PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES 2021 - For Abbotsleigh students, parents and friends in the wider community
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PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES 2021 For Abbotsleigh students, parents and friends in the wider community
Contents
4 Dates
5 Extended Tuition conditions
6 Dance
Specialist Group Classes, Performance/
Competitive Groups, Dance Wellbeing
Classes, Examinable/Syllabus Classes,
Private Dance Classes/End of year
event Contacting AbbSchool
18 Dramatic arts Director of AbbSchool
Private and shared private lessons, Mr Rob Pagano MM(LeisureMgmt) AssocDipSc(RecServicing)
group lessons, term courses Phone 02 9473 7844
26 Tennis Email paganor@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au
Hot Shots programs, group lessons, AbbSchool Manager
tennis squads, private and shared Ms Pat Griffiths BA(Hons) CertIV FrontlineMgmt CertIV Bus
private coaching, competitions Phone 02 9473 7827
Email abbschool@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au
2 30 Swimming and diving
AbbSchool Supervisor Junior School
Learn to swim, squad program, diving
Phone 02 9473 7615
32 Sport Email abbschool@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au
Physio Play, artistic gymnastics, Aquatic Centre Manager
rhythmic gymnastics, badminton, Mrs Jo Wheatley BPhysEd
fencing, self defence Phone 02 9473 7830
34 Lifestyle and education Email wheatleyj@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au
Pilates, Box & Unwind, Minecraft, For specific course information, contact
Code Camp, Young Engineers, our program coordinators
Mandarin, Robotics Dance
38 Creative arts Sofie Batchelor Dip Bus, Cert IV DT+M, Cert IV TAE
Sewing studio, Art Space, ceramics Phone 0400 035 382
Email batchelors@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au
40 Holiday program
Dramatic arts
Junior activities, excursions, tennis,
Darcy Tindale BA(Prof&CreatvWrit), DipArts, ATCL(Perf),
sport, creative arts, performing arts, FTCL(Dir)
vocational and educational workshops, Phone 0408 070 755
swimming and diving Email tindaled@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au
46 Adult program Tennis
Tennis, aqua aerobics, lap swimming, Brendon Rose BA USPTR Professional, Level 2 Coach
social sport competitions Phone 0407 778 605
Email roseb@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au
Welcome to AbbSchool
Extended Tuition and ones. In particular, a new Song Writing class
Holiday Program and the return of Theatresports within the
Speech and Drama program, and several new
AbbSchool is made up of two important areas offerings within the Dance program including
within the Abbotsleigh community: Extended Afro Fusion, Circus Arts and Contortion.
Tuition and the Holiday Program. The purpose Throughout this booklet you will find a range
of AbbSchool is to encourage participation, of courses that cater to many interests,
fun and friendship through a range of including several sports, lifestyle and
exciting activities. educational courses, creative arts courses
Recent studies have shown that involvement and performing arts courses.
in extra-curricular activities can promote a The AbbSchool Adult Program offers
sense of engagement with school, which in activities such as aqua aerobics, lap
turn has a positive influence on academic swimming and private or group tennis
achievement, attendance and aspiration to lessons. In addition, we will again be offering
higher levels of education. Extra-curricular a range of programs for adults from our world
also provides students with opportunities class sporting facilities, including social
for leadership and personal growth and badminton and social netball competitions.
teaches students the value of teamwork,
The AbbSchool Holiday Program takes
competition, cooperation and individual and
place during every holiday break, offering
group responsibility. Students have found that
a vast array of activities to keep junior and
participation in these activities helped them
senior students busy and stimulated. Before 3
to de-stress, providing them with a break from
each break, a detailed course program will
the rigours of academia.
be available outlining the specific courses
AbbSchool classes provide the opportunity to for those holidays. Please contact the
meet and learn with girls from a range of age AbbSchool office via email holidayprogram@
groups and to extend friendships. Through abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au should you wish
AbbSchool, students are encouraged to to be added to the email list. Our extended
develop talents, interests, skills and hobbies hours of care from 7.30 am until 6 pm have
which can often lead to a lifetime interest and been very popular in assisting busy parents.
passion for an activity. Included in this booklet are the dates for
Following a difficult year, the importance of the 2021 Holiday Programs as well as more
extra-curricular activities on mental health information about the courses which may be
cannot be underestimated. For many students on offer during some of the holiday breaks.
these activities provide a sense of identity are Please take the time read through the range
a highlight of their school day. of activities and courses described in this
The opportunities on offer are not limited to booklet. We hope that students, parents and
girls that attend Abbotsleigh. Adult courses, friends in the wider community will take the
the Holiday Program and a selection of opportunity to enjoy our programs in 2021.
Extended Tuition courses are also available to
people within Abbotsleigh’s wider community
including parents, friends, siblings (including
boys) and people from the local community.
Rob Pagano
What is on offer in 2021? Director of AbbSchool
All the popular programs return in 2021
with the addition of some new and exciting
4
Dates
Extended tuition
Term 1 1 February to 31 March
Term 2 20 April to 19 June
Term 3 13 July to 16 September
Term 4 5 October to 27 November
Swimming and diving
Term 1 25 January to 1 April
Term 2 19 April to 26 June
Term 3 12 July to 18 September
Term 4 5 October to 18 December
Additional extended tuition dates
Senior School Drama Recital Monday 13 September
Junior School Drama Recital Tuesday 14 September
Dance Showcase Saturday 13 November
AbbSchool extended tuition
• AbbSchool tuition fees are due before the giving 24 hours’ notice; otherwise you will
beginning of each term. be charged for the lesson.
• An adjustment period in Term 1 ONLY • All lessons will begin in the week
will be in place until Friday 19 February commencing Monday 3 February 2021
to allow for enrolment changes without and in Week 1 for Terms 2, 3, and 4.
penalty. NO REFUNDS will be issued • Applications are processed strictly on
after this date, except where a medical a ‘first come first served’ basis and it
certificate has been provided. is therefore not possible to guarantee
• We encourage you to view enrolment in placement in any Extended Tuition
any Dance or Drama class as an annual program. To avoid disappointment it is
commitment, due to the performance recommended you enrol early.
goals/outcomes for most classes. In • Private lessons in Communication Skills
order to develop girls’ skills safely and and Speech and Drama are taught on
sequentially in Dance, we discourage rotational basis throughout the school
movement between styles and classes on day. Senior School girls are not permitted
a term-basis. to come out of PDHPE classes for their
Conditions private lesson.
