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Volume VII, No. 3
March 2021 Edition
Preview
Tower Talk carries articles about health and
wealth. Three articles discuss the creation and
distribution of wealth. There are two COVID-
19-related articles by Peter Hertzmann, one
that unravels the mysteries of “95% effective,”
and another suggests appraising not only the
medical advice itself but also its source. There
is also a polemic advocating recall of the San
Francisco School Board for its misplaced efforts
at renaming 44 schools and failing to operate the
schools it has. Of course, there is a predictable
argument between Austin and Van Ness. San Francisco School Board President, Gabriella Lopez
Few northern cities serve such a small percent of
Throw the Bastards Out the school age eligible students as does SFUSD.
James W. Guthrie Middle-class parents rely on private and other
non-public schools to a greater degree in San
In an early draft of A Connecticut Yankee in King
Francisco than any other major American city
Arthur‘s Court, Mark twain wrote, “First, God
made school board members for practice, then outside of former Confederate states.
he made monkeys.” The San Francisco Unified While SFUSD enrollments have been shrinking,
School District Board of Education and high- school district spending and hiring have been
level central office administrators provide added on the upswing. Over the last two decades,
evidence of Twain’s derisive observation. enrollments have plummeted by a third, but the
It is likely that our city’s school board and district has added one-third more employees. If the
central administration represent one of the added employees were classroom teachers, there
most irresponsible government agencies in San might be some justification. However, they are not.
Francisco’s modern history. Even the City’s left- It is non-teaching staff, mostly administrators and
leaning Mayor has said that the school board is central office personnel, that have been added.
acting in an unproductive manner and has filed Money cannot be claimed as an issue. Per pupil
a lawsuit against the board for not re-opening expenditures are approaching $20,000 annually.
the public schools. An interview with the school That is nearly twice as much as the U.S. public
board President published in The New Yorker school average.
displayed how empty a vessel she is, engaging in
double-speak and criticizing Lincoln and other Teacher salaries have not been the beneficiaries
historic notables for their flaws rather than of the school district’s profligate spending. The
proclaiming their heroic accomplishments. highest possible salary for a classroom teacher is
less than the median household income for San
While the school board wastes time and money on
Francisco residents.
personal political agenda items, such as sponsoring
reparations for Native Americans, covering up or For the kind of student to personnel ratios and
destroying world-class historic art, and thinking per pupil spending that are taking place in
of new names for historically labeled schools, they our city, we should have world-class schools.
are defaulting on their principal responsibility: Instead, with our school board and central office
providing a good education to students. personnel, we appear to have world-class fools.
Opinion, Vignettes, Nostalgia 1 Fair & Accountable
One proposed solution is to subordinate the capacity on the face of the earth and has no
school board to the County Board of Supervisors comparison in modern human history.
and empower that body to appoint school board
Genghis Kahn’s empire would be a rival. Spain
members. Research fails to reveal differences
at the height of its accumulation of Latin
between appointed and elected school boards.
American treasure or Victorian England with its
Thus, more to the point, a recall election is in
colonial hegemony might have been equals, but
order. If you have an opportunity to sign a recall
those were nations, not a collection of private
petition, please do so.
individuals and corporations.
In the San Francisco Bay Area alone, the
Wealth and Its Problems
aggregate market value of Apple, Facebook,
James Guthrie
Alphabet, Netflix, Oracle, Uber, Tesla, and Cisco
The United States is the World’s wealthiest Systems exceeds the annual gross domestic
nation. Our annual Gross Domestic Product of product of modern-day Great Britain, and equals
$33 trillion exceeds all other 40% of the GDP Germany,
nations, including China, by a Program Note Europe’s wealthiest nation.
wide margin. (On a per capita
On Fridays at 11:30am turn to It is not simply financial
basis, Switzerland, Ireland, and
Channel 998 and watch Your capital that is shifting.
Norway have higher GDPs than
San Francisco hosted by James Demographers have
the U.S.) However, U.S. wealth
Guthrie and Megan Sullivan. documented the flow of
is not distributed equally,
advanced and scientific
either by geography or by March guests will be: degree holders from the East
household, and as a nation, we
March 5: Peter Spencer – Social coast and Midwest to the
are deeply in debt.
Security and San Francisco. western tech corridor.
