RESILIENT SEOUL A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
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RESILIENT
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
SEOUL
2019 RESILIENT SEOUL | A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Smart Safe City for All, Seoul
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
3 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 1 Photo by An Yeon-soo
CONTENTS
01 Introduction 04
02 Executive Summary 08
03 What is Urban Resilience? 10
04 Introducing Seoul 12
05 Seoul in Context 18
06 Seoul’s History of Disasters 20
07 Journey Towards Resilient Seoul 22
08 100RC Network 36
09 Goal 1 Governance- Resilience through Collaboration 38
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Program 1. Safety Governance
Program 2. Smart Safety Net
Program 3. Climate Change Response System
Program 4. Proactive Management for Aging Infrastructure
Program 5. Safer Neighborhoods
10 Goal 2 Community- Stronger and Connected Community 66
Program 6. Connected Neighborhood for the Vulnerable
Program 7. Stable and Affordable Housing for All
Program 8. Childbirth and Childcare Service
Program 9. Innovative Solutions in Community
11 Goal 3 Inclusive Growth- Prosperous Seoul for All 80
Program 10. Youth Welfare and Jobs
Program 11. Employment Opportunities for the Elderly
Program 12. Microbusiness and the Self-employed
Program 13. Respect for Labor
Program 14. Expansion of Social Economy
12 What’s Next? 104
13 Acknowledgements 106
2 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 3
01 MAYOR'S
MESSAGE
Park Won Soon
Mayor of Seoul
More than half of the world’s population resides in natural and social disasters and foster the capacity to
urban areas. Not limited to just people, major infra- recover quickly in times of crisis. In 2013, Seoul took
structure, including the economy, culture, transporta- part in the Making Cities Resilient campaign of the
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
tion, education, and health, are also densely located UNISDR. Also, we have been building resilience strat-
in cities. Thus, strategic disaster risk reduction and egies since 2016, and the Deputy Mayor of Safety
response measures to adverse events are imperative. Management was designated as the Chief Resilience
Due to the impacts of climate change, the character- Officer of Seoul when Seoul was announced as one
istics of disasters have become more uncertain and of the 100 Resilience Cities pioneered by the Rocke-
extensive in scale. More than any other time in histo- feller Foundation. Now we proudly present Resilient
ry, we need a paradigm shift in disaster preparedness. Seoul, which was built through extensive discussions
with Seoulites and global partnership with cities
The Sendai Framework, adopted at the Third UN around the world.
World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, recog-
nizes the need for improved understanding of disas- Resilient Seoul will prepare all Seoulites for urban
ter risk, the strengthening of disaster risk governance, challenges and ensure they have a safe and thriv-
and the mobilization of risk-sensitive investment as a ing city in the years ahead. To achieve this, both the
way of reducing disaster risk, and articulates regional public and private must cooperate in responding to
resilience and enhancing support for the vulnerable. potential threats, and integrated communities need
to protect our vulnerable neighbors. Inclusive growth
Seoul is a leading city that has addressed various ur- will ensure that every individual will prosper from eco-
ban problems stemming from rapid industrialization nomic development.
and urbanization. Yet, we still encounter safety chal-
lenges from climate change and aging infrastructure. Resilient Seoul is only the beginning. Seoul’s blueprint
is to take a giant leap toward the future. For only by
Placing citizens’ safety at the heart of our policy, Seoul striving together can we achieve a beautiful, energet-
is committed to building resilience that can prevent ic, and resilient city for our citizens.
4 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 5
100RC'S CRO'S
MESSAGE MESSAGE
Michael Berkowitz Kim Hak-Jin
President, 100 Resilient Cities Chief Resilience Officer, Seoul
Deputy Mayor of Safety Management
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
On behalf of the 100 Resilient Cities organization, This holistic approach to resilience builds on Seoul’s Modern society has experienced rapid urbanization, change are bringing new urban challenges such
I wanted to offer congratulations to the City of tradition of innovating progressive solutions to make where politics, economy, community, and culture as earthquakes and particulate matter.
Seoul, my good friend Mayor Park, and Chief Resil- the city more livable, healthier and safer. Solutions are centered on the urban area. A city with ongoing
ience Officer Kim Hak-Jin on the release of the City’s like Seoullo 7017 – a brilliant way to repurpose out- urbanization is redefined by technology-dependen- With low fertility rates and an aging population,
first Urban Resilience Strategy. dated infrastructure gave Seoul back a green heart cy and systemic complexity, not least by anonymity economic productivity is on the decline, and yet,
and created a place that brings people together. and rampant individualism. promoting social safety nets to lift vulnerable
Seoul approached this work with the noble desire This visionary strategy includes something for all groups—including children and the elderly—out
to make the city safer and to keep its citizens out of of Seoul. Drawing on expertise and opportunities Just like other metropolises around the globe, Seoul of poverty has become our priority.
harm’s way. But as the Resilience and Safety office from all corners of the city government, it lays out endures the threats and vulnerabilities of modern
moved through the strategy process, collaborated protections for vulnerable workers, makes the city society. The roads, subways, power lines, water sup- In light of undertaking the urban challenges we
with municipal bodies, consulted with communi- safer for women and mothers, creates opportuni- ply, and drainage system are tightly intertwined to face, Resilient Seoul was developed through the
ties and partnered with institutions; they came to ty for those over 50, and gives all citizens a louder sustain the lives of 640,000 buildings across Seoul, 100RC partnership, a process that involved Seou-
a more comprehensive view of what it meant to voice with which to speak to the city government in which ten million Seoulites live together. lites, experts, city government staff members, and
make the city safe. No longer were they focused about their needs. private organizations.
on solely on physical safety but on economic safety, However, the possibility of large and small acci-
on social safety, on health, welfare, inclusivity and With this roadmap of tangible actions, Seoul is dents and disasters is the other side of the conven- It is my pleasure to thank 100 Resilient Cities, as
connectivity. This document lays out a vision for a poised to become a world leader in urban resilience. ient “always-on, always-connected” culture. Seeing well as the 100RC Singapore regional office, for
Smart, Safe City for All that seeks to enhance gov- Seoul will carry the urban resilience movement for- marvelous development during its industrialization, guiding us in our evolutionary step toward Resil-
ernance, restore community and promote inclusive ward with a continued commitment to teaching its Seoul is now endowed with the tasks to address the ient Seoul.
growth. Through this vision, your great city has em- neighbors as well as learning from them. As Seoul side effects of rapid urbanization.
braced resilience as the key to a safe and secure takes on the challenging work of bringing this vi- As Chief Resilience Officer, I look forward to see-
future for all Seoulites. sion to life, I invite you all to join the movement and The dangerous condition of Seoul’s aging infra- ing Seoul become a more flexible, inclusive city
be a part of making this city a smart, safe, welcom- structure sheds much-needed light on the potential well-prepared against disasters to build resilience
ing home for all. threat of disasters, and globalization and climate now and in the future.