• Students in Years 7-9 may elect to have
• Continuation from term to term is their private or shared private Tennis
assumed unless written notification lesson in PE.
is received. 5
• All Junior School students attending
• Written notification before the beginning AbbSchool activities must be collected
of term is required if lessons are to from the activity venue within 10 minutes
be cancelled. This notification can be of its completion. After this time students
emailed to abbschool@abbotsleigh.nsw. will be escorted to After School Care
edu.au. Verbal advice from a student will to ensure appropriate supervision and
not be accepted. care is provided. Parents will be charged
• The guaranteed number of lessons is 32 accordingly for the use of ASC.
per year with allowances being made for • Junior School students enrolled in
outdoor education, exams, excursions and 4.30 pm classes must attend After School
variations to the school timetable. Care until the start of class.
• Group lesson absenteeism – Please • Junior School swimming and diving
provide notification of absences from lessons will continue during camp week;
AbbSchool group classes by emailing however, there will NOT be any other
abbschool@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au AbbSchool activities.
or by ringing 9473 7827 (senior) or
9473 7615 (junior).
• Private lesson absenteeism – If your
daughter is ill and unable to attend her
private lesson, adequate notice must be
given by phoning the individual teacher
Dance Follow us on Instagram @abbschool_dance
Welcome to AbbSchool Dance! UNDER THE BIG TOP
Abbotsleigh girls K-2 NEW!
This program aims to develop confidence,
discipline and self-expression through Under the Big Top is the
movement. With opportunities for every introductory course to circus skills
kind of dancer, our classes explore including tumbling, contortion and other
coordination, musicality, team and mixed ground skills. A great addition for
partner work, performance quality and of budding gymnasts, acrobats and those
course technique and choreography. We who would love nothing more than to join
are passionate about dancer education, the circus!
providing tuition beyond just the physical, CIRCUS ARTS
by involving safe dance, critical and Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-6 NEW!
creative thinking, and body awareness Circus skills is a Primary-level
concepts across all settings. course comprising tumbling,
Please peruse our comprehensive program: contortion and other mixed ground skills.
• Specialist Group Classes Stretch, balance and hold your way to
6 incredible circus-worthy tricks and skills!
• Performance/Competitive Groups
• Dance Wellbeing Classes CONTORTION
Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
• Examinable/Syllabus Classes
Learn safe contortion techniques NEW!
• Private Dance Classes
and develop strength, flexibility
Due to the physical nature of dance and balance with this acrobatic
classes, and the performance goals/ Cirque du Soleil style class. Through
outcomes for most classes, we encourage careful exercises and developing iconic
you to view enrolment in any dance class contortion moves you will discover that you
as an annual commitment. In order to too can become incredibly bendy!
develop girls’ skills safely and sequentially,
we discourage movement between styles AFRO FUSION
and classes on a term-basis. Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
A modern fusion class combining NEW!
Specialty Group Classes African, Reggaeton, Dance Hall
and Urban styles. This high
All classes will participate in the end-of-
energy and rhythmic style will have you
year event.
developing your fitness without knowing
Our specialty dance classes are varied it thanks to its unique beats and fun
in style and pace. All sessions are led by synthesis of genres.
instructors with extensive experience in
their chosen genre; from Latin to Lyrical,
Broadway to Ballet, there’s something
for everyone!
SPARKLE AND SING LATIN
Abbotsleigh girls K-2 Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
Explore the magic of song and dance Latin-American dances are typically known
together in this theatre-inspired class that as the cha-cha, rumba, samba, salsa,
draws inspiration from classic and modern mambo and merengue. Latin dances are
musicals. Sing along and as you connect generally faster paced and showcase
lyrics, stories and plenty of sparkle with more rhythmic expression. Music may be
theatrical dance steps. traditional Latin-American or contemporary 7
popular music. More recently the Latin
SHOWTIME
style has been performed to hip hop music,
Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-6
creating what is known as Latin hip hop.
An ideal platform to extend performance
skills and style. It draws together the JAZZ
performing arts strands of singing, acting, Abbotsleigh girls Years K-2
dance and movement. The ‘Showtime’ Jazz dance represents our popular culture
class is jazz-based and incorporates and is constantly changing. Choreography
material from established musical theatre reflects the music, which is usually upbeat
works, as well as original choreography. – top 40, disco, 80s or rock.
ON BROADWAY JFH (JAZZ, FUNK, HIP HOP)
Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12 Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-12
Musical theatre is one of the major JFH is used by commercial dancers and is a
performing art forms attracting audiences stylised combination of three disciplines. In
around the world. It draws together the the style of Beyoncé, Lady Gaga and Justin
performing arts strands of singing, acting, Timberlake, JFH is expressive and unites
dance and movement. Our ‘On Broadway’ elements of each style of dance.
classes are jazz-based and incorporate
ROLL & LIMBER
material from established musical theatre
Abbotsleigh girls Years 1-2
works, as well as original choreography.
Roll & Limber is the introductory course to
acrobatics for infant students. Students
will explore the various fundamentals
of Acrobatics such as basic gymnastic HIP HOP
elements, contortion and flexibility Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-6
as well as learning how to link these Hip hop was developed on the streets
elements with dance moves in a fun by African Americans in the ’70s. It is an
and safe environment. Kindergarten informal and relaxed style of dance that is
entry by assessment only due to safe performed to hip hop and rap music with
dance practices. supple and grounded movements. Hip hop
MINI POP may also include elements of isolations,
Abbotsleigh girls Years K-2 popping and locking, crumping and break.
‘Mini Pop’ is the introductory course to hip URBAN DANCE
hop for infant dancers. Students will learn Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
the foundations of grounded movement, Urban dance is the umbrella term used to
isolations and popping, in an upbeat and describe dance choreographed to hip hop
age-appropriate setting. and R&B. Classes may include elements
of popping and locking, break, hip hop and
lyrical hip hop (a fluid, interpretive dance to
down tempo rap or R&B).
