SECOND DATA FORUM ON HARMONISATION AND USES OF EUROPEAN LFS MICRODATA - Zenodo
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SECOND DATA FORUM ON HARMONISATION AND USES OF EUROPEAN LFS MICRODATA Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics (CED) 5-7 February 2020 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 730998
Abstract These proceedings summarise the goals and acivities of the Second Data Forum on Harmonisation and Uses of European Microdata. The Data Forum was organised by the Center for Demographic Studies and took place in the city of Barcelona between the 5th and 7th of February 2020. The main goal of the Data Forum was to discuss and explore the feasibility of harmonising the EU-LFS into the IPUMS/IEPM database in order to achieve harmonised microdata for cross-national and cross-time study of poverty, work, and living conditions. In total, 33 persons participated in the Data Forum, 20 of which making individual presentations. Participants came fom European statistical offices, international organistions and academia. IPUMS/IEPM team presented advances in the harmonisation of European LFS microdata. International organisations presented their efforts in harmonising and gathering data and several examples of collaboration among them. Researchers presented ongoing research on the comparative use of LFS microdata. Finally, statistical offices made short presentations on the characteristics of LFS microdata and their data access and dissemination policies. The Data Forum was extremely useful to confirm the need for further harmonisation of LFS microdata and for better acces. LFS data was shown to be extremely valuable for research, in particular for cross-national research. This report constitutes Deliverable D6.2, for Work Package 6 of the InGRID-2 project. March 2020 © 2020, Barcelona – InGRID-2, Integrating Research Infrastructure for European expertise on Inclusive Growth from data to policy – project number 730998 General contact: inclusive.growth@kuleuven.be p.a. InGRID HIVA - Research Institute for Work and Society Parkstraat 47 box 5300, 3000 LEUVEN, Belgium For more information aesteve@ced.uab.cat Please refer to this publication as follows: Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics (2020), Second Data Forum on Harmonisation and Uses of European LFS Microdata, Deliverable nº D6.2, Leuven, InGRID-2 project 730998 – H2020 Information may be quoted provided the source is stated accurately and clearly. This publication is also available via http://www.inclusivegrowth.eu This publication is part of the InGRID-2 project, this project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 730998. The information and views set out in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Contents Second Data Forum on Harmonisation and Uses of European LFS Microdata 4 Where and when? 4 1.1.1 General information 4 1.1.2 Main goal of the event 4 1.1.3 The event within the InGRID-2 project 5 Who and what? 6 1.2.1 Curriculum/programme: detailed information on structure and content of curriculum/programme of the event 6 1.2.2 Short report on the event 8 Conclusions/next steps 9 Quality and evaluation 10 1.4.1 Dissemination activities 10 1.4.2 Selection criteria and procedure (participants) 10 1.4.3 Event organisation 10 1.4.4 Comments/evaluation of the event by the participants 11 Participants list 11 3
Second Data Forum on Harmonisation and Uses of European LFS Microdata Where and when? Type of event Data Forum Organising partner(s) CED Date 5-7 February 2020 Main responsible partner CED Location/venue Hotel ‘H10 Casanova’ Date call launched NA City Barcelona Deadline for applications NA Country Spain N° applicants NA Number of days Two days and one night N° participants 33 N° speakers 20 1.1.1 General information The Second Data Forum on Harmonisation and Uses of European LFS Microdata brought together 33 repre- sentatives from European Statistical Institutes, international organisations and researchers with experience in comparative data methods and issues. Participants discussed applications of harmo- nised microdata for cross-national and cross-temporal study of poverty, work, and living conditions. The event was a continuation of the discussions held during the First Data Forum, which was held in Barcelona in 2018, and included updates from IPUMS/IEPM regarding progress towards the har- monisation and integration of microdata from the Labour Force Surveys into the existing harmonised census database. The event consisted of six sessions and twenty presentations, alternating between sessions of data users and data producers. 1.1.2 Main goal of the event The main goal of the Second Data Forum was to discuss and explore the feasibility of harmonising the EU-LFS into IPUMS to ease access to harmonised microdata for cross-national and temporal research on poverty, work, and living. So that, the specific goals of the forum were: - to report progress regarding the harmonisation of European LFS microdata into the IPUMS/IEPM platform; - to bring together representatives from European Statistical Institutes and researchers with expe- rience in using EU-LFS microdata to discuss the value of integrated and harmonised microdata for comparative studies. The forum was also an opportunity to request the collaboration of the European National Statistics Offices. The IPUMS/IEPM suggested several possibilities of entrusting the data: - Eurostat versions of the surveys from the member state statistical office; - national versions directly from the member state statistical office; - Eurostat versions from Eurostat instructed by the corresponding member state statistical office. 4
