PROGRAMME 11-15 November 2019 Dar es Salaam Serena Hotel, Tanzania - Science Granting Councils Initiative
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PROGRAMME
11-15 November 2019
Dar es Salaam Serena Hotel, Tanzania
The Science Granting Councils Initiative in
Sub-Saharan Africa Annual Forum
Global Research Council Africa Regional Meeting
SGCI/GRC Session on Gender and Inclusivity
DFID Knowledge Systems and Innovation (KSI) Session
International Research for Development Funders Forum (IRDFF) 2019 Meeting
NRF-Carnegie Corporation Peer-Learning for Emerging Researchers’ Knowledge and Advancement
Programme (PERKA) Convening
Table of Contents
MEETING CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................... 1
PROGRAMME OVERVIEW: 11-15 NOVEMBER 2019..................................................................................................................... 2
DETAILED PROGRAMMES.............................................................................................................................................................. 3
DAY 1: Monday, 11 November 2019................................................................................................................................................ 4
Dfid-Acts Knowledge Systems and Innovation Session................................................................................................. 4
International Research for Development Funders Forum (Irdff) 2019 Meeting............................................................... 5
DAY 2: Tuesday, 12 November 2019................................................................................................................................................ 6
Science Granting Councils Initiative (Sgci) in Sub-Saharan Africa Annual Forum............................................................ 6
DAY 3: Wednesday, 13 November 2019.......................................................................................................................................... 7
Sgci Workshop on Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning................................................................................................. 7
Irdff 2019 Meeting........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Nrf-Carnegie Corporation Peer-Learning For Emerging Researchers’ Knowledge and Advancement Programme (Perka)
Convening........................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
DAY 1: Wednesday, 13 November 2019............................................................................................................................ 10
DAY 2: Thursday, 14 November 2019................................................................................................................................ 11
DAY 4: Thursday, 14 November 2019............................................................................................................................................ 12
Sgci Governance Meetings............................................................................................................................................. 12
Sgci/Global Research Council (Grc) Dialogue: Gender and Inclusivity - Science Granting Councils as Catalysts..... 12
DAY 5: Friday, 15 November 2019................................................................................................................................................. 13
GRC Africa Meeting.......................................................................................................................................................... 13
General Information and Meeting Logistics................................................................................................................. 15
Detailed Concept Notes........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Dfid Knowledge Systems And Innovation Session.......................................................................................................... 17
International Research for Development Funders Forum 2019 Meeting........................................................................... 18
Science Granting Councils Initiative (Sgci) in Sub-Saharan Africa Annual Forum........................................................... 19
Sgci Workshop on Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning................................................................................................. 20
Sgci Councils Committee Meeting................................................................................................................................... 22
Sgci Panel of Advisors Meeting....................................................................................................................................... 22
Sgci Collaborating Technical Agencies Meeting.............................................................................................................. 22
Nrf-Carnegie Corporation Peer-Learning For Emerging Researchers’ Knowledge And Advancement
Programme (Perka).......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Sgci/Grc Dialogue: Gender And Inclusivity - Science Granting Councils as Catalysts Forum...................................... 27
Global Research Council Africa Meeting........................................................................................................................... 27
About the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology.............................................................................. 28
A
Meeting Context and Background
The African Union’s Agenda 2063 and its Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Strategy for Africa (STISA
2024), as juxtaposed within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), provide the framework for
developing and enhancing strong strategic partnerships in support of STI on the African continent. Science granting
councils (SGCs) in Africa disburse public funding for research and innovation as a primary function, and are building
and sustaining partnerships to advance an internationally competitive knowledge enterprise.
Since 2015, the African SGCs have hosted an annual series of high-level dialogues and engagements to strengthen
partnerships, share experiences and practices on a range of emerging topics, and network amongst themselves and
with other science system actors within and outside the African continent.
Chief among this annual series of events are the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI) in sub-Saharan Africa
Annual Forum, and the Global Research Councils (GRC) Africa Regional Meeting. In 2019, these meetings are
hosted by the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH). The SGCI will host its Annual Forum
in partnership with the African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) and the Scinnovent Centre, with an
additional session on monitoring, evaluation, and learning. In partnership with South Africa’s National Research
Foundation (NRF), COSTECH will co-host the GRC Africa Regional Meeting. The SGCI and GRC will partner to host
a session on gender and inclusivity. As is tradition on the occasion of hosting these prominent events, several value-
adding engagements will also be implemented. The United Kingdom’s Department of International Development
(DFID) will host the Knowledge Systems and Innovation (KSI) session; the International Research for Development
Funders Forum (IRDFF) 2019 meeting will take place; and the NRF and Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY)
will be presenting the second Peer-Learning for Emerging Researchers’ Knowledge and Advancement Programme
(PERKA) convening.
Collectively, this annual African SGCs week leverages partnerships and existing networks to catalyse conversations
and actions that support the strategic implementation of SGC mandates, and regional and international cooperation.