A seismic social and economic
March 12: Peter Hertzmann – Wealth of this magnitude
shift began in the 1990’s. The
San Francisco and food. portends of disproportionate
U.S. economic and technical
political influence. All of us living
centers of gravity began March 19: Adrienne Jonas – her
in San Francisco Towers marvel at
moving rapidly west. New York unusual path to SF and her
and derive investor and consumer
remains a major center for interesting business career.
benefits from the brilliant
finance, and Washington DC is March 26: Paul Sedway – San efforts of our neighborhood’s
the nation’s government hub. Francisco City Planning Issues. technological experts.
Conventional manufacturing,
energy, and agricultural Nevertheless, one must
production dominate the Midwest and South. acknowledge that these ambitious, brilliant
However, here is the change. entrepreneurs possess the possibility of unduly
influencing the political landscape. Apple’s
A massive geopolitical migration of high-tech
Tim Cook is routinely discussed as a national
knowhow, personal and corporate wealth, and
political candidate. Facebook’s founder, Mark
potential political influence has congregated
Zuckerberg, the fourth wealthiest American after
within a 25-mile-wide coastal corporate corridor
only Microsoft’s Bill Gates, Tesla’s Elon Musk,
beginning with Microsoft, Amazon, Starbucks,
and Amazon’s Jeffrey Bezos, is said to harbor
Boeing, and Costco in Seattle and stretching a
presidential or senatorial aspirations.
thousand miles south through Apple, Netflix,
Google, and Cisco, in Silicon Valley and Not only do Tech Titans and their corporations
continuing downward to the defense businesses have unmatched wealth and visibility that could
of Los Angeles and San Diego. This is the largest be converted to political capital, but they also
concentration of privately controlled economic have an additional asset never before previously
Opinion, Vignettes, Nostalgia 2 Fair & Accountablepossessed. Tech companies have unquantifiable The two institutions maintain a friendly rivalry
reams of information about each of us: our and each probably benefits from the competition.
assets, our aspirations, our consumer tastes, and Both are academically distinguished, and
our preferences. sometimes they also have good athletic teams.
This is particularly true of Stanford which for
Modern America is characterized by seldom
several recent years has had more successful
seen wealth concentration. Today’s Tech Titans
athletic teams than any other university in the
and their peers comprise less than 1% of the total
nation. On the academic side, when combined,
U.S. population. They control almost 40% of
the two institutions have more living Nobel
the nation’s wealth. The situation is every bit as
Laureates (35) than any nation, except the United
pregnant with the prospect of evil as was possessed
States.
by Gilded Age Titans of a century ago. Key
ingredients then were oil, steel, brute labor, and These schools have contributed powerfully to
guile. It is now silicon, technical genius, and hubris. the Bay Area’s, California’s, and the nation’s
economies. It is no accident that the electronics
Gilded Age tycoons were conservative. They used
and emerging biotech revolutions owe their birth
their partisan political power to protect their in large measure to the scientific R&D activities
interests. Some of today’s Tech Titans follow. For of these two schools. Cal and Stanford together
example, the Koch brothers, Charles Munger, are estimated to contribute $200 billion annually
and Peter Thiel lean right. However, judging by to California’s $3.14 trillion Gross State Product,
their contributions to electoral campaigns, a the fifth largest economy in the World after, the
majority of tech billionaires are liberal in their U.S., China, Japan, and Germany.
outlook and are capable of using their wealth and
foundations to further their political views. The University of California, founded in 1868,
is the older and by far the larger of the two
Solutions to wealth concentration and institutions. It now enrolls approximately 42,000
disproportionate political influence are hard undergraduate and graduate students. Stanford
to come by. Breaking up huge companies risks was founded in 1885 as a private university
ceding markets to competitors in China and by California’s former governor and railroad
Korea. The issue of potentially inappropriate magnate Leland Stanford and his wife Jane.
political influence is complicated by recent a The university is actually named for their son,
Supreme Court ruling sustaining the right of Leland Stanford Junior, who died prematurely. It
corporations to be political actors. Thus, for the enrolls approximately 19,000 undergraduate and
moment, there is little to be done but to be alert graduate students.
to corporate misdoing.
Cal is a public institution, deriving its charter
from the state legislature and governed by a
Where Wealth Begins: Economic gubernatorially appointed Board of Regents,
Engines in Our Back Yard members of which serve extended terms.
