found in pages 73 to account insights from internal stakeholder We connected with several investors, customers and the engagement (including consideration of the trade union for their inputs on the sustainability matters needs and interests. 78 of our Annual Report 2019/20. interests and concerns of external stakeholders), that are important to them in their capacity as an external and benchmarking of industry peers’ and key customers’ ESG factors. Cross-functional stakeholder of SingPost. Identification interviews and focus group discussions were Formal materiality assessment Our corporate website – conducted with the management to refine the list Their inputs resulted in two new material ESG matters for of potential material sustainability matters. conversations with internal and www.singpost.com – is updated reporting. external stakeholders were on a timely basis to provide The new list of sustainability matters was presented to the Materiality assessment workshops were conducted from FY2017/18 to stakeholders with current and conducted with the management, followed Board for validation and approval. by an anonymous electronic voting exercise FY2018/19 to identify ESG topics relevant information. A dedicated by the management on 24 potential material In subsequent reporting periods, reviews will be done to sustainability matters. ensure continued relevance to SingPost’s business and that matter to them. The results “Contact Us” section on the operations. The results were plotted on a materiality matrix Prioritisation that displays each matter’s position relative to the degree of impact to both internal and external stakeholders. A total of six key material sustainability matters 2019/20 UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION SHAREHOLDERS were selected by top management for reporting. A specialised agency of the United Nations that Institutional investors, equity analysts, retail investors. coordinates postal policies among member nations, Securities Investors Association of Singapore The result were presented to the Board for validation and approval. In FY2019/20, we continue to report on these material ESG in addition to the worldwide postal system Validation matters, which remain relevant for reporting. tal Share l Pos hol rsa der nive ion s U Un GOVERNMENT / REGULATORS Infocomm Media Development PARTNERS Authority, Singapore Exchange, Business and other partners tor t / Bu r Pa Ot n sin rtne Ministry of Manpower, National he Reg nme s ess Environment Agency, etc ula er and Gov MATERIAL ESG MATTERS rs Energy Consumption and Associated Greenhouse Charitable Organ L o cal C o m m LOCAL COMMUNITIES / Compliance with Laws and Regulations Gas Emissions s/ rkes CHARITABLE ORGANISATIONS p lo y e e Charitable organisations and the EMPLOYEES / OTHER WORKERS er Wo disadvantaged in the communities Including contract and Ethics, Anti-Bribery and Corruption Responsible Supply Chain u n it temporary workers Em in which we operate isat Oth ies ion / s Data Security and Privacy Customer Satisfaction up n Un S pl io ie rs a de Business Continuity Planning Product and Service Innovation SUPPLIERS Tr Airlines, international postal agencies, TRADE UNION C u st o m e r s Union of Telecoms Employees of delivery partners, etc Singapore(“UTES“) CUSTOMERS Corporates, retail customers, general public ADDITIONAL ESG MATTERS REPORTED Our People Community Investment 8 9
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY Sustainability at SingPost is delivered through four interlinking pillars – Planet Positive, Operational Excellence, Societal Responsibility, and Transformational Growth. This framework supports and strengthens the execution of our Future of Post strategy1, guides us where to focus on and empowers us to work towards a more sustainable future. We care about doing the We care about the lives We care about sustaining right things the right of all stakeholders and a liveable planet for all way, across our entire go the extra mile to future generations. value chain. deliver value to them. Operational Excellence Planet Societal Positive Responsibility Transformational Growth We care about the distribution of sustainable economic value and the important role we play in transforming the markets we operate in. Planet Positive O perational Excellence S ocietal Responsibility T ransformational Growth ESG MATTERS Energy Our People# Responsible Product and Our pillars provide Consumption Supply Chain Service Innovation an outline for our and Associated Ethics, Sustainability Report. Greenhouse Gas Anti-Bribery Customer Under each pillar, we Emissions and Corruption Satisfaction disclose on a number Compliance Community of relevant material with Laws and Investment# ESG matters that are Regulations significant to us and our stakeholders. Data Security and Privacy # Not identified as a material Business ESG matter but reported Continuity additionally Planning 1 For more information on our Future of Post Strategy, please refer to our Annual Report. 10 11
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth PLANET POSITIVE We care about sustaining a liveable planet for all future generations Delivering a sustainable future can only begin with the one place that matters most to all of us. We recognise the importance of environmental sustainability and our unique position to drive society’s transition to a circular, low carbon economy. ESG MATTERS IN THIS PILLAR 30% PROJECTED ENERGY SAVINGS Energy Consumption and FROM THE REPLACEMENT OF LIGHTS WITH LED LAMPS IN Associated Greenhouse Gas OUR LARGEST BUILDINGS Emissions 42% INCREASE IN E-WASTE COLLECTED THROUGH ReCYCLE, OUR JOINT NATION-WIDE PROGRAMME WITH SINGTEL 3% DECREASE IN DIRECT (SCOPE 1) GHG EMISSIONS 6% DECREASE IN ENERGY INDIRECT (SCOPE 2) GHG EMISSIONS 12 13
