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PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE
SPIEDigitalLibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie
Front Matter: Volume 8164
, "Front Matter: Volume 8164," Proc. SPIE 8164, Nanophotonics and
Macrophotonics for Space Environments V, 816401 (28 September 2011); doi:
10.1117/12.913672
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2011, San Diego, California,
United States
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Nanophotonics and
Macrophotonics for Space
Environments V
Edward W. Taylor
David A. Cardimona
Editors
22–23 August 2011
San Diego, California, United States
Sponsored and Published by
SPIE
Volume 8164
Proceedings of SPIE, 0277-786X, v. 8164
SPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light.
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Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-useThe papers included in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and
title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program
committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. The papers
published in these proceedings reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published
herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any
outcomes resulting from reliance thereon.
Please use the following format to cite material from this book:
Author(s), "Title of Paper," in Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments V, edited
by Edward W. Taylor, David A. Cardimona, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8164 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA,
2011) Article CID Number.
ISSN 0277-786X
ISBN 9780819487742
Published by
SPIE
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vii Conference Committee
ix Introduction
xi Strategic photonic sensors: technology and challenges (Presentation Slides Only) [8164-24]
Stephen Forbes, Air Force Research Lab. (United States)
SESSION 1 SPACE EXPERIMENTS AND COMPONENTS I
8164 02 Recent progress made in testing laser diodes and optical materials subjected to exposure
in space (Invited Paper) [8164-01]
N. S. Prasad, NASA Langley Research Ctr. (United States)
8164 03 Proton radiation testing of laser optical components for NASA Jupiter Europa Orbiter Mission
(Invited Paper) [8164-02]
W. J. Thomes, Jr., J. F. Cavanaugh, M. N. Ott, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States)
8164 04 Mesa-isolated InGaAs avalanche photodiode damage by ionizing radiation (Invited
Paper) [8164-03]
A. S. Huntington, L. A. Sellsted, M. A. Compton, Voxtel, Inc. (United States); E. W. Taylor,
International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United States)
8164 05 Self-trapped holes in glassy silica: basic science with relevance to photonics in space
(Invited Paper) [8164-04]
D. L. Griscom, impactGlass Research International (Mexico)
8164 06 Nanonewton thrust measurement of photon pressure propulsion using semiconductor laser
[8164-05]
K. Iwami, T. Akazawa, T. Ohtsuka, H. Nishida, N. Umeda, Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and
Technology (Japan)
SESSION 2 SPACE EXPERIMENTS AND COMPONENTS II
8164 07 Pulsed shaping high-energy fiber laser at low repetition rate (Invited Paper) [8164-06]
P. Wan, J. Liu, L.-M. Yang, PolarOnyx, Inc. (United States); F. Amzajerdian, NASA Langley
Research Ctr. (United States)
8164 08 InP- and graphene-based grating-gated transistors for tunable THz and mm-wave
detection (Invited Paper) [8164-07]
R. E. Peale, N. Nader Esfahani, C. J. Fredricksen, G. Medhi, Univ. of Central Florida (United
States); J. W. Cleary, J. Hendrickson, Air Force Research Lab. (United States); W. R. Buchwald,
Solid State Scientific Corp. (United States); H. Saxena, O. J. Edwards, Zyberwear Inc. (United
States); M. S. Lodge, B. D. Dawson, M. Ishigami, Univ. of Central Florida (United States)
8164 09 2µm fiber laser sources and their applications (Invited Paper) [8164-08]
J. Geng, Q. Wang, S. Jiang, AdValue Photonics, Inc. (United States)
iii
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Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-useSESSION 3 SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ARCHITECTURES
8164 0B Femtosecond fiber laser direct writing of optical waveguide in glasses (Invited Paper)
[8164-10]
H. Huang, L.-M. Yang, J. Liu, PolarOnyx, Inc. (United States)
8164 0C Design of microresonator quantum well intensity modulators based on an absorption
blue-shift (Invited Paper) [8164-11]
Y. Zhang, Univ. of Connecticut (United States); B. Pile, G. W. Taylor, Univ. of Connecticut
(United States) and ODIS, Inc. (United States)
SESSION 4 FIBER TESTING AND INTERCONNECTS
8164 0D Resonant optoelectronic thyristor switches as elements for optical switching fabrics (Invited
Paper) [8164-12]