This initiative aims to complement the conventional, whole-file dissemination with a twenty-first century system offering: 1. open access interactive metadata; 2. restricted access harmonised microdata via be-spoke, pooled extracts - for selected countries, years, variables, and even subpopulations - tailored precisely to the needs of each individual researcher or research team. The IPUMS/IEPM initiative extends the highly successful Census Microdata Series, currently encompassing 98 countries, with a worldwide Labour Force/Household Series piloted for five coun- tries: India, Italy, Nigeria, Spain, and the USA. We expect to create regional labour force data collections for other world regions using IPUMS principles, which would make it easier for researchers to do truly world-spanning research. From the start, European researchers may take advantage of the IPUMS-CPS database that harmonises the U.S. employment survey. We could add variables to make those data even more easily interoperable with the European collection. 1.1.3 The event within the InGRID-2 project The Data Forum was organised as part of Task 1 in Work Package 6 of the InGRID-2 project focused on data integration and harmonisation. The event was planned to bring together represent- atives from European Statistical Institutes and researchers with experience in comparative data meth- ods and issues to continue discussing applications of harmonised microdata for cross-national and cross-time study of poverty, work, and living conditions. The future availability of harmonised LFS data to the research community will become a reality in the next years. The data forum allowed: - to strengthen the network, created in the previous Data Forum (2018), between data producers and main data users (e.g. OECD, WHO, ILO, World Bank); - to expand IPUMS/IEPM’s contacts with more national statistical institutes and international organisations willing to collaborate. As reported in the first Data Forum, despite the initial focus of the forum was to organise two meetings on innovative possibilities and solutions to use census data in living conditions and working conditions research, the organisation decided in 2018 to include EU-LFS into the discussion because several tasks in different InGRID’s work packages use this type of microdata. These tasks are: - Task 5 in WP9 is expected to explore the feasibility of developing methodological innovations for exploring regional poverty and inequality dynamics in small areas where the auxiliary variables are coming from LFS, rather than from Census data; - Task 3 in WP10 for creating a system of indicators to understand the influence of demographic factors on unemployment, poverty and material deprivation combining information from EU-LFS and EU-SILC; - Task 3 in WP11 where the EU-LFS will also be the main data source for harmonising and inte- grating data on vulnerable groups and on working conditions and employment relations. 5
Who and what? 1.2.1 Curriculum/programme: detailed information on structure and content of curriculum/programme of the event The Data Forum consisted of five sessions of four presentations each, and one of two, alternating between sessions of data users and data producers The final version of the programme with links to the presentations and pictures is available on the project website: http://www.inclusivegrowth.eu/data-forums/data-forum---ced---6-7-february-2020 1.2.1.1 Short description of each session There were 6 sessions and 20 presentations in total. Each presentation consisted of 15-20 minutes followed by questions by the other participants. All presentations are available on the project website: http://www.inclusivegrowth.eu/data-forums/data-forum---ced---6-7-february-2020 The first session focused on the ongoing projects regarding the harmonisations of LFS microdata, and the representatives from CED, InGRID and IPUMS presented the objectives of the data forum and their organisations about the session theme. There were four sessions devoted to researchers from universities and international organisations. In these sessions, several examples of research involving comparative uses of LFS microdata were presented, showing the value of potential of these data for this type of comparative analysis. There was one session entirely devoted to presentations from national statistical institutes’ repre- sentatives. They presented their experiences collecting censuses and LFS data and the particularities of data collection and dissemination, as well the availability of LFS for each country. 