James W. Guthrie Stanford has a self-perpetuating Board of
Wealth formation relies upon land, labor, and Directors. Each of these oversight bodies is
capital. It is in the domain of intellectual capital comprised of highly visible business and political
that the San Francisco Bay Area excels. The Bay luminaries who are expected to make substantial
Area benefits from the presence of two world- financial contributions.
class universities: University of California at Cal’s annual operating budget is $3 billion.
Berkeley (“Cal”) and Stanford. The 2020 Forbes Stanford’s annual operating budget is twice as
University rankings proclaims Stanford as the large, but that includes Stanford Hospital. Even
best university in the United States and Cal as though it is a public institution, Cal derives
number seven. only a small percent of its annual revenues
Opinion, Vignettes, Nostalgia 3 Fair & Accountable(about 15 percent) from the state. It, like debt, probably, forever. We have borrowed this
privately chartered Stanford, depends heavily money from future generations. This effects the
on charitable and alumni donations, contract economy because there is less money for each
research funding, endowment income, and person to spend on day to day living.
student tuition.
Most of the debt is held publicly by U.S.
Institutional leadership and governance provide corporations and agencies. Japan and China are
an interesting contrast. Stanford has risen to the largest foreign holders of treasury bonds.
greatness, primarily as a consequence of having This house of cards will collapse if the United
brilliant and dynamic Presidents, seemingly States can no longer pay interest on this debt and
blessed decade after decade with creative and sacred treasuries are devalued. And that will
forceful CEOs. include treasuries in which the Social Security
Trust Fund is invested. We are currently lulled
Cal certainly has had highly visible and
into complacency because interest rates are at
dynamic Chancellors. However, Cal’s academic
such a low level that the payments are tolerable.
prominence, far more than Stanford’s, is due to
This will not continue.
the comprehensive role in governance played
by the faculty. Faculty appointments and The billionaire map on the next page, brazenly
promotions, student academic requirements, expropriated from Money Magazine, is evidence
and oversight are provided at Cal by faculty of the increasing household income disparity in
committees. Stanford’s faculty is active, but it is America. We are now matching and en route to
far more advisory and less operational than is Cal’s. exceeding the excesses of the Gilded Age, more
than a century ago. These were the “malefactors
The two institutions together and their
of great wealth” against whom Teddy Roosevelt
multifaceted R&D efforts have spawned literally
railed and eventually tamed.
thousands of Bay Area and worldwide companies
and contribute billions to the economy. Boston At the end of the 19th century and into the early
has Harvard and MIT, Los Angeles has UCLA and years of the 20th century, the U.S. economy
Cal Tech, but no other U.S. city can boast of two was controlled by a relative few oligarchs.
powerhouse universities. Rockefeller, Carnegie, JP Morgan, and Vanderbilt
were household names, much as Bezos and
One worrisome trend, particularly if it
Gates are today. While touting the virtues of
accelerates, is the hundreds (Hoover Institute
capitalism and competition, Gilded-Age Barons
claims thousands) of corporations abandoning
relied on cartels, monopolies, stock scams, and
California over high taxes and crazy politics. So
illegal contracts to control more than half the
far, these firms include large employers such as
nation’s economic assets and exercised vastly
Oracle, Tesla, and Schwab.
disproportionate political influence. At the time
of his death, in 1877, Cornelius J. Vanderbilt
Glaring Problems: Debt and Distribution controlled 15 percent of the U.S. economy. In
James W. Guthrie today’s dollars, Vanderbilt’s wealth would equal
The United States Federal Government has not approximately $210 billion, more than Jeff Bezos.
had a balanced budget in a quarter-of-a-century. While not quite as wealthy or powerful as their
The national debt is $23 trillion and growing. counterparts from yesteryear, today’s billionaires
Per capita debt share approximates $80,000. are adding to their wealth at alarming rates.
(A family of 4 owes $320,000) That means we Together, Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg,
have borrowed $80,000 per person from future Bill Gates, and Warren Buffet (the five top-ranked
generations, an amount unlikely to be repaid American billionaires) experienced a collective
in our lifetime. It matters because our children 85% increase in their wealth since the pandemic
and grandchildren will pay interest on that began. This equates to an added $303 billion in
Opinion, Vignettes, Nostalgia 4 Fair & Accountablewealth in a year. In contrast, the median wealth of resort, always purchase their own island and
American households is about $121,700, and due to establish their own nation.