1
Programme Overview
PROGRAMME OVERVIEW: 11-15 NOVEMBER 2019
Date Meeting Target Audience
Monday AM: DFID Knowledge Systems Innovation session on the theme: DFID invited guests, SGCI partners/representatives from
11 November 2019 “Investing in research and innovation in Africa for sustainable SGCs, partners from the African Academy of Sciences/
development: emerging evidence and policy opportunities.” DELTAS initiative
Venue: Kivukoni 1
PM: International Research for Development Funders Forum 2019 IRDFF invited guests, SGCI partners/representatives from
Meeting SGCs
Venue: Kivukoni 2
Evening: 2019 Annual Meeting opening ceremony All delegates
Venue: Sea Cliff Hotel Gardens
Tuesday Whole day: 2019 SGCI Annual Forum on the theme: “Open science HORCs, SGCI coordinators, SGCI Collaborating Technical
12 November 2019 in research and innovation for development” Agencies (CTA), SGCI Executive Committee (EC), SGCI Panel
Venue: Kivukoni Ballroom of Advisors, SGCI Initiative Management Team (IMT), and
invited guests
Wednesday Whole day: SGCI workshop on monitoring, evaluation, and learning HORCs, SGCI coordinators, SGCI Collaborating Technical
13 November 2019 (closed meeting) Agencies (CTA), SGCI Executive Committee (EC), SGCI Panel
Venue: Kivukoni Ballroom of Advisors, SGCI Initiative Management Team (IMT)
Whole day: NRF-Carnegie Corporation Peer-learning for Emerging Invited guests
Researchers’ Knowledge and Advancement convening
Venue: Rufiji
Whole day: International Research for Development Funders Forum IRDFF invited guests
2019 Meeting (closed meeting)
Venue: Kivukoni 3
Thursday AM: HORCs/representatives, SGCI Executive Committee (EC),
14 November 2019 • SGCI Councils Committee meeting (Venue: Boardroom 1) SGCI Panel of Advisors, SGCI Initiative Management Team
• SGCI Panel of Advisors meeting (Venue: Boardroom 2) (IMT) and SGCI Collaborating Technical Agencies (CTA)
• SGCI Collaborating Technical Agencies meeting (Venue: Ruvu)
(closed meetings)
PM: SGCI/GRC Dialogue: Gender and inclusivity - science granting HORCs, SGCI coordinators, SGCI Collaborating Technical
councils as catalysts Agencies (CTA), SGCI Executive Committee (EC), SGCI Panel
Venue: Kivukoni 1 of Advisors, SGCI Initiative Management Team (IMT), and
invited guests
Whole day: NRF-Carnegie Corporation Peer-learning for Emerging Invited guests and SGCI coordinators
Researchers’ Knowledge and Advancement convening
Friday
Venue: Kivukoni 2
Whole day: Global Research Council Africa meeting HORCs/representatives and invited guests
DETAILED PROGRAMMES
15 November 2019 Venue: Kivukoni 1
2 3
Day 1: Monday, 11 November 2019 Day 1: Monday, 11 November 2019
DFID-ACTS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND INNOVATION SESSION INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT FUNDERS FORUM (IRDFF) 2019 MEETING
Venue: Kivukoni 1 Venue: Kivukoni 2
13:30-13:35 Welcome remarks
Theme: Investing in Research and Innovation in Africa for Sustainable Development: Emerging Evidence and Policy Opportunities Amos Nungu, Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology
08:00 – 08:30 Registration 13:30-13:45 Introduction to IRDFF and meeting aims
Session 1: Official opening Marta Tufet, UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR)
Session Chair: Joanes Atela, African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), Kenya 13:45-13:50 Introductions from AAS
08:30 – 08:45 Welcome remarks Isayvani Naicker, African Academy of Sciences (AAS), Kenya
Tom Ogada, ACTS, Kenya 13:50-14:00 Presentation of collated funder survey
Amos Nungu, Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology Sheila Mburu, UKCDR
Fran Davies, UK Department for International Development (DFID)
14:00-15:00 Session 1: How do we assess whether a research partnership is equal?
Session 2: Short presentations addressing key questions UKCDR
Session Chair: Eunice Muthengi, UK DFID, Kenya
15:00-15:20 TEA BREAK
08:45 – 10:10 Chair’s opening remarks (5 minutes)
This session will use the emerging evidence-base to address the four questions outlined in the concept note. 15:20-16:45 Session 2: Mechanisms to implement equitable partnerships
UKCDR
Evidence on the impact of investing in ST&I (30 minutes) 16:45-17:30 Session 3: Looking to the future, how to take action together
Wellcome Trust study on the Economic Impact of Health Science Research in Africa, Pamela Juma (LSTM) Marta Tufet, UKCDR and Isayvani Naicker, AAS, Kenya
Assessment of the Social Science Research System in Nigeria, Francesco Obino (GDN) END OF SESSION
The Knowledge Systems Innovation (KSI) study team (NRI, UCL, CSIRO, SPRU, and ACTS) to present findings from the EARH-funded
18:00 – 22:00 2019 Annual African Science Granting Councils Meetings Opening Ceremony
study on Understanding Knowledge Systems in Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda, Nora Ndege (ACTS)
Venue: Sea Cliff Hotel Gardens
15 minutes of questions (and recap of questions on Slido)
All delegates are invited
Recommended approaches for strengthening research institutions (20 minutes)
DFID Rapid Evidence Assessment on Research Capacity Strengthening in LMIC, Mattia Fosci (Research Consulting)
CGD paper on Transforming the Institutional Landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa: Considerations for Leveraging Africa’s Research
Capacity to Achieve Socioeconomic Development, Alex Ezeh (Drexel University)
15 minutes of questions (and recap of questions on Slido)
10:10 – 10:45 Panel session on policy opportunities for increasing investments in Facilitator: Ernest Aryeetey, African
research and development Research Universities Alliance, Ghana
Alphonsus Neba, African Academy of Sciences, Kenya
Tade Aina, Partnership for African Social and Governance Research, Kenya
Alexandra Spittle, UK Research and Innovation
Mamadou SY, Direction des Stratégies et de la Planification de la Recherche,
Senegal
Kampeta Sayinzoga, National Industrial Research Development Authority, Rwanda
10:45 – 11:00 BREAK
Session 3: Group discussions and plenary
11:00 – 11:40 Break-out group discussions