6 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 7
02 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Resilient Seoul was derived from a question: “What are the ways we can en-
sure the physical, social, and economic stability and safety of our city and its
citizens?” The bold initiative we are about to present will answer the inquiry by
articulating challenges that are becoming more intertwined and complicated to
solve within the City of Seoul, home of ten million Seoulites.
This strategy was constructed through a different approach from Seoul’s existing
policies. Accompanied by 100 Resilience Cities (100RC), pioneered by the Rock-
efeller Foundation, Resilient Seoul is the culmination of work with cities around
the globe that have similar urban challenges and best practices for overcoming
the problems. Resilient Seoul lays the groundwork for collective action, giving a
voice to diverse stakeholders—across city departments, private organizations,
and citizens—throughout the entire process. The value in building resilience was
our utmost priority, from which the challenges of the city, the diagnoses, as well
as solutions were strategized accordingly.
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Seoul has accomplished economic development unprecedented in world history,
yet the current situation we face does not look good. The economy has entered
a new slowdown, and changes in the natural and social environment are escalat-
ing new conflicts within the city.
The shocks and stresses that Seoul is faced with range from economic concerns
such as a recession or spiking unemployment rates to the record-high fine dust
level that recently struck people.
We hope to see a Seoul in which all Seoulites will thrive and be safe from di-
verse urban threats. Recognizing the importance of public-private partnerships
in tackling newly emerging challenges, the city is committed to working across
all departments and partners. We will also pursue system-wide efforts to restore
the community spirit, leaving no Seoulite behind by building more connected
neighborhoods. To ensure that this happens, equitable and sustainable economic
growth must be encouraged as resilient Seoul brings prosperity to its people.
Oil Tank Culture Park
Once abandoned Oil Depot Base was reborn as an environment-friendly cultural facility.
8 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 9
Vision- Smart Safe City for All, Seoul
GOAL 1 Program 1
Safety Governance
Program 2
Smart Safety Net
Program 3
Climate Change Response
System
Program 4
Proactive Management for
Aging Infrastructure
Program 5
Safer Neighborhoods
Governance:
Resilience through Improve safety information and Create a big-data driven smart Mitigate greenhouse gas Forecast aging infrastructure Promote crime prevention
early response system safe city emissions and integrate safety manage- through environmental design
Collaboration Streamline report system for a better disas- The smart technology based Data Center Reach the target of the Paris Agreement
ment system (CPTED)
ter responsiveness using smart technology. and Big-data Storage for the public data to lower greenhouse gas emissions and Separately managed underground facil- Lower the cost in addressing social prob-
Direction will enhance citizens’ access to the inte- transform into a hub of green energy. ities will be controlled by the City and eval- lems and provide residents more access in
Risk recognition Expand citizen-led safety grated city data. uated through a big-data analysis. discussing local challenges.
Proactive management platform Reduce fine dust
Cleaner air Build smart CCTV network for Strengthen real-time monitoring Build safer neighborhoods for
Integrated solutions Place citizens at the core in facilitating the safety of civilians Secure Seoulites’ right to breathe clean system for infrastructure women
safety-related policies and budgeting air under the three principles: mitigation,
process, and continuously monitor the AI-embedded CCTVs will be directly incor- public health, governance Facilities will be linked to the Real-time Design initiatives to end violence against
Challenge follow-up management. porated with the Smart Seoul CCTV Safety Monitoring Center to enhance the disaster women and create safer environment for
Lack of understanding of risks
Siloed approaches
Center to prevent and detect all types of preparedness in times of crisis. women.
Embracing new technologies crimes and disasters 24/7.
Program 6
Connected Neighborhood for
the Vulnerable
Program 7
Stable Housing for the
Vulnerable
Program 8
Childbirth and Childcare
Service
Program 9
Innovative Solutions in
Community
GOAL 2
Community:
Strengthen social safety net in Expand housing support for the Expand public preschools Operate “Local Labs” to foster Stronger and Connected
all neighborhoods vulnerable populations innovative solutions
Increase social responsibility and em- Community
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Any policy blind spot will be eliminated by Affordable and safe housing will be provid- phasize the role of nurturing infants and Discuss regional problems in partnership
fostering care service led by residents for ed to encourage independence and social children who most need the care services with residents, civil servants, experts,
our vulnerable neighbors who are at the integration of the housing marginalized. within each district. and regional businesses and draw joint Direction
heart of welfare service. solutions. No more policy blind spots
Enable citizen-customized Broaden childbirth and child- Community integration
Warm caring city for the vulnerable
housing welfare care support Boost PPPs for the sharing Social cohesion
economy
Marginalized neighborhoods will benefit Implement social and structural supports
from the housing regeneration project led before, during, and after childbirth and Diverge from public-focused sharing Challenge
by resident-community. facilitate services for low-income and policies towards private-involved sharing Demographic and family structural changes
high-risks mothers and infants to address culture to boost partnerships among Inter-generational conflicts
low-fertility crisis. various stakeholders. Disconnected communities
GOAL 3 Program 10
Youth Welfare and Jobs
Program 11
Employment Opportunities
for the Elderly
Program 12
Microbusiness and the
Self-employed
Program 13
Respect for Labor
Program 14
Expansion of Social Economy
Inclusive Growth:
Prosperous Seoul for All Realize Seoul-specific youth Expand more opportunities for Widen the social safety net for Guarantee the rights of vulnera- Support Social Enterprises and
welfare system the Elderly microbusinesses ble workers Cooperatives
Direction Strengthen welfare system specifically for
For the middle-aged and elderly who are Microbusinesses will enjoy sustainable Create a labor environment where all Expand the scope of Social Impact Bond
Resilient growth the resilience of youth. already retired but still willing to con- business environment. workers’ efforts will be paid off. project and promote youth participation
Inclusive and equitable city tribute to the economy, reemployment to social issues.
