SARS-COV-2 ET GROSSESSE ÉTAT DES CONNAISSANCES - WWW.INFECTIONS-GROSSESSE.COM
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Covid-19 Modes de transmission Gouttelettes Gouttelettes Mains Contacts rapprochés ≤ 1m de distance ≥ 15 minutes Mains + si toux/éternuement Porte d’entrée : muqueuses du visage : nez, bouche, yeux Virus présent dans les liquides biologiques : sécrétions respiratoires, selles, urines. Environnement proche du patient peut être contaminé, mais virus ne survit peu de temps sur les surfaces => Rôle des mains +++ Dr Vauloup-Fellous, Hôpital Paul Brousse
Table 2: Maternal and obstetrical characteristics according to maternal evolution No ICU hospitalization ICU hospitalization p n=90 n=10 Age, years (median [range]) 33.2 [18.4 – 46.8] 33.6 [25.6 – 42.1] 0.89 Gestity (median [range]) 2.5 [1 - 11] 3.5 [1 - 9] 0.28 Parity (median [range]) 1 [0 - 7] 2 [0 - 4] 0.37 BMI, kg/m2 (median [range]) 26.2 [17.4 – 49.3] 30.7 [25.7 – 41.8] 0.003 History of preexisting - Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 7 (8) 0 (0) 1 - Chronic high blood pressure, n (%) 5 (6) 1 (10) 0.48 - Tobacco use, n (%) 2 (2) 0 (0) 1 - Asthma, n (%) 7 (8) 2 (20) 0.22 Gestational age at diagnosis, WG (median 31.3 [14.0 – 41.3] 28.5 [23.7 – 40.7] 0.78 [range])
Meta analyse sept 2020 non-pregnant women of reproductive age with covid-19
FLOW DIAGRAM OF CHOG MATERNITY PROTOCOL DURING THE SARS-COV-2 EPIDEMIC *Toutes les patientes présentant de la fièvre à l’admission ont eu une sérologie DENGUE ( Ag NS1)
SARS-CoV-2 Infected SARS-CoV-2 Non infected parturient P- parturient (n = 137) (n =370) Value Medical condition before pregnancy Chronic hypertension 2 (1.4%) 6 (1.6%) 1* Diabetes 0 (0.0%) 5 (1.35%) 0.33* Asthma 0 (0.0%) 7 (1.8%) 0.19* Cardiovascular disease 1 (0.72%) 2 (0.5%) 1* Homozygote drepanocytosis 2 (1.4 %) 2 (0.5%) 0.29* Anemia 5 (3.6%) 7 (1.8%) 0.32* Co-morbidities during pregnancy Dichorionic twins 0 (0.0%) 5 (1.4%) 0.3 Preeclampsia /hypertension during pregnancy 15 (10.9%) 31 (8.3%) 0.47 Anemia 11 (8.0%) 39 (10.5%) 0.5 Small-for-Gestational-Age fetus/fetal growth restriction 3 (2.1%) 6 (1.6%) 0.7* Premature labor 7 (5.1%) 16 (4.3%) 0.89 Gestational diabetes 13 (9.4%) 30 (8.1%) 0.75 Co infection Dengue infection 1 (0.7%) 2 (0.5%) 1* Table 1. Comparison of Maternal baseline characteristics and pregnancy co-morbidities between the groups of SARS-CoV-2 Infected and non-infected Hepatitis B chronic pregnant women 6 (4.3 %) 5 (1.3%) 0.07* Syphilis 3 (2.1 %) 2 (0.5%) 0.12* HIV 0 (0.0%) 5 (1.3%) 0.3*
SARS-CoV-2 Infected Non infected Pregnant Relative Risks [95%CI] P value Pregnant women women Outcomes of pregnancy n =137 n = 370 (5 twin pregnancies) Alive neonates > 25wg 127 (92.7%) 364 (98.4%) 0.9 [0.9 – 1.0] 0.0012 Extremely preterm infants (22-23+6WG) 0 (0.0%) 6 (1.6%) 0.17 (live births followed by a neonatal death) Intrauterine fetal death (19- 35 WG) 7 (5.1%) * 4 (1.1%) 4.7 [1.4 – 15.9] 0.0057 Termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormalities 3 (2.2%) 1 (0.3%) 0.06 Table 2. Comparison of obstetrical, maternal and fetal outcomes between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected and non-infected pregnant women admitted for delivery. * PCR SARS-CoV-2 placentaires réalisées sur 5 cas, sont négatives. RÉSULTATS Hcini et al., Eur J Obstet Gynecol, In Press
SARS-CoV-2 Infected Non infected Pregnant Relative Risks [95%CI] P value Pregnant women women Obstetric Outcomes, pregnancy ≥25WG n=127 n= 359 (5 twin pregnancies) Meconium-stained amniotic Fluid 8 (6.3%) 30 (8.4%) 0.58 Fever during labor 7 (5.5%) 9 (2.5%) 0.17 Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns 23 (18.1%) 53 (14.8%) 0.45 Spontaneous preterm delivery < 37+0 weeks 11 (8.7%) 36 (10.0%) 0.78 Spontaneous preterm delivery < 34+0 weeks 1 (0.8%) 9 (2.6%) 0.4 Medically indicated preterm birth < 34+0 weeks 0 (0.0%) 3 (0.8%) 0.57 Normal vaginal delivery 101 (79.5%) 271 (75.4%) 0.42 Cesarean delivery during labor 13 (10.2%) 44 (12.3%) 0.65 Postpartum hemorrhage > 500 cc 18 (14.2%) 26 (7.2%) 2.0 [1.1 - 3.4] 0.0193 Transfusion after hemorrhage 7 (5.5%) 4 (1.1%) 4.9 [1.5 – 16.6] 0.004 Readmission 4 (3.1%) 0 (0.0%) 0.004 Table 2. Comparison of obstetrical, maternal and fetal outcomes between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected and non-infected pregnant women admitted for delivery. RÉSULTATS
