Principles of Education - Welcome! While you wait Walk to each poster around the room, read the prompt and place the dot as appropriate.

Principles of Education
Welcome! While you wait…

Please take a strip of dots from your table.

Walk to each poster around the room, read the
prompt and place the dot as appropriate.

Chris & Wendy
70 Combined years in
Public Education…
Districts: Fitzgerald,
East China, Rochester,
Bloomfield Hills,
Clawson, Southfield,
Chippewa Hills,
Big Rapids, Bangor,
Dryden and
Olivet…Calhoun ISD,
Wayne RESA
MASA
MASSP

Today’s Facilitators:

Wendy Zdeb                      Chris Wigent
Michigan Association of         Michigan Association of
Secondary School Principals     Superintendents and Administrators
Executive Director              Retired Executive Director
wendyz@michiganprincipals.org   caw444@hotmail.com

QR CODE TO SLIDE DECK

Please
›      take a moment to introduce yourself at
your table:

NAME
›
DISTRICT/SCHOOL
›
CURRENT JOB TITLE
›
NUMBER OF YEARS IN YOUR CURRENT ROLE
›
WHAT DO YOU HOPE TO LEARN TODAY?
›

Who’s in the Room?
Representatives from:

► Local School Districts
► Urban, Suburban & Rural Districts
► Lower & Upper Peninsula
► ISDs & RESAs
► MDE

Who’s in the Room?
Representatives from:

►Business/Finance
►Human Resources
►Curriculum and Instruction
►Pupil Accounting
►Administrative Assistant
►Instructional Technology (including Data Managers)
►School Bus Driver
►Student Services
►Facilities and Operation
►Other?

Question 1:
Considering all factors, I would currently rate public
education in Michigan:
►A
►B
►C
►D
►E

Question 2:
Considering all factors, I would currently rate the school
district in which I work:
►A
►B
►C
►D
►E

Today’s Learning Targets

► Provide  a historical
  perspective of education in
  the United States.
► To share a framework for
  understanding public
  education in Michigan.
► To identify key trends in our
  State and Nationally with a
  focus on the current issues.

The Culture of Schools

 ►When  did the concept of public
  education develop?
 ►What are its origins?
 ►How is this original purpose still
  present today?

The Formation of Public
Education….
 ►   With public K-12 education free to every child in the United
     States, it is hard for modern Americans to imagine a world where
     public schools did not exist.
 ►   150 years ago in many places throughout the country, not even
     elementary education was provided publicly; in fact, even by
     the turn of the 20th century, some young people still did not have
     access to free public high schools.
 ►   Today, every American can get a free education and obtain a
     high school diploma, thanks to the efforts of our civic-minded
     predecessors

Key Markers in the History of Public
Education
 1600’s-1800’s
►   1. The first schools in the 13 colonies opened in the 17th century. The
    Boston Latin School was the first public school opened in the United
    States, in 1635. To this day, it remains the nation’s oldest public
    school.
►   2. Early public schools in the United States did not focus on
    academics like math or reading. Instead they taught the virtues of
    family, religion, and community.
►   3. Girls were usually taught how to read but not how to write in early
    America.

►   4. By the mid-19th century, academics became the sole responsibility of
    public schools.
►   5. In the South, public schools were not common during the 1600s and
    the early 1700s. Affluent families paid private tutors to educate their
    children.
►   6. Public Schooling in the South was not widespread until the
    Reconstruction Era after the American Civil War.
►   7. Common Schools emerged in the 18th century. These schools
    educated students of all ages in one room with one teacher. Students
    did not attend these schools for free. Parents paid tuition, provided
    housing for the school teacher, or contributed other commodities in
    exchange for their children being allowed to attend the school.

1900’s-Present
►   8. By 1900, 31 states had compulsory school attendance for students
    from ages 8-14. By 1918, every state required students to complete
    elementary school.
►   9. The idea of a progressive education, educating the child to reach his
    full potential and actively promoting and participating in a democratic
    society, began in the late 1800s and became widespread by the 1930s.
    John Dewey was the founder of this movement.

►   10. Through the 1960s, the United States had a racially segregated
    system of schools. This was despite the 1954 Brown vs. Board Supreme
    Court ruling. By the late 1970s segregated schooling in the United States
    was eliminated.
►   11. In 2001, the United States entered its current era of education
    accountability/reform with the institution of the No Child Left Behind
    law. *Update: The Every Student Succeeds Act has replaced No Child
    Left Behind.

History of Education
                       ► Aswe listen to
                        the video jot
                        down your Ah-
                        has.

Landmark Court Cases
Short Reads…Pick one of the four that
sparks your interest.