1.2.1.2 Short bio lectures/speakers The Data Forum was organised by the Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics (CED) and actively supported by IPUMS, the project led by the Minnesota Population Center. The participants of the Data Forum came from different institutions, including European Statistical Institutes, international agencies (OECD, WHO, ILO, World Bank) and research centres. Researchers and members of international agencies were invited to present and discuss their methodologies for LFS and the challenges and the possibilities for cross-national research based on this European Microdata, as well demonstrate the value of integrated and harmonised microdata for comparative studies in a RI. Representatives of the National Statistical Offices offered an update about their protocols and procedures on LFS, in particular, about the preparation of a scientific use microdata and how to entrust LFS and Census microdata into IEPM/IPUMS, a Social Sciences Research Infrastructure. The representatives of IPUMS approached the harmonisation of EU Micro- data. Find bellow a complete list of participants in the event including a brief biography: - National Statistical Organisations: - Harry Bierings is a Senior LFS Data Analyst working at Statistics Netherlands (CBS); - Ivona Bodlalová is a Senior Specialist on LFS at the Labour and Education Statistics Depart- ment of the Social Statistics and Demography Directorate at Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (SO SR); - Núria Bové & Rosario Pelàez are Senior Data Analysts at Business and Employment Area of the General Sub-directorate of Production and Coordination at Statistical Institute of Catalonia (Idescat); - Judit Dobszayné is a Senior Statistician at the Employment Statistics Section of the Quality of Life Statistics Department at Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO); 6
- Yuliya Hryken is the Deputy Head of the Labour Statistics Department at National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus (BELSTAT); - Federica Pintaldi is a Scientist Researcher at the Integrated Work, Education and Training System Service of the Central Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare at Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat); - Martynas Stasiukynas is a Senior Specialist at Living Standard and Employment Statistics Division of the Statistics Lithuania; - Bethany Strong is a Senior Data Analyst of the Labour Force Survey, Annual Population Survey & DART at the Social Survey Division of the Office for National Statistics (UK); - Hanna Strzelecka is the Deputy Director of the Labour Market Department at Statistics Poland (GUS); - Sónia Torres is a Senior Specialist at Department of Demographic and Social Statistics of the Statistics Portugal; - international agencies: - Khassoum Diallo is the Coordinator of the Data Management, Evidence and Knowledge of the Department of Health Workforce in the World Health Organisation's Universal Health Coverage and Health Cluster; - Fabrice Murtin is a senior economist at Statistics Directorate of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). His research focuses on the long-term dynamics of economic development and on labour market issues; - Yves Perardel is a Senior Statistician at Department of Statistics of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). He is in charge of microdata processing, the standardisation of labour market variables, and dissemination of comparable statistics; - Huanjun Zhang is a Data Scientist at The World Bank to design and is in charge of the harmo- nisation of industry and occupation variables from local classifications to international standards; - researchers: - Caroline Berghammer, from the Vienna Institute of Demography and Department of Sociol- ogy, University of Vienna, works on fertility behaviour and the reconciliation betwee work and family; - Milan Bouchet-Valat is a researcher at Institut national d’études démographiques (INED) and the Quantitative Sociology Laboratory (LSQ-CREST). He studies social stratification and inequality; - André Grow is a research scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR). He studies the changing importance of women's labour market position for union formation; - Stephanie Steinmetz is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Amsterdam. Her research interests are social stratification, gender and educational inequalities, and compara- tive labour market conditions; - Alessandra Trimarchi is a team member of the Research Unit on Fertility, Families and Couples at Institut National d’Études Démographiques (INED). He is working on parental education, family structure and children's educational outcomes; - IPUMS-International (Minnesota Population Center): - Lara Cleveland is a Senior Research Scientist at Minnesota Population Center and at the Insti- tute for Social Research and Data Innovation. She directs the IPUMS International census and survey data project, and overseeing data integration and metadata development for the project; - Kristen Jeffers is a Senior Data Analyst for IPUMS International working on variable harmoni- sation and improving accessibility of census and survey microdata for policy-making; - Matthew Sobek is a Research Scientist and Data Science Services Director at the IPUMS Center for Data Integration (University of Minnesota); - InGRID Project: 7
