Strengthening Capacity in a Challenging World: The Red Cross View
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Strengthening Capacity in a
Challenging World:
The Red Cross View
“Getting closer to vulnerable people at national and
MISSION international level through preventive, welfare, recovery
and development actions, performed essentially
by volunteers”
“The Spanish Red Cross as a humanitarian organisation
with a well anchored voluntary service in society,
VISION will provide comprehensive answers from a development
perspective to victims of disasters and emergencies, social,
health and environmental problems”
Today’s humanitarian challenges
• More than 2.6 billion people live on less than 2 US dollars a day.1
• 1.02 billion people around the world are hungry everyday.2
• 884 million people use an unimproved drinking water source.3
• In 2008, 33.4 million people were living with HIV4; 2 million died of HIV-
related causes.
• In 2008, 8.8 million children under five died from under-nutrition and
preventable diseases like diarrhoea – one every 3.5 seconds -857 in 50 min.5
• There are 1 billion people living in urban slums. Projections are more than 1.4
billion people will live in urban slums.6
• More than 260 million people were affected by climate-related disasters
annually from 2000 to 2004, over 98%of them in the developing world.7
Source: 12008 UNDP, 22009 FAO, 32006 WHO / UNICEF, 42009 UNAIDS, 52009 UNICEF
62001 UN HABITAT 72007/2008 UNDP
Today’s humanitarian challenges • On average, one person out of 19 in a developing country will be hit by a climate-related disaster, compared to one out of 1,500 in an OECD country.8 • There are about 200 million international migrants worldwide. Around 15% – 20% are irregular migrants, a group with high underlying vulnerability. 9 • In 2008, 16 major armed conflicts were active in 15 locations around the world.10 • Food crisis, economic crisis, financial crisis, energetic crisis… Source: 82007/2008 UNDP, 92006 UNFPA & Plan & Budget 2009–2010 Migration 102009 SIPRI
Increased vulnerability is reflected in current disaster trends
700.000.000
Affected in disasters 1900 - 2005
600.000.000
500.000.000
400.000.000
300.000.000
200.000.000
100.000.000
0
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
Volcano Earthquake Slide Wave, surge Flood
Wind storm Extreme Temperature Wild fire Drought Famine
Insect Infestation Epidemic Misc. Accident Industrial Accident Transport Accident
Factors of vulnerability are reflected in current disaster trends Water and weather- related disasters represent the majority of RC/RC responses.
Current disaster trends: View of experts
Key drivers of vulnerability, according to
the HFP survey of agency staff.
Source: Humanitarian Futures Programme, Survey, 2007
CAN THE WORLD RESPOND TO THESE CHALLENGES ONLY WITH INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCES?
The International Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement
International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC), founded in 1863.
186 National Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies worldwide
International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies (IFRC), founded in 1919. CB -
OD
Timeline
1859 – 1863 – 1919 – 1949 – 2009 –
Henry Dunant International League The 4 Geneva 150th
witnesses the Committee for of Red Cross Conventions anniversary of
aftermath of Relief of the Societies were adopted the birth of the
the Battle of Wounded (later (renamed covering idea of which led
Solferino in ICRC) formed; IFRC in 1991) wounded and to the creation
northern Italy. National founded in Paris sick, prisoners of of the
Committees to improve public war and civilians Movement since
for Relief of health following in enemy the Battle of
Wounded Soldiers the First World territories. Solferino, 90th
established, War. anniversary of
the 1st the IFRC, 60th
International anniversary of
Conference held. the Geneva
Conventions.The emblems
Red Cross Red Crescent Red Crystal
since 1863 used since 1876 since 2005
These are protective and indicative emblems enshrined
in the Geneva Conventions.The Fundamental Principles of the
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
Humanity
Impartiality
Neutrality
Independence
Voluntary service
Unity
UniversalityNational Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies • Volunteer-based with strong roots in local communities. Local Branches. National Societies count tens of millions of volunteers. • Auxiliaries to the public authorities in their countries in humanitarian matters, preserving the RC independence. • Each National Society provides services, which may include: • Disaster preparedness, response and recovery • Climate change adaptation • Economic development- livelihood • Restoring family links • Disaster risk reduction. Resilience • First aid training • Emergency shelter, food and medicine • Advocacy • Community-based health and care • Water and sanitation • Migrant and refugee services • Promotion of practical application of the Fundamental Principles.IHL • Integration of disadvantaged people into their communities
Response Disaster Levels – From the local to global
“Humanitarian continuum”
National Regional Global
Local Branches National Societies Movement
network Network Coordination
Training of staff Training of staff FACT
and volunteers and volunteers
DREF
Community Regional Disaster
Disaster response Response Teams ERU
Teams (CDRT) and (RDRT) DMIS
NDRT.