Science granting council members/national innovation agencies
International funders/development agencies
Academia/think tanks
11:40 – 12:20 Panel report back by representatives of each group on key discussion points Facilitator: Joanna Chataway, University
College London, United Kingdom
12:20 – 12:30 Concluding remarks
Leah Mwai, UK DFID, Kenya
END OF SESSION
12:30 – 13:30 LUNCH
4 5
Day 2: Tuesday, 12 November 2019 Day 3: Wednesday, 13 November 2019
SCIENCE GRANTING COUNCILS INITIATIVE (SGCI) IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ANNUAL FORUM SGCI WORKSHOP ON MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING
Venue: Kivukoni Ballroom Venue: Kivukoni Ballroom
Theme: Open Science in Research and Innovation for Development Session Chair: Rebecca Hanlin, African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), Kenya
08:00 – 08:30 Registration 08:30 – 08:40 Introduction and objectives of the session
Session Chair: Amos Nungu, Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) Ellie Osir, Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Kenya
Session Moderator: Theophilius Mlaki 08:40 – 10:00 Session 1: World café by CTAs
08:30 – 09:00 Welcome remarks (15 minutes at each Key outcomes and lessons learnt in SGCI implementation
Makenya Maboko, COSTECH, Tanzania station x 5 stations) Facilitator: Diakalia Sanogo, IDRC, Senegal
Eunice Muthengi, East African Research Hub, UK Department for International Development
SGCI Theme 3: Film projection (In Plenary)
09:00 – 09:10 Introduction to the session and the masterclass paper authors Southern African Research and Innovation Management Association (SARIMA), South Africa
Nicholas Ozor, African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS), Kenya New Partnership for Africa’s Development – Planning and Coordination Agency (NEPAD-NPCA) - South Africa
09:10 – 10:10 Presentation of masterclass paper: Open Science in research and innovation for development ACTS, Kenya
Geoffrey Boulton, University of Edinburgh, Scotland Scinnovent Centre
Joseph Mwelwa, Joint Minds Consulting, Botswana African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS), Kenya
10:10 – 10:50 GROUP PHOTO AND BREAK 10:00 – 10:45 Session 2: SGCI-1 Synthesis and roles of councils in monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL)
10:50 – 11:50 Open science in research and development: SGCs’ perspectives and responses Donelly Mwachi, SGCI MEL Consultant
Facilitator: Teboho Moja, New York University, USA 10:45 – 11:15 BREAK
11:15 – 11:35 Discussions
Susan Muzite, Research Council of Zimbabwe Facilitator: Loise Ochanda, IDRC, Kenya
Hamidou Tamboura, Fonds National de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pour le Développement, Burkina Faso
Annette Ouattara, Programme d’Appui Stratégique à la Recherche, Côte d’Ivoire 11:35 – 12:35 Session 3: Fish bowl: Looking forward by SGCs
Dirce Madeira, Fundo Nacional de Investigação, Mozambique Facilitator: Dorothy Ngila, National Research Foundation, South Africa
11:50 – 13:00 Discussions 12:35 – 12:45 Summary of key points
Facilitator: Alfred Sumani, National Council for Science and Technology, Zambia Mike Kachedwa, National Commission for Science and Technology, Malawi
13:00 – 14:00 LUNCH 12:45 – 13:45 LUNCH
13:45 – 14:30 Open science in research and development: Global perspectives 13:45 – 14:45 Political economy studies and TIPC: Findings and implications for the SGCI
Panel Discussion Chux Daniels, University of Sussex, United Kingdom
Facilitator: Aldo Stroebel, National Research Foundation, South Africa 14:45 – 15:15 Discussions
Facilitator: Ann Weston, IDRC, Canada
Naser Faruqui, International Development Research Centre, Canada 15:15 – 15:45 SGCI capacity building effectiveness case studies: Rationale, methods, and preliminary findings
AnnaMaria Oltorp, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Julius Mugwagwa, University College London, United Kingdom
Alexandra Spittle, United Kingdom Research and Innovation
Faranah Osman, National Research Foundation, South Africa 15:45 – 16:00 Closing remarks
Ellie Osir, IDRC, Kenya
14:30 – 15:45 Discussions
Facilitator: Aldo Stroebel, National Research Foundation, South Africa 16:00 – 16:15 BREAK
15:45 – 16:00 Closing comments from the authors of the masterclass paper 16:15 – 17:15 SGCI 2 Proposals: Information session for the councils (closed session for the SGCs)
Geoffrey Boulton, University of Edinburgh, Scotland Facilitator: Ann Weston, IDRC, Canada
16:00 – 16:20 BREAK Diakalia Sanogo, IDRC, Senegal
16:20 – 16:35 Summary of key points and way forward Loise Ochanda, IDRC, Kenya
Maurice Bolo, The Scinnovent Centre, Kenya END OF SESSION
END OF SESSION 18:30 – 22:00 Dinner
18:30 – 22:00 Networking Dinner The National Museum of Tanzania
Venue: Dar es Salaam Serena Hotel All delegates from parallel sessions are invited
All delegates are invited
6 7
Day 3: Wednesday, 13 November 2019
IRDFF 2019 MEETING
Venue: Kivukoni 3
09:00 – 10:30 Session 1: Equitable partnerships continued
11:00 – 13:00 Session 2: Keeping research communities from harm
UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR)
13:00 – 14:00 LUNCH
14:00 – 17:00 Session 3: IRDFF Closed session
Research Council of Norway & UKCDR
END OF SESSION
NRF-CARNEGIE CORPORATION
PEER-LEARNING FOR EMERGING
RESEARCHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND
ADVANCEMENT PROGRAMME (PERKA)
CONVENING
8 9
Day 1: Wednesday, 13 November 2019: DAY 2: THURSDAY, 14 NOVEMBER 2019
NRF-CARNEGIE CORPORATION PERKA CONVENING NRF-CARNEGIE CORPORATION PERKA CONVENING
Venue: Rufiji Venue: Kivukoni 1
08:30 – 09:00 Registration 09:00 – 10:30 Engagement with the Science Granting Councils Initiative
09:00 – 19:15 Welcome and opening remarks Facilitator: Frans Swanepoel, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Aldo Stroebel, National Research Foundation, South Africa
Overview of PERKA postdoctoral models (4 case studies – 10 minutes each)
09:15 – 09:45 Update on PERKA progress Opportunities for postdoctoral fellowship funding through the SGCI (Four case studies – 10 minutes each)