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth ENROUTE TO CARBON-VOYAGE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Energy Consumption and Associated WE CAN ONLY DELIVER IN THE FUTURE IF WE START DELIVERING Greenhouse Gas Emissions 103-1 103-2 103-3 FOR THE FUTURE, TODAY We think about how we can change the way we operate in a world of climate change. As the scale of Climate change has widespread consequences on the planet. We recognise the responsibilities our operations grow, it is inherent that without actionable interventions, our carbon footprint will grow corporations must bear in tackling climate change and the importance of rethinking the way we operate, too. This accounts for why we are working on an environmental blueprint to operationalise change. all with the eventual aim of putting an end to the carbon-intensive business-as-usual. We look forward to sharing this blueprint in future reporting periods. OUR MANAGEMENT TOOLS OUR TARGETS Our Environmental Policy articulates our primary environmental objectives and commitments around Environmental Policy four thrusts: • The policy articulates our Future Target FY2019/20 Progress and Performance primary environmental objectives which focus on operational, fleet and building By FY2029/30, reduce absolute GHG Collaborating with emissions2 by 35%, from FY2018/193 On track Operational efficiency Fleet efficiency Building efficiency Stakeholders efficiency and stakeholder baseline level collaboration. We aim to work closely with We commit to base We aim to apply innovative We are dedicated towards OUR CHANGE MAKERS our investors, customers, our operations on key solutions that optimise and energy efficiency in our suppliers, business partners principles of international upgrade our fleets, reduce sites and facilities, utilising Environment Committee and regulators to establish environmental management mileage, explore alternative alternative energy sources in environmentally sustainable system standards and fuel-saving options and place of grid electricity, and • Made up of representatives and responsible business achieve resource efficiency implement initiatives to progressively refurbishing from operating units across the practices. through the optimisation of reduce delivery trips. outdated infrastructure. resources in our value chain. Group, the committee oversees environmental stewardship in the Group. Fuel and energy consumption are managed Aligning with global and local ambitions to reduce GHG emissions, we set a long-term target of and monitored by the various 35% reduction in our absolute GHG emissions from FY2018/19 baseline level4 by FY2029/30. In operating units such as the FY2019/20, we continue to collaborate with stakeholders and drive initiatives that aim to improve our conveyance and delivery teams environmental performance. in Post & Parcel, Famous Holdings and by the Property division. 4Baseline level has been adjusted from FY2017/18 to FY2018/19 to reflect the 100% operational scope. 2Direct (Scope 1) and Energy Indirect (Scope 2) GHG emissions in Singapore. 3Baseline level has been adjusted from FY2017/18 to FY2018/19 to reflect the 100% operational scope. 14 15
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 102-48 302-1 305-1 305-2 KEY ACTIVITIES IN FY2019/20 Energy and GHG Emissions5 FY2017/186 FY2018/19 FY2019/20 Light-emitting diode (“LED”) fittings Fuel Consumption Lights at SingPost Centre, Regional eCommerce Logistics Hub and Kallang Delivery Base have been replaced with LED lamps, which is projected to achieve estimated energy savings of Post & Parcel (TJ) 36 36 37 10,458,679 kWh – the equivalent of powering up 2,576 four-room HDB flats in Singapore in a year, or, 30% in energy savings compared to the last financial year. Logistics (TJ) 14 15 13 Waste management Total Fuel Consumption (TJ) 50 51 50 ReCYCLE is a nationwide e-waste recycling initiative with our partner Singapore Electricity Consumption Telecommunications Limited (“Singtel”). Unwanted electronic devices can be dropped off into the ReCYCLE bins at selected Singtel Shop and Singtel Exclusive Retailer outlets and post offices, Post & Parcel (MWh) 29,910 38,076 38,856 as well as other partner locations. All locations are listed on recycle.sg. Alternatively, members of the public can also ask for a ReCYCLE envelope from any Singtel Shop and Singtel Exclusive Logistics (MWh) 10,010 9,612 5,807 Retailer outlets, and Post Offices, and mail their unwanted mobile device and accessories at no charge as postage is waived. The programme collected 22,340 kg of e-waste in FY2019/20 from 61 Others7 (MWh) 509 406 341 collection points island-wide. This is an increase of 42% from the previous year. Total Electricity Consumption (MWh) 40,429 48,093 45,004 Raising awareness Total Electricity Consumption (TJ) 146 173 162 Every individual in SingPost can play their part in reducing their environmental footprint. We continually engage our employees through an array of communication tools and events such as Total Energy Consumption within SingPost Earth Hour to instill a shared sense of responsibility towards the environment. SingPost has been supporting Earth Hour since 2013 and in March 2020, the SingPost Centre switched off all facade Total Energy Consumption within 196 224 212 lights and non-essential lighting for an hour as a show of commitment to our planet. SingPost (TJ) Direct (Scope 1) GHG Emissions Installation of solar photovoltaic (“PV”) systems Post & Parcel (tCO2e) 2,646 2,676 2,717 These