ABBOTSLEIGH GIRLS – LYRICAL
‘LEND A HAND’ VOLUNTEER Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-12
OPPORTUNITIES DANCE PROJECT Lyrical dance borrows technical elements
St Lucy’s and St Edmund’s students from classical ballet and combines this
with special needs Years 2-11 in with the freedom and eloquence of jazz
8 conjunction with Abbotsleigh girls and contemporary forms. Lyrical dance, as
Years 7-12 implied by its name, is also often tied to the
Dance Project is an integration composition of a song’s lyrics, reflecting
program closely linked with the annual its words as well as its accents and flow.
ABBOX of FUN camp. Students with Lyrical choreography is often themed
special needs are welcome to bop and around emotional despair, freedom, or
boogie with us each week inspired obstacles, creating works that are both
by all the fun and energy of camp melodic and expressive.
movement sessions.
CONTEMPORARY
Abbotsleigh students who are Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
interested in gaining teaching
Contemporary dance evolved in response
experience are encouraged to engage
to the rigid constraints of classical ballet
in support based roles within Dance
and is therefore less restrictive compared
Project classes. Students will provide
to other theatrical dance genres. It uses
assistance and build meaningful
body weight, natural and spontaneous
relationships with those who may not
movement, and personal interpretation
have the same capacity for movement
to create unique and abstract repertoire.
but love it all the same. Expressions
Contemporary dance movement is
of interest in support roles should be
fluid, often including large phrases
forwarded to dance@abbotsleigh.nsw.
of floor movement, and is generated
edu.au.
from the core of the body creating its
Volunteer hours contribute to Duke of distinguishable contractions and releases.
Edinburgh requirements. Contemporary dance may be observed
in the work of many dance companies
including the Sydney Dance Company and examination work and the commitment of
Chunky Move. multiple classes per week.
TAP Students will participate in intra-school
Abbotsleigh girls Years K-12 assessment to gauge progress.
Tap dance is a fusion of Irish dance and SHAKE & CHEER
the African shuffle. Tap can be performed Abbotsleigh girls Years K-2
to music or can be an innovative way of An energetic and upbeat class based on
creating sound percussion, as demonstrated the dance style, Pom. Dancers will learn
by the Tap Dogs. Girls will not be required teamwork, develop synchronicity and
to have tap shoes until Term 2. In Term 1 establish coordination between technical
girls can wear sandshoes or school shoes. dance steps and use of coloured pom
Correct tap shoes will assist students to poms. Abbotsleigh pom poms will be
perform steps accurately. purchased on behalf of new dancers. This
BALLET (OPEN) NON-EXAMINABLE one-off cost will be charged separately.
Abbotsleigh girls Years K-12 K-POP
Ballet is a classical dance form Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
characterised by grace and precision of K-Pop is an abbreviation for Korean Pop;
movement. Elaborate formal gestures, a category of pop music strongly featuring
steps, and poses are linked to create dance choreography in Urban and JFH
balletic routines. styles. Meet other K-Pop fans, learn full
Ballet is not only for dancers who want routines and celebrate all things K-Pop!
to be ballerinas. Ballet gives a dancer Classes will cover choreography from
presence, technical expertise to turn out your favourite groups such from BTS to 9
one’s legs, to point toes, to extend legs BlackPink and Girls’ Generation.
higher with more ease, and to dance with WIGGLE AND WRIGGLE
correct posture, resulting in less injury. Girls and boys aged 3-5
Ballet exercises build coordination and
strength, required of many contrasting Wiggle and Wriggle classes employ
styles such as jazz, theatre and ballroom. elements of dance, gymnastics, yoga and
Our open ballet program accommodates song to provide movement experiences
a variety of age groups and draws content that are fun and engaging. Lessons consist
from syllabi and classical styles (such as of freeform activities designed to build
RAD, Cecchetti and ADi). confidence, and are a gateway to building
physical and social skills in your child.
Open classes allow students to participate Children are encouraged to develop skills
in lessons without the strictures of formal through a variety of activities including
imaginative movement, props
and instruments.
INTENSIVE COURSES
Performance/Competitive
These short-format courses are
Groups
designed to provide complementary
training for dancers, in an intensive All groups will participate in the
setting. Courses may be 1-5 weeks end-of-year event.
in duration, with session details and AbbSchool Dance competitive groups
fees to be released on a term basis. perform at community and eisteddfod
Courses will run subject to numbers. events over Terms 2-3. Groups are led by
highly experienced and current instructors, SELECTIVE CLASSES
10
with intensive workshop and masterclass Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
opportunities offered to expand versatility, By way of fostering a high level of
ability and knowledge. All competitive performance quality and providing an
dancers will require a costume for enhanced level of challenge, additional
performance work, at an additional cost. performance opportunities will be available
Specialised footwear may also be required to Selective level classes in the styles of:
for some classes.
• Lyrical
Junior Company and J Crew auditions are
• Contemporary
held in Term 4 and commence training at
the beginning of the new year. Senior Crew • Latin
and Company auditions are held in early Opportunities will likely include Sydney-
Term 1. based eisteddfods and local community
Specific information about the audition events, all to proceed based on a combined
process will be available on AbbNet class effort in Semester 1.
Student and Parent Notices closer to the Entry into selective classes are via
audition period. invitation or trial only. Trials are held in
New students to Abbotsleigh can audition Weeks 2-3 of Term 1. Please indicate
in Term 1, 2021. Please contact the Dance an expression of interest to trial via the
Coordinator to express your interest. AbbSchool enrolment form or email to the
Dance Coordinator.
Please note participation in additional
performance work will require purchase
of costumes (approx $150 in cost) around
Term 2.COMP POM NB Urban class is a compulsory ‘open’
Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-12 component for all Crew members in 2021.
Pom is a fun, energetic style of dance COMPANY A
using pom poms. Although often Junior: Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-6
associated with cheerleading, this style Senior: Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
incorporates technical dance elements,
Company A is for junior and senior
with a focus on jumps, leaps, kicks and
students with a solid understanding
turns. It is characterised by clean, sharp
of the technical elements required in
and precise motions, synchronisation and
dance and who possess a natural stage
the use of interesting visual effects, such
presence. Strong technical jazz routines
as formation and level changes, use of
will be a focus for 2021, for performance at
different coloured pom poms and passing
eisteddfods and community events.
them between dancers.