Frans Swanepoel, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Parallel Session: Professional development session for participating postdoctoral fellows
09:45 – 10:45 Models for postdoctoral fellowships and experiences of postdoctoral fellows Teboho Moja, New York University, USA and University of Pretoria, South Africa
Presentation of findings from PERKA research
Melody Mentz-Coetzee, University of Pretoria, South Africa 10:30 – 11:00 BREAK
10:45 – 11:15 GROUP PHOTO AND BREAK 11:00 – 12:00 Moderated discussion between PERKA programmes and the Science Granting Council Initiative (SGCI) in sub-Saharan
Africa
11:15 – 13:15 Carnegie-supported programme peer-learning - Session 1 Facilitator: Frans Swanepoel, University of Pretoria, South Africa
What works and why? Successes and challenges in postdoctoral fellowship design and delivery
Parallel Session: Professional development session for participating postdoctoral fellows
Parallel session: Postdoctoral fellow focus groups Teboho Moja, New York University, USA and University of Pretoria, South Africa
Facilitator: Farai Kapfudzaruwa, University of Pretoria, South Africa
12:00 – 13:00 LUNCH
13:15 – 14:00 LUNCH
13:00 – 16:30 Designing and delivering effective mentorship programmes for postdoctoral fellows
14:00 – 16:30 Carnegie-supported programme peer-learning - Session 2 Dorothy Mukhebi, African Women in Agricultural Research and Development, Kenya
Achieving programme objectives and understanding programme achievements
16:30 – 16:45 Moving forward
Parallel session: Postdoctoral fellow focus groups Melody Mentz-Coetzee, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Facilitator: Farai Kapfudzaruwa, University of Pretoria, South Africa
16:45 – 17:00 Closing remarks
16:30 – 16:15 Closing Molapo Qhobela, National Research Foundation, South Africa
Frans Swanepoel, University of Pretoria, South Africa
END OF SESSION
END OF SESSION
10 11
Day 4: Thursday, 14 November 2019 Day 5: Friday, 15 November 2019
SGCI GOVERNANCE MEETINGS GRC AFRICA MEETING
Councils Committee Meeting SGCI Panel of Advisors Meeting Collaborative Technical Agencies Meeting Venue: Kivukoni 2
Venue: Boardroom 1 Venue: Boardroom 2 Venue: Ruvu
Themes: Public Engagement and Mission-Oriented Research
09:30 – 12:30 Closed Meetings
Session 1: Setting the scene: Perspectives from the Global Research Council (GRC)
END OF SESSIONS Facilitator: Amos Nungu, Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology
12:30 – 13:30 LUNCH 08:30 – 08:45 Welcome, opening remarks and introductions
Amos Nungu, Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology
SGCI/GLOBAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (GRC) DIALOGUE: GENDER AND INCLUSIVITY - SCIENCE GRANTING COUNCILS AS CATALYSTS Molapo Qhobela, National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa
Venue: Kivukoni 2 Co-hosts, 2019 GRC Africa Regional Meeting
08:45 – 08:55 Introduction and overview of the GRC
Facilitator: Soukèye Dia Tine, Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, Senegal and GRC Gender Working Mike Bright, Executive Secretary, GRC and United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI)
Group (GWG)
Session 2: Mission-oriented research - Perspectives from Africa
13:30 – 13:45 Global Research Council Gender Working Group Facilitator: Susan Muzite, Research Council of Zimbabwe
Ana Maria Almeida, São Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil and GRC GWG
08:55 – 09:10 Presentation of the GRC 2020 background paper
Sarah Plowman, UKRI
Africa Launch of GRC booklet: Supporting women in research: Policies, programmes and initiatives undertaken by public research
UKRI as Co-host, 2020 GRC Annual Meeting
funding agencies
Launch of Gender Disaggregated Data Survey: Africa region 09:10 – 10:00 Facilitated discussion on strategies, policies, practices and innovative aspects in support of mission-oriented research
in each public funding agency
13:45 – 14:00 Gender and inclusivity in the SGCI
Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Diakalia Sanogo, Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Senegal and SGCI Initiative Management Team (IMT)
Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
14:00 – 14:30 Panel 1: Promoting the equality and status of women in research – African SGC practices and initiatives
Facilitator: Jemimah Onsare, National Research Fund, Kenya Guiding questions:
Annette Ouattara, Programme d’Appui Stratégique à la Recherche, Côte d’Ivoire • How do GRC participants understand the definition of mission-oriented research in the context of their national research funding
Adelaide Asante, Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation, Ghana environments?
Peter Ndemere, Uganda National Commission for Science and Technology • What experience do GRC participants have with mission-oriented research activities and initiatives (specifically related to the
Hamidou Tamboura, Le fonds National pour la Recherche et de l’Innovation pour le Developpement, Burkina Faso SDGs)?
14:30 – 14:45 Discussion • Is there interest for multilateral collaboration between GRC participants?
• Would joint mission-oriented research activities around the SDGs be an appropriate area to start such collaboration?
14:45 – 15:15 Panel 2: Promoting the equality and status of women in research – International practices and initiatives
• Are there other grand challenges, beyond those within the SDG framework, that GRC participants would be interested in
Facilitator: Dorothy Ngila, National Research Foundation, South Africa
discussing around potential multilateral collaboration?
Marcus Wilms, German Research Foundation
• How would appropriate missions be identified by agencies participating in such a collaboration?
Maha Khayyat, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
• What would such a collaborative approach towards SDG-driven mission-oriented research look like? How would it work in
Makyba Charles-Ayinde, National Science Foundation, USA
practice?