COVID-19, there has been a rising inability to cover
On the other hand, catering to the low-income
monthly bills and a risk of losing one’s home.
side of the ledger, financial giveaways, such as
Another way to view the enormous concentration guaranteed annual incomes, create government
of wealth among America’s billionaires is to realize dependency, encourage individual sloth and
that the top five, listed above, have more combined criminality, and dash personal dignity. Similarly,
wealth than the total of public-school annual elevating the minimum wage serves principally
expenditures for all fifty states. Five persons have to eliminate entry level jobs.
more wealth than is spent annually on the schooling
New, or at least renewed, approaches are needed.
of more than 50 million U.S. school children.
A multi-pronged approach is in order. Billionaires
Something must be done about wealth need added incentives to give their money away
inequality. If it continues at the current pace, or direct it toward good causes. (Bill and Melinda
the less fortunate among us, perhaps having Gates are model citizens in this regard.) At the
lost hope, will withdraw their fealty to the social lower end of the wealth spectrum, we need
contract, and further imperil democracy. financial help and renewed lifetime hope for
Simple and outmoded solutions are discussed individual workers, poverty impacted families,
everywhere. Vastly increased taxes on the super- and small businesses. We need bold ideas, not
rich never fully succeeds They find dozens of old political rhetoric. It is time for a modern-day
ways to shield their wealth. They can, as a last equivalent of The New Deal or The Great Society.
Opinion, Vignettes, Nostalgia 5 Fair & AccountablePreviously, innovations such as Social Security, two doses of the vaccine compared to the number
Medicare, space exploration, Obamacare, federal (162) of study subjects who tested positive on
aid to education, environmental protect, and a PCR test for COVID-19 after two doses of the
ingenious infrastructure projects such as the placebo. The median follow-up time was two
Interstate Highway System have resulted from months. The ratio assumes that the number of
Presidential Task Forces. It is time to try this subjects in each study group was equal, which it
mechanism again. essentially was.
Joe Biden should convene a Presidential Task This method of determining effectivity is one of
Force focused on “Post-COVID America.” Its convention and is typically used in drug trials.
charge should be a practical plan for a revitalized The difference in this trial is that the placebo is
economy, debt retirement, and more equitable not expected to have a positive effect.
society. It must be perceived as being and indeed
A statistician would state the results differently:
operate in a nonpartisan manner. It should be
Of the 21,720 subjects who received two doses
co-chaired by Vice President Harris and Stanford
of the vaccine, 8 subjects tested positive on a
University’s Condoleezza Rice. It should be
PCR test for COVID-19 in a median period of two
provided with expert and bipartisan staff and
months following injection. This translates to less
required to report by November of 2021. It should
than 0.04% of the subjects who were vaccinated
scour the nation for ideas, hold widespread
public hearings and public forums, distill ideas, later contracted tested positive for COVID-19.
and issue an understandable report intended to In lay terms, the vaccine administered in the SFT
mobilize Congress and state governments and Lounge is probably much more effective than
give Americans confidence that hopeful and 95%. But what about the word “contagious”? We
peaceful days lie ahead. are hearing news as to how the South African
variant of COVID-19 is twice as contagious as the
COVID-19 Vaccination: The initial (?) variant. What does this mean? How
Significance of Two Little Words contagious was the first variant?
Peter Hertzmann From a technical viewpoint, a contagious disease
A two-dose regimen of BNT162b2 conferred 95% is a category of transmittable diseases where the
protection against Covid-19 in persons 16 years disease is transferred by physical contact with a
of age or older. Safety over a median of 2 months sufferer or by casual contact with their secretions.
was similar to that of other viral vaccines. Contagiousness is calculated from an entire
This is the conclusion stated in the abstract to population model, not a sample. Thus, much of
a paper published in the New England Journal of the current publicity is inaccurate. The measure
Medicine on December 31, 2020. BNT162b2 is the of contagiousness is R0. If R0 is less than 1, the
technical name for the Pfizer vaccine most of us outbreak will become extinct. If R0 is greater than
received. Later in the paper, “95% protection” 1, the outbreak will become an epidemic. The
is replaced by “95% effective.” What does “95% value of R0 represents the number of secondary
effective” mean? infections caused by one infected individual.
It does not mean that you have a one-in-twenty There is disagreement in the infectious disease
chance of contracting COVID-19 after two doses profession as at how accurate a predictor R0 is
of the vaccine, even though this was written since it is only looking at individual transmission
in one of the unsigned emails from Covia instead of the population as a whole. Another
Headquarters in Walnut Creek. It simply is the way of stating this is that a non-random small
ratio of the number (8) of study subjects who sample of the population may not correctly
tested positive on a PCR test for COVID-19 after predict how the entire population may react.