Students who achieve a place in
Abbotsleigh pom poms will be purchased
Company A must be working toward body
on behalf of new dancers. This one-off
maintenance by meeting technique class
cost will be charged separately.
and stretch requirements, in conjunction
Junior and Senior Pom groups will have with company training hours.
the opportunity to compete in 2021
NB Jazz Syllabus or RAD/Open Ballet is a
AASCF (Australian All Star Cheerleading
compulsory ‘technical’ component for all
Federation) events, under Primary and
Company members in 2021.
Secondary School sections. Costumes are
required for competition work, at a cost COMPANY B
of $100-150 per girl. AASCF membership Junior: Abbotsleigh girls Years 2-6
will also be required, at a cost to Senior: Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12 11
be determined. Company B is for students who wish to
J CREW extend their dance ability in jazz and
Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-6 theatre, with a view to becoming a member
of Company A in the future. Company B
J Crew is the junior counterpart of the will compete at eisteddfods in 2021 to
Senior Crew. The Abbotsleigh J Crew will provide performance experience. There
compete at hip hop competitions and is a strict focus on technique, developing
eisteddfods in 2021. confidence, stage presence and a keen
NB Hip hop is a compulsory class for all sense of musicality and rhythm.
J Crew members in 2021. Students who achieve a place in
CREW Company B must be working toward body
Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12 maintenance by meeting technique class
Crew is a competitive dance group and stretch requirements, in conjunction
adopting elements of urban dance. A Crew with Company training hours. Company B
member need not have strong jazz or ballet students may be awarded the opportunity
technique; however, strong knowledge to reserve for Company A work based on
of Jazz, Street or Latin dance will allow exceptional commitment and developing
the student to easily recall choreography, dance ability.
further enhancing their Crew experience. NB Jazz Syllabus or RAD/Open Ballet is a
The Abbotsleigh Crew will compete at hip compulsory ‘technical’ component for all
hop competitions and eisteddfods in 2021. Company members in 2021.Dance Wellbeing Classes PRE-POINTE & POINTE CONDITIONING
Dance Wellbeing Classes are non- With a background in RAD training and
performance classes instruction, tutors of Pre-Pointe & Pointe
Conditioning are able to safely guide dancers
Dancer wellbeing is a key objective of through the journey towards and beyond
the AbbSchool Dance Program. We are basic Pointe work. A holistic approach
passionate about assisting dancers in is taken to ensure that each student is
using their body safely, minimising injury, adequately prepared for the challenges of
and improving performance through careful dancing en pointe; from postural awareness
conditioning. Our Dance Wellbeing classes and core strength, to turn-out, ankle-
are led by highly qualified professionals strength and intrinsic foot articulation.
with extensive training in Exercise & This class is compulsory for all students
Sport Science, Strength & Conditioning participating in RAD Grade 5, Grade 6,
coaching, Pilates and dance instruction. Intermediate Foundation, Intermediate and
Numbers are limited to ensure quality Advanced Foundation to prepare for pointe
instruction and tailoring of programs to the work or maintain pointe strength. It is also
individual dancer. suited to non RAD dancers working towards
Guest instruction and workshops from pointe work or an increased classical load.
leading Sydney dance physiotherapists
are arranged for Pre-Pointe & Pointe Examinable/Syllabus Classes
Conditioning students, to further educate,
NB: RAD syllabus classes will not perform
develop dance networks and assess
in the end of year event.
dancer readiness for more advanced work.
Examinable, syllabus-based classes
12 DANCE CONDITIONING are a key component of the AbbSchool
Dance Conditioning classes combine the Dance program. These provide formal
modes of Pilates and resistance training to opportunities for dancers to have their
improve athletic development of dancers training recognised by nationally and
in a safe setting. Dancers who participate internationally-recognised organisations,
in Dance Conditioning consistently should and provide invaluable and notable
expect to see gains in mobility, strength/ technical development.
muscle balance and knowledge of safe Syllabus classes are led by dance-society
stretching and warm-up practices, with certified instructors and trainers, who
flow-on effects for all levels and genres have a thorough working knowledge of the
of movement. style, society and examination process.
Written programs and hand-outs may also Our syllabus instructors hold CBTS (RAD)
be provided during Dance Conditioning certification, Cert IV in Dance Teaching
classes for students to develop a series of & Management (Jazz) and Cert IV in
complementary reference materials and Training and Assessment qualifications,
conditioning resources. which are regularly updated through
All equipment is provided for this professional development activities and
class, however we recommend dancers industry revisions.
purchase a theraband for their individual Examination classes do not participate in
use in the studio and at home. This class the end-of-year performance, but may have
is strongly recommended for Senior viewing-class opportunities throughout
Company dancers. the year.Royal Academy Of Dance (RAD) for the older ballet student (11 years up)
through to advanced level.
EXAMINABLE BALLET
An RAD-specific uniform will be required
Abbotsleigh girls Years 2–12 by each girl and closely monitored on a
The Royal Academy of Dance (RAD) weekly basis. Annual RAD examinations
syllabus is one of the most significant occur mid-year – please consider
dance education organisations in the your daughter’s schedule to this end.
world, possessing a rich history. RAD Examinations may or may not occur 13
maintains a presence across 83 countries on site at Abbotsleigh and will attract
with patronage from HM Queen Elizabeth additional costs.
II and Darcy Bussell (CBE) as President. Proposed 2021 RAD Curriculum
The internationally recognised classical Due to annual examinations around
syllabi develop and challenge fundamental May, Grade 2 – Advanced Foundation
dance technique through beautifully classes will use Term 1 for revision and
choreographed exercises. The curriculum is formal assessment preparation of their
grouped in two key classifications; ‘Graded’ 2020 grade.
and ‘Vocationally Graded’.
Grade 1
Graded
Girls Years 1-2 – must be minimum of age 7
Graded levels (Pre-Primary and Primary, to meet RAD requirements
Grade 1 to Grade 8) incorporate ballet,
free movement, and character, and are A suitable starting course for Infant
suitable for candidates from 7 years up. dancers who have studied Pre-Primary or
There is a focus on ‘feeling before form’, Primary in Dance, or other non-syllabus
with elements of freer and progressive beginner Classical classes. Those who
styles incorporated. do not yet meet age requirements may
be assessed by the RAD instructor and
Vocationally Graded Dance Coordinator for suitability or
Builds on the elements of the graded potential concurrent Primary level content.
syllabus but with greater focus on The Beginner Ballet 1 or 2 open class is a
technique, music and performance skills. compulsory 30min of training each week
Comprises six levels from Intermediate for all Grade 1 dancers.