Sarah Plowman, United Kingdom Research and Innovation
Each AHORC to share research council perspectives, experiences and approaches
15:15 – 15:30 Discussion
10:00 – 10:30 GROUP PHOTO AND BREAK
15:30 – 16:00 Break
Session 3: Public engagement - Perspectives from Africa
16:00 – 16:30 Panel 3: Experiences on inclusivity in funding Facilitator: Alfred Sumani, National Science and Technology Council, Zambia
Facilitator: Ann Weston, IDRC, Canada
10:30 – 10:45 Presentation of the GRC 2020 background paper
Phethiwe Matutu, National Research Foundation, South Africa
Rasigan Maharajh, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Naser Faruqui, IDRC, Canada
NRF as Co-host, 2020 GRC Annual Meeting
AnnaMaria Oltorp, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
16:30 – 17:00 Discussion and expectations for SGCI-2
17:00 – 17:10 Closing remarks
Eunice Muthengi, United Kingdom Department for International Development
END OF SESSION
12 13
Day 5: Friday, 15 November 2019 General Information And Meeting Logistics
10:45 – 11:45 Facilitated discussion on strategies, policies, practices and innovative aspects in support of public engagement in each Dinners
public funding agency The following dinners/events have been organised for these meetings:
Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, • Monday 11 November 2019 at 18:30: All delegates are invited to the opening ceremony and gala dinner at the gardens of
Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe the Sea Cliff Hotel Gardens. This dinner will be hosted by COSTECH.
• Tuesday 12 November 2018 at 18:30: All delegates are invited to a networking dinner at the Dar es Salaam Serena Hotel,
Guiding questions:
• What role, if any, should the GRC play as a public engagement actor? hosted by the event organisers.
• What practices have GRC participating organisations adopted to enable, facilitate and support public engagements? • Wednesday 13 November 2019 at 18:30: All delegates are invited to a networking dinner at the National Museum of Tanzania,
• In the role of GRC participating organisations as intermediaries, do public engagements generate mutual learning for scientists hosted by COSTECH.
and members of the public and society in general?
• What lessons, if any, have resulted from public engagements for scientists?
The exact details on venue for each of these events will be communicated before and during the meeting. Shuttles will be
• What lessons, if any, have resulted from public engagements for members of the public?
• What lessons, if any, have resulted from public engagements for the policy environment and governance regimes? available to transport delegates to and from the Dar es Salaam Serena Hotel to the various dinner venues.
• What lessons, if any, have resulted from public engagements for the public funding agency?
• Do public engagements contribute to improving perceptions and levels of trust in scientific praxis? Working language
• What other impacts arise from public engagements, in the experience of GRC participating organisations? The meetings are conducted in English, French and Kiswahili with translation services as applicable.
• What indicators could help research councils monitor, evaluate, and learn from public engagements?
Each AHORC to share research council perspectives, experiences and approaches
Session 4: GRC Working Groups Contact persons
Facilitator: Edson Faria, Fundo Nacional de Investigacao, Mozambique Event Name
11:45 – 12:30 Updates and way forward on GRC Working Group: Partnered research programmes DFID KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND INNOVATION (KSI) SESSION NORA NDEGE, Kenya
Focus: Outcomes and input on the peer-learning synthesis report email: N.Ndege@acts-net.org
Sepo Hachigonta, National Research Foundation, South Africa tel: +254 727 037547
12:30 – 13:00 Facilitated discussion INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT FUNDERS FORUM (IRDFF) RACHEL MILES, UK
Focus: Action plan for Africa and input/examples of peer learning programmes by African research councils 2019 MEETING email: R.Miles@ukcdr.org.uk
The GRC Gender Working Group progress, update and next steps are presented in collaboration with SHEILA MBURU, UK
the SGCI during the gender and inclusivity dialogue email: S.Mburu@ukcdr.org.uk
13:00 – 14:00 LUNCH SGCI ANNUAL FORUM RUTH ORIAMA, ATPS, Kenya
Session 5: Consolidating the Africa Regional Meeting input for the GRC International Steering Committee SGCI MEL WORKSHOP email: roriama@atpsnet.org
Facilitator: Angelique Philander, National Commission for Research, Science and Technology, Namibia SGCI GOVERNANCE MEETINGS tel: +254 720 889472
SGCI/GRC GENDER AND INCLUSIVITY: SCIENCE GRANTING COUNCILS AS NICHOLAS OZOR, ATPS, Kenya
14:00 – 14:30 Summary of feedback and consensus CATALYSTS SESSION
Melody Mentz-Coetzee, University of Pretoria, South Africa email: executivedirector@atpsnet.org
tel: +254 20 2714092
14:30 – 14:40 Next Steps on the 2020 Discussion Papers
Mike Bright, Executive Secretary, GRC GLOBAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (GRC) AFRICA PULENG TSHITLHO, NRF, South Africa
email: puleng.tshitlho@nrf.ac.za
Session 6: GRC Strategy and partnerships tel: +27 71 8761561
Chair: Annette Ouattara, Programme d’Appui Stratégique à la Recherche, Côte d’Ivoire and GRC Executive Support Group
NEEMA TINDAMANYIRE, COSTECH, Tanzania
14:40 – 15:10 Presentation and discussion: GRC Vision - a new decade for the GRC email: neema.tindamanyire@costech.or.tz
Mike Bright, Executive Secretary, GRC tel: +255 767 147947
15:10-15:40 Presentation and discussion: Engaging African science granting councils in the Belmont Forum NRF-CARNEGIE CORPORATION PEER-LEARNING FOR EMERGING PULENG TSHITLHO, NRF, South Africa
Erica Key, Belmont Forum RESEARCHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ADVANCEMENT CONVENING (PERKA) email: puleng.tshitlho@nrf.ac.za
15:40-16:10 Presentation and discussion: African-Japan Collaborative Research (AJ-CORE) on Environmental Science tel: +27 71 8761561
Aldo Stroebel, National Research Foundation, South Africa
16:10-16:15 Co-hosting and participation in the GRC 2020 Annual Meeting
Molapo Qhobela, GRC Governing Board
16:15-16:20 Closing remarks
Amos Nungu, COSTECH, Tanzania
Phethiwe Matutu, National Research Foundation, South Africa
END OF SESSION
16:20-16:30 Break
16:30-17:15 Closed meeting of SGCI HORCs and representatives, IDRC and NRF
Focus: OR Tambo Africa Research Chairs Initiative
14 15Dfid Knowledge Systems and Innovation Session
Investing in Research and Innovation in Africa for Sustainable Development: Emerging Evidence and Policy Opportunities
African-driven investments in science, technology and innovation (STI) can yield significant benefits to the economy and to
society, contributing to sustainable socio-economic growth and poverty reduction. Yet most investments in STI are informed
by knowledge steered from systems outside of Africa, and there are weak links between research, innovation, and sustainable
development programs on the continent. Based on commitments made through the African Union’s STI Strategy for Africa
(STISA2024) and the AU Agenda 2063, many African governments have developed new STI policies with the aim of increasing
their gross domestic expenditures on research and development to 1-2% of GDP, and focusing more specifically on socio-
economic challenges. In this context, there is a growing need for alignment between international funders and the African science
granting councils (SGC) on how to collectively maximise the effectiveness of investments in scientific research and innovation.