- Monique Ramioul is the Coordinator of the InGRID Project and Head of the Subdivision Work, Organisation and Social Dialogue at the Research Institute for Work and Society (HIVA)- KU Leuven; - Centre d’Estudies Demogràfics: - Teresa Antònia Cusidó is a Project Manager & Knowledge Transfer officer at the Center for Demographic Studies; - Albert Esteve is CED’s Director and principal investigator of the Integrated European Popula- tion Microdata (IEPM). His research interests lie in the area of family and household demogra- phy; - Joan García-Román is a researcher and senior statistician at CED. He is an expert in variable harmonisation, data documentation, and data quality and comparability; - Alba Lanau is an applied quantitative researcher with an interest in multidimensional poverty and the early stages of the life course; - Antonio López-Gay is a researcher who conducts studies on the territorial patterns of residential mobility and the sociodemographic transformation of urban areas; - Mariona Lozano is a researcher conducting a demographic analysis of the contribution of female labour activity to the sustainability of the Spanish public pension system; - Iñaki Permanyer is a senior researcher working on the measurement of socio-economic phenomena, including gender inequality, poverty, well-being, human development, economic inequality and socio-economic polarisation; - Elisenda Renteria is a researcher. Her research interests lie in the area of socioeconomic disparitites in health and general demography; - Anna Turu is a statistician working on data processing, visualisation, and documentation. 1.2.2 Short report on the event The II Data Forum on Harmonisation and Uses of European LFS Microdata took place in the city of Barce- lona on 5-7 February 2020. It was organised by the Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics (CED) in collab- oration with IPUMS International (University of Minnesota). The Data Forum was sponsored by the InGRID2 project, Integrating research infrastructure for European expertise on inclusive growth from data to policy, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Agree- ment no. 730998). The meeting brought together representatives from European National Statistical Institutes, inter- national agencies and researchers with strong experience in cross-national comparative data to discuss innovation and solutions to integrate labour force survey microdata for the study of poverty, work, and living conditions. The attendance was 33 people, including 11 representatives from the National Statistical Offices, 4 delegates from the international agencies, 5 researchers, the 3 higher people in charge of IPUMS, the InGRID Project Manager, the Director and 6 researchers from the organising institution (CED), and 2 staff people. There were 20 presentations distributed into 6 sessions. In the first session, we presented the InGRID project to the participants and the highlights of recent InGRID project achievements. We also presented the IPUMS research infrastructure, the interface and progress since the last meeting on European LFS data integration. The researchers and the delegates from the agencies had the leading role in the second, third, fourth and sixth sessions. These sessions were focused on cross-national research based on European LFS Microdata. The fifth session consisted of presentations by representatives of the National Statistical Offices about their national LFS and the entrusting of LFS microdata into IEPM/IPUMS. 8
During the meeting, several social activities were held. Researches were invited to share their expe- riences with other participants through coffee breaks, two lunches and two social dinners. In addition, two short and walking tours near the city centre were organised. Conclusions/next steps The main conclusion from the participants at the Second Data Forum on harmonisation and uses of European LFS Microdata was that the researchers and international agencies would very much welcome the idea of adding labour force and household surveys into IPUMS/IEPM. There was a widespread consen- sus regarding the idea of having a unique and harmonised repository of LFS microdata at a global scale. The harmonisation of LFS microdata over census was seen as an advantage for the following reasons: - surveys include greater economic detail than is found in decennial censuses, along with information on such topics as fertility, disabilities, education, and religion; - focus on surveys that have a hierarchical structure similar to census microdata; - household surveys, taken at frequent intervals, are a valuable and timely complement to censuses taken once a decade; - the high frequency of survey observations opens new analytic strategies that exploit natural experi- ments to assess the impact of policy changes and environmental shocks. Therefore, the challenges ahead will be: - an examination, country by country, of the exact microdata available with the corresponding ques- tionnaires, codebooks and sampling details; - a comparison between Eurostat’s variable availability and the availability in the original samples; 9