Regional relief
Appeals
Local relief resources (RLU)
resources Logistic
Regional
Local capacities capacitiesLocal reach for global impact RC Emergencies: • From 2004 to 2009, more than 277.8 million people were supported by almost 300,000 Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers, through 2,468 disaster response operations. • In 2009, more than 36,000 volunteers responded to 384 emergencies, reaching almost 45 million people. Source: DMIS
Local reach for global impact
Programmes:
• In Europe, more than 3.5 million people receive trainings in first aid every year.1
• Since 2002, as a direct result of net distributions, more than 300,000 malaria
deaths have been averted while 18.2 million people have been protected against
malaria.1
• In 2009, more than 17 million people were reached by HIV prevention messages,
and nearly 300,000 people living with HIV received psychosocial support from 70
National Societies, mobilizing a total of 34 million Swiss francs.2
• In 2010 in Tanzania, Haiti and Chile, more than 300,000 people have been given
access to safe water, and received promotional messages on sanitation and
hygiene emergency situations. The Movement maintains a water and sanitation
emergency surge capacity capable of immediately serving more than 400,000
people.3
Source: 1The winning formula to beat malaria – 2nd edition 2
IFRC facts and figures 2008-
2009
3
IFRC facts and figures 2008-2009Largest humanitarian network in the world • Acts before, during and after disasters and crisis at the community level in non-conflict situations. ICRC in conflicts. • Relief operations are combined with development work, disaster risk reduction, health and care, and promotion of humanitarian values including IHL. • IFRC Works to support local and national capacities (DMC-CB-OD…) of its 186 member National Societies. IDWARC • Focuses the attention and action of decision-makers and opinion leaders on the needs of people and communities.
IDWARC - Capacity Building.
Goal:
Main Goal: Improve the Response capacity of the West
Africa RC/RC National Societies, to better implement their
Humanitarian mandate on benefit of most vulnerable
people.THREE MAIN COMPONENTS A)Institutional reinforcement of NS. Training, Equipment, Volunteer management, branch rehabilitations, branch reconstruction, staff, overheads, etc B) Contingency planning DMC: Training and creation of “Regional Disaster Response Teams (RDRT)”, “National Disaster Response Teams (NDRT)” y “Community Disaster Response teams (CDRT)” and emergency stocks C) Development of finance and administration departments and procedures among ANS in the region Training, HR Management procedures, audit, etc..
National Societies
IDWARC EVALUATION Some IDWARC pictures…
IDWARC EVALUATION Mauritania: Project LOGFRAME Training
IDWARC EVALUATION Morocco: Mobile Health Posts
IDWARC EVALUATION Morocco: Relief Stock. Component B
IDWARC EVALUATION
Morocco: Distribution in Floods 08-09
Component BIDWARC EVALUATION Senegal: Local committee rehabilitated
IDWARC EVALUATION Mali: IT Equipment
IDWARC EVALUATION Guinea Bissau: Vehicle and Rehabilitation HQ
IDWARC EVALUATION Guinea Bissau: Computer Training
IDWARC EVALUATION Níger: Local committee rehabilitated
IDWARC EVALUATION Cap Vert: Local Branch in Maio
IDWARC EVALUATION Gambia: New vehicles
Working in an increasingly competitive and complex
environment
• Increasing number/diversity of actors
(military, private sector…)
• Humanitarian values less evident:
neutrality and impartiality
• Increasing role played by the media
and global communications
• Increasing unilateralism
• Local humanitarian NGO’s lacks
support from Int. donors.
• Professionalising the sector (Spanish
Royal Decree. Aid worker statute).
• Employment “versus” volunteeringWorking in an increasingly competitive and complex
environment
…result in…
• Humanitarian workers more insecure.
• More demanding levels of coordination (e.g. clusters)
• Greater requirements for quality, professionalism, coherence and
accountability (hence more need to manage expectations)
• More sophisticated conceptual understanding of disaster
management, and human resources management.
• More challenging fundraising environmentFINALLY • The world is changing very rapidly, “humanitarian community” should change too. • The disasters are more and are affecting more people today than in the past. • Mass Media provide a rapid information, but many times plenty of topics and myths. • The investment in Disaster risk reduction and disaster preparedness at community level is minimal comparing with disaster response. • “Think globally, act locally before a disaster happen”. • The international image of international organizations is over estimated, masking a truth, the role of local humanitarian staff. • Tendencies: Climate change, conflicts. Growth population in 2050 will double.
FINALLY
• The “normal” people, not necessarily seconded by an organisation
are the first to respond.
• The local capacity is in many times underestimated.
• Local donors, local solidarity is out of the media in donor
countries. International mass media are focused in their expats
and national organisations.
http://www.youtube.com/user/ifrc#p/c/8CD23028A59D4074/32/iRSgth
MPV4gInternational Cooperation Plan
Thank you for
your attentionHumanity
Imparciality
Neutrality
Independence
Voluntary Service
Unity
Universality
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