This workshop has been organised by the African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), the Knowledge Systems Innovation (KSI)
project, and the DFID East Africa Research Hub as a side event at the SGCI Annual Forum taking place in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
from 11-15 November 2019. This particular session aims to review emerging contextual evidence and policy opportunities, and
to discuss the practical implications for investing in research and innovation in Africa. Participants will include heads of African
science granting councils, policymakers, international funders, researchers and key stakeholders at national and regional levels.
The event will generate practical recommendations on how to steer and foster effective investments in research and innovation
for sustainable development.
The presentations and discussions will address the following questions:
1. What are the key gaps, opportunities, and challenges in current STI investment approaches, and how can they be addressed?
2. How can we create better linkages between investments in research and innovation with priority development outcomes?
3. What are some of the recommended practical interventions for different contexts?
4. How can we better incorporate evidence on STI investment in decision-making?
DETAILED CONCEPT NOTES
16 17International Research For Development Funders Forum 2019 Meeting Science Granting Councils Initiative (Sgci) In Sub-Saharan Africa Annual Forum
The Science Granting Councils Initiative in sub-Saharan Africa (SGCI) is a five-year initiative that aims to strengthen the capacities
of science granting councils in sub-Saharan Africa to support research and evidence-based policies that will contribute
to economic and social development. The Initiative is jointly funded by the United Kingdom’s Department for International
Development (DFID), Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC), South Africa’s National Research Foundation
(NRF) and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). The SGCI theme on “Networking Africa’s SGCs”
is being implemented by the African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) in partnership with The Scinnovent Centre.
Launched in April 2015, SGCI is strengthening the capacity of science granting councils in 15 countries (see Box 1) to:
i. Better manage research;
ii. Use robust STI indicators to design and monitor research Box 1: SGCI Participating Countries
programs; Botswana, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia,
iii. Strengthen knowledge transfer to the private sector and Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Mozambique,
collaboration among themselves; and Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and
iv. To promote networking among themselves and with other Zimbabwe
The International Research Development Funders Forum (IRDFF) 2019 is an inclusive meeting that explores commonality science system actors.
across global funders, to improve research funding practices through collaboration. We are an international group of funders,
representing global perspectives from high- to low-income countries. These capacity strengthening activities are expected to lead to more effective research investments and strengthened research
leadership for development in sub-Saharan Africa.
IRDFF 2019 is co-hosted by UK Collaborative for Development Research (UKCDR) and the African Academy of Sciences (AAS)
and will capture global funder perspectives through a unique partnership with the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI). SGCI convenes annual forums that bring together the initiative’s 15 participating science granting councils, along with other key
IRDFF offers an opportunity to further our pursuit towards the 2030 targets of the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular stakeholders from around the world to deliberate and develop interventions in strategic areas of interest to the councils and the
SDG 17, and work together to enhance our impact in development research. wider STI community. The annual forums support and strengthen the voices and views of the SGCs, and contribute to key STI
policy debates at regional and continental levels. To facilitate the sharing of lessons and good practices, SGCI commissions a
Alongside SGCI’s Annual Meeting, this year’s meeting includes sessions on: state-of-the-art paper on a topics or theme of particular interest for Africa’s development. The selected theme for the 2019 SGCI
• Equitable partnerships – working towards concerted action Annual Forum scheduled for 11-15 November 2019 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania is tagged as: “Open Science in Research and
• Keeping wider research communities and staff from all forms of harm (including sexual exploitation and abuse) Innovation for Development.”
This is a crucial time for shaping the future of IRDFF for which we need you and your organisation’s contributions to ensure global Open Science (OS) presents a new approach to the generation, diffusion, and governance of the scientific process that
representation. includes using new tools, technologies and frameworks. OS is premised on the need for enhanced collaborations in research
and innovation, and for increased knowledge exchange and greater uptake and utilisation of knowledge for socio-economic
development. Proponents argue that OS not only allows for better collaboration, but also enhances the quality of knowledge
products and the rigour of its production.
While the key role of STI in socio-economic development is widely acknowledged in policy and development circles—such
as the UN’s SDGs, the AU’s STISA 2024, and national development blueprints of most African countries—the uptake and
application of scientific findings and results has been undermined by a lack of access to the most up-to-date scientific literature,
particularly in the Global South.
A key contributor to this limited access has been the traditional method of scientific communication that relies on a print-on-
paper method with high prices, i.e. pay walls and subscriptions, and permission barriers, i.e. copyrights and other licensing
requirements. Aided largely by the advent of digitisation, particularly through the internet and mobile telephony, a new way of
conducting scientific research and communication—open science—has emerged to alleviate the problems associated with
restricted access.
The British Research Information Network has defined Open Science as “science carried out and communicated in a manner
which allows others to contribute, collaborate and add to the research effort, with all kinds of data, results and protocols
made freely available at different stages of the research process.” As such, OS connotes the opening up of the entire research
process from agenda-setting, data generation and data analysis, to dissemination and use with the aid of various emerging
digital platforms and tools. In this context, therefore, OS is viewed as “transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and
18 19developed through collaborative networks,” and is guided by a number of principles, including open data, open access, open
innovation, open source, open methodology, citizen science, and open peer-review, among others. OS is further viewed as a
combination of concepts, tools, platforms and media to promote the creation and dissemination of knowledge in free, open, and
more inclusive ways, to enable the reaping of wider research benefits.