More opportunities for the vulnerable Develop New Deal Job to create options will be available. Encourage using Zero-Pay
private job opportunities
Reduced commission fees for all affiliated
Challenge Connect youth and excellent enterprises
Disparity
stores of Zero-Pay will lower burdens for
for high-quality job opportunities. the consumers and the stores.
Unfair employment opportunities
10 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 11
03 What is Urban
Resilience?
The core challenge from the urban resilience context can be explained in two
categories. First is the problem that arises persistently and affects the citizens for
the longer-term; for example, economic downturns, unemployment, and demo-
graphic changes such as low fertility and aging. Challenges that continue over a
long period of time are defined as chronic stresses.
On the other hand, sharp events that are sudden and unexpected, including nat-
ural disasters -storms, heavy rainfalls, heat waves, earthquakes, and fires- and the
collapse of infrastructure facilities are referred to as acute shocks.
The impact of these shocks and stresses range from causing inconveniences to
threatening lives. The implications may cast a dim outlook on not just individual
citizens but to communities and even the City in its entirety. The priority and se-
verity of shocks and stresses can be perceived differently depending on the condi-
tions of the city and its people. Once thought to affect certain groups of people,
fine dust has now become a critical determinant of our health and survival.
Urban resilience is the capability of all entities within a city, including individuals,
communities, institutions, and businesses, to survive, adapt, and grow no matter
what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience. In a resilient city,
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
all the entities can quickly go back to the normal condition or even be better in
the face of challenges. Its level of resilience determines how the city can with-
stand and emerge stronger from the impact of the crises.
By investing in initiatives and projects that anticipate, respond, and recover the
risks of damage caused by the physical, social, and economic problem, a city builds
its resilience, and its competitiveness is enhanced. Furthermore, a forward-looking
and integrated decision of the city will provide a tremendous amount of benefit
to its people.
Progress A Resilient
City
Path of
Development
충격 또는 스트레스
Shock or Stress
Time
Seoul Botanic Park
The first urban-style botanic garden of Seoul.
12 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 13
What is Urban resilience?
100 Resilient Cities (100RC), founded by the Rockefeller challenges and opportunities. Within the framework, the
Foundation, launched a project to help cities around the essential system of a city consists of four dimensions which
world become more resilient to the physical, social, and are identified by 12 drivers and 50 dimensions across the
economic challenges. Over the course of six years since areas of 1) Health and Wellbeing for livelihoods of people
2013, one-hundred cities around the world have been se- 2) Economy and Society to foster prosperity and growth,
lected to address shocks and stresses by building up their 3) Infrastructure and Environment that provides reliable
resilience. In 2016, Seoul was announced as one of the mobility and critical services, and 4) Leadership and Strat-
global 100 cities and has been developing its Resilience egy for effective decision making among a broad range of
Strategy since then. stakeholders. Therefore, it is noticeable that shocks and
stresses are not limited to just physical disasters but also
The City Resilience Framework (CRF), developed by Arup a myriad of matters from individuals’ mental stability to
and The Rockefeller Foundation, provides a methodology social cohesion, and even economic concerns within the
to understand the complexity of a city and confront the community where citizens interact with each other.
City Strategies and Plans Shelter
Sectoral Plans Energy
Water
Food
Education Fair Labor Policy
Communication Between Skills and Training
the Government and Public Livelihood Opportunities
Term & Meets B
Long-
Knowledge Transfer Development and Innovation
asic N
Appropriate Monitoring
osters d Planning eed Access to Business Investment and
F ate s Su
ange Integr pp
Social Welfare
R o
d
rB oa lders Em rts Li
p
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
ho lo
ve en
Sta a
ategy Hea
of wers
lih t
ke
Str
ym
lth
oo
o
men Emp
ds
& &
&
Cross-sector Access to Public
p
Effective Ma ership &
Communication Healthcare and
W
t
hi
Strong Leadership Emergency Services
Ensu Services
Hea
ell
ers
nage
Evidenced-based Medical Practitioners
ad
bei
lth
The City
re Pub
Lead
Decision-Making and Plans
Promotes Le
ng
Resilience Framework
lic
provides 12 drivers
Infrastr
Communicat
unities
esive &
necessary for
Provides & Mobi
y
ciet
a city’s resilience.
Comm
Eng motes Coh
Multimodal Transport Collective Identity
System Inclusive Local Cultural
uct
ion
Relia lity
So
Public Transportation Heritage
aged
ure
ble
Information and Social Networks
&
Pro
&
Communication
En y
Networks viro o m
sti y,
co n
Ens Criti
Ju ilit
Contingency nme E
& l Stab
ure cal
nt
ce
Information System on
sC
t c
ia
Se inuit So
rvi y o sures rity
ces f
Provi En ecu
des & m ic S
&M Enha cono
anm nces Natural Fosters E rity
Enhance Natural and Deterrents to Crime
Man-made Resources ade Ass
ets Prospe Fair and Transparent Policing
Flood Risk Management Enforcement of Laws
Contingency Plans
Ecosystem Management
Environmental Policy Diverse Revenue Streams
Protective Natural and Business Investment
Man-made Assets Regional Economy
Contingency Plans
Deoksugung Palace
One of five royal palaces remained in Seoul. The name means “Palace of virtue and longevity.”
14 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 15
04 Introducing Seoul
Located in the central part of the Korean Peninsula where the Han River flows, Seoul has
served as the capital for over 600 years and boasts a rich culture and fascinating history of
more than 2000 years. As the most populous city of Korea, with an area of 605 square kilo-
meters and an estimated population of more than ten million residents, Seoul is strategically
positioned along the Han River and surrounded by a mountainous landscape.
As a rising global city, located in the center of Northeast
Asia near Tokyo, Beijing, Hong Kong, and Singapore, Seoul
is one of the most thriving cities in the world – over the past
six decades, its population quintupled and its GDP increased
by 330 times. Its unprecedented economic growth under-
lined its emergence from the ashes of the Korean War and
its transformation into the world’s 4th largest metropolitan
economy in 2014.
Referred to as a source of growth and a financial hub, Seoul
was ranked 15th in the list of “Overall 2025 City Competi-
tiveness” by the Economist Intelligent Unit in 2013. For the
six consecutive years, Seoul ranked sixth in the Global Pow-
er City Index since 2012.