power systems are designed to supply usable solar power by means of solar panels. While we have invited tenders for our two larger buildings, Singapore Post Centre and Regional Logistics (tCO2e) 1,035 1,136 983 eCommerce Logistics Hub, this project is currently under evaluation and further planning. Total Direct (Scope 1) GHG Emissions 3,681 3,812 3,700 (tCO2e) Pilot test on electric vehicles (“EV”) Energy Indirect (Scope 2) GHG Emissions SingPost is currently exploring to pilot the use of Electric Vehicles (“EV”) as a more sustainable alternative to our current fleet of logistics. Our pilot trial has been put on hold in light of the Post & Parcel (tCO2) 12,673 15,961 16,273 COVID-19 situation. Logistics (tCO2) 4,241 4,029 2,432 Chiller upgrading Others7 (tCO2) 216 170 143 Chiller systems, which provide ventilation and air-conditioning, make up a significant portion of energy consumption within a building. We are currently assessing our chiller perfomance ratings Total Energy Indirect (Scope 2) GHG 17,130 20,160 18,848 and working with vendors to maintain equipment efficiency, and we are exploring chiller upgrades. Emissions (tCO2) Automatic lighting system Total Energy Indirect (Scope 2) GHG Emissions We are exploring the feasibility of implementing an automatic lights-off system after working Total Direct (Scope 1) and Energy hours for certain areas in our buildings. Indirect (Scope 2) GHG Emissions 20,811 23,972 22,548 (tCO2e) 5Restatements were made for FY2017/18 and FY2018/19 data for greater accuracy. Please refer to the Appendix for our energy and GHG emissions methodology. 6In FY2018/19, SP Parcels was moved from the Logistics segment to the Post & Parcel segment. This was reclassified for FY2017/18 for better comparability in this report. 7Others relate to SingPost’s properties which have been leased out as well as properties under Group Technology. 16 17
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth FUEL CONSUMPTION AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND FUEL CONSUMPTION & DIRECT (SCOPE 1) ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION & ENERGY ASSOCIATED DIRECT (SCOPE 1) ASSOCIATED ENERGY INDIRECT GHG EMISSIONS INDIRECT (SCOPE 2) GHG EMISSIONS GHG EMISSIONS8 (SCOPE 2) GHG EMISSIONS9 Across our business operations, we utilise Electricity is utilised for our leased spaces 173 motor gasoline and diesel oil for vehicles 180 30,000 and properties owned or under SingPost’s 180 162 30,000 Direct (Scope 1) GHG Emissions Energy Indirect (Scope 2) GHG Electricity Consumption (TJ) and equipment. A significant portion relates 160 operational control. Our two largest 160 146 25,000 25,000 Fuel Consumption (TJ) to fuel consumption of our own fleet and 140 buildings are the Regional eCommerce 140 20,160 18,848 Emissions (tCO2) leased vehicles. In FY2019/20, there was a 120 20,000 Logistics Hub, an automated parcel sorting 120 17,130 20,000 slight decrease in our total direct (Scope 100 and warehousing facility, and SingPost 100 (tCO2e) 15,000 15,000 1) GHG emissions by approximately 3% 80 Centre. In FY2019/20, our total energy 80 from FY2018/19, mainly attributable to our 60 50 51 50 10,000 indirect (Scope 2) GHG emissions decreased 60 10,000 Logistics segment. This relates to a slight by approximately 6% from FY2018/19, mainly 40 40 3,681 3,812 3,700 reduction in cargo volume in our freight 5,000 attributable to our Logistics segment. This 5,000 20 20 forwarding business, due in part to the mainly relates to the closure of a warehouse 0 0 0 0 global trade slowdown and the impact of the FY2017/18 FY2018/19 FY2019/20 and post office in the third and fourth FY2017/18 FY2018/19 FY2019/20 international COVID-19 pandemic. quarters of FY2018/19 respectively, as well Fuel Consumption Electricity Consumption as a result of the installation of energy- Direct (Scope 1) GHG Emissions Energy Indirect (Scope 2) GHG Emissions efficient LED light fittings at the Regional eCommerce Logistics Hub. 8Please refer to the Appendix for our energy and GHG emissions methodology. 9Please refer to the Appendix for our energy and GHG emissions methodology. 18 19
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE We care about doing the right things the right way, across our entire value chain SingPost has a heritage dating back to the founding of Singapore in 1819. We recognise that future-proofing this success would not be possible without the trust of our stakeholders and our people’s commitment towards excellence. Underpinned by the highest standards of corporate governance, we adopt best-in- class practices that reflect our obligation towards accountability, transparency and safeguarding of our stakeholders’ interests. ESG MATTERS IN THIS PILLAR 0 Our People # CASES OF CORRUPTION OR # Not identified as a material ESG matter UNETHICAL BEHAVIOUR but reported additionally Compliance with Laws and Regulations Ethics, Anti-Bribery and Corruption Data Security and Privacy Business Continuity Planning 20 21