While open data is described as information that can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose, open access
publishing and/or archiving refers mainly to availing the results of research in the form of scholarly articles, usually in electronic form,
via the Internet. Proponents of OS argue that knowledge should be viewed as a public good—particularly knowledge resulting from
publicly funded research—which should be freely and openly accessible. They opine that OS should enhance the research process,
making it faster and more efficient as researchers spend less time locating relevant literature. According to its proponents, OS
increases the visibility of research findings as well as the chances for uptake and use. However, promoting openness in the conduct
of research and knowledge sharing requires the existence of appropriate infrastructure and tools—particularly internet access and
mobile telephony—and these can be key challenges in resource-constrained environments.
Besides these technical challenges, behaviours, attitudes, and mind-sets often still stand in the way of OS as well. Many senior
African researchers, for instance, remain focused on publishing in high-impact factor international journals that are not open
access, for reasons of prestige and recognition. It can take a significant amount of time before new open access journals are able
to acquire a competitive impact factor; only then do they become of interest to researchers. There are also cautionary accounts
that the OS movement can have a “dark side,” in that openness has, at times, devolved into bullying and theft. Some have
compared the OS movement to communism: good in principle, impossible in practice. Given that impact evaluation metrics have
not evolved concomitantly with the advocacy for OS, there is a need to provide adequate incentive frameworks for researchers
across the continent to more readily adopt OS approaches.
Despite the potential dark side of OS, proponents still maintain that it has the potential to contribute to the advancement of
research and innovation for the acceleration of scientific progress through open knowledge sharing and utilisation. However, to
achieve its full potential, a number of policy and practical adaptation frameworks will be required. Providing the right infrastructure
is likely to result in direct and indirect effects on patterns of production, consumption, and employment that further influence
the socio-economic dynamics of societies. In addition, incentive and reward frameworks also need to be put in place to meet
the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) standards. These incentive and reward frameworks should be
undergirded by appropriate governance structures for effective implementation of the OS agenda.
Apart from regulating and assuring quality in the STI sector, SGCs have the responsibility to share research knowledge within the
science system. This responsibility therefore provides an important opportunity to embrace OS approaches for accomplishing
their mandates. The masterclass paper presented during the 2019 Annual Forum proposes roles and responsibilities for the
SGCs in creating an enabling OS ecosystem and acting as catalysts for open knowledge creation, knowledge accessibility, and
knowledge sharing, as well as collaborative development of knowledge infrastructure in research and innovation for development.
Sgci Workshop on Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning
Monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) remains a key component of the SGCI. The MEL workshop session provides a space
to take stock, reflect, share knowledge and learning, and exchange ideas and innovations in the implementation of the initiative.
Guiding this session will be the SGCI theory of change that traces the pathways to achieving the anticipated outcomes, including
sharing lessons by the collaborating technical agencies (CTA) and the SGCs. Different facilitation techniques will be adopted to
ensure that the sessions remain as interactive and participatory as possible. For example, a World Café has been organised to
give participants a chance to engage with the various CTAs across the different thematic areas. To reiterate the importance of
MEL within the initiative, the SGCs will also have an opportunity to reflect and share on their role in MEL moving forward and how
the MEL process can be more efficient and effective. Key objectives to be achieved in this session include:
• Better understanding of achievements in SGCI 1 against the theory of change.
• A shared understanding of the role of SGCs in MEL and how this can be strengthened for it to be more participatory, effective
and efficient.
20 21Sgci Councils Committee Meeting Nrf-Carnegie Corporation Peer-Learning for Emerging Researchers’
Knowledge and Advancement Programme (Perka)
The Councils Committee was established as a means to incorporate the voices of the individual granting councils in the A joint participatory research project on postdoctoral fellowships in Africa
governance of the SGCI. The goal of the Councils Committee is to ensure that the SGCI continues to respond to the needs and
interests of participating councils and to prepare for its long-term sustainability. Context
As the significant efforts to increase PhD production in Africa begin LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES
to yield results it has become necessary to consider thoughtfully and To develop a framework and series of
Sgci Panel of Advisors Meeting systematically the mechanisms through which to nurture young doctoral knowledge products that allow for a contextual
graduates into becoming future intellectual leaders. One of these understanding of the drivers of success in
The SGCI Panel of Advisors provides strategic advice to the initiative based on global perspectives. The Panel of Advisors is mechanisms is postdoctoral fellowships. Although the postdoctoral African postdoctoral fellowship models, and
composed of seven subject matter experts with extensive experience in research and research management in both the global model has had some notable successes in building research capacity in partnership models for postdoctoral fellowship
north and south. the US context, it is not yet widely implemented in Africa. Furthermore, funding that can be used by donors, science
with the continued dominance of a doctorate-by-thesis approach (as funders, institutional leaders and project
opposed to structured PhD programmes) in Africa, a PhD qualification implementers to design and deliver successful
Sgci Collaborating Technical Agencies Meeting alone cannot provide the broad range of knowledge and skills required and impactful postdoctoral programmes.
for a successful academic career. The immediate post-PhD period is
The SGCI Collaborating Technical Agencies (CTAs) are responsible for providing technical support to the SGCs through training, particularly perilous for African academics in light of scarce resources for An increase in collaborative funding from
on-site interventions, and facilitating collaborations between the councils. They are also engaged in monitoring and evaluating research and high obligations for teaching and administrative functions. a diverse funding base to deliver effective
the initiative. There are four consortia of CTAs responsible for each of the four SGCI themes in SGCI-1 as follows: In addition, Africa is challenged by an ageing productive academic postdoctoral programmes, leading to the
population, in part due to the debilitating brain drain experienced, but expansion of high-quality, context-specific
Theme CTA
also as a result of a low rate of investment in higher education. postdoctoral fellowships in Africa and creating
Theme 1: “Strengthening the research management capacity of Africa’s SGCs” Southern Africa Research and Innovation Management Association (SARIMA)
new and useful opportunities for the continent’s
Theme 2: “Strengthening Africa’s SGCs as champions of indicators in public New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) increasing number of PhD graduates.