Foundation through to Solo Seal. SuitableGrade 2 Advanced Primary Ballet Open class is a
Girls Years 1-2 – must be minimum of age 7 compulsory additional hour of training each
to meet RAD requirements week for all Grade 5 dancers. Pre-Pointe
Suitable for all dancers who studied Conditioning is compulsory for Grade 5
Grade 1 in 2020. Direct entry into Grade 2 dancers as they are working towards pointe
is possible based on assessment by the for later grade. Please note pointe approval
RAD instructor and Dance Coordinator. from a licenced physio is required for full
The Beginner Ballet 2 open class is a pointe work.
14 compulsory 30min of training each week Grade 6
for all Grade 2 dancers. Suitable for dancers who studied Grade
Grade 3 5 in 2020. Direct entry into Grade 6 is
Suitable for all dancers who studied Grade possible based on assessment by the RAD
2 in 2020. Direct entry into Grade 3 is instructor and Dance Coordinator. The
possible based on assessment by the RAD Advanced Primary Ballet or Intermediate
instructor and Dance Coordinator. The (Senior School) open class is a compulsory
Primary Ballet open class is a compulsory additional hour of training each week for
additional hour of training each week for all all Grade 6 dancers. Pre-Pointe & Pointe
Grade 3 dancers. Conditioning is compulsory for Grade 6
Grade 4 dancers.
Suitable for all dancers who studied Grade Intermediate Foundation
3 in 2020. Direct entry into Grade 4 is Intermediate Foundation is our suggested
possible based on assessment by the RAD starting point for Senior dancers. Prior
instructor and Dance Coordinator. The classical experience is recommended but
Primary or Advanced Primary Ballet open not essential. Intermediate Foundation
class is a compulsory additional hour of lessons should be viewed as the ‘syllabus’
component of a multi-class structure.
training each week for all Grade 4 dancers.
The Intermediate Open Ballet class is a
Grade 5 compulsory component for all participants.
Suitable for all dancers who studied Grade Pre-Pointe & Pointe Conditioning
4 in 2020. Direct entry into Grade 5 is is compulsory for Intermediate
possible based on assessment by the RAD Foundation dancers.
Instructor and Dance Coordinator. TheIntermediate professional dance education in Australia.
Suitable for all dancers who studied Their courses were developed in response
Intermediate Foundation in 2020. Prior to the need for a fair and competency-
classical experience is essential. Direct based dance assessment program. The
entry into the Intermediate class is ADV program encompasses not only the
possible based on assessment by the RAD technicalities of a dance style but also
instructor and Dance Coordinator. anatomy and physiology, dance history,
Intermediate lessons should be viewed nutrition, safe dance, musicality and
as the ‘syllabus’ component of a multi- stage craft.
class structure. The Advanced Open Students of Abbotsleigh use their Dance
Ballet class is a compulsory component Society syllabus technical examination
for all participants. Pointe Conditioning is results towards VET competencies
compulsory for Intermediate students to contained within the CUA Certificates in
assist with maintaining strong pointe work. Dance qualifications provided directly by 15
Advanced Foundation Australian Dance institute RTO 91600.
Suitable for all dancers who studied The certificate system is available to
Intermediate in 2020. Prior classical students from Level 3 up. Completion of
experience is essential. an annual yearly examination is required in
Intermediate lessons should be viewed order to complete certificate courses.
as the ‘syllabus’ component of a multi- There are 13 levels of the jazz syllabus. Age
class structure. The Advanced Open and experience will determine which level a
Ballet class is a compulsory component student is most suited to (all 2020 students
for all participants. Pointe Conditioning will progress to the next level in 2021).
is compulsary for Advanced Foundation Assessment
students to assist with maintaining strong Each week the teacher will record attitude
pointe work. marks, which will take into account a
student’s grooming, ability, concentration,
Australian Dance Vision (ADV) effort, uniform and classroom etiquette.
Jazz Syllabus and Australian This mark is scaled against an overall
Dance Institute (ADi) ability mark and contributes directly to the
Certificates I-IV in Dance end grade in annual assessments.
The ADV syllabus is a fair and supportive In the VETAB system, students are
examinable dance program, which assessed against a set criteria, which is
evaluates the pathway of getting to the competency based.
exam, not just the exam itself. Australian
Students beginning syllabus classes in
Dance Vision is the premier provider of
February 2021 will sit an assessment atthe end of Term 3 or beginning of Term 4. Level 4 (Cert I)
Assessments are optional and incur an Abbotsleigh girls Years 4-6
additional cost. Students younger than Level 4 is the entry level for Certificate I.
the listed age recommendations may be Students wishing to complete their
granted entry into a particular level based Certificate I must have completed their
on their dance ability and experience. Level 3 ADV examination prior to entry into
Please apply in writing to the Dance Level 4. All certificate I theory work must
Coordinator for special consideration. be completed in 12 months.
NB Jazz syllabus classes will not perform in Level 5 (previously Prelude level)
the end of year event. Abbotsleigh girls Years 5-10
Level 1 In Level 5, practical sessions will involve
Abbotsleigh girls Years 1-2 exercises challenging core strength,
In this foundation level, students are posture and alignment, along with
introduced to syllabus work via technical progressions requiring both technical and
jazz exercises and basic theoretical expressive skill. Students enrolled in Level
worksheets on history and body science. 5 will work towards their VETAB nationally
Level 1 is an ideal starting point for infant accredited Certificate II in dance that is
dancers new to the structure of syllabus completed during their Transition studies.
work or with aims of recognition for their Level 6 (Cert II)
dancing via examinations. (previously Transition level)
Level 2 Abbotsleigh girls Years 6-12
Abbotsleigh girls Years 2-3 Level 6 is the entry level of study for
16 In this class, students step into full Certificate II in Dance. It explores more
syllabus work, with strong emphasis on jazz intricate body science subjects, with
elements such as terminology, barre work, the aim of ensuring dancers are well
progressions, as well as dance history equipped with nutritional and anatomical
and body science study. This level can be information. Students wishing to complete
taken over two years to ensure students Certificate II must have completed their
have adequate grasp of both practical and Level 5 examination prior to entry into Level
theoretical elements before moving into the 6. All Certificate II theory work must be
Certificate 1 levels. completed in 12 months.