- the authorisation of European countries to harmonise scientific use files into a common platform with a twenty-first century system offering; - the collaboration and support of Eurostat. Quality and evaluation 1.4.1 Dissemination activities Each announcement regarding the celebration of the data forum was made available through the InGRID-2 website, where links to the programme, financial and practical information for participants were provided. In parallel, the (monthly) InGRID-2 newsflash also reported about the event. In addition, the call was made available to the following other channels: - the Center for Demographic Studies website; - the Center for Demographic Studies Newsletter. 1.4.2 Selection criteria and procedure (participants) 1.4.2.1 On invitation Participation in the event was by invitation only. Several scholars approached the organisation to participate. Some of them were invited on the basis of securing their own funding. In the end, none of them participated. The initial spread of the coronavirus had a small effect on the organisation. Only one person decided not attend for this reason but she was able to give the talk online. 1.4.2.2 Additional procedure, requirements to participate and selection criteria Participants in the data forum were selected because of their strong experience in the use of EU-LFS microdata from a cross-national perspective. Representatives from national statistical institutes were responsible or members of the departments of the LFS at a national level. 1.4.3 Event organisation The Data Forum was organised by the Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics (CED). The location of the workshop was at H10 Casanova, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 559, 08011 Barcelona, Spain. (https://www.h10hotels.com/es/hoteles-barcelona/h10-casanova) Albert Esteve was the main organiser. The administrative and technical staff was composed by Teresa Antònia Cusidó and Joan García. There have been two changes in comparison to the DoW, the first one was about the topic and the second one about the timing of the event: 1. the initial focus area of the data forum was the integration and harmonisation of censuses micro- data. However, the organisation decided to include EU-LFS into the discussion because several tasks in different InGRID’s work packages will use these microdata; 2. the first Data Forum that was initially scheduled for October 2017 but finally took place in Jan- uary 2018. For that reason, we decided to delay few months the second Data Forum. 10
1.4.4 Comments/evaluation of the event by the participants No form has been made. However, many participants have sent us emails thanking us for the invita- tion and organisation of the meeting. All NSIs present in the workshop agreed to explore the options to participate in the IPUMS/IEPM initiative to harmonise LFS microdata. Participants list Participant Institution Country Caroline Berghammer Vienna Institute of Demography / Austrian Academy of Sciences Austria (VID / ÖAW) Harry Bierings Statistics Netherlands (CBS) The Netherlands Ivona Bodlalová Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (SO SR) Slovak Republic Milan Bouchet-Valat Institut national d’études démographiques (INED) France Núria Bové Ferré Statistical Institute of Catalonia (Idescat) Spain Lara Cleveland IPUMS Center for Data Integration USA Teresa Antònia Cusidó Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) Spain Khassoum Diallo World Health Organisation (WHO) Switzerland Judit Dobszayné Hennel Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO) Hungary Albert Esteve Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) Spain Joan García-Román Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) Spain André Grow Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR) Germany Yuliya Hryken National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus Republic of Belarus (BELSTAT) Kristen Jeffers IPUMS Center for Data Integration USA Alba Lanau Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) Spain Antonio López-Gay Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) Spain Fabrice Murtin Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) France Rosario Peláez Muñoz Statistical Institute of Catalonia (Idescat) Spain Yves Perardel International Labour Organisation (ILO) Switzerland Iñaki Permanyer Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) Spain Federica Pintaldi Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) Italy Monique Ramioul HIVA - Research Institute for Work and Society (KU Leuven) Belgium Elisenda Rentería Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) Spain Matthew Sobek IPUMS Center for Data Integration USA Martynas Stasiukynas Statistics Lithuania Republic of Lithuania Stephanie Steinmetz Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA) The Netherlands Bethany Strong Office for National Statistics United Kingdom Hanna Strzelecka Statistics Poland Poland Sónia Torres Statistics Portugal Portugal Alessandra Trimarchi Institut national d'études démographiques (INED) France Anna Turu Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) Spain Huanjun Zhang World Bank Group USA 11