B. C. Pile, Univ. of Connecticut (United States) and ODIS, Inc. (United States); Y. Zhang, Univ.
of Connecticut (United States); J. Yao, ODIS, Inc. (United States); G. W. Taylor, Univ. of
Connecticut (United States) and ODIS, Inc. (United States)
8164 0E Small form factor optical fiber connector evaluation for harsh environments [8164-13]
M. N. Ott, W. J. Thomes, Jr., NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States); R. F. Chuska,
R. Switzer, D. E. Blair, MEI Technologies, Inc. (United States)
8164 0F Fiber optic cables for transmission of high-power laser pulses [8164-14]
W. J. Thomes, Jr., M. N. Ott, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States); R. F. Chuska,
R. C. Switzer, D. E. Blair, MEI Technologies, Inc. (United States)
8164 0G OLTARIS: an efficient web-based tool for analyzing materials exposed to space radiation
(Invited Paper) [8164-15]
T. C. Slaba, NASA Langley Research Ctr. (United States); A. M. McMullen, Rochester Institute
of Technology (United States); S. A. Thibeault, C. A. Sandridge, M. S. Clowdsley, S. R. Blattnig,
NASA Langley Research Ctr. (United States)
SESSION 5 ADVANCES IN ORGANIC AND POLYMER MATERIALS
8164 0H Molecular photonics in space environments: a review (Invited Paper) [8164-16]
J. Pérez-Moreno, Katholieke Univ. Leuven (Belgium)
8164 0I Hyper-Rayleigh scattering as a screening tool for the optimization of piezoelectric polymers
(Invited Paper) [8164-17]
J. Pérez-Moreno, Katholieke Univ. Leuven (Belgium); K. Clays, Katholieke Univ. Leuven
(Belgium) and Washington State Univ. (United States)
8164 0J The nonlinear-optical response of a quantum system as a function of its energy spectrum
(Invited Paper) [8164-18]
S. Shafei, M. G. Kuzyk, Washington State Univ. (United States)
8164 0K Unexpected second-order nonlinear optical effects in conjugated polymers (Invited Paper)
[8164-19]
I. Asselberghs, K. Clays, T. Verbiest, G. Koeckelberghs, Katholieke Univ. Leuven (Belgium)
iv
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Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-useSESSION 6 ADVANCES IN IR LASERS FOR SPACE
8164 0L Temperature effects of an all-fiber polarization maintaining Ytterbium optical amplifier
(Invited Paper) [8164-20]
A. D. Sanchez, Air Force Research Lab. (United States)
8164 0M All fiber-based single-frequency Q-switched laser pulses at 2 um for lidar and remote
sensing applications (Invited Paper) [8164-21]
W. Shi, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States); E. Petersen, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States) and
Univ. of Arizona (United States); N. Moor, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States) and College of
Optical Sciences, Univ. of Arizona (United States); A. Chavez-Pirson, NP Photonics, Inc.
(United States); N. Peyghambarian, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States) and College of
Optical Sciences, Univ. of Arizona (United States)
8164 0O Recent developments in polycrystalline oxide fiber laser materials: production of Yb-doped
polycrystalline YAG fiber (Invited Paper) [8164-23]
H. Lee, K. Keller, B. Sirn, T. Parthasarathy, UES, Inc. (United States); M. Cheng, F. K. Hopkins, Air
Force Research Lab. (United States)
SESSION 7 ADVANCEMENT OF HARDENED GYROS
8164 0Q Hybrid integration of fiber optic gyroscopes operating in harsh environments (Invited Paper)
[8164-25]
W. K. Bischel, M. A. Kouchnir, M. Bitter, Gener8, Inc. (United States); R. Yahalom, Infiber
Technology, Inc. (United States); E. W. Taylor, International Photonics Consultants, Inc.
(United States)
8164 0R Radiation effects on multiple DOF MEMS inertial sensors (Invited Paper) [8164-26]
B. Dillard, V. Trent, M. Greene, Archangel Systems, Inc. (United States); E. W. Taylor,
International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United States)
SESSION 8 COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS FOR SPACE
8164 0S Performance of long-wave infrared InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice detectors for the
space applications (Invited Paper) [8164-28]
E. A. Plis, N. Gautam, M. N. Kutty, S. Myers, B. Klein, T. Schuler-Sandy, M. Naydenkov,
S. Krishna, Ctr. for High Technology Materials, The Univ. of New Mexico (United States)
Author Index
v
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Conference Committee
Program Track Chairs
Stephen M. Hammel, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
(United States)
Alexander M. J. van Eijk, TNO Defence, Security and Safety
(Netherlands)
Conference Chairs
Edward W. Taylor, International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United
States)
David A. Cardimona, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)
Conference Cochair
Ronald G. Pirich, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (United
States)
Program Committee
Mansoor Alam, Nufern (United States)
Koen Clays, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium)
Vincent M. Cowan, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)
Douglas M. Craig, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)
Michael J. Hayduk, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)
Mark G. Kuzyk, Washington State University (United States)
Narasimha S. Prasad, NASA Langley Research Center (United States)
Anthony D. Sanchez, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)
Session Chairs
1 Space Experiments and Components I
Narasimha S. Prasad, NASA Langley Research Center (United States)
2 Space Experiments and Components II
Ronald G. Pirich, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (United
States)
3 Signal Processing and Architectures
Edward W. Taylor, International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United
States)
vii
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Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use4 Fiber Testing and Interconnects
Ronald G. Pirich, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (United
States)
5 Advances in Organic and Polymer Materials
Javier Pérez-Moreno, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium)
6 Advances in IR Lasers for Space
Anthony D. Sanchez, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)
7 Advancement of Hardened Gyros
Edward W. Taylor, International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United
States)
Michael J. Hayduk, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)
8 Components and Materials for Space
Vincent M. Cowan, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)
viii
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The convening of the Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space
Environments V (NMSE V) Conference was well-attended and highlighted by the
presentation of two invited Keynote Presentations. Professor Peter J. Delfyett, Jr. of
the College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida provided an
excellent Keynote presentation describing a valuable new area of investigation
titled: Ultra Coherent Optical Signal Processing Technologies and Applications
Using Stabilized Optical Frequency Combs within the Signal Processing Session
which described a very efficient approach for improving the large scale selective
detection and processing of multiple signals. Stephen Forbes of the Air Force
Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, presented a Keynote
Presentation opening the Hardened Gyro Session which was titled: Strategic
Photonic Sensors: Technology Needs and Challenges. The presentation was very
well received by the conference participants that posed many important
application and technical questions followed by the speaker’s answers that were
well received by the audience.