Opinion, Vignettes, Nostalgia 6 Fair & AccountableThe CDC estimated value of R0 as of last to use a chemical-based approach and surgeons
September for the original variant of COVID-19 tend to use an extraction-based approach. Each
is 2.0 to 2.5, or one infected person will cause 2 to looks at illness differently. By the time I was
2.5 secondary infections. With the South African entering that operating room, there were three
variant estimated to be twice as contagious, its R0 other common types of doctors: psychiatrists,
would be between 4 and 5. pathologists, and radiologists.
Last month, it was reported that the South The field of gynecology has become a crossover
African variant was believed to have an R0 value profession in that gynecologists are surgeons by
of 3. This would indicate that either it is not twice training, yet they also tend to be primary care
as contagious or that the R0 value of the original physicians for premenopausal, adult women.
variant was only 1.5. Other crossover doctor-types include groups like
Further inquiry discloses a wide range R0 values interventional cardiologists. Cardiologists, by
of all the virus variants. The South African training are physicians, but an interventional
variant may be twice as contagious as the cardiologist is trained to perform limited
original variant, but what does that mean it is surgery.
twice as contagious for us as individuals? Why does this matter? For the past year, we
We are willing to accept that the effectiveness of have been listening to advice and counsel
a vaccine in a sample population is a predictor from different doctors and public health
of how effective the vaccine will be in the entire officials regarding COVID-19. Sometimes their
population. Scientists seem to be less likely to counsel are provided in their introduction and
accept contagiousness on the same level. sometimes not. The most common group counsel
epidemiologists, but there’s also virologists,
immunologists, biostatisticians, evolutionary
And Your Source Is? biologists, and persons with the three letters
Peter Hertzmann MPH after their name. Some of the experts are
In 1978, I was awakened by a phone call just identified as holding an endowed chair or
instructing me to rush to El Camino Hospital to as being the administrator of a department in
witness ear surgery. My boss was scheduled to a university or hospital. One expert commonly
observe the procedure, but luckily for me, he felt seen on MSNBC giving advice has both a Master
faint upon entering the operating room. I was of Public Administration and a Master of Science
called to take his place. That morning was the degree in addition to his medical degree. My
start of my future career developing new surgical issue with all these experts with alphabet
devices. It was also the first of many mornings overload is that each looks at the same problem
where I would learn about the practice of surgery through different types of training.
from the many surgeons I worked with in the Another basic facet of medicine I learned is
U.S., Europe, and Japan. that for most doctors, the principles of practice
One concept that I learned early in career that I have not changed in one aspect since doctoring
later taught other non-doctors who came to me was learned by apprenticing: do what you were
for training was that there are different kinds of taught. On many occasions when I was talking
doctors and each treats human maladies from to surgeons about changes to a procedure I was
a different approach. Initially, there were just proposing, I was told that they do what they
physicians and surgeons. Although there are learned in medical school and residency and
some differences dating back to guild-produced there was no reason to change. I learned that to
doctors versus university-produced doctors in introduce new procedures it was often necessary
the late middle ages, the primary difference is to find ways of putting market pressure on the
how each approaches illness. Physicians tend surgeons before they would consider a change.
Opinion, Vignettes, Nostalgia 7 Fair & AccountableThe most common title given seems to be to be some of the most credible people discussing
epidemiologist. How many viewers or readers COVID-19. They tend to be fact based and stay
know anything about the field of epidemiology? away from both advice and predictions. Their
Wikipedia provides this definition: answers are the least sensational and therefore
“Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the least likely to be found on news programs.
distribution (who, when, and where), patterns
Immunology is another branch of biology, and
and determinants of health and disease
it covers the immune systems in all organisms.
conditions in defined populations.” By definition,
There is a subset of immunology that study
epidemiology is a data-driven science that relies
diseases caused by disorders of the human
heavily on statistics. Unfortunately, the advice
immune system. Every once in a while, when I see
given by epidemiologists is based on little real
an immunologist being quoted or interviewed. It
data or little accurate data, and more likely to be
often feels like the expert has been sought by the
predictions based on opinion. It’s not uncommon
reporter to say what the reporter wanted, rather
for modern epidemiological studies, prior to
than provide new information.