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth PEOPLE ARE THE HEART OF SINGPOST OUR PEOPLE 102-12 Our People We offer our people a workplace built on trust and mutual respect. As a signatory to the Employers’ Pledge of Fair Employment Practices by the Tripartite Alliance for Fair & Our achievements and sustained success over the years would not have been possible without our people. Progressive Employment Practices (“TAFEP”), we strive to adopt fair and progressive practices on employment. Today, SingPost comprises a 4,183-strong family in Singapore. We believe in the benefits of having a diverse From recruitment to development and the reward of our talents, meritocracy is one of the key values we uphold workforce, bringing together employees from a wide range of backgrounds and career experiences. at SingPost. We invest in developing our people and accompany them through their career journeys. OUR MANAGEMENT TOOLS OUR CHANGE MAKERS • PRIDE Framework • Human Resources Department We believe that SingPost will only succeed when our employees do – which is why we invest in shaping our workforce to be one that is future-fit. PRIDE, our people strategy, encompasses five objectives - all of which are • Various learning and integral to transforming the way we work and sustainable in a changing world. development opportunities and programmes As we continue on our transformation journey, it is important for us to develop a learning organisation by balancing the needs of today while future-proofing for tomorrow. We have taken a number of steps in this direction. SingPost was one of the first few unionised companies in the Trade and Connectivity sector to seal our commitment to reskilling of our workers, through the formation of the Company Training Committee (“CTC”) in partnership with the Union of Telecoms Employees of Singapore (“UTES”). Within the first 6 months of its inception, more than 500 front-line team members have received training relevant to their roles, aimed at increasing their digital readiness, productivity and service quality. Our goal is to train close to 1,500 staff over 3 years. We remain committed to building leadership capabilities at the middle management SINGPOST PRIDE FRAMEWORK level through our accelerated development programme, iLEAD and Manager P roviding top talent across the Group Effectiveness Programmes in our efforts For talent pool and leadership bench strength, and succession pipeline to grow our own timber, strengthen our talent bench strength and build a pipeline R ewarding for performance of successors. Through this programme, we For a high-performance culture to achieve business results have been able to offer career progression for more than 55% of our talent pool. I nstilling a lean HR operating system For scalable and efficient processes through leveraging technology We endeavour to create an agile learning D eveloping and growing our talent mindset in our workforce by offering For enhanced managerial and talent capability, and opportunities for growth accessible learning opportunities through e-learning platforms, annual learning E ngaging every employee in our transformation carnival in partnership with SkillsFuture, For high engagement and organisational drive monthly lunch and learn sessions and specially curated On-Demand Learning Journeys supporting specific business upskilling needs. As part of our efforts to digitalise and upscale our learning programmes, we launched our e-orientation programme #MySingPostStory in October 2019 on mobile and web platforms. This allowed all new hires across the Group to receive a consistent and engaging virtual orientation experience with easy-to- access, bite-size and interactive content. The programme successfully on-boarded approximately 100 new hires at Managerial levels, enabling them to assimilate into their roles and the organisation seamlessly. 22 23
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES BY EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT AND GENDER IN SINGAPORE KEY ACTIVITIES IN FY2019/20 Best Ambassador Of The Year Awards Our Employees 102-7 102-8 FY2017/18 FY2018/19 FY2019/20 Best Ambassador of the Year (“BAOY”) is SingPost’s annual award event held in October on World Post Day as we recognise exemplary members of our SingPost family who consistently Total number of employees demonstrate our Core Values, delight and positively impact our customers. In 2019, 24 staff across frontline and support units All 4,210 4,135 4,183 were given awards across 15 categories. Percentage of employees, by gender Refreshing Our Look Male 50% 52% 52% At SingPost, we pride ourselves as postal ambassadors, serving our customers with pride and confidence as we connect Female 50% 48% 48% communities. In celebration of World Post Day on 9 October 2019, we launched a brand new set of uniforms for our frontline staff at Total number and percentage of employees, by employment contract and gender our post offices and philatelic stores. Workforce Skills Qualifications (“WSQ”) Professional Image & Permanent employees 2,723 2,694 2,755 Etiquette trainings were also provided for effective communication. The launch of our new uniforms for frontliners formed the ‘hardware’ component while the training formed the ‘software’ soft Permanent employees (Male) 66% 68% 67% skills component of our initiative to improve customer service standards. Together, they aimed to equip our staff to deliver an exemplary customer experience across the 56 post office touchpoints in Singapore. Permanent employees (Female) 34% 32% 33% For more information on the WSQ training, please refer to the section on ‘Customer Satisfaction’. Contract employees 1,487 1,441 1,428 Contract employees (Male) 22% 23% 22% SPECIAL PROFILE Contract employees (Female) 78% 77% 78% Interview with Mr James Wee, Neighbourhood Postman Total number and percentage of employees, by employment type and gender “This is not a job, it’s a mission Full-time employees 3,237 3,070 3,199 given by the sender. We have to fulfil their mission - we have to do Full-time employees (Male) 62% 64% 64% the job and do it nicely and I cannot let down our senders." Full-time employees (Female) 38% 36% 36% Mr James Wee, 60, has been delivering mail at an estate in Yishun for 7 years, covering 15 blocks Part-time employees 973 1,065 984 and over 2,000 units each day. He recently emerged as one of five highest rated postmen10, which he attributes to making sure he greets the residents with a friendly "good morning" every day. Part-time employees (Male) 11% 18% 12% Part-time employees (Female) 89% 82% 88% The ratings were based on MyPostman campaign, which allows residents to rate their neighbourhood postmen. For more details, please refer to the Customer Satisfaction section 10 of this report on page 50. 24 25