It is within this landscape that some donors, including Carnegie,
policy making”
have started to focus on early-career scholars to increase the ranks
Theme 3: “Strengthening partnerships among Africa’s SGCs and the private African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS)
of advanced African academics. However, to date there has been no An increasingly large cohort of postdoctoral
sector”
mechanism to bring the programme directors of these various Carnegie researchers supported by effective postdoctoral
Theme 4: “Building partnerships and networks among SGCs and other science African Technology Policy Network (ATPS)
funded projects together to share experiences and leverage peer- programmes implemented in accordance with
system actors in sub-Saharan Africa” Scinnovent Centre
learning to improve and strengthen their own practices. The project good practice guidelines are able to establish
seeks to directly address this need. Furthermore, there have been no themselves within national and regional
attempts to date to develop an evidence-based understanding of the universities as academics and contribute to
factors that enable, and the characteristics of, successful postdoctoral strengthening Africa’s knowledge institutions.
fellowships in Africa. The project thus also seeks to address this gap by
investing in the study of successful models implemented in other parts
of the world and engaging with stakeholders who are currently implementing and funding postdoctoral fellowships in Africa to
develop and document a contextualised understanding of good practice for successful postdoctoral fellowships in Africa.
Project Overview
The objective of the project is to identify, analyse, document and share the key lessons learned from the Corporation’s investment
in postdoctoral fellowships in Africa through a collaborative, participatory peer-learning approach, and to document and
investigate partnership models for postdoctoral fellowship in Africa. The two-year project is funded by the Carnegie Corporation
of New York. The project will be implemented by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa in collaboration with
the Centre for the Advancement of Scholarship at the University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Project Components
1. GLEANING LESSONS FROM THE DOCUMENTED EXPERIENCES OF OTHERS: A literature review of academic and grey
literature of postdoctoral fellowship models internationally (in both the global north and south) will inform the development of a
draft framework for designing and implementing impactful postdoctoral fellowships in Africa. In order to develop a framework
for designing and implementing postdocs in Africa it is necessary to understand and critically examine the documented
experiences of other role players. This is a foundational component of the project as there is currently limited available literature
that examines the documented experiences from the perspective of their relevance and potential transferability to the African
context. This will enable future African postdoctoral fellowships to be even more intentionally conceptualised.
22 232. ENGAGING ROLE PLAYERS: Two primary groups will be engaged: those responsible for administering and delivering
postdoctoral fellowships in Africa (this includes all of the Carnegie sponsored postdoctoral project directors, as well as a
selection of invited academics and leaders responsible for postdoctoral programmes not directly funded by Carnegie but
linked to NRF activities/programmes); and postdoctoral fellows sponsored by Carnegie funded projects. Three beneficiary
meetings, rotated between East Africa, West Africa, and Southern Africa will provide the opportunity for programme
implementers and administrators to share their models and experiences for the purposes of peer-learning, reflect on insights
gained through their projects, and share success stories/exemplars of “what works”.
3. GENERATING KNOWLEDGE: An iterative process of documenting – convening – refining documentation (in an action
research approach) will be established to ensure that the lessons learned at the meetings are recorded and incorporated
into the series of knowledge products. At minimum, the following are envisaged:
• The literature review will be incorporated into a publishable article related to postdoctoral fellowship in Africa, contributing
to the science of African science literature.
• A report documenting good practice guidelines, targeted at multiple audiences (e.g. donors, funders, institutional
leaders, and project implementers).
• Advising communiques for early-career researchers considering a postdoctoral fellowship will be explored and could
include the development of a magazine style how-to-guide for approaching a postdoctoral fellowship.
• A public communication report, relating the stories and experiences of the postdoctoral fellows who benefitted from the
participating projects.
Beneficiary Meetings
Meeting One: 3-4 April 2019
The purpose of meeting will be for the various Carnegie-funded programme directors to share their postdoc models (and expected
outcomes) and experiences for peer-learning and (in collaboration with the project leaders) to agree on a learning framework for
moving forward. Selected outside participants (including the NRF) will be invited to share their good practice models for postdoctoral
fellowships/early-career academic programmes. In addition to raising awareness of the range of potential models among participants,
the meeting will allow for detailed descriptions of postdoctoral models currently being implemented to be documented.
Meeting Two: 13-14 November 2019
The second meeting will be used as an opportunity for sharing and reflecting on success stories and exemplars of “what works”.
The purpose of the meeting is to move beyond the description of what is being done, but to critically examine elements of
postdoctoral fellowship programme design that can inform the development of good practice guidelines. An additional focus
of the second meeting will be to bring together current and potential funding partners who can share their experiences and
models for funding postdoc fellowships and expose funders to successful models that could inform their future funding. A
spin-off benefit of this approach is that academics and funders have the opportunity to network, hear each other’s perspectives
and establish potential connections for future collaboration. It is at this meeting that the multi-donor Science Granting Councils
Initiative in Sub- Saharan Africa (SGCI) provides a critical area of synergy for the project. SGCI is targeted at 16 funding agencies
across sub-Saharan Africa, most of whom are engaged in formulating and implementing programmes to support postgraduate
training. These public funding agencies will form an important cohort for the learnings from the project, which it is envisioned will
further inform prospective programmes to support postdocs.
Meeting Three: Early 2020
The third beneficiary meeting will be held after the initial work on the knowledge products has begun and will serve the purpose
of sharing and validating the consolidated findings from the project.
Meeting Four: Late 2020
A fourth and final meeting will be held at the conclusion of the project to present the knowledge products and showcase the
outcomes of the project. This is envisaged as an International Convening on Higher Education Capacity Enhancement and will
include both beneficiaries from the regions and global policy makers. This will be a high-level event, with plenary panels and
extensive discussion on the topic. The meeting thus serves the purpose of making an evidence-based case for increased and
significant investment and support for postdoctoral fellowships on the continent.
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