the pandemic, to be controversial and often
discredited. Epidemiologists have learned how to The last type of expert we hear from, the one that
coax precise conclusions by selectively applying touches each of us most personally, is the public
statistics to carefully massaged data. (I learned health official with the letters MPH behind their
this from a biostatistician I worked with at name. The letters mean the person has a master’s
Stanford.) Advice from epidemiologists has to degree in public health. (In my career I worked
always be investigated further. with many people with the title. They tended to
also have the initials JD behind their name and
Virology “focuses on the following dimensions
work as regulatory lawyers.) A public-health
of viruses: their structure, classification and
masters is a non-thesis degree with a heavy
evolution, their ways to infect and exploit host
emphasis on regulations and public policy. Most
cells for reproduction, their interaction with host
public health workers spend their time enforcing
organism physiology and immunity, the diseases
codes written by others.
they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture
them, and their use in research and therapy.” As we are pummeled with information about the
Virology is a subfield of microbiology. Virologists pandemic each day, it is important understand
have masters or doctorates in the field, and a few the source of the information and how the
have also studied medicine. I have found that the training and background of the person providing
virologists I have heard interviewed on television the information may color it.
My wife is blaming me for
ruining her birthday. That’s
ridiculous. I didn’t even
know it was her birthday.
Opinion, Vignettes, Nostalgia 8 Fair & AccountableEntrez Nous graduate? What if by prank, seniors adopt Adolf
Hitler High?
Austin and Van Ness reside in SFT 1501. They are
bickering again. We can listen. Aus: Perhaps there could be a contest for a
school’s name?
Aus: London Breed said some nasty things about Van: Good thinking. Schools could sell naming
the school board; she is even suing them. That rights just like stadiums. Jeff Bezos could offer
seems out of line. some pocket change and change Lowell to
“Amazon Prime” or Zuckerberg could pay for the
Van: As Mayor she can use the bully pulpit on naming rights for Lincoln and call it, “Face Lift
matters important to constituents. High school.” How would that suit you?
Aus: But why pick on the school board? What Aus: That would be wrong. Private individuals
have they done that justifies a Mayor unloading can name their own buildings however they like.
on them? Salesforce Tower and the Transamerica Pyramid
Van: Perhaps the question ought to be framed are effectively advertising for big business.
differently. Has the school board done anything Lowell is a public institution.
NOT deserving of criticism? Van: Oh! So names do matter. Maybe they should
Aus: You and I went to school in San Francisco. carry names important historically. Washington
We did all right. contributed to the founding of the nation.
Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Van: When we were in public schools, the school
Lincoln freed slaves and kept the Union intact.
board did not busy itself with irrelevant issues
Those seem to me to be significant
like recommending Native American reparations,
accomplishments and of continuing relevance.
destroying world famous Victor Arnautoff
murals at Washington High School, or renaming Aus: I think you are missing the School Board’s
44 schools, including your beloved “Lowell.” point. All of these white men had flaws.
Washington owned slaves, Jefferson exploited a
Aus: What is wrong with renaming schools? Who slave as his mistress, and Lincoln is said to have
cares? held Indians in low regard.
Van: One group that cares are alumnae. It takes Van: FDR cheated on his wife, Clinton exploited a
away a part of their personal history. You went to youthful intern, Martin Luther King was a
Cal. What if the name were changed to Ché philanderer. No human, save possibly Mother
Guevara U? Teresa, is without blemishes. I think we had
Aus: Might it not be good to have schools named better select heroes for their preponderance of
after modern heroes rather than those whose good lest we never have any heroes whatsoever.
relevance has faded? Aus: Covia could change SFT to “Kevin Gerber
Van: Who might those modern heroes be? Senior Self-Fulfillment Center.”
Aus: Let students decide.
Tower Talk is published by SFT resident James W. Guthrie.
Van: Hip Hop HS, Justin Bieber Nursery School, It is known to but neither seeks nor possesses COVIA
Snoop Dog Technical High? approval. The publisher is assisted in typesetting by Peter
Hertzmann, proofreading by Jennifer Hamilton, and
Aus: If that is what students want, let them have archiving by John Darby. On occasion, other authors
it. After all, they attend, we do not. contribute substantive articles. Tower Talk is distributed
electronically. Recipients should write to sugarcaen00@
Van: With what frequency should a school’s name gmail.com if they wish to be removed from the distribution
change, every year? Should high school seniors list. Recipients wishing an enlarged print copy should
make a request and it will be supplied.
decide what to name the school for the year they
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