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth GOING BEYOND COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS Compliance with Laws and Regulations 103-1 103-2 103-3 BEING COMPLIANT IS OUR FOUNDATION FOR SUCCESS Going above and beyond regulatory compliance is important to us as it reinforces our fundamentals: Non-compliance to our legal and To strengthen the effectiveness compliance risk management. To to fulfill our duties to the communities we serve, and to serve the best interests of all our stakeholders. regulatory requirements may of the compliance function further strengthen compliance at result in direct legal consequences within SingPost Group, the SingPost, the Local Compliance that undermine our capability and Group Compliance Function Function (“LCF”) and Privacy reputation. To that end, we have was established to oversee Liaison (“PL”) perform supporting OUR MANAGEMENT TOOLS OUR TARGETS in place a strong framework of and monitor the Compliance roles towards the Group • Anti-Bribery & Corruption Policy policies, processes and procedures Risk Management and control Compliance on compliance areas • Board Renewal and Perpetual Target FY2019/20 Progress and Performance that serve to guard SingPost systems. In tandem, the Group across the Group. Tenure Policy 307-1 416-2 417-2 417-3 419-1 against such potential incidences. Compliance Charter (“GCC”) • Code of Business Conduct and We regularly monitor, evaluate and has been rolled out to define the IMDA regulates and assesses Ethics for Directors SingPost’s postal performance by audit our key business activities for scope of the Compliance Function • Enterprise Risk Management setting Quality of Service (“QoS”) standards for letter deliveries. continual improvement. and the methodology behind Framework • Policy on Diversity For the period of January to December 2019, SingPost met all QoS and Inclusivity standards for the delivery of Local and International Basic Letters, but • Policy on Professional marginally failed to meet its QoS Development No significant fines or non-monetary standard for “100% of Local Registered sanctions relating to non-compliance Letters to be delivered by the second • Privacy Policy with laws and regulations working day” with the late delivery of • Supplier Code of Conduct four registered letters and a case of a misplaced registered letter, all of • Whistle-Blowing Policy which occurred largely in the first half • Workplace Safety and of the year before service improvement measures were implemented. Health Policy • Work Injury SingPost achieved 98.81% in January 2019, and 99.63% in March, May, June Compensation Policy and July 2019. OUR CHANGE MAKERS • Audit Committee (“AC”) • Board Risk and Technology Committee (“BRTC”) • Local Compliance Function • Group Compliance Function 26 27
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth HONESTY, OUR BEST POLICY Examples of regulations that SingPost adheres to: Relevant legislation Ethics, Anti-Bribery and Corruption 102-16 103-1 103-2 103-3 (including but not limited to) Our stakeholders place their trust in us to do good. It matters that this trust is not misplaced. We remain steadfast in upholding our business ethics and integrity to the highest levels. We strive to work with like- Postal Regulations minded individuals and entities who resonate with our values and sustainable development objectives. IMDA regulates SingPost’s performance by setting Quality of Service (“QoS”) standards for deliveries, and our targets are to meet or exceed these standards. • Postal Services Act (Cap 237A) The Company is required to submit quarterly reports regarding its service quality to • Postal License the IMDA. Monthly letter tests and audits are conducted by appointed independent • Postal Services Regulations OUR MANAGEMENT TOOLS OUR TARGETS assessors to measure these service standards and the results are submitted to the • Postal Services Operations Code IMDA. IMDA announces the results of SingPost’s QoS performance each year. • Postal Competition Code • Anti-Bribery & Corruption Policy SingPost’s Postal QoS standards remain one of the most stringent in the world, with • Anti-Money Laundering and delivery standards of 100% for basic letters and registered letters posted by the second Perpetual Target FY2019/20 Progress and Performance working day. Countering the Financing of 205-2 205-3 Terrorism Policy • Code of Business Conduct and Uphold anti-corruption and ethical There were zero cases of corruption or behavior unethical behaviour. Ethics for Directors Anti-Corruption Regulations • Prevention of Corruption Act (“PCA”) • Penal Code • Code of Ethics We are committed to conducting our businesses with utmost integrity, transparency and • Corruption, Drug Trafficking and • Enterprise Risk Management Communication and training about anti- Annual anti-bribery and corruption honesty, as well as implementing and enforcing effective systems to counter bribery and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation compliance declaration exercise Framework corruption policies and procedures corruption. Recognising that any lapses has a direct bearing on our reputation and