InGRID-2 Integrating Research Infrastructure for European expertise on Inclusive Growth from data to policy Referring to the increasingly challenging EU2020-ambitions of Inclusive Growth, the objectives of the InGRID-2 project are to advance the integration and innovation of distributed social sciences research infrastructures (RI) on ‘poverty, living conditions and social policies’ as well as on ‘working conditions, vulnerability and labour policies’. InGRID-2 will extend transnational on-site and virtual access, organise mutual learning and discussions of innovations, and improve data services and facilities of comparative research. The focus areas are (a) integrated and harmonised data, (b) links between policy and practice, and (c) indicator-building tools. Lead users are social scientist involved in comparative research to provide new evidence for European policy innovations. Key science actors and their stakeholders are coupled in the consortium to provide expert services to users of comparative research infrastructures by investing in collaborative efforts to better integrate micro-data, identify new ways of collecting data, establish and improve harmonised classification tools, extend available policy databases, optimise statistical quality, and set-up microsimulation environments and indicator-building tools as important means of valorisation. Helping scientists to enhance their expertise from data to policy is the advanced mission of InGRID-2. A new research portal will be the gateway to this European science infrastructure. This project is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 730998. More detailed information is available on the website: www.inclusivegrowth.eu Co-ordinator Monique Ramioul InGRID-2 Partners Partners TÁRKI Social Research Institute Inc. (HU) Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies – AIAS, University of Amsterdam (NL) Integrating Research Infrastructure for TÁRKI Social Swedish Reseach Institute Institute for Social Inc. (HU) Research - SOFI, Stockholm University (SE) European expertise on Inclusive Growth from Economic and Social Statistics Department, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies Trier University (DE) – AIAS, University of Amsterdam (NL) data to policy Contract N° 730998 Centre for Demographic Studies – CED, University Autonoma of Barcelona (ES) Swedish Institute for Social Research - SOFI, Stockholm Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research – LISER (LU) University (SE) For further information about the InGRID-2 Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy – CSB, project, please contact Economic and Social Statistics Department, Trier University University of Antwerp (BE) (DE) inclusive.growth@kuleuven.be Institute for Social and Economic Research - ISER, University of Essex (UK) www.inclusivegrowth.eu Centre Germanfor Demographic Institute StudiesResearch for Economic – CED, University – DIW (DE) Autonoma of Barcelona (ES) p/a HIVA – Research Institute Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research National Centre for Employment and Work Studies – CEET, – LISER Conservatory (LU) of Arts and Crafts (FR) for Work and Society Centre for European Policy Studies – CEPS (BE) Parkstraat 47 box 5300 Herman Department Deleeck Centre forand of Economics Social Policy – CSB, Management, University University of Antwerp of Pisa (IT) (BE) 3000 Leuven Department of Social Statistics and Demography – SOTON, University of Southampton (UK) Belgium Institute for Social and Economic Research - ISER, University of Essex (UK) Luxembourg Income Study – LIS, asbl (LU) German School ofInstitute for Economic Social Sciences, Research University – DIW (DE)(UK) of Manchester Central European Labour Studies Institute – CELSI (SK) Centre for Employment and Work Studies – CEET, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (FR) Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences (GR) Centre Central for European Institute Policy Protection for Labour Studies – CEPS (BE) – CIOP, National Research Institute (PL) Department of Economics and Management University of Pisa (IT) Copyright © Integrating Research Infrastructure for European expertise on Inclusive Growth from data to policy – InGRID-2 project All rights reserved. No part of the report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, and may not be quoated or cited, without prior permission in writing from the Project Co-ordinator. The views expressed during the execution of the InGRID-2 project, in whatever form and or by whatever medium, are the sole responsibility of the authors. The European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
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