Level 3 Major 1
Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-4 Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12
This syllabus class focuses on the Major 1 is a pre-professional level. The
various elements of jazz and works on syllabus involves increased elements
improving students’ jazz technique and of student composition, solo and
theory knowledge through their studies. improvisation alongside detailed history
In this class, students work on elements and physiology theory. Students enrolled
of jazz that will assist them with working in Major 1 will work towards their VETAB
towards their VETAB nationally accredited national accredited Certificate III in Dance
Certificate I in dance that is completed that is completed in their Major 2 studies.
during their Level 4 year of studies.Major 2 (Cert III) Participation in the recital is strongly
Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12 encouraged, but optional for all solo and
Major 2 is the entry level of study for duo dancers.
Certificate III in Dance. Students wishing to
complete this course must have completed
End of year event
their Major 1 examination prior to entry into DANCE SHOWCASE 2021
Major 2. All Certificate III theory work must The Dance Showcase is a biennial event; a
be completed in 12 months. culmination of work over 2021. The Senior
Assembly Hall will be transformed into a
Private Dance Classes professional theatre with full stage lighting
NB: Solo and duo dancers will not perform and sound. Students will require a costume
in the end of year event. for each class they are in.
SOLO AND DUO LESSONS A matinée and evening show will be held
Abbotsleigh girls Years 3-12 on Saturday 13 November. Rehearsal and
photo days for Showcase will be scheduled
Students wishing to further their dance
on Saturday afternoons (23 October,
skills can apply for individual training in
30 October and 6 November).
the form of solo or duo lessons. The aim
of these lessons is to provide students Please ensure you check the Abbotsleigh
with one-on-one technical training OR parent app regularly to remain up to date
suitable choreography with which to enter on all Showcase information.
their chosen competitions, auditions
and eisteddfods. Students and teachers
collaborate on music choices and 17
choreographic style, producing a piece that
best enhances each student’s strengths
and interests.
Students and their parents will be ALL ABBOUT DANCE EXTERNAL
responsible for both entering and providing STUDIO
costumes for external events, although External students aged 3-9
teachers will be able to offer advice. A
handbook will be provided to assist with Saturdays are abuzz with our All
solo/duo objectives and performance work. ABBout Dance program. External
students have the opportunity to
Lessons will be scheduled across Thursday point, pop and plié their morning away
and Friday afternoons. Select lunchtimes within the extensive Abbotsleigh dance
and limited slots Monday-Wednesday venues, overseen by the experienced
may be agreed upon where other slots and friendly AbbSchool staff.
are already filled. Morning sessions are
not available. Ballet and jazz/JFH options are
available from beginner level through to
Solo & Duo Recital 2021 intermediate/advanced level. Combine
A solo and duo recital evening will take back to back classes to provide a
place in 2021 (likely late Term 3), on the well rounded dance experience.
Senior campus. This will be an intimate and Students will have the opportunity
supportive performance opportunity for all to perform during a low key open
performance-based solo and duo dancers. day event. No special rehearsals
Parents and friends are invited to share in or expensive costumes needed!
the recital event.Dramatic arts
Drama, prose, poetry, musical theatre, up and confidently being in control of the
playwriting, physical theatre, stage pressure of presenting a year’s work in
combat are some of the many performing one sitting.
and creative arts programs offered in All students in these programs are given
AbbSchool’s dramatic arts courses, along the opportunity to take part in a variety of
with the Trinity College London syllabus. performance opportunities.
We encourage you to view enrolment in any
Drama class as an annual commitment, Private and shared private
due to the performance goals/outcomes for lessons
most classes.
Abbotsleigh girls Years K-12
TRINITY COLLEGE LONDON Private and shared private lessons are
Communication skills, speech and drama, offered in two strands: speech and drama
Shakespeare, performing arts, musical and communication skills.
theatre and world dramatists are taught
using the internationally recognised ‘Trinity SPEECH AND DRAMA
College’ methodology. This program focuses on developing a
18 wide knowledge and appreciation for
Trinity’s assessment of ability in speech,
prose, poetry and drama. Emphasis is
spoken interaction and dramatic
placed on voice and voice production
performance offers a varied and in-depth
through activities involving breathing,
study of performance and communication.
articulation and projection. Lessons will
The program provides a structured set
include a range of strategies including
of learning outcomes designed to help
vocal exercises, theatrical games and
students develop a confident manner
performance activities.
and a full, forward and free voice. In
addition, it allows students to progress Private lessons are available for Junior
in a systematic way as their interest and School students and private or shared
aptitude for communication, speech and private lessons for Senior School students.
drama develop. All students are enrolled on a semester
basis, with 32 lessons provided each year.
Students may complete voluntary
individual or group examinations Students enrolled in private or shared
in Semester 2 to achieve Trinity private lessons, after consultation with
certification. These examinations incur an their teacher, may elect to study one of the
additional cost. options below:
Trinity exams also provide invaluable Acting
experience for class assessments and This course is designed for those students
the HSC. Performing and being examined who wish to focus entirely upon the
in front of an unknown examiner is process of drama, and includes related
important practice for working on pre-exam performance skills such as improvisation
preparation, controlling nerves, warming and mime, and the opportunity to devise19
20
and develop original scripts. It looks at able to use language with increasing ease,
character development, transition and tools confidence, subtlety and appropriateness.
used to create a full, rounded performance. Private lessons are available for Junior
Performance arts School students and private or shared
This course provides an exciting way to private lessons for Senior School
learn how to use the ability of several art students. All students are enrolled on a
forms with confidence. Various acting tools semester basis, with 16 lessons provided
are mixed, ranging from mime, puppetry, each semester.
clowning, juggling, combat skills, physical
theatre, musical instruments, music and Private drama performance
pantomime to blend into a scene. opportunities
Musical theatre Private and shared private students are
The three disciplines examined in this invited to perform at the annual drama
syllabus are singing, acting and movement recitals where parents and friends can
but, as is the nature of musical theatre, come and enjoy the pieces students have
candidates need to demonstrate worked on all year.
their ability in these skills through
The Junior School Recital for students in
integrative performance.