SARS-CoV-2 Infected Non infected Pregnant Relative Risks [95%CI] P value Pregnant women women Maternal complications (n=137) n =137 n = 370 (5 twin pregnancies) Intensive care unit admission 5 (3.6%) 3 (0.8%) 4.5 [1.1-18.6] 0.0227 Intensive care unit admission directly related to COVID 19 3 (2.2%) - - - Oxygen support (nasal or non-invasive ventilation) related 3 (2.2%) - - - to COVID 19 Re hospitalization related to COVID 19 4 (2.9%) - - - Endotracheal intubation for complication of COVID 19 0 (0.0%) - - - Maternal death 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) - - Table 2. Comparison of obstetrical, maternal and fetal outcomes between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected and non-infected pregnant women admitted for delivery. RÉSULTATS
Sars-CoV-2 et pré éclampsie? Fedirici et al. BMJCR 2020 Morel O. et al. EJOG 2020
Différents mécanismes de transmission placentaire a) Infection cellules placentaires et libération de virions dans la circulation fœtale b) Transcytose de virus libre ou opsonisé c) Transport via une cellule sanguine infectée Egloff et al., J clin Virol 2020
Transmission materno fœtale? Possible mais très rare Plus si atteinte maternelle grave Alzamora et al., AM J Perinatol, 2020 Vivanti, Vauloup-Fellous et al., Nature Com, In press Attention: atteinte placentaire n’est pas forcement atteinte fœtale Algarroba et al., AJOG 2020; Peinfield et al, AJOG 2020
Conclusion TMF Transmission possible mais RARE Limite des données actuelles : Infection 3e trimestre, délai infection-accouchement de quelques jours. Recul avec le début de l’épidémie pour éventuelles lésions/malformations fœtales ? Aucune étude sur infection 1er et 2e trimestre (2 cas publiés d’infection au 1er trimestre avec PLA négative au 2e trimestre). Risque de FCS/MFIU/RCIU tels que pour SARS-CoV-1 et MERS-CoV ?
Aspects thérapeutiques: anticoagulation+++ MAJ Dec 2020
Quelles thérapeutiques? Aucun traitement spécifique avec haut niveau de preuve Femmes enceintes exclues des essais thérapeutiques Prescription compassionnelle? MAIS ANTICOAGULATION +++++ Pas de CI CTC de maturation fœtale TT Symptomatique Remdesivir +/- Dexamethasone pour patients O2 requérants de médecine et de réa
PAS DE DONNEES SUR REMDESIVIR ET GROSSESSE Louchet et al. AJOG 2020
Vaccination AUCUNE donnée chez femme enceinte
Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 : vrai défi y compris pour la femme enceinte Risque maternel avéré+++ Organisation Prises en Charge MTE PE HPP Données évolutives +++++ Ce qui est vrai ce jour ne le sera peut être pas demain! La Pythie, l’oracle de Delphes
Liens Utiles http://www.cngof.fr/actualites/707-covid-19-femme-enceinte http://www.cfef.org/moteur_article.php https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-et-infections- respiratoires/infection-a-coronavirus/articles/infection-au-nouveau-coronavirus-sars-cov-2-covid-19-france-et-monde https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 https://geodes.santepubliquefrance.fr/#c=indicator&f=0&i=covid_hospit.dc&s=2020-03- 31&t=a01&view=map2 https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html?fbclid=IwAR150- wZcRPm29rKS4GqB6hbyV3wby5fqi0K8luxVxOyKc7npoF212JGV3I#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 https://www.infections-grossesse.com/
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