As a magnet of opportunity for businesses and finance,
Seoul produced 22% of Korea’s GDP as of 2014, and its
economy is considered diversified and robust. Seoul is the
hotspot of international gatherings to bring individuals from
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
around the world, encouraging their participation.
the 1986 10th
Asian Games
the 1988 24th
Seoul Olympics
the 2002 17th
FIFA World Cup
the 2010 5th G20
Seoul Summit
Gyeongbokgung Palace
The first and the largest of the royal palaces built during the Joseon Dynasty.
16 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 1705 Seoul in Context
RESILIENT SEOUL
7. General Index
(2013 → 2017)
Statistics of Seoul (as of 2017)
● Medical care facility for every 100,000 people:
155.2 → 169.3 units
1. Population ● Public childcare center: 867 → 1,691 units
Non-Koreans
267,153 ● Public rental housing rate
Population
10,124,579
6.1% 7.3%
Koreans
9,857,426
● Jobs created: 246,074 → 344,991
2. Population Density ● Public library: 134 → 155 units
16,728 people per ㎢
● Foreign visitors:
9.85million people → 10.51million people
3. Area ● Women registered for Safety Scout service
605.23 ㎢ 31,587 → 322,704
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
(25 districts, 467 community centers)
● Area of public sports facility per 1 citizen: 1.25㎡ → 1.36㎡
● Share of social welfare budget
4. Median age: 41.6 years
( youth↓, elderly↑) 6.285 trillion KRW
8.735 trillion KRW
5. Employment Status
54% 8. Income per capita
60.2% 4.5% Female Labor 20,814,000 KRW (2016)
Employment Unemployment Force
Participation
9. Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)
357 trillion KRW
6. Average life expectancy
male
80.1
female
85.8 10. Production of renewable energy:
years years
238,239 TOE (2013) →
316,806 TOE (2016)
18 | Resilient
RESILIENTSEOUL
SEOUL | | 19
1906 Seoul’s History of
Disasters
90s
Oct. 1994 Collapse of Seongsu Bridge
32 deaths
Dec. 1994 Ah-Hyeon gas explosion
Inattentiveness
Jun. 1995 Collapse of Sampoong Department Store
502 deaths
After 2000
Sept. 2010 Flooding in Gwanghwamun
Unprecedented flood caused by heavy rainfall
Jul. 2011 Landslides on Mt. Woo-myun
Climate change-induced disaster → 16 deaths, 50 injured
(112mm of rainfall, max. 447mm per day)
Feb. 2014 Suicide of a family in poverty
A mother and her two daughters suffering from financial hardships
committed suicide
May 2015 MERS outbreak
38 deaths, 186 infected (fatality rate: 20%)
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Feb. 2016 Corrosion of tendons in the Jeongneungcheon Overpass
New types accident from aging bridges
May 2016 Murder at Gangnam Station
Misogynistic violence, mental disorder problem, vulnerability of unisex
public bathrooms
May 2016 Death of subway workers at Guui Station
Outsourcing of dangerous tasks
Jan. 2018 Arson at a motel in Jongno
6 deaths, 4 injured
Nov. 2018 Collapse of KT Communications network
Network access temporarily paralyzed
Dec. 2018 Ruptured underground heat pipe in Mok-dong
Aging infrastructure; leakage caused by corrosion, leaving 1,822 house-
holds without heat or hot water
After 2010 Sunken road
Since 2010, due to aging underground facility, a total of 4,865 cases of
sunken roads occurred until 2016
Lonely deaths
Increase in lonely deaths among single-person households
Feb. 2019 Fine dust level reaching the “worst”
Fine dust levels soar to “Worst” level for 7 consecutive days
11 days(2015) →13 days(2016) →20 days(2017)
Scorching heatwaves
Heatwave caused record deaths
20 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 2107 Journey Towards
Resilient Planning
Development Process
Resilient Seoul Pre-Strategy 6month 2016.05
After being selected as a part of the 100 Resilient Cities by the
Rockefeller Foundation in 2016, Seoul has embarked on de-
veloping the Seoul Resilience Strategy. Out of diverse shocks Phase I
Diagnosis
13month 2016.12
and stresses that Seoul is faced with, selecting major areas
through resilience lens was not an easy task. We needed a
chief of staff to control this project across a variety of depart-
ments within the Seoul Metropolitan Government. According
to the 100RC’s operation tools, Seoul designated the Chief Phase II
Strategy 18month 2018.03
Resilience Officer (CRO) who would lead the Seoul Resilience Development
Team to assemble multiple stakeholders to lead the city’s re-
silience efforts.
The stakeholders in the city network are essential assets that
Phase III 2019.09
invigorate Seoul’s resilience. In line with the resilience efforts, 1~10Year
Implementation
we organized the Resilience Steering Committee to guide us
through our way towards Seoul’s resilience. Nearly all stake-
holders at every level from private organizations came togeth- The Strategy development process is set up according to the
er in cross-cutting working groups to discuss and develop 100RC guidance and the City Resilience Framework to en-
new initiatives for Resilient Seoul. Lastly, we were able to form hance a city’s ability to be resilient in the face of adversity. The
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
the Seoul Resilience Team to assist the CRO and to leverage strategy process is composed of three life cycle phases, which
our strength to chart hands-on resilience solutions for Seou- begins with the Initiation, followed by the Strategy Develop-
lites. The final decision-making authorities are the Mayor, the ment Process, and finally the implementation.
Vice-Mayor, and the CRO of Seoul. The CRO, assisted by the
Seoul Resilience Team, is responsible for decision making, re- For the Strategy Development, we diagnosed Seoul’s shocks
storing resilience, funding, and administrative work. The lay- and stresses and evaluated its strengths, weaknesses, and po-
out below presents the system for Seoul’s resilience journey. tential opportunities. Through this procedure, we were able
to draw the major challenges that we need to delve more
deeply into the resilience perspectives. The step was prepared
Citizens of Seoul in two parts.
Mayor
As a first step of the resilience building process, we identified
where Seoul stands in terms of the urban resilience. Started
Vice-Mayor I Vice-Mayor II Vice-Mayor
For Administrative For Administrative in January 2017 along with the formation of the Seoul Resil-
For Political Affairs
Affairs Affairs ience Team, this course of action took about a year until the
release of Preliminary Resilience Assessment in January 2018.