Years 4-6 will be held in Everett Hall on
At all levels, the syllabus offers a wide Tuesday 14 September. The Senior School
choice for selection of performance Recital for Years 7-8 will be held in the
material, which may include material from Drama Studio on Monday 13 September.
the candidate’s own country or culture. All students may sit the Trinity exam in
World dramatists October/November.
21
This syllabus explores the great playwrights
from around the globe. Discover the likes Group lessons
of Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller,
LITTLE DRAMA FUN
Patrick White, Harold Pinter and more. The
Girls and boys aged 3-5
course encourages students to develop
confidence and expressiveness and is In this class, children will delight in creating
invaluable for those who wish to develop characters through voice and movement,
their acting and performance skills. The experiment and play using costumes and
examinations have been carefully designed props, whilst being taught how to move and
so that they complement and enrich use stage space. Through drama games
programs of study in drama and literature. and re-enactment, children will work on
following stage directions, expressing
COMMUNICATION SKILLS their ideas, and using their imaginations.
This program is designed to enhance Children will have a taste of poetry,
a student’s ability to communicate in a storytelling, myths and legends along with
variety of contexts and circumstances, play-building skills and improvisation.
including preparing and delivering This class will boost children’s stage
speeches, interactive speaking, presence, build confidence and encourage
storytelling, persuasive speaking, initiating their creativity.
conversation and social speaking. As
students progress through the grades, they
will develop an intuitive feel for public and
interpersonal communication and will beOPEN GROUP DRAMA
Abbotsleigh girls Years K-3
This program has an emphasis on
confidence building and provides students
with the necessary skills for effective
communication. Using theatre games,
improvisation, devised work and recital
techniques, students encounter poetry,
plays, prose and musical theatre. Care is
given to gently encourage less confident
students and provide opportunities for
budding actors. Girls experience both
solo and group work. Most importantly
at this level, open drama classes are Performance opportunities include the
designed to be fun! Students do not sit a Junior School and Senior School recitals
Trinity examination. held in September. All students may sit the
Trinity exam in October/November.
TRINITY GROUP DRAMA
Abbotsleigh girls Years 4-8 Term courses
This course will provide girls with the
CREATIVE WRITING FICTION
opportunity to interact with their friends
Abbotsleigh girls Year 5-6 | Term 2
and create a fulfilling and dramatic
performance in a relaxed and enjoyable John Larkin is the much-loved author
environment. The program involves a of more than 25 published books for
22
deeper focus on drama and constructing teens, adults and children. His books for
a performance for examination in Term 4. young people include The Shadow Girl,
Each group will be assessed as a whole Growing Payne and Spaghetti Legs. John
by the examiner who will provide a written has degrees in English Literature and
report with each student receiving an Education, a Masters in Creative Writing
individual certificate. and is the writer in residence at Knox
Grammar School. His workshops allow
Performance opportunities include the
students the opportunity to work in a
Junior School and Senior School recitals
supportive and encouraging environment
held in September. All students may sit the
as they build a portfolio of original work.
Trinity exam in October/ November.
Students who are interested in the craft
TRINITY MUSICAL THEATRE of writing will learn how to write a more
Abbotsleigh girls Years 5-7 sophisticated piece of work, along with
Students will develop the ability to receiving supportive feedback to help them
integrate singing, acting, movement and develop and take more risks in their writing.
dance into a sustained and convincing CRIME WRITING FICTION
performance, and will be encouraged to Abbotsleigh girls Year 8-11 | Term 2
develop confidence, expression and their
Darcy-Lee Tindale has written comedy
ability to cooperate and negotiate during
for radio, stage, media personalities,
this course.
comedians and theatre restaurants. Her
plays, poems, articles and short stories
have been published in the School
Magazine, Celapene Press, Tincture,Clan Destine Press, ZineWest, Black The Scarlett Stiletto is a national award for
& Blue Publications, Penguin Books, short stories written by Australian women
Bumples Magazine, Newcastle anthology, and featuring a strong female protagonist.
Stringybark Publications and Storm Cloud Award winners who have gone on to have
USA. Her children’s books are published novels published include Cate Kennedy,
with McGraw Hill Education and her Tara Moss, Annie Hauxwell, Angela Savage
middle-grade reader Thumb Pickles and and Josephine Pennicott.
Other Cautionary Preserves is published 23
THEATRESPORTS
with Woodslane Publishers.
Abbotsleigh girls NEW!
Darcy’s work has been nominated for Year 5-6 | Term 2,
and won many awards, including the Years 3-4 | Term 3
Scarlett Stiletto, CBCA Frustrated Students will learn many of the Impro
Writers, Varuna Writers’ House, Narda Australia Theatresports™ games including
Lyn, Di Cranston National Literary Award, Death in a Minute, Word at a Time Story,
Monash University Undergraduate Prize, Gibberish, Human Puppets, Mime and
Stringybark, Newcastle Short Story Award, Typewriter, to name a few. Theatresports
CA Broadribb Award, and the Writer is fun, teaching valuable and essential
Around the Murray Award. She has been skills for any student actor: from quick
shortlisted three years running in the thinking, using the imagination, role play,
SD Harvey Short Story Australian Crime improvisation, voice use, physicality with
Writers Association Ned Kelly Awards. characters, movement, thinking outside the
Darcy’s passion for crime writing will take box, thinking on one’s feet and more. Girls
students on the journey of writing a strong will form teams, learn the rules and have
plot, fully rounded characters, a touch of a friendly challenge of improvisation and
red herrings, and twists and turns that all Theatresports skills.
amount to a thrilling read of crime.
Students will work on their story to polish
and enter the Scarlett Stiletto Award in
August, in the under 18 year old category.CONFIDENCE IN PUBLIC SPEAKING SONGWRITING
Abbotsleigh girls Years 5-6 | Term 3 Abbotsleigh girls NEW!