loss of Benefits) Act conducted for all senior officers and of confidence from our stakeholders, we continually strengthen our systems in line with • UK Bribery Act (“Bribery Act 2010”) • Supplier Code of Conduct managerial grade employees. the applicable legislations. • US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (“FCPA”) • Whistle-Blowing Policy OUR CHANGE MAKERS Data Protection and Privacy Regulations • General Data Protection Regulation • Audit Committee (“AC”) The workflow and processes of our operations is consistently reviewed by our legal, EU regulation 2016/679 (“GDPR”) compliance and operation teams to ensure the security of our data. Our internal Privacy • Personal Data Protection Act 2012 • Board Risk and Technology Policy provides information relating to collection, use, and disclosure of personal data. (“PDPA”) Committee (“BRTC”) In addition, our PDPA Handbook provides information on SingPost’s framework of compliance to PDPA and is made available through SingPost’s intranet, “SPhere”. • Ethics Committee Financial Sector Regulations We are regulated under the Monetary Authority of Singapore Financial Advisers Act (Chapter 110)11 as we offer financial services distribution via partners at our post • Monetary Authority of Singapore Financial Advisers Act offices. We conduct quarterly compliance validation training and tests and have put in place compliance key performance indicators to ensure that our financial service ambassadors comply with the regulations. Workplace Safety & Health Regulations • Employment Act We are committed to providing a healthy and safe work environment for our staff, and • Retirement & Re-employment Act we seek to perform beyond regulatory requirements to protect their rights and welfare. • Workplace Safety & Health Our Group Workplace Safety & Health (“WSH”) Policy and Work Injury Compensation (“WSH”) Act (“WIC”) Policy are set in line with relevant acts and legislations, outlining our • Work Injury Compensation commitment towards a safety culture of zero accidents, injuries or damage to the assets (“WIC”) Act and human resources of SingPost. Notice and Appointment of Introducers by Financial Advisors: Regulation 31 of the Financial Advisers GN. No. S462/2002. 11 28 29
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth ETHICS, ANTI-BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION 102-16 SAFEGUARDING A DIGITAL WORLD OUR CORE VALUES FOSTER AND UNDERPIN A CULTURE OF OPENNESS, TRUST AND ACCOUNTABILITY Data Security and Privacy 103-1 103-2 103-3 418-1 We live in a digital age. As data grows, so do the risks. Cyberattacks, data fraud and theft continue to KEY ACTIVITIES IN rank highly in their likelihood and impact on shaping the world’s risk landscape12. It is thus a business FY2019/20 Top Execution imperative for us to dutifully protect our corporate data and that of our stakeholders with the highest One Team standards of data security and privacy. Establishing our Ethics Committee CORE VALUES The Ethics Committee was OUR MANAGEMENT TOOLS OUR TARGETS officially established in Transformation Total Customer June 2019 to implement the • Enterprise Risk Management revamped Code of Ethics. Framework Perpetual Target FY2019/20 Progress and Performance The Committee comprises Trust • Information Classification and 418-1 the Group General Counsel Handling Policy as Chairman, the Group One breach event was reported to and • Information Security Policy verified by the Group Data Protection CFO and Group CHRO as members. The Terms of IT IS IMPORTANT TO US OUR STAKEHOLDERS ARE • Cybersecurity Framework Zero data breaches Officer ("GDPO"). GDPO has confirmed the remediation action to address the Reference of the Committee THAT WE MANAGE RISKS EMPOWERED TO DRIVE event. is to: THAT MAY COMPROMISE OUR ETHICAL CULTURE OUR CHANGE MAKERS • Establish; OUR VALUES AND 102-17 PDPA talks and e-learning modules • The Board Risk & Technology were carried out, and gaps identified • Embed; and INDEPENDENCE Our Whistle-Blowing Policy sets Committee has oversight over were tracked till closure with • Provide governance out the guidelines under which our appropriate measures implemented. internal and external stakeholders risk management oversight and SingPost’s Code of Ethics Compliance with the Personal Data In addition, a Group-wide privacy describes the importance of are able to raise concerns about • Group Chief Information Officer, management of ethical Protection Act (“PDPA”) and data protection framework was safeguarding sensitive and possible matters of improprieties Group Data Protection Officer, developed and approved, with its principles and values to confidential information as an or wrongdoings in confidence. All as well as all departments are programme and activities rolled out to guide the behaviour and whistle-blowing reports received enable all business and support units to employee. Employees are expected responsible for integrating the comply with their respective privacy and conduct of all employees to conduct themselves in a will be investigated promptly, data protection obligations. professionally, fairly and honestly. approach in daily operations of the company. professional manner with utmost integrity and total commitment to Where appropriate, the matter will New Anti-Money be escalated to the relevant law the Code. Laundering and Countering enforcement authorities for their the Financing of Terrorism investigation and further action. Our employees are required to Policy (“AML and CFT Findings from the investigations disclose when/if they are placed Policy”) and the follow-up actions taken or in a conflict of interest that In