►   Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
►   Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
►   New Jersey v. TLO (1985)
►   Elonis v. United States (2010)

►   Make a list of 3 key points about the
    case.
►   How does this ruling impact schools
    today?

We are on BREAK!

►Please   return at XX:XX

Education in Michigan
►   On January 26, 1837,       Toward the end of the Millennium
    Michigan became the
                               (in the 1890’s), the state government
    26th State of the Union.      established a state school system on
                                  the German model, with public
                                  schools, high schools, normal schools
                                  or colleges for training teachers of
                                  lower grades, and colleges for
                                  classical academic studies and
                                  professors. It dedicated more funds to
                                  public education than did any other
                                  state in the nation. Within a few years,
                                  it established four-year curriculums at
                                  its normal colleges, and was the first
                                  state to establish a full college
                                  program for them.
                                 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Michigan

Public School in Michigan

► In1787, Congress enacted the Northwest Ordinance to
  provide a structure for settling the territories of Michigan,
  Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin.
► This
     is the law that divided Michigan into six-mile-square
  townships and reserved one lot in each township for a
  public school.
► Bonus question…what was the first township organization
  in Michigan?

Michigan an Early Leader in
Public Education
►   Michigan became a leader in
    democratizing secondary and
    higher education, and in creating a
    public K-16 system. University of
    Michigan was founded in 1817 in
    Detroit as part of the new territory's
    burgeoning school system, and
    Michigan also had the first land-
    grant college, which is now
    Michigan State.

Michigan’s First High School
►   As for public high schools, Kalamazoo
    made the history books by opening a
    high school funded by property taxes in
    1858, only to be challenged by
    landowners who filed a lawsuit. In 1874,
    the Michigan Supreme Court ruled in
    favor of the city and the Kalamazoo
    school case "became the rule of law
    throughout the nation, paving the way
    for the widespread acceptance of tax-
    supported high schools.”

School Funding 101(ish)

Per Pupil Funding in Michigan…

 ►Foundation   Allowance: $8,700 (effective
  2021-2022 fiscal year)
 ►Highest funded district
  (excluding island/isolated districts): $12,535

What is calculated into
“per pupil spending”?

► This includes gross school system expenditures for
  instruction, support services and non instructional
  functions including direct expenditure for salaries,
  employee benefits, student transportation, building
  maintenance, purchased property and other
  services and supplies.

Other Sources of
         Funding Include:
►Categoricals
►Local Millage
►County-Wide Millage    Highest funded district
 (excluding island/isolated districts): $12,535
►Grants

p.s. No local district operational millage opportunities

K-12
Spending in
 Michigan
 Giant bags of cash.
   #$8Binthebag!

Top 10 States
    (by Per Pupil Spending)

1. New York ($24,040)
2. Connecticut ($20,635)
3. New Jersey ($20,021)
4. Alaska ($17,726)
5. Massachusetts ($17,058)
6. New Hampshire ($16,893)
7. Pennsylvania ($16,395)
8. Wyoming ($16,224)
9. Rhode Island ($16,121)
10.Illinois ($15,741)

21.Michigan ($12,345)

►How  has the
Pause &    “decrease” in MI’s per
Think….    pupil spending affect
           student achievement?

The School Finance Research Collaborative is a diverse group
of business leaders and education experts, from Metro Detroit
to the U.P., who agree it’s time to change the way Michigan’s
schools are funded.

The Collaborative is bringing together top industry experts to
reexamine our approach to school funding so we can fully
prepare ALL students for jobs and success.

                                           Website: www.fundmischools.org

Recommendations of the School Finance Research Collaborative: Weighted foundation

Weighted Funding Doesn’t
Address…
►   Retirement legacy costs
►   Differential ability to raise money through millage
►   Infrastructure funding for K-12 Districts and/or charters
►   Transportation costs
►   Added Costs for CTE or other equipment intensive programs
    (chemistry, yearbook, etc.)
►   Extracurricular offerings
►   Additional cost for high school

List for yourself…
WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS OF
A WEIGHTED FUNDING STRUCTURE?

2016 - Michigan Section 152b Lawsuit
Michigan Constitution: “No Public Dollars to Non-Public Schools”
►   Original Lawsuit - 2016 Budget Allocation of $2.5M to Non-Public Schools
►   Counter Lawsuit
►   Court of Claims - WIN!
►   Court of Appeals – LOSE
►   State Supreme Court – LOSE :(
►   This was a critical decision for public education in Michigan
► Next up:
    ► Voucher Initiatives
       ►Allowing use of Section 529 plans for tuition at private, religious
        schools
       ►Let MI Kids Learn Ballot Initiative vs For MI Kids, For My Schools

Question 3:
Currently schools in Michigan Receive…
► A.   Adequate state funding
► B.   Not enough funding

Question 4:
It would make sense to adjust per pupil funding according
to factors such as special education, poverty, etc.:
► A.   Agree
► B.   Disagree
► C.   Unsure

We are on BREAK!