Approximately one-third of the presentations addressed radiation-induced
effects in photonics technologies aimed at space applications including
presentations from NASA Langley and NASA Goddard Research Centers
regarding the testing of optical and photonic components in low-Earth orbit and
also for NASA’s planned Jupiter Europa Orbiter Mission. Other NASA presentations
included the reporting of recent test data on the performance of fiber optic
connectors and cables in harsh environments as well as the utility of a new web-
based tool (OLTARIS) for analyzing materials exposed to space radiation
environments. Papers from industry were also presented concerning the effects
of ionizing radiation on interferometric fiber optic gyros and MEMS inertial sensors,
as well as an excellent theoretical paper describing a model for Self-Trapped
Holes in Glassy Silica: Basic Science with Relevance to Photonics in Space that
was presented by Dr. David L. Griscom. The theoretical model based on
decades-long data bases prompted much interest from the audience.
A review paper from the Katholieke University, Leuven, Belgium, discussed the
historical investigation of molecular photonic components responses in space
and simulated space environments which set the tone for other papers in the
Advances in Organic and Polymer Materials Session. This session provided new
and interesting approaches for using Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering measurement
techniques for advancing the design and selection of organic and polymer
materials for space applications. The Conference attendees were also provided
a wide variety of other excellent presentations reporting the advancement of
components and materials for space applications in topic areas such as: laser
pulse shaping; THz and millimeter-wave detection; InAs/GaSb strained layer
ix
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materials; and, the advancement of 2 micron lasers and materials.
We expect next year’s SPIE NMSE agenda to focus on the same topic areas with
special emphasis on additional polymer based nanophotonic sessions. The Chairs
and Cochairs wish to thank the Program Committee, speakers, session chairs, and
especially the SPIE staff for their many contributions to making the NMSE V
Conference a success.
Edward W. Taylor
David A. Cardimona
x
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Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-useStrategic Photonic Sensors
Technology and Challenges
23 August 2011
Stephen Forbes
RVSV
Air Force Research Laboratory
Integrity Service Excellence
DistributionA:Approvedforpublicrelease;distributionisunlimited
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Outline
• Overview
gy Needs
• Technology
• Requirements
• Technology Development Efforts
• The Future
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xi
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Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-useOverview of Strategic Systems and
Launch Technologies
• Part of the AFRL Space Vehicle Directorate
at Kirtland AFB, NM
• Two technical thrusts
– Strategic Systems
• Focused on developing solutions to address technology
gaps in the Air Force’s strategic mission
– Launch Technologies
• F
Focusedd on developing
d l i technology
t h l to
t reduce
d launch
l h
costs and schedules
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Technology Needs
• Widespread reliance on GPS in both DoD
and civil sectors
• GPS vulnerabilities necessitate alternative
navigation/mitigation methods
• SSLT focuses on inertial navigation
technology
PhotosofCurrentMinutemanIIIGuidanceSetfromtheweb
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xii
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• Radiation
–Prompt ionizing radiation
–Neutron radiation
–Natural space environment
–MDA also has prompt radiation
requirements*
• Long operating life/high MTBF
• Vibration and Shock
• Thermal
• Vacuum
*SeeMDASBIRsolicitations SEE DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT ON TITLE SLIDE 5
Technology Development Efforts
• Adaptive Launch Guidance
• Novel data fusion for situational
awareness
• GPS Denied Navigation
• Inertial Instruments
– Inertial Measurement Units
– Accelerometers
– Fiber Optic Gyroscopes
Instrumentscurrentlyunderdevelopment
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xiii
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• SSLT is developing a
single mode strategic
grade fiber optic
gyroscope
• Emphasis on high MTBF
and radiation hardness
• Prompt ionizing radiation
drives optical component
selection
• Significant effort has been TablefromWangandWilliams,“StrategicInertialNavigation
Systems”,IEEEControlSystemsMagazine,Feb2008
spent on testing parts
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FOG Development Challenges
• Optical parts
• To a lesser extent electronic components
• 3 main issues
– Vendor stability/parts availability
– Lack of vendor test data
– Parts’ parametric stability over time
• Most parts lack prompt ionizing radiation testing
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xiv
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Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-useThe Future
• Current instrument technologies are
reaching the performance limit
• Looking for the future gyroscope and
accelerometer technology
– Atom interferometry
– Fast light ring laser gyroscope and
accelerometer
– Other?
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xv
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