March 2020, our AML could potentially lead to such to be taken will be reported to the and CFT Policy was rolled a situation. They are required SingPost Audit Committee. out. This policy aims to to make declarations annually reduce the risk of money and to provide updates where To be aligned with our newly laundering and prevent appropriate. Guidelines relating rolled out AML and CFT Policy, sophisticated terrorist to entertainment, receipt and we conduct proper due diligence financial transactions that offer of gifts are also established. on any company that SingPost assist in funding criminal Moreover, our employees are will be establishing a business activities around the world. required to ensure that all relationship with or has an SingPost will only conduct business dealings and decisions established business relationship businesses with customers, are legitimately made for the that involves the transfer or suppliers or vendors and interest of SingPost and are not receipt of funds. Any suspicious third parties involved conducted under any improper transaction or red flag that in legitimate business influence or advantage. We are has been determined will be activities, and whose funds currently developing new training escalated to the Group Compliance are derived from lawful and materials on this topic, which will immediately. Furthermore, as part legal sources. be rolled out in due course. of record-keeping, employees are obliged to maintain records of proper due diligence undertaken. World Economic Forum, “The Global Risks Report 2020” 12 30 31
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth DATA SECURITY DATA PRIVACY STRENGTHENING DATA INTEGRITY AND PROTECTION IS GREAT EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON PARAMOUNT IN THE DIGITAL AGE 102-11 RESPECTING THE PRIVACY RIGHTS OF ALL OUR STAKEHOLDERS Cybersecurity remains one We have developed the manuals are communicated to of our top risk concerns. We Cybersecurity Framework and all employees. These policies are committed to protecting Group Information Security Policy are reviewed yearly, and updated Prudent handling, processing, storage and usage our customers’ personal data, as guiding principles and key where necessary, to ensure of our stakeholders’ information in our systems’ building resilience in data security controls to identify threats, protect, continual relevance regulations infrastructure is important to us as significant and improving our response to detect, respond to cyber-attacks and industry practices. failure of our controls may result in litigation, cyber threats. We are also focused and recover from incidents. As penalties and most importantly, undermine trust of on minimising any potential part of SingPost’s Enterprise Risk our stakeholders. We do our utmost in minimising impact from cyber threats and Management (“ERM”) Framework, the risk of privacy breaches and data leakages. We recovery processes. our data security policies and have in place an escalation process for incident management, which ensure timely response, internally and externally, to minimise the impact. To ensure SingPost’s data privacy compliance in the markets we operate in, we have acquired the privacy WE PUT OUR SYSTEMS TO THE TEST management resources that allow us to: • Conduct research and track latest privacy and As cyber threats evolve, SingPost will continuously build on cyber resilience and prepare its people to defend data protection developments in markets where the business. We work with key stakeholders to deploy various means to monitor, measure our systems and SingPost is operating in; stress-test our response across different scenarios. These include: • Compare global privacy and data protection standards; and Audits Cybersecurity ratings Scenario-based exercises • Utilise available tools and templates for We engage in rigorous internal and We conduct reviews of the cybersecurity While we continue to strengthen our adaption and deployment. external audits on our information threat landscape, our security posture cybersecurity capabilities, we also focus systems annually. and identify new methods to improve our on improving our people-process in cybersecurity resilience. effectively responding to cybersecurity • We constantly review our incidents via regular exercise and Cybersecurity General Controls • We engage Bitsight, a cybersecurity awareness programs. and identify areas to improve our ratings company, for a data-driven security operations, with the help of measurement of our cybersecurity • We work with industry stakeholders Group Internal Audit. Scope of audit performance and monitor our ratings such as IMDA to together conduct is reviewed annually following the every quarter to keep it within a tabletop exercise on a specific organisation risk landscapes and to our target range. Should ratings topic annually. The tabletop exercise address any emerging threat. fall, we will take the necessary conducted recently was on the topic • External consultants are engaged improvement actions based on of registered articles. One of the A CONCERTED EFFORT WHERE EVERY to assess and provide feedback on the recommendations provided scenarios presented was a cyber- EMPLOYEE IS AWARE AND ACCOUNTABLE our Cybersecurity readiness. Its by Bitsight. attack where the ‘compromised’ IT cybersecurity subject matter experts • Internally, we continue to implement system rendered the disablement of have conducted stress-testing security a comprehensive threat and the mail tracking function, resulting Our employees are consistently reminded on the controls of our critical systems and vulnerability management program, in