Steering
CRO Committee For Phase I, we brought together voices of Seoulites through
Citizen Forum, Foreign Citizen Forum, Civil Complaint Analy-
Seoul Resilience
100RC sis, 100RC Agenda Setting Workshop, Citizen Questionnaire
Team
Survey, Public Contest Policy Proposal, and diverse channels
to understand the background knowledge on location, envi-
Relevant Departments Experts
ronment, and history, and to analyze shocks and stresses that
Seoul faces.
22 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 2307 Resilient Planning
Development Process
Journey Towards Resilient Seoul
1_ Listening to Seoulites’ Voice
● Citizen Forum (DEC 2016) 200 safety experts, citizens. Phase II began in March 2018, for the purpose of studies were conducted in working-level meetings,
discovering Seoul’s Resilience Strategy and designing Steering Committee workshops, and advisory meet-
our Resilience Plan. Based on the outcomes of Phase ings. Through these gatherings, diagnostic questions
I, we were able to examine Seoul’s overall resilience, were identified and the areas of policy which needed
followed by a deep analysis of vulnerable areas and to be reviewed were discovered. We explored the ar-
the process of identifying Discovery Areas for Strategy eas that need our closer attention by discovering di-
Development Process of Seoul. agnostic questions and reviewing the current state of
Seoul’s policies to help us shape our vision for Resilient
After the Discovery Areas had been finalized, the Seoul. Centered on the resilience value, this process
working-level group was formed to suggest a new ap- coped with diverse areas, on which our Resilience Vi-
● Foreign Citizen Forum (DEC 2016) Seoulites including non-Korean residents.
proach for enhancing the resilience of Seoul. In-depth sion and Hierarchy were built.
● Seoul Resilience Working Level Team formed (JUN 2018)
● Consultation and Strategy developed (AUG-DEC 2018)
● Civil Complaint Analysis (2015-2016) Based on 20,000 complaints filed
● Citizen Questionnaire Survey (JAN-FEB 2017)
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
● Public Contest Policy Proposal (NOV 2016- JAN 2017)
● 100RC Agenda Setting Workshop (FEB 2017) Attended by 500 people including 100RC,
experts, civil servants, Seoulites.
● Steering Committee workshops (OCT 2018 & FEB 2019)
● PRA Report ● SOW & DA Report
(JAN 2018) (JUN 2018)
Resilient Seoul
Discovery Area
Diagnostic Report
DRAFT
Resilient Seoul
Phase II Scope of Work
Final draft
24 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 2507 Resilient Planning
Development Process
Journey Towards Resilient Seoul
2_ Identifying Seoul’s Shocks and Stresses
We identified and selected major shocks and stress- came across a wide range of urban concerns in both
es from the diagnosis in Phase I through the voices gravity and severity. Selected urgent threats that are
of civil servants, experts, and the Resilience Steering high in both risk and priority include crimes – sexual
TRAFFIC LARGE-SCALE BUILDINGS
Committee from workshops, forums, and surveys violence, robbery, violence, homicide - air pollution ACCIDENTS EPIDEMIC ““Natural
자연재해가disaster
결국 사회재난과are
ultimately linked to
attended by various stakeholders. Evaluating what and fine dust, epidemics, building collapses, fires, FLOOD&STORM DAMAGE EARTHQUAKE 연결되어 있다고 생각해요.
social challenges.”
we have heard from Seoulites allowed us to take in- subway accidents, and cyber-attacks. Seoulites are AGING INFRASTRUCTURE 자연재난은 전국적 논의이고,
사회재난에 집중했으면
-Moon
LARGE FIRES
strumental approaches to building urban resilience. more sensitive about social issues that are connect- LABOR SAFETY
Through the course of reflecting people’s ideas, we ed to their daily lives. “People
좋겠어요”take social
-11팀 문◦◦
SUNKEN ROADS CYBER SECURITY
issues very lightly as
“사람들이 사회재난을
they think 가볍게
the slight
SUBWAY SAFETY TOXIC MATERIALS 생각하는 이유
attention 중 하나가
will keep
Risk
Violence
Ground subsidence
Sexual Violence
Epidemic
FINE
LIVING ENVIRONMENT
DUST CRIME
them 신경만
자신이
때문입니다”
under쓴다면
control.
Very different
가능하다고 생각하기
from natural disas-
통제가
attitude
Robbery, homicide
ters.”
Collapse Subway Yellow dust CONSTRUCTION SITES -10팀 김◦◦
-Kim
accident Air pollution
Urban fire
▲ Diverse answers were derived from open discussions by non-Korean residents.
Toxic substance Road traffic
accident
Arson
Heat wave Energy supply
Burglary
Hazardous materials
Green tide Cyber attack Water pollution We need…
Explosion
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Earthquake
…more safety education programs for
Public transportation …more respect for cultural diversity
Elevator accidents Health service
Water supply non-Koreans
Epizootic
Food Poisoning Distribution system …to address problems caused from …broader policy to address problems
Falling
related to the homeless
Soil Pollution Aircraft
Radioactivity unisex public toilets
Bicycle accidents Soil Pollution
Amusement facilities Terrorist Attack …stricter rules applied to reckless bus driving …response measures for sexual
Drowning accidents Typhoon harassment
Electric shock Plants epidemic Government Office Building Shutdown
Climbing Ship accident …a strong clampdown on driving under
Cold wave
influence …to know whether we are safe from
Heavy snow Wildfires rising tensions with North Korea
Noxious birds & Insects
Stampede crush
Riot and Social disturbance …stronger enforcement of traffic laws
…more information in diverse languages
Draught
Lightning …safer walkways for pedestrians
Hail Landslide Flood …to say NO to motorcycles on the
Volcano
…transparent emergency information to walkways
foreigners
Severity
▲ The graph shows how people perceive types of emergency by the level of risk and importance
On February 21st, 2017, the Agenda Setting Work- urban resilience. Attendees at the workshop prior-
shop was held to welcome Mayor Park, 100RC staff, itized Seoul’s major shocks and stresses through dis-
Besides the survey, open dialogues on the urban As non-Koreans living in Seoul might have entirely civil servants, experts, relevant private organiza- cussions and consultations.
threats took place. About 20,000 civil complaints different ways of viewing issues in Seoul, a forum tions, civil society, and college students to talk about
filed through the Seoul Proposal Integrated Services for Seoulites from different countries was launched
“Eungdapso” were analyzed to prioritize risks and to identify demands that they have on the City.
inconveniences felt by Seoulites in their daily lives.