►Please   return at XX:XX

Concerns about Public
Education in Michigan…
   Michigan Ranks
   46th In 4th Grade Reading

                  Michigan Ranks
                  37th in 8th Grade Math

                                     29th in Career &
                                     College Readiness

Concerns about Public
Education in Michigan…
  Michigan Ranks
  32nd in Technical Education

             Michigan Ranks
             34th in Post-Secondary Attainment

                          Michigan Ranks
                          28th in per capita income in 2018

What Drives
Instruction?

Question 5:
Online learning for students:
► A.   Rocks
► B.   Sucks
► C.   Unsure

Examining COVID-19's impact on student
learning over the last two years

College &
Career
Readiness

Why College Ready?

   49.1%     61.6%

SAT Suite of Assessments

The SAT

Kahn Academy FREE
Official SAT Prep

Question 6:
Every junior attending a public school in MI gets to take a
free college entrance exam:
►   A. True
►   B. False

Education & Job Growth

Education = Income

 37th        33rd

Ed Attainment Goal

Attainment: Current State

Attainment: Current State

Question 7:
Choose the Answer you agree with…

 ►   A= Public Education     ►   B= Public Education
     should provide              should prepare
     students with a well-       students for specific
     rounded education           jobs/careers they can
     allowing them to be         access after high
     successful in their         school.
     future endeavors.

Stop & Think…

► “We are preparing kids today for jobs
that don’t yet exist.” Your thoughts on
the challenge this presents…

► What may need to be done to better
  raise awareness of College and Career
  Readiness?

► Should schools be geared toward
  college, career or both?

Educator
Shortage

Could Michigan's teacher shortage
get worse in the coming years?

Source: MASA member survey data, March 2022

Launch MI Survey
*7,000 Teacher/Administrators Responded
*Survey Focused on Likes/Dislikes about Profession
*Areas of Concern:
  ► Public/Legislative Negative Perception of Public Education
  ► Fairness of Evaluation Process
  ► Lack of Support from Administration
  ► Class Size
  ► Lack of Quality Professional Development
  ► Compensation/Retirement Program

TEACHER SHORTAGE (con’t)
►COVID Impact
►Increased Retirements (early and scheduled)
►Frustrations with Changes (or not) in Instructional Delivery
►Additional Responsibilities
►Stress
►Public Pressure
►Political Micromanaging
►Other

Question 8:

It is becoming less desirable to work in education:
► A.   Agree
► B.   Disagree
► C.   Unsure

Question 9:
Our district struggles w/teacher shortages (positions
unfilled/sub shortages)
►   A. Yes
►   B. No

Question 10:

If my child/grandchild wanted to be a teacher I would:
►   A. Encourage them
►   B. Discourage them

Predictions:
What will education look like in five
years in Michigan?

What will education look like in
thirty years in Michigan?

Question 11:

In public education this is a (an)…
► A.   Scary time
► B.   Exciting time

The concept of public education is to contribute to
the common good.

What can you do in your formal and informal roles
to positively impact the common good of
education in Michigan?

ONGOING CHALLENGES FOR
    PUBLIC EDUCATION
►Funding
►Teacher Shortage
►Support Staff Shortage
►Administrator Shortage (e.g. Principals, Superintendents)
►Ongoing Pandemic Issues and COVID Hangover
►School Safety
►Mental Health (students and staff)

ONGOING CHALLENGES FOR
     PUBLIC EDUCATION

►Curriculum Development and Agreement
►Effective Curriculum Delivery (in-person v online)
►Accountability and Academic Achievement
►College and Career Readiness
►Political Divisions (CRT, RJ, Vouchers, Politics, etc.)
►Other, Other, Other!

Did We Achieve Our Learning
Targets for today?
 ► Provide
         a historical perspective of education in
  Michigan.
 ► To
    share a framework for understanding public
  education in Michigan.
 ► Toidentify key trends in our State and Nationally
  with an emphasis on our current reality.

THANK YOU!

Wendy Zdeb                      Chris Wigent
Michigan Association of         Michigan Association of
Secondary School Principals     Superintendents and Administrators
Executive Director              Retired Executive Director
wendyz@michiganprincipals.org   caw444@hotmail.com