registered articles not being review their compliance to Group strengthen our cybersecurity hygiene tracked but are still delivered to the importance of data security and privacy and the Policy and regulatory requirements. and further invest into layered end customer. The exercise helped role they must play. We do this through regular defence capabilities. business stakeholders to improve its communication and education awareness on these • Cybersecurity cuts across entire business continuity processes in order topics. In addition, all staff are required to go through Group businesses, we provide regular to minimise the service impacts to updates to senior management and our customers. mandatory PDPA Awareness Training via e-learning risk committees to keep them updated • We conduct annual Disaster Recovery modules to be equipped with a good understanding of on key development of Cybersecurity exercises for critical information data protection and how it applies to the workplace. program as well as cyber threat systems across the SingPost landscapes and incidents in relation organisation. The exercise simulates to the Group. various types of IT disaster situations, in order to stress test our data and IT system recovery processes. • This year, we have conducted the annual security awareness e-learning programme for more than 1,500 employees. 32 33
Sustainability Planet Operational Societal Transformational SingPost Sustainability Report 2019/20 Corporate at SingPost Positive Excellence Responsibility Growth ANTICIPATING WHAT’S IN STORE BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLANNING 102-11 Business Continuity Planning 103-1 103-2 103-3 RISK MANAGEMENT IS A CONTINUOUS, ITERATIVE AND INTEGRATED PROCESS Global risks are interconnected and ever-shifting. As such, it is vital for us to remain vigilant, enhance our readiness and continually build resilience. Prudent business continuity planning enables us to manage Risks come in various forms and from different sources that may impact our business. Some risks can be eliminated, some risks and establish mitigative measures to safeguard against disruptive impacts. This is necessary for may be accepted, some can be mitigated by transferring the quick recovery of our critical functions so that we can continue to deliver for our stakeholders. risks or via action plans, and managed as part of our business model. Our risk management strategy involves assessing OUR MANAGEMENT TOOLS OUR TARGETS and balancing risk probabilities, preparing for reasonable contingencies while minimising precautionary expenditure or • Business Continuity activity. We adopt a top-down as well as bottom-up approach. Management Framework Perpetual Target FY2019/20 Progress and Performance The Group’s Enterprise Risk Management ("ERM") framework • Master Crisis Management is modelled largely on ISO 31000:2018 Risk Management Directives – Principles and Guidelines, and covers the key strategic, Formalise Business Continuity operational, financial, compliance and information technology • Emergency Response Strengthen governance and instil the Management Council and develop Business Continuity culture within the the Business Continuity Management risks facing the Group. The ERM framework is supported by • Enterprise Risk Management organisation Framework. appropriate risk policies, procedures and provides guidance Framework to the Group’s various business units and support units on • IT Disaster Recovery managing risks. More information on risk management • Workplace Safety & Conduct disaster recovery exercises for SingPost has successfully conducted and internal controls can be found in our Annual Report, WE ENSURE OPERATIONAL disaster recovery exercises for critical Health Policy critical IT systems each year pages 81 – 88. IT systems in the financial year. READINESS THROUGH BUSINESS CONTINUITY OUR CHANGE MAKERS • Board Risk & Technology BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT Our Business Continuity Management Committee, Crisis Management COUNCIL STRUCTURE Council with Business Continuity Management Framework serves to drive Team and department heads business continuity plan (“BCP”) efforts • Business Continuity across the organisation, in order to ensure Management Council Board of Directors minimal disruptions of our operations and a quick recovery and continuation of critical business and operational functions. Chair (GCEO) Systems are in place for our operations to respond to incidents, crises and threats Deputy Chair (GCFO) when they occur. We have contingency Secretariat response plans for a broad span of events including emergencies, pandemics and security threats, as well as other forms of BC Manager disruptions that might occur in the course of our business and operations. Crisis Management Team In addition to operational response (Management Committee) plans, we have also set out processes to communicate to our stakeholders in an open manner. We communicate timely accounts of all incidents and the progress of the Project Sponsor recovery efforts that are being carried out to Project Sponsor - Project Sponsor - - E-Commerce & Postal Corporate Service our stakeholders. Overseas (CEO, Pos Svcs & SG) (GCFO) CEO, Couriers Please Our crisis management and communication plans are reviewed and refined regularly, as Overseas Postal Business Unit Support Units well as updated in our BCPs. In addition, all Subsidiaries BCPs are periodically tested, documented and maintained. This enables us to respond to crises in an organised and efficient manner, and expedite recovery processes. 34 35
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