26 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 2707 Resilient Planning
Development Process
Journey Towards Resilient Seoul
2_ Identifying Seoul’s Shocks and Stresses
The first aspect that Seoulites highlighted as one of rates among youths and seniors are continuously
the major shocks is air pollution, as they are espe- rising. Most job openings are irregular positions,
cially concerned for fine dust and particulate matter. which are less paid and treated unequally than reg-
Seoulites marked air pollution not just as an acute ular workers. The participants also addressed the
shock but also as one of Seoul’s chronic stresses that income disparity between large corporations and
hamper people’s rights to breathe clean air. Follow- SMEs, as well as prevalent income inequality and
ing air pollution, pandemics, radiation exposure, the widened gap between the rich and the poor.
economic and financial crises, aging infrastructure,
crimes, earthquakes, and other aspects were also The aging populations were also listed as the major
selected as Seoul’s main shocks. In particular, air sources of stress. A young participant mentioned that
pollution, nuclear disasters and radiation exposure financially supporting one’s own parents is becoming
caused by earthquakes, and aging infrastructure are more of a burden for young generations, whereas a
all new challenges for Seoul. It is noticeable that senior attendee addressed the limited number of job
these risks are identified predominantly over con- openings for the elderly. A smaller economically ac-
ventional challenges including car accidents, fires, tive workforce means less room for growth potential,
and storms. which requires our actions. Aside from these, corrup-
tion and governmental malpractice, climate change,
As for the chronic stresses, economic challenges air pollution, and aging infrastructure were also high-
were chosen as the most critical problem. Jobless lighted as major stresses of Seoul.
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Air Pollution
shocks Epidemic
stress Radioactivity
Economic Crisis
Aging Infrastructure
Violent Crime
Earthquake
Urban Fire
Flood
Unemployment
stresses Job Insecurity
Income Disparity
Demographic Change
Climate Change
Lack of Social Safety Net
Safety Inattentiveness
Housing Insecurity
Vulnerability
28 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 2907 Resilient Planning
Development Process
Journey Towards Resilient Seoul
3_ Understanding Seoul’s Resilience Challenges
Seoul Resilience Team distinguished several chal- in the modern world; however, the level of anxiety that the efforts of the City are not fully incorporated demographic and family structural changes play a
lenges against the shocks and the stresses of Seoul about crime is distinctively high among the socially into people lives. central role in social perspectives. As social disintegration
in order to build our strengths and define the future vulnerable populations including women, children, has accelerated, more vulnerable people are pushed
of Seoul. and elderly. Advanced IT technology speeds up the Demographic & Family Structural Changes further off a cliff. Thus, actions must be drawn to restore
spread of illegal video content from spy cameras Low fertility rates, aging society, and the rise of single- local communities that aim to include all marginalized
Newly Emerging Urban Threats and crimes related to online distribution. Although person households demonstrate that Seoul is undergoing residents and to eliminate any policy blind spots.
Air quality problems represented by fine dust, possi- these challenges have been identified relatively a demographic and family structural transformation.
ble radioactivity leaks from earthquakes, and other recently, they are evaluated urgent and serious. The Though aging society alone was selected as Seoul’s major Resilience Challenges
threats caused by aging infrastructure and facilities city government and the people of Seoul have little stresses, we need to bear in mind that demographic and The approach through the resilience lens to address
have gained tractions nowadays. What these matters experience with newly emerging threats than the family structural changes are closely linked to crimes, Seoul’s shocks and stresses will allow us to see innovative
have in common is that both the city government conventional urban challenges, thus we need active suicide, and other socio-economic inequalities which solutions and opportunities. Individual problem solving
and the private sectors have little experience deal- and promising solutions for the years ahead. plague Seoul. Inter-generational tensions arise due as well as empowering citizens’ capacity will also be
ing with them, whereas they are making headlines to the gap in housing and job opportunities between achieved through this process. Based on the resilience
recently, raising public uncertainties. This calls for Addressing Economic Inequality youth and elderly. Increasingly, social disintegration is work, Seoul will continue to find ways to adapt to and
proactive measures from the central and the local Economic concerns are a major contributor to Seoul’s aggravated, and the local community is weakened. survive ever-changing urban problems in the longer-
government. Seoul’s persistent and prolonged chal- stresses, enough to compete against physical disasters. Joined by the demographic shifts and changes in the term. To approach Seoul’s obstacles in the resilience
lenges have evolved with changes in the natural and Going into detail, spiking unemployment rates, scarce family structure, these arise as a new urban dilemma. perspective, we utilized the City Resilience Framework
social environment, creating entirely new challenges. affordable housing, social polarization, and inequitable An increasing number of single woman households by 100RC to identify blind spots in Seoul’s current
social structure are problems to solve. Seoul has long and elderly single households are related to crimes policies. We overviewed Seoul’s current policy trends
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
As climate change engenders extreme weather been pushing forward diverse initiatives in discovering against women and lonely deaths, respectively. Seoul is and evaluated its resilience capacity. The chart below
conditions like heavy downpours, heat waves, cold its growth potential, creating more jobs, providing known to be a powerhouse for online interconnectivity, lists susceptible areas out of the 50 dimensions of the
waves, and temperature anomalies, more and more affordable public housing, and securing workers’ safety however, person-to-person ties have dwindled, and our CRF that need to be improved. The assessment builds
voices have been raised for climate action. In terms of net. However, economic problems being selected as neighbors have become potential assailants. If climate upon four main areas to improve that needed to be
social issues, Seoul has one of the lowest crime rates one of the major shocks and stresses of Seoul implies change is the key factor in terms of environment, addressed in defining the future of Seoul.
Change in
New Urban Economic Population and Urban Challenge Resilience Goal
Resilience scope Threats Concerns household
structures
Goal 1.
Housing Embrace and
Health empower Resilience
and Labor Policy citizens Through
Wellness Governance
Livelihood Support
Community Connection
Economy Utilize Smart
and Community Participation Technology
Society Goal 2.
Crime Prevention
Stronger &
Connected
City Assets Management Community
Infrastructure Emergency Information Care for
and System vulnerable
Environment neighbors
Government-Citizen
Communication
Risk Detection and
Report System
Leadership Address Goal 3.
and Public Awareness of
Urban Threats economic Prosperity
Strategy inequality
City Monitoring and Through
Data Management and polarization Inclusive Growth
30 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 3107 Resilient Planning
Development Process
Journey Towards Resilient Seoul
4_ Meeting Seoul’s Key Challenges
1 2 3 4
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Embracing and empowering Utilizing Smart Technology Caring for vulnerable neighbors Resolving economic ine-
citizens Smart Technology provides an efficient way of uti- within each district quality and polarization
Over the past years, policies spearheaded by the City lizing city’s resources based on the analysis of accu- Soaring housing prices have placed enormous burdens on Economic polarization has intensified signifi-
were mostly government-led, leaving out civic partic- mulated data using ICT. Smart Technology is gaining those living in underserved neighborhoods that are more likely cantly, and the benefits of economic growth
ipation and citizen empowerment. Educating people much more attention as a new tool to address urban to be exposed to unsafe housing environment. With a rising are not fairly distributed for all. Outsourcing
to swiftly respond in the face of emergency and rais- challenges and improve the well-being and quality of number of single-person households and elderly population, and subcontracting out the dangerous tasks
ing awareness for safety are the most effective way people’s lives. Seoul has been adopting and apply- and social disintegration, our social safety net has weakened. left labor workers vulnerable, creating a new
of disaster preparedness. Thus, ICT from the private ing Smart Technology faster than any other cities in Thus, the economically disadvantaged are becoming more sus- term “outsourcing of danger,” forcing labor
sectors and their capacity must be appropriately em- the world. However, a comprehensive plan to inte- ceptible to natural and social threats, indicating that welfare workers to risk their lives. More people de-
ployed in developing a forecast, warning, and report grate almost all city data beyond just public-private solutions must be embrace more citizens. To address this chal- mand to change the work culture of ‘gapjil,’
system for the clear delivery of information when a partnerships will be crucial. As managing the aging lenge, Seoul has been providing welfare that covers a wider a word describing the imperious sense of en-
disaster occurs. infrastructures and the disaster forecasting system are range of people and focuses more on each individual’s circum- titlement that authority figures feel over their
notable examples of its adoption, we will explore how stances. Not only fostering the government-led welfare system employees. Establishing a policy to create a
Smart Technology can be employed in building a more but creating vibrant neighborhoods where residents look after discrimination-free society where labor is re-
resilient future of Seoul. each other is also our goal. We seek to place the people at the spected will be needed.
center of care service so that all entities within Seoul’s neigh-
borhoods will thrive and flourish.
32 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 3307 Resilient Planning
Development Process
Journey Towards Resilient Seoul
5_ Setting Seoul’s Resilience Vision & Goal
SMART SAFE CITY FOR ALL, SEOUL
Governance
Vision
GOAL 1 Resilience through Collaboration.
New Disasters Social Issues Economic Disaster Based on the clear understanding of risk factors, we aim to provide a com-
- Large-Scale Complex Disaster - Demographic - Economic Downturn prehensive solution within a collaborative manner among various entities.
- Earthquake, Aging changes(lowfertility rate, - Unemployment, Unstable
Major Infrastructure aging society, employment
Shocks & Multiculturalism) In the past, Seoul primarily has been focusing on the aftermath response system.
- Fine Dust, Global Warming - Polarization
Stresses - Social Disintegration In terms of pre-emptiveness, a guideline for the entire process of prevention-re-
- Weakened social safety net sponse-recovery will minimize the damage and allow rapid recovery. Employing
Conventional Disaster (lonely deaths)
- Extreme Heatwaves, Cold capabilities of the private sectors and empowering citizens against emergencies
waves
to draw Seoul’s unique cooperative system are what we drive for.
- All Sorts of Crimes
Goal 1 : Govemance Goal 2 : Community Goal 3 : Inclusive growth
Goal
Resilience through
Collaboration
Stronger & Connected
Community
Prosperous Seoul for All
Community
Stronger and Connected Community
1. Safety Governance 6. Connected 10. Youth Welfare and Jobs GOAL 2
2. Smart Safety Net Neighborhood for 11. Employment We strive for a community-based system where all Seoulites who are in
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
the Vulnerable Opportunities for the
3. Climate Change special need have opportunities to receive care services.
Program Response System 7. Stable and Affordable Elderly
Housing for All 12. Microbusiness and
4. Proactive Management
8. Childbirth and the Self-Employed Along with the demographic shifts and the change in family structure, height-
for Aging Infrastructure
Childcare Service 13. Respect for Labor ened inter-generational conflicts and social isolation add to the enduring prob-
5. Safer Neighborhoods
9. Innovative Solutions 14. Expansion of Social lems to further threaten community integration. Each community within Seoul’s
in Community Economy district is a place for residents to build friendship with each other and develop a
sense of belonging across the community. By doing so, policy blind spots in gov-
ernment-led welfare initiatives can be eliminated, and sustainable social safety
net will be established. By utilizing our tools, Seoul must assert its role to become
a warm and caring city for the resilience of vulnerable citizens.
Inclusive growth
Prosperous Seoul for All
GOAL 3
All citizens have the right to benefit from economic growth and equitable
development.
The primary source of frustration in this area is unequal opportunities and ineq-
uitable growth. Thus, resilient growth must be the foundation of inclusiveness
where people thrive and prosper. With the goal of protecting vulnerable people
from urban threats, we will settle an equitable and inclusive economic system to
reinforce individuals’ resilience.
34 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 3508 100RC Network GOAL 2
Community:
Stronger and
Connected Community
Program 6
Program 7
Program 8
Program 9
Connected Neighborhood for the Vulnerable
Stable and Affordable Housing for All
Childbirth and Childcare Service
Innovative Solutions in Community
As part of the global network of 100 Resilience Cities, pioneered by the
Rockefeller Foundation, Seoul identified key strategies from the Network
cities which have close alignment with actions in this Strategy. We look
forward to continuing our links to the 100RC network and sharing best
practices for our resilient future.
BERKELEY (US)
THESSALONIKI (GREECE)
Improves the seismic safety of its most vulnerable
Converts the city car fleet and all public buses to electric and apartment buildings; weak first stories, wooden
upgrades the air quality monitoring system to reduce air pol- frame buildings.
lution and urban noise.
BOULDER (US)
GLASGOW (SCOTLAND) Develops a volunteer community preparedness program
Promotes civic participation, SURAT (INDIA) so the citizens are better equipped with a deeper capacity
and breaks down silos to bring Supports micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises by to be first responders.
stakeholders together for new organizing Expos and skills development training pro-
approaches. grams.