Years 7-8 | Term 2 Years 5-6 | Term 2
24
This workshop is ideal for students who are Roxanne and Stephen Kiely are
uncomfortable with public speaking. The musicians, music teachers, entertainers,
aim is to build confidence in a supportive award-winning songwriters and directors
environment. Speaking in front of an of ScoopFX Music.
audience can be a stressful and nerve- Roxanne is a well-known vocal coach
racking event, but understanding the key to stars such as Delta Goodrem, Bec
elements of a good speech and learning Cartwright, Sarah Blasko, Hayley Warner
how to use those butterflies to your (co-writer of the Katy Perry song Never
advantage are effective tools for life. Really Over) and Natalie Bassingthwaighte.
This course will look at the planning and With more than 30 years of industry
preparation of a speech, content, tone and experience, Roxanne is a performer,
length, as well as knowing your audience, vocal coach, songwriter, the president of
practising your speech, vocal variety and Songsalive! Australia, and author of the
speech delivery, body language, posture Busy Izzy and Friends children’s picture
books and multi-media series.
and gesturing. Presentation and physical
appearance, eye contact and controlling Stephen is a multi-instrumentalist,
your nerves will also be addressed. songwriter, producer, performer, website
Students will develop confidence and designer, multi-media and digital creative
have a better understanding of public director, and co-songwriter with Roxanne
speaking tools. for the Busy Izzy and Friends series. He has
written and produced film soundtracks,
advertising jingles and songs covering
genres as diverse as rock and country,
through to swing and jazz.Roxanne and Stephen will work with students on the following: How to write catchy lyrics – hook lines – writing from a title – prosody – phrasing – choosing words that sing well – angles – concepts – chord progressions – styles and more. Students will craft their original song over the ten weeks, then record it accompanied by Stephen on piano or guitar on a Zoom digital recorder for the students to keep. CLOWNING – THE ART OF BEING SILLY Abbotsleigh girls Years 5-6 | Term 1 Years 3-4 | Term 2 Students will learn comedic skills associated with clowns. They will embrace being ‘silly’ and identify what makes human beings laugh. Students will explore physical theatre, experiment with props and costume, devise group drama pieces for an audience and draw on aspects of Commedia dell’arte to create their own clown characters and scenarios. 25 Clowning is particularly challenging (and beneficial) for students whose cultures or upbringings value seriousness or where ‘silliness’ is frowned upon. This is also an important outlet for those girls who are ‘class clowns’ – they are given the opportunity to use and build on this skill in a structured environment. It provides the opportunity for all students to loosen up, learn to laugh at themselves and others in a safe and friendly way, release themselves from fear of failure and enjoy themselves.
Tennis
At Abbotsleigh we are very passionate ANZ HOT SHOTS SQUADS
about tennis. Tennis is an important part The Hot Shots Squads complement
of our sporting landscape with many group or private lessons and are focused
competitions; Tildesley shield being the predominantly around gameplay and
biggest for our senior girls and is one of drilling. The squads are invitation only;
the major carnivals on the IGSSA calendar. however, anyone wishing to trial for a place
Whether it be junior or senior girls, in these squads may contact the Head
identifying and developing talent in girls of Coach, Brendon Rose, at
any age is of utmost importance and keeps roseb@abbotsleigh.nsw.edu.au to
the tennis staff busy all year round! express interest.
Junior Red, Orange and Gold
FREE JUNIOR HOT SHOTS LUNCH
GAME PLAY
Abbotsleigh girls currently enrolled in
AbbSchool tennis
ANZ HOT SHOTS GROUPS
26 These sessions are intended to
Boys and girls aged 3-12
complement students’ tennis lessons
ANZ Tennis Hot Shots lessons are for and encourage extra practice, hence
all children looking to start their tennis only students who are enrolled in the
journey. Each lesson is run in a nurturing AbbSchool tennis program can enrol.
environment which promotes participation Sessions will be held on Mondays for K-2
and inclusion. They are run in small groups Red ball and Fridays for 3-6 Orange/Green
where children will learn a sport they can ball. These sessions are not compulsory;
play for life. The groups encompass each of however, parents must advise the Head
the stages – blue, red, orange and green. Coach if their child will be absent.
The program is designed so that any child, Racquets will be provided.
no matter their age or ability, can jump in
and start playing tennis. All equipment and
courts are modified to make starting tennis
as easy as possible.27
SENIOR TRAINING SQUADS FAST 4 TENNIS LUNCHTIME LADDER
These are our entry level squads. The Abbotsleigh girls Years 7-12 currently
sessions provide an interesting and enrolled in AbbSchool tennis
enjoyable introduction to tennis, and as the These Fast 4 Tennis lunchtime sessions are
students progress they cover all aspects of offered to Abbotsleigh senior students who
technical, tactical and game play. are enrolled in AbbSchool Tennis. Students
TENNIS INTENSIVE SQUADS will enjoy playing in a fast-paced format
These squads offer an intensive training while gaining valuable match practise.
program for the more advanced tennis Students will be placed in a ladder system
player and are only available by invitation based on ability and will play a challenge
from the Head Coach. Students need match, moving up and down the ladder
to show a strong commitment to their depending on results. Students will play
tennis as positions in these squads are once a week in a stress-free environment
reviewed each semester. In addition to at a lunchtime which is mutually agreed
participating in these squads, it is highly upon between students. There will be
recommended that players also enrol in awards each term for most-improved and
private or shared private tennis lessons for this ladder will also aid tennis staff when
more refined stroke production techniques. selecting school teams, as regular practice
As recommended by Tennis Australia, our and enthusiasm to improve is regarded
squads have a game based approach with highly by the coaches.
students learning through match play and
a focus on the game itself, rather than New initiatives in 2021
emphasising technique alone. Some things to look out for are our weekly,
28 The levels for our tennis squads are: free Hot Shots lunchtime gameplay
Senior Gold, Silver and Bronze sessions along with more Hot Shots
challenges. Our Fast 4 senior ladder will be
Coaching perfect for those girls who are time poor
but want more gameplay. Also, keep an eye
These lessons are available to both out for the Universal Tennis Ranking (UTR)
Abbotsleigh and non-Abbotsleigh students tournaments held locally for extra practice.
of all ages including adults. We will advise students and parents of
PRIVATE COACHING these as they come up.
All ages | 30 or 60 minute sessions
Private coaching allows for customised
sessions to develop the skill level of
individual students in a one to one or
two to one format. This can range from
teaching the basics to the more advanced
tactics of the game. This lesson is tailored
to the student’s individual needs.You can also read