NEW YORK (US)
PARIS (FRANCE) Improves programs to nurture and protect all infants in New
Mobilizes digital stakeholders to TOYAMA (JAPAN) York so they thrive during their first year and beyond, Offers
BYBLOS (LEBANON) free and full-day pre-kindergarten for all New York children, and
develop a dynamic and participa- Provides employment op-
Improves the socio-economic develops a comprehensive plan for high-quality early childcare.
A Strategy
tory mapping of urban resilience portunities for elderly and
SAN FRANCISCO (US)
strategy for city
challenges. conditions of its residents.
disabled people.
Builds a neighborhood support
center to create empowered and NEW ORLEANS (US)
resilient neighborhoods in times Lowers barriers to workforce participation and provides
Urbanresilience
DAKAR (SENEGAL) of crisis. economic opportunities to increase equitable access and
Reinstates public green spaces in the livable wages.
Resilience2019
city and promotes eco-lifestyle
BANGKOK (THAILAND)
2019
Inspects BMA buildings to improve the QUITO (ECUADOR)
earthquake resistance capacity. RIO DE JANEIRO (BRAZIL) Provides safe public spaces for women
Upgrades access to safe housing to ensure residents’ basic infra- against harassment on women in public
structure such as sanitation, street lighting and adequate paving. areas.
SEMARANG (INDONESIA)
WELLINGTON (NEW ZEALAND)
Prepares the workforce for the current job market through
career centers, and provides vocational training for junior Cooperates with city’s lifelines to prioritize action in case
high school graduates. of disaster, analyzes all city infrastructure and make all
data available for citizens.
GOAL 1 Governance: Program 1
Program 2
Safety Governance
Smart Safety Net
GOAL 3 Inclusive Growth: Program 10
Program 11
Youth Welfare and Jobs
Employment Opportunities for the Elderly
Resilience through Prosperous Seoul for All
Program 3 Climate Change Response System Program 12 Microbusiness and the Self-employed
Collaboration
Program 4 Proactive Management for Aging Infrastructure Program 13 Respect for Labor
Program 5 Safer Neighborhoods Program 14 Expansion of Social Economy
36 | RESILIENT
Resilient SEOUL
SEOUL | | 37
37GOAL 1
GOVERNANCE:
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
Resilience through
Collaboration
Direction
Risk recognition
Proactive management
Cleaner air
Integrated solutions
Challenge
Lack of understanding of risks
Siloed approaches
Embracing new technologies
Outcome
All entities of Seoul will be prepared, aware of dis-
aster-related risks, and ready to cooperate
38 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 3909 Goal 1
Major Initiatives
Open Information Agora
Released total of 15 million pieces of city administrative informa-
tion for public access.
Governance: Resilience through Collaboration
The Gyeongju earthquake in 2016, the communica- tem, the SMG established the Seoul Emergency Oper- Free Wi-Fi in public buildings Citizens, visitors, and others are free to use open wifi internet service.
tions blackout from the Ahyeon fire in 2018, as well ations Center in 2002, heralding the introduction of an
as the central government issuing emergency anti-dust ICT-based 119 disaster response system.
measures for seven consecutive days in early 2019 Implemented green rooftops to save rainwater and water resourc-
showed us that newly emerging disasters will now be The following are several ongoing policies related es. Received the prestigious Energy Globe Awards and 2014 Globe
Roof garden project Forum.
our reality. On top of Seoul’s common disasters like to safety and disaster preparedness. Not only the
heat waves, cold waves, and floods, the threat of new management of physical infrastructure but also safety
types of emergencies including large-scale disasters, education and training programs are one of the ongoing Since implemented in 2009, 122,000 TOE and 355,000 tons of
earthquakes, aging infrastructure, and climate change projects of Seoul. For citizens to have access to informa- Eco-mileage system CO2 have been reduced. Received award from the Economic and
reaches every corner of our society. People are more tion in the face of adversity, transparent communication Social Council in 2013
concerned as Seoul does not have much experience of between the city government and the citizens is vital,
dealing with these new challenges and yet the impacts from which the disclosure of administrative information
Received the C40& Siemens City Climate Leadership Awards in
of these disasters can be catastrophic. Heat waves, cold to the public since 2013 began. Putting people at the Solar panel projects Green Energy in 2014
waves, and other social crimes have frequently occurred heart of our policy, we tried to empower citizens to lead
since 2017. Therefore, a comprehensive disaster man- the way in safety management and risk preparedness.
agement program is needed from public and private Regarding the climate-related crisis, Seoul leveraged our Painted the pavements leading to crosswalks in school zones in
Yellow Carpet project as yellow to guide children to avoid car accidents. Won best design
endeavors for prevention, preparedness, response, and resources to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and re-
crime prevention design prize in the Design for Asia awards in Hong Kong (2014)
recovery. duce fine dust levels to help citizens feel the resilience div-
idend of our improved environment in everyday lives. Not
The Seoul Metropolitan Government has been provid- as just a short-term plan, but for the people of the next
ing emergency text messages to enhance safety aware- generations, an eco-friendly lifestyle will be embedded in
ness of citizens and monitoring aging infrastructure the lives of Seoulites. A set of design principles applied
A Strategy for Urban Resilience 2019
in case of disasters. Having recognized the need for a to neighborhoods have discouraged crime significantly,
comprehensive and flexible emergency response sys- elevating Seoul’s reputation and bringing a new look.
The Seoul Metropolitan Government set the direction to-
wards risk recognition, comprehensive problem solving
through cooperation and pre-emptive measures for clean
air. The challenges that Seoul and its citizens face are lack
of understanding of the risks as they are relatively new,
silos across relevant departments, and adaptability of new
technologies since these new disasters are more driven
from advanced technology.
Scaling up the public-private partnership in responding
to disasters, Seoul developed five programs: to enhance
public-private partnership in disaster preparedness, build
a smart safety net, create climate change response system,
engage in proactive management for aging infrastructure,
and enable safer neighborhoods. When the policies are
put into actions, all entities of Seoul will be fully aware
of disaster-related risks, prepared, and ready to cooperate.
To accomplish our goal, Seoul will strengthen governance
structures to prevent, respond, and recover from any large-
scale disasters effectively.
40 | RESILIENT